Wireless connection (WiFi). How to use Wi-Fi: useful tips

01.10.2019

Articles and Lifehacks

The designation “Wi-Fi” appeared for a reason; initially, such a name was presented as a result of a certain game to attract the interest of users. This name served as a consonance with another “Hi-Fi” designation - High Fidelity. Apparently, the decision was successful, so it stuck. If at the beginning they tried to decrypt Wi-Fi as “Wireless Fidelity”, today it is not disclosed in any way. Almost most smartphones have a Wi-Fi function that allows, but not all device owners can use this function. They simply have no idea how to use wifi on their phone.

Instructions - how to use wifi on your phone

Typically, a standard Wi-Fi scheme uses two or more access points and serves multiple clients. To get the opportunity to work on this network, you need to know how to use wifi on your phone. By the way, the minimum data transfer speed on a Wi-Fi network is 0.1 Mbit/s. In addition, Wi-Fi provides users not only with high speed, but also with freedom in choosing connection criteria. The user can work on the network almost anywhere and without laying a cable. This service also allows users to access the mobile device's network. When using the Wi-Fi service, full compatibility of multiple equipment is guaranteed. However, Wi-Fi also has some disadvantages. In addition to Wi-Fi, other devices, such as devices with Bluetooth functionality, operate in the 2.4 GHz range - this leads to a deterioration in electromagnetic compatibility. It is known that in Russia any wireless access point, if it exceeds the 100 mW range, must undergo mandatory registration, and this condition “scares off” communication providers. Using Wi-Fi is very simple - first you need to enable the Wi-Fi module in the phone settings. This allows the device to find a nearby point, and then you can connect.

How to use wifi on your phone correctly

The phone owner will have to select the required point or access from the list of found networks, which is not protected by a special password. After connecting to the desired point, you can launch an Internet browser and work using Wi-Fi on the Internet, without which it is impossible to imagine life these days modern man. On the smartphone market, devices with Adnroid support are now the most sold, and setting up Wi-Fi in such devices is not such a difficult process, no more difficult than doing it yourself. Just need to make sure that this function enabled on the smartphone. You will need to go to the “Settings” - “Wireless Networks” sections, and then make sure that there is a special icon next to the “Wi-Fi” option. If everything is done correctly, using a wireless connection will not be difficult.

Today, many families have several various types computer equipment: computer, laptop and others that are often used. All devices need the Internet, and they like it to be a wi-fi connection. And for this you need Wi-Fi router to provide Internet via Wi-Fi for all equipment.

Let's start with what is a Wi-Fi router?

Wi-Fi router (router) is a device for wirelessly connecting users to the Internet.

Router in English is router. And in Russian this word is translated as router. Therefore, a router and a router are one and the same.

It’s almost impossible to imagine any cafe or any office without wi-fi. In order to combine all these devices, a wi-fi router or router is required. And without it, it will simply be unprofitable or impossible to provide all this equipment with Internet access.

Why do you need a wi-fi router?

A Wi-Fi router, or otherwise called a router, is a device that helps build a common network between certain types computer equipment (computer, smartphone, printer, etc.) and connect them to the Internet.

New router models are different in that they can restrict access to certain sites with a high probability of danger. They can also encrypt traffic, also to ensure information security.

A home router usually comes with an antenna, a hardware unit, a cord, and a power supply.

The router, by its principle, receives certain signals from the Internet and transmits them to computer equipment, printers, even refrigerators and other “smart” electronic devices.

If this is expressed in simple words, then the wireless router (Wi-Fi router) connects the mini-server connected to the Internet with user devices.

All devices individually receive their own IP addresses. Moreover, thanks to the enhanced signal, several connected devices can use the Internet simultaneously. For example, some of the newest router models have the ability to connect up to 100 different devices.

By transmitting information to a computer, wi-fi routers also work in another direction, that is, they send certain information back to the Internet. For security, all signals are encrypted using WPA protection.

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What types of routers are there?

There are top, middle and bottom routers, if we consider the scope of their application. The first type includes high-performance models that connect networks of enterprises, firms and organizations.

Each device, designed to work in local (indoors, apartments, houses, offices) and global networks (connection to the “external” Internet, to an external network through one provider or several providers), can have about 50 ports.

The medium type is suitable for small networks. In such routers for local network there can be up to 8 ports and up to 3 for the global network.

A bottom type routers are used for home use and the local network of a very small office, which can have up to 2 global network ports, and a local network - up to 4 ports.

As for the connection method, the router can be

like wireless,
and wired.

In our apartments they are still quite often used wired routers.

The wire from such a router is connected separately to each computer. The inconvenience is that the wires must somehow be routed from the router to the location of the computer or several computers. Each computer needs a separate wire from the router.

Wireless wi-fi router can be used

both wirelessly using radio signal transmission,
so with wires, as in a wired router.

Many consumer devices, with the exception of desktop computers, can support two types of connections:

wired via LAN connector and
wireless via wi-fi.

For example, some laptops may support both types of connections. Probably, the wired connection is already fading into oblivion and wireless is confidently coming to the fore.

About local network

A wi-fi router has great capabilities in connecting many devices into a large network with an Internet connection or even without an Internet connection. You can establish communication between devices or equipment inside an apartment, home or office using a router.

A wireless connection within a local network allows the exchange of information without laying wires, which is often very convenient.

About connecting a Wi-Fi router

As practice has shown, a modern router is a durable and very reliable device. If you buy it and make the correct connection, then after that it can work for a long time without failures. There will be no need to reconfigure it or perform any other actions. As they say, I turned it on once and forgot for a long time!

Setting up the router is not difficult, and this procedure takes about 15-20 minutes. This can be done either by a representative of the provider or by the user himself using a disk that contains detailed instructions, or using the usual paper instructions that may be included with the router.

Some useful instructions for setting up the router and connecting to the router can also be placed directly on the router case in the form of stickers.

Sometimes people ask me something like this: send step by step instructions, how to connect a Wi-Fi router on a laptop with the Windows 10 operating system. In this regard, I would like to draw your attention to a couple of points.

Rebooting the router is easy - you just need to disconnect it from the power supply, wait a few seconds (preferably a few minutes), and turn it on again.

Turning off the Wi-Fi router

Sometimes they ask whether it is worth turning off the router, for example, at night, and in general, how often it should be turned off.

The router does not need to be turned off, it can work constantly, that is, be constantly connected to the 220V network. If you wish, you can turn off the router, for example, at night, if this makes you sleep better, say, if the cute winking lights on the router panel are disturbing you.

To turn off the Wi-Fi router, you just need to disconnect it from the 220V power supply.

Electronics are designed in such a way that they do not like frequent switching on and off, so turning the router off and on often (for example, several times a day) is not very healthy. The router should either not be turned off at all, or turned off rarely.

When leaving for a long time - on vacation, to the country, on a business trip, it is better to always turn off the router. Because a router connected to 220V is seen by your Internet provider as a working device, that is, from the provider’s point of view, you continue to use the Internet. And it follows from this that upon your return you will most likely have to pay for the service according to the provider’s tariffs, although in fact you did not use the Internet.

About choosing a Wi-Fi router

When choosing a router, you need to determine for yourself what purposes it will be intended for and take into account the capabilities of the device. You shouldn’t buy a complex, high-performance device for your home that, say, is designed to serve a large office.

Simple and cheap models are quite suitable for home use. You just need to carefully ensure that the router has both a wired connection (if needed) and a connection via wi-fi (again, if this is needed to connect computers and gadgets to the Internet via wi-fi).

Quite often, providers, when offering you Internet connection services, simultaneously offer certain models of routers, and this is a good offer, consistent with the capabilities of the provider. Providers don’t even always sell such routers, and sometimes they simply rent them out for money or even for free, just so that you become their clients.

You also need to take into account the features of various devices that you plan to connect to the Internet via a router. For example, old PCs or printers only have a single LAN port for a wired connection to the Internet, which means you need a router with a wired connection.

And laptops and tablets can be connected wirelessly using Wi-Fi, which means in this case you can use a router that distributes the Internet via Wi-Fi.

Results

The router does not increase the Internet speed provided by the provider. IN best case scenario the router will maintain its previous speed. If a router divides the Internet between several devices, then for each device the speed may be even lower than the speed provided (declared) by the provider.

Modern router models support high Internet speeds, approximately 100 Mbit/s. For many, this speed is more than enough to surf the Internet comfortably and quickly.

There are routers that have enormous speed and functionality. Despite this, they operate more simply than other switches, such as telephone modems.

But if there are many devices (computers, laptops, gadgets) operating on the office network, then constant monitoring by specialists may be required to ensure that the operation of the routers is synchronized. Basically, users who install routers at home do not have such problems.

On this moment Routers are quite common, and therefore a large number of manufacturers are starting to create entry-level devices that will subsequently replace complex routers of the upper classes. And life will become even simpler, the Internet will be more accessible.

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Comments: 15 to “What is a wi-fi router, what is it for and how to use it”

The provider said that the speed is according to me tariff plan up to 100Mbit/s and they cannot give more. This prefix “up to” 100Mbit/s is what 50, 60, 99...

Up to 100Mbit - this means from zero to... Much depends on the provider’s equipment, on the routing (signal passage) from the provider to your apartment, on who else is connected “on the route” and how these users use the Internet.
Still, before experimenting with an additional router or with the settings of an existing router, I would swap the TVs to make sure that the second (old) TV lacks the Wi-Fi signal strength. Otherwise, everything else may turn out to be meaningless.
And if the signal strength for the second TV is not enough, then I would first adjust the TV to receive a lower-quality signal. From experience working with video and TV, freezes are eliminated primarily by reducing the quality of the transmitted image.
Manipulating the router is unlikely to yield anything. Although you can try, why not?! The main thing is that if something happens, you can return to the previous settings of the router.
Also, if you go through the router settings, keenetic may suggest updating your software. You need to be mentally prepared for this. I agreed to install updates twice (in different time). And everything went well. Although the second time, at some point, at the very end of installing the updates, the router completely disconnected: both from the Internet and from the computer (from which I installed the updates). I had to turn off the router, and then turn it on again after a short pause. Everything worked out this time, and the router started working with the updated software.
Installed keenetic updates do not affect the Internet speed or Wi-Fi signal strength in any way...

Thank you Nadezhda for your answer. Maybe dig into the router settings. For example, raise its signal transmission power to 100% or try to send the signal only through the 5GHz channel. It’s interesting how the long-distance TV receives the signal through this channel.

Good afternoon. That's the problem. I live in a panel building apartment building. Purchased a zylex keenetic air WiFi router. Internet provider Wifire. Under New Year bought a new one Samsung TV and placed it in the room where the router is located. And the LG TV, which previously stood in this place, was moved to another room. The router was left in place, the Internet was connected to it, and the provider’s box was taken to LG. Both TVs are smart and have the Wifire tv app installed on both TVs. Question: On the second LG TV, the picture periodically freezes. What to do. The distance from the router is about 6m through three walls. Speed on LG 26-32 Mb/s.

Hello. 6 meters from the router to the TV is not much. A keenetic router usually “breaks through” a solid wall normally. If there are 2 main walls on the way, I don’t know, I haven’t tried it, there may be a problem with signal transmission.
The problem with the picture freezing most likely does not arise due to the distance from the router to the TV. It’s just that before you bought a new TV, the signal from your router only went to 1 TV, but now it goes to 2 TVs. The signal and its speed are now divided in half. If both TVs are working at the same time, then the Internet speed from the provider may not be enough. More often than not, it will be the TV that is located far away that will react to the lack of speed.
Try not using the new TV and see how the old TV behaves. If the freezing on the old TV stops, then the problem is that there is not enough power of the router or Internet speed from the provider to service 2 TVs at the same time. TV is a serious load on the Internet. And 2 TVs are even more serious. Most likely, it’s still not enough speed from the provider, and not the power of the router; keenetic can’t handle anything like that.
For 2 TVs, it is better if an optical fiber goes from the provider to the apartment, rather than a wire. I don't know how it is with you. If a wire comes from the provider, then, I repeat, there may not be enough speed (power) for 2 TVs. The carrying capacity of the wire is much less than that of optical fiber.
If the problem is the Internet speed from the provider, then you can try changing the tariff to the one with higher speed, even on a wire (but it will be more expensive).
Or you can try to adjust the quality on a second TV remote from the router - reduce the picture quality if the TV settings allow this. Then the amount of Internet traffic consumed by the second TV may decrease, and freezes may stop (there will be no need to change the tariff and no need to pay more). At least on a computer, if you watch TV on it, reducing the picture quality helps eliminate freezing of TV programs.
Wired connections are always faster than radio communications. Fiber optic connections are even faster. This has to do with the way signals are transmitted. By radio is one way, by wire is another way, and by fiber optic is a third way. Every time the connection gets faster and faster.
The signal strength of a wireless connection, of course, matters. But not everything depends on signal strength. There may be a strong signal, but at the same time a poor connection, for example, if a lot of users are simultaneously connected to the radio channel and are actively “downloading” information, for example, watching videos. Or the signal is strong, but at the other end the provider, say, has problems with the server for connecting to the Internet, and here again a strong signal will not help much.

Despite the fact that Wi-Fi became widespread not so long ago, it was created already in 1991. If we talk about modern times, now you won’t surprise anyone with the presence of a WiFi access point in an apartment. The advantages of wireless networks, especially within an apartment or office, are obvious: there is no need to use wires to organize a network, which allows you to conveniently use your mobile device anywhere in the room. At the same time, the data transfer speed in the WiFi wireless network is sufficient for almost all current tasks - browsing web pages, YouTube videos, communicating on Skype.

How to use WiFi

All you need to use WiFi is a device with a built-in or connected wireless communication module, as well as an access point. Access points can be password protected or open access (free wifi), and the latter are found in large quantities cafes, restaurants, hotels, shopping centers and other public places - this greatly simplifies the use of the Internet on your device and allows you not to pay for GPRS or 3G traffic from your cellular operator.

To organize an access point at home, you will need a WiFi router - an inexpensive device (the price of a router for use in an apartment or small office is about $40) designed for organizing a wireless network. After setup WiFi router for your Internet provider, as well as setting the necessary security parameters, which will not allow third parties to use your network, you will receive a properly working wireless network in your apartment. This will allow you to access the Internet from most of the modern devices mentioned above.

Last winter, specialists from Avast conducted an experiment on participants at Mobile World Congress. They created three open Wi-Fi points near the stand for registration of exhibition visitors at the airport and called them the standard names “Starbucks”, “MWC Free WiFi” and “Airport_Free_Wifi_AENA”. In 4 hours, 2000 people connected to them.

A report was made based on the results of the experiment. Specialists were able to analyze the traffic of all these people and find out what sites they visited. The study also allowed find out personal information 63% of participants: logins, passwords, email addresses, etc. And the victims would never have known that their data fell into the hands of someone else if the experts from Avast had not revealed their secret

Most of those who joined were tech-savvy people. After all, they came to an international IT exhibition. But for some reason they did not take any measures on self-defense while using public Wi-Fi.

Below you will find out what the risks of connecting to free Wi-Fi can be and how to protect yourself when using it. Let's start by listing the most common dangers.

Danger No. 1. Traffic analysis

The owner of a Wi-Fi point or the person who has gained access to it can view all the traffic that passes through it. And using a data packet analyzer (for example, Wireshark or CommView) to find out which pages people accessed from connected devices and what they entered into forms on sites that use the http protocol. This could be login information, texts of letters, messages on forums.

You can also use a traffic analyzer to steal a cookie with a session identifier, which can be used to log into some sites under the victim’s account.

In 2017, most sites use the secure https protocol, through which logins and passwords are transmitted in encrypted form. And they cannot be recognized in the manner described above. But this does not mean that they cannot be stolen using a Wi-Fi network.

Danger No. 2. “Fake” pages to steal passwords

When a person connects to Wi-Fi in a public place, he can be directed to a page to confirm his identity by phone number or authorization through social networks. The owner of the outlet can collect all data entered on these pages for personal use.

Also, a person who has access to managing the router can configure, for example, redirection from facebook.com to the website facebb00k.com, where a copy will be posted home page a popular social network designed to steal passwords.

Danger No. 3. Malware infection

In the same way, a person can be transferred not only to phishing sites, but also to pages for downloading Trojans and viruses, which can steal from the computer a lot of information valuable to the fraudster (passwords, documents). The result depends on how much the victim cares about the security of his computer.

Now let’s figure out what the likelihood of running into problems when using public Wi-Fi is.

Are there many Wi-Fi points in Russia that are susceptible to hacking?

The website 3wifi.stascorp.com has a database of Russian Wi-Fi points (more than 3 million) that have security problems. It is collected by members of the Antichat forum using RouterScan. This program scans available routers/routers, collects information about them and identifies weakly protected devices.

The full version of the database (with passwords and other useful information) is available only by invitation. But casual site visitors can look at the map (is your router there?) and get acquainted with the statistics.

Almost 200 thousand access points do not apply any protection. The same number use the outdated WEP encryption protocol. This means that you can easily guess the password for them in 5-10 minutes.

But even among those who have enabled modern WPA2 encryption on their routers (many router models do this automatically), there are tens of thousands of people who use the passwords “12345678” or something similar that was in the default settings.

Many people have WPS enabled - a mechanism for quickly setting up a router using a PIN code, which is also often a standard combination. And this makes it possible for “leftist” people to use their equipment.

Selecting a password for a Wi-Fi point

Even if a person replaces the standard router password/PIN code from WPS with “12345678” or “26031993”, this does not increase the degree of protection against cyber fraudsters. After all, such combinations can be found in a few hours or even faster if the password is very simple or is on the list of frequently used ones.

Creating fake access points

In the fall of 2015, after the terrorist attacks in Paris, someone created a copy of the “Mos_Metro_Free” access point in the Moscow metro. Some metro passengers connected to it instead of the main point and, instead of the standard advertising welcome page, saw a website with the logo of a terrorist organization banned in Russia.

Using programs freely available on the Internet (for example, the airbase-ng utility), you can create a copy of any access point. And if the “fake” signal is stronger than the original, then all devices that are configured to automatically connect to the original access point will connect to the “copy”. And on them it will be possible to perform all the actions described at the beginning of the article.

Stealing passwords from an access point using a copy of it

Fake access points can be used not only to deceive users, but also to steal router passwords. For example, using the Wifiphisher tool, which appeared a couple of years ago.

When the victim connects to the fake access point, he is redirected to the same fake “admin page”, where he is asked to enter the password for the router in order to download new firmware.

If the owner falls for it, then there will be no need to search :-)

What equipment is needed to “hack” Wi-Fi?

In the article about the dangers of free Wi-Fi, there are often pictures of a man with black tights on his head, a laptop and a huge antenna hiding under a table in a cafe. But in reality, this process is invisible to outsiders.

Kali Linux, a distribution with a pre-installed set of tools for attacking different systems(including Wi-Fi networks) can be installed on the simplest laptop and even on an Android smartphone. It even has a version of KaliNetHunter specially adapted for Google Nexus devices.

If you buy an external Wi-Fi adapter for your smartphone, you can use it to perform all the steps described above. And do it so that no one around you notices it.

There are also various applications for amateur Wi-Fi hacking for Android. For example, DroidSheep (in the second screen), DroidSniff, FaceNiff, etc. They can view the traffic of the network to which the phone is connected and steal session identifier cookies from poorly protected sites. About 5-6 years ago, using them you could even log into someone else’s VK account (now the security level is social networks got up a lot).

Or WPSConnect to check whether the point has one of the standard WPS PIN codes.

From what distance can you “hack” Wi-Fi?

Even if a Wi-Fi point is used in a closed room, to which only your own people have access, this does not mean that you can not think about its security.

The term wardriving appeared in the USA about 15 years ago. Roughly speaking, this is driving around the city in a car, inside of which is a laptop with special software and a powerful Wi-Fi antenna.

The goal of this activity is to look for potentially vulnerable access points in your city and “hack” them. The radius of the impact zone can reach several hundred meters. The exact value depends on the power of the scammers’ equipment and the density of the area.

There is another way to get to hard-to-reach Wi-Fi points.

Three years ago, researcher Gene Bransfield introduced WarKitteh (microcontroller (SparkCore) + WiFi module + battery + GPS module, see picture 2). This device can be attached to a cat or dog and allow the animal to wander into the area where you need to access Wi-Fi hotspots.

Cases of wardriving using drones have also been described.

How popular is the topic of Wi-Fi hacking?

The opportunity to use the Internet for free and view other people's traffic interests many people around the world. Hundreds of thousands, perhaps even millions, of articles have been written about various approaches to achieving these goals. It is possible that one of them is now being read by one of the residents of your house.

And he doesn’t need to have any unique skills to accomplish his plans. After all, Wi-Fi hacking is relative simple task, if the owner of the router did not think about security (disabled WPS, updated the firmware in time, came up with a strong password).

An anecdote on the topic: “The Internet stopped working. How to quietly hint to the irresponsible neighbors above that it’s already the first day?”

How to protect yourself when connecting to unknown Wi-Fi networks

Follow standard and well-known online safety rules:

1. Use a VPN to encrypt traffic. You can read more about this here

In this article we would like to tell you what WiFi technology is and how wireless Internet access is achieved using Wi-Fi routers. Nowadays, almost every person has the Internet at home. The Internet can be connected on a smartphone, tablet, laptop and other devices that a person uses outside the apartment (at work, on the road, etc.).

So, what is WiFi technology? There are quite a few ways to connect to the Internet, but general view The network can be classified into wired and wireless connection technologies. In the first case, the connection occurs using an optical or network cable (you can find out at the link). In the second case, various wireless data transmission channels are used, for example, GPRS, 3G/4G and Wi-Fi. This article will focus on the process of connecting devices via a Wi-Fi network. We will also describe the operating principle of a Wi-Fi router.

What is a Wi-Fi router and why is it needed?

In simple terms, Wi-Fi is a connection organized through a special radio channel (it is through it that all data is transmitted from one device to another). On many modern laptops and tablets you can see the corresponding sticker. Having noticed it, users think that together with this device they will immediately buy the Internet (they will not have to connect it separately and pay money for it).

In reality, things are a little different. A sticker or “Wi-Fi” icon on a laptop only means that there is a module inside it that can receive the corresponding signal from another device. That device, in turn, must also take this signal from somewhere, for example, from a fixed access point or from a wired channel of an Internet provider. As for stationary Wi-Fi points, they are most often created in crowded places, in some public institutions (thereby attracting people to these institutions). A public hotspot is usually free, meaning it can be used by everyone without exception.

Also, an ordinary Wi-Fi router (or, as it is also called, a router) can be an Internet access point. Outwardly, it looks like a small box with antennas sticking up. To put it simply, the router’s task is to receive a wired signal (wired Internet) and distribute it over several routes. Each route is intended for a separate device, for example, a desktop computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet computer, etc. Any modern Wi-Fi router can encrypt the network using various types of encryption: WEP, TKIP, CKIP, WPA And WPA2. If you are interested in the topic of setting up and connecting WiFi, we recommend reading our following instructions:

As you can see, wireless connectivity options are great and we have a lot useful instructions for setting up WiFi at home. Let's continue our story about the main culprit - the router. Accordingly, the input connector of the router is the LAN port. This is where the internet cable is inserted. The output connectors are also LAN ports. As a rule, one router has about 4-6 standard LAN ports. Through them, all external wired devices are connected - PC, laptop, game console or something else. In addition, you can use a wireless Wi-Fi connection to connect devices (which is why the Wi-Fi prefix is present in the name of the router).

The total number of devices connected to the “box” can be quite large; for example, you can connect several laptops, smartphones, and tablets at once. When connecting new devices, you need to remember one important thing - on those devices that are already connected, there will be a commensurate decrease. Let's say only one desktop PC is connected to the WiFi router.

In this case, the Internet speed will be maximum (in relation to your tariff plan). If you connect another computer or laptop and use the Internet on it, the speed on both devices will be distributed evenly. If you connect a tablet or laptop, the speed on each device, subject to simultaneous use, will drop even more. That is, a drop in speed will be a significant drawback in the case when several devices are used at the same time, and the overall Internet speed is not too high. In other cases, you can somehow adapt.

When connecting and initially setting up a WiFi router, you may not specify the addresses of specific devices to which the wireless signal will be transmitted. In this case, the router will distribute IP addresses dynamically (based on which specific devices are connected). However, it is best to specify addresses and allow connections only for certain devices, for example, your computer and phone. This can be done by creating a password for the network. It’s not difficult and will take a minimum of time. If you don’t have a password, your network can be used by neighbors above and below, random passers-by on the street, etc. The more “left” devices connect to the network, the slower the Internet speed on your devices will be.

That's it for our story about wireless Wi-Fi technology finished. We hope that now you understand what WiFi is and why you need a Wi-Fi router. If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments.