is the story of a freedom-loving highlander who was locked in a monastery during his childhood, deprived of his freedom and free life. - hero work of the same name, who went against everything, who did not accept his destiny and ran away. He fled to freedom, to freedom.
What did Mtsyri learn in three days?
The hero was free for three days, after which, having gotten lost, he again found himself wounded in the monastery. There he voiced his speech to the monk. This speech became a kind of his. And the hero began with the words: Do you want to know what I saw in freedom?
So what did Mtsyri see during his three days of freedom? What did the hero learn during these precious days?
First of all, he lived in freedom, but did not exist. The days of absolute freedom gave me the opportunity to reveal myself and my character. In freedom, the young man remembered his life outside the monastery, his childhood, his parents, his people. He remembered his native land, his homeland, where he would be a real warrior: a strong and brave man.
Outside the Mtsyri Monastery, he managed to find the answer to his question: Is the land behind the walls beautiful? As it turned out, yes. Beautiful. Moreover, all the nature surrounding a person is beautiful, where nothing suppresses anyone. Everything around lives its own life: birds sing songs, streams flow, trees rustle, animals hunt, gardens bloom. Beautiful mountain landscapes stretched out before him - forests, fields, mountain ranges. So a person was born in order to be free, so that no one and nothing would impose their opinions, foundations and views on him. A person was born to live in freedom, and this is the only way he will be happy.
Mtsyri's character in three days
During the three days of freedom, the character of the main character was fully revealed. We saw a powerful personality ready to confront the world. This is a person who is ready to achieve his goal, even sacrificing his own life. Mtsyri revealed himself strong to us, a purposeful person, who was not afraid of either a thunderstorm or the unknown. This is a man who really wanted to return home.
Remembering his wanderings in the mountains, the young man does not stop polemics with his ideological opponent: a thunderstorm is not a sign of “the wrath of God,” but boundless happiness, a native element for a soul engulfed in a storm of emotions (Chapter 8). Female beauty is not the embodiment of the evil principle, sinfulness, but the highest harmony, rejected by the young man only because he devoted his life to other goals. The episode of the meeting with the leopard (chapters 15-19) becomes a hymn to strength, courage, and resistance to hostile circumstances:
– ...a triumphant enemy
- He met death face to face,
- As a fighter should do in battle!
Of course, this is about a dead leopard. But in the chased lines that sound like an aphorism, - life credo hero. And, isn’t it, proudly, “having gathered the rest of his strength,” boldly looking death in the face, Mtsyri himself dies? Yes, it’s hard for a young man to say goodbye to life. He bitterly (and unfairly!) blames himself for his inability to achieve the desired freedom. The final mournful lines of the poem resonate with pain in the hearts of readers. But, physically broken (“The prison has left its mark on me...”), the hero discovers enormous power spirit; until the last moments he remains faithful to his ideal. Any thought of heavenly harmony is alien to him;
- Alas! - in a few minutes
– Between steep and dark rocks,
- Where I played as a child,
- I would trade heaven and eternity...
Dying, but not conquered, he forever remains in our minds as a symbol of courage and will. So, the main part of the poem is a dialogue-argument, a clash of opposing views on life, a clash of worldviews. On the one hand, humility, passivity, fear of shocks and storms, rejection of earthly joys and pitiful hopes for heavenly paradise. On the other hand, there is a thirst for storms, anxiety, battle, struggle, a passion for freedom, a deeply poetic perception of nature and beauty, a desire for the joys and sufferings of earthly life, a protest against church and any other slavery, a rebellion against orders sanctified by the name of God. The reader draws our attention to the power and richness of the pictures of Caucasian nature drawn by the poet, enhancing the impression of the extraordinary figure of the hero, shedding light on his attitude to the world (for example, chapter 6) and helping to understand him psychological state in various circumstances (for example, chapters 11 and 22, question 7).
Mtsyri's story is not a narrative about events unfolding now, but memories of what has been experienced. These memories are naturally colored by the feelings that the hero experiences at the time of the story. Mtsyri, as it were, reconsiders, reevaluates what he has seen and experienced and chooses the most impressive colors to recreate pictures of Caucasian nature and express his feelings. Readers know that the young man was faced not only with the beauty of the world around him, but also with the terrible and ugly in it; nature was not only favorable, but also merciless to him. Why, when speaking generally about what he saw (“Do you want to know what I saw in freedom?”), Mtsyri paints a picture of Caucasian nature in joyful colors? Why is the valley, which appears before us at the end of his story as a scorched desert (chapter 22), in chapter 6, at the beginning of the story, when the hero conveys only the most general and main impressions of what he saw, depicted completely differently:
-...Lush fields,
– Hills covered with a crown
- Trees growing all around,
- Noisy with a fresh crowd... etc.?
We come to the conclusion that this was precisely his main impression from what he experienced, that, despite all the sorrows he experienced, Mtsyri became firmly convinced that the world is beautiful. The power and grandeur of Caucasian nature corresponded to the spiritual strength of the hero, his love of freedom and fiery feeling. And the experiences of the three-day wanderings seemed to smooth out, faded in the rays of freedom, which Mtsyri felt, at least for a short moment.
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The hero of the poem is a powerful personality, opposing the world around him, challenging it. The action takes place in the Caucasus, among the free and powerful Caucasian nature, kindred to the hero’s soul. Mtsyri values freedom most of all and does not accept life “half-heartedly”:
Such two lives in one.
But only full of anxiety,
I would trade it if I could.
Time in the monastery was for him only a chain of tedious hours, intertwined into days, years... Three days of freedom became true life:
You want to know what I did
Free? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age.
These three days of complete, absolute freedom allowed Mtsyri to get to know himself. He remembered his childhood: suddenly pictures of his infancy appeared to him, his homeland came to life in his memory:
And I remembered my father's house,
The gorge is ours and all around
A scattered village in the shadows...
He saw the “lifelike” faces of his parents, sisters, and fellow villagers...
Mtsyri lived his whole life in three days. He was a child in his parents' home, a dearly loved son and brother; he was a warrior and a hunter, fighting with a leopard; was a timid young man in love, looking in delight at the “Maiden of the Mountains.” He was in every way a true son of his land and his people:
... yes, the hand of fate
I was led in a different direction...
But now I'm sure
What could happen in the land of our fathers
Not one of the last daredevils.
In three days in freedom, Mtsyri received an answer to a question that had long tormented him:
Find out if the earth is beautiful
Find out for freedom or prison
We were born into this world.
Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of the young man’s story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to a world full of colors and sounds, joy. When Mtsyri talks about nature, the thought of will does not leave him: everyone in this natural world exists freely, no one suppresses the other: gardens bloom, streams make noise, birds sing, etc. This confirms the hero in the thought that man is also born for will, without which there can be neither happiness nor life itself.
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“Do you want to know what I saw / When I was free?” - this is how Mtsyri, the hero of M. Lermontov’s poem of the same name, begins his confession. While still a very small child, he was locked in a monastery, where he spent all his conscious years of life, never seeing big world And real life. But before his tonsure, the young man decides to escape, and a huge world opens up before him. For three days in freedom, Mtsyri gets to know this world, trying to make up for everything previously missed, and the truth is that he learns more during this time than others do in their entire lives.
What does Mtsyri see in freedom? The first thing he feels is joy and admiration from the nature he sees, which seems incredibly beautiful to the young man. Indeed, he has something to admire, because in front of him are luxurious Caucasian landscapes. “Lush fields”, a “fresh crowd” of trees, “bizarre, dream-like” mountain ranges, a “white caravan” of cloud birds - everything attracts Mtsyri’s curious gaze. His heart becomes “light, I don’t know why,” and the most precious memories awaken in him, which he was deprived of in captivity. Pictures of childhood and native village, close and familiar people pass before the hero’s inner gaze. Here the sensitive and poetic nature of Mtsyri is revealed, who sincerely responds to the call of nature and opens up to meet it. It becomes clear to the reader watching the hero that he belongs to those natural people who prefer communication with nature to rotation in society, and their soul has not yet been spoiled by the falsehood of this society. The portrayal of Mtsyri in this way was especially important for Lermontov for two reasons. Firstly, the classic romantic hero should have been characterized in this way, as a person close to wildlife. And, secondly, the poet contrasts his hero with his environment, the so-called generation of the 1830s, most of whom were empty and unprincipled young people. For Mtsyri, three days of freedom became a whole life, full of events and internal experiences, while Lermontov’s acquaintances complained of boredom and wasted their lives in salons and at balls.
Mtsyri continues on his way, and other pictures open up before him. Nature reveals itself in all its formidable power: lightning, rain, the “threatening abyss” of the gorge and the noise of the stream, similar to “angry hundreds of voices.” But there is no fear in the fugitive’s heart; such nature is even closer to Mtsyri: “I, like a brother, would be glad to embrace the storm!” For this, a reward awaits him: the voices of heaven and earth, “shy birds,” grass and stones - everything surrounding the hero becomes clear to him. Mtsyri is ready to experience amazing moments of communication with living nature, dreams and hopes in the midday heat under the incredibly clear - such that one could even see an angel - sky. So he again feels life and its joy in himself.
Against the backdrop of beautiful mountain landscapes His love, a young Georgian girl, also appears before Mtsyri. Its beauty is harmonious and combines all the best natural colors: the mysterious blackness of the nights and the gold of the day. Mtsyri, living in a monastery, dreamed of his homeland, and that is why he does not succumb to the temptation of love. The hero goes forward, and then nature turns to him with its second face.
Night is coming, the cold and impenetrable night of the Caucasus. Only the light of a lonely saklya glows faintly somewhere in the distance. Mtsyri recognizes hunger and feels loneliness, the same one that tormented him in the monastery. And the forest stretches on and on, surrounds Mtsyri with an “impenetrable wall,” and he realizes that he is lost. Nature, so friendly to him during the day, suddenly turns into a terrible enemy, ready to lead the fugitive astray and laugh cruelly at him. Moreover, she, in the guise of a leopard, directly stands in Mtsyri’s path, and he has to fight with an equal creature for the right to continue his journey. But thanks to this, the hero learns a hitherto unknown joy, the joy of honest competition and the happiness of a worthy victory.
It is not difficult to guess why such metamorphoses occur, and Lermontov puts the explanation into the mouth of Mtsyri himself. “That heat is powerless and empty, / A game of dreams, a disease of the mind” - this is how the hero responds about his dream of returning home to the Caucasus. Yes, for Mtsyri his homeland means everything, but he, who grew up in prison, will no longer be able to find a way to it. Even a horse that has thrown its rider returns home,” Mtsyri exclaims bitterly. But he himself, grown in captivity, like a weak flower, lost that natural instinct that unmistakably suggested the path, and got lost. Mtsyri is delighted with nature, but he is no longer her child, and she rejects him, like a flock of weak and sick animals rejects him. The heat scorches the dying Mtsyri, a snake rustles past him, a symbol of sin and death, it rushes and jumps “like a blade,” and the hero can only watch this game...
Mtsyri was free for only a few days, and he had to pay for them with death. And yet they were not fruitless, the hero learned the beauty of the world, love, and the joy of battle. That’s why these three days are more valuable for Mtsyri than the rest of his existence:
You want to know what I did
Free? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier...
Work test
Composition
First question: the purpose of Mtsyri’s escape. Mtsyri fled to “find out whether the earth is beautiful,” “to find out whether we will be born into this world for freedom or prison,” and to “go to our native country.” What did Mtsyri see? The answer is in stanzas 6, half of the 9th, 10th and 11th. Having escaped during a thunderstorm, Mtsyri saw a world that had previously been closed from him by the monastery walls. That’s why he peers so greedily at every picture that opens to him, so carefully notes everything he sees, and then talks so enthusiastically about nature. It is impossible not to recognize the unique Caucasian landscape in the pictures described by the hero. We see the relief of the Caucasus: “lush fields”, hills with tall grasses, mountain ranges and rocks, gorges and abysses, streams and turbulent streams. We learn about the vegetation of Georgia: about the tall grasses of its valleys (stanza 9), about rich vineyards (stanza 11), about thorns tangled with ivy and dense eternal forests (stanza 15).
The nature that amazed Mtsyri is not silent: either the noise of a mountain stream is heard, or the rustling of damp leaves agitated by the wind, or the singing of birds can be heard in the foggy silence, or the cry of a jackal is heard. The appearance of a picture of Caucasian nature in Mtsyri’s story is motivated by the fact that the hero fled from the monastery to see the world, to find out what it is like. The landscape in the poem is important as a specific picture of this world, as a background against which the action unfolds, but at the same time it helps to reveal the character of the hero, that is, it turns out to be one of the ways of creating romantic image. Mtsyri's personality and character are reflected in what pictures attract him and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness and diversity of nature, contrasting with the monotony of the monastery environment. And in close attention with which the hero looks at the world, one can feel his love for life, for everything beautiful in it, sympathy for all living things.
Every manifestation of life pleases the young man, although he does not speak about it directly. When he remembers the animals he met in the mountains, he has special, as if specially chosen words (“the birds are singing,” the jackal is “crying like a child,” the snake glides, “playing and basking”). Mtsyri perceives nature as it is. He sees in it both serene, almost idyllic pictures, when the world seems to him “God’s garden,” and menacing, harsh: “piles of dark rocks,” separated by a stream and stone embraces stretched out in the air, scary forest. He enjoys the splendor of the summer morning, sees the transparent blue sky Georgia, but he also remembers the withering midday heat in the mountains, and the black nights, when the world becomes dark and silent. This inconsistency does not frighten the young man; it does not blind him to the harmony that exists in nature. And the fact that Mtsyri knows how to perceive nature in its entirety speaks of the hero’s spiritual breadth.
In Mtsyri's story, nature does not appear as something abstract, it is concrete and visible. But at the same time, it is not difficult to see that the very selection of paintings and depictions is unique. Attention is drawn to what speaks of the beauty of nature, its greatness, grandeur; real pictures are not embellished, but from what is seen, only that which confirms the hero’s thoughts about the perfection of the natural world is drawn. Therefore, the landscape in “Mtsyri”, despite its truthfulness and concreteness, cannot be called realistic. Real pictures appear in a romantic light through the perception of the hero. The romanticism of the landscape is enhanced by the fact that Mtsyri, speaking about what he has seen in nature, strives to convey his impression of it. This adds emotionality to the description of nature. Concrete images lose their real outlines and acquire a slightly abstract emotional pattern. Epithets play a significant role in creating ideas about objects and natural phenomena. Often it is thanks to them that the real image appears in a new quality. In most cases, epithets have a pronounced emotional character: “burning abyss”, “angry shaft”, “ magical voices", etc. Even in cases where the epithet emphasizes the attribute of an object, it does not lose emotional coloring. For example, “transparent green leaves” is a realistic image, and at the same time it is emotionally rich, giving the impression of youth, freshness, and purity.
The emotionality of images is often enhanced by comparisons. For example, “ridges as weird as dreams”; trees rustling “in a crowd, like brothers in a circle dance,” etc. It is characteristic that these comparisons are not born by chance; they reveal life experience, and the presentation of the hero. “Like brothers in a circular dance” - an image inspired by Mtsyri’s vague memories of his childhood in his native village; “bizarre, like dreams” - an image associated with monastic life: in cramped, gloomy cells, dreams seem fantastic, bizarre.
Lermontov does not strive for original visual means; he often uses familiar ones that have developed in romantic literature and oral folk poetry. From here large number such ordinary comparisons as “slim as a poplar”, “burning like a diamond”, “crying like a child”, etc. and such epithets as “free youth”, “greedy embrace”, “holy homeland”. But they enhance the expressiveness of the hero’s monologue and the excitement of the overall tone of the poem. Observations on character visual arts in the poem, accumulating students’ ideas about the features of the romantic style, they help to more clearly understand the hero’s attitude to the world that revealed itself to him during his wanderings.
Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, and experienced the joy of communicating with it. Getting to know the world gave Mtsyri the answer to the first question, “is the earth beautiful?” Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of the young man’s story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, gives Mtsyri the answer to the second question: then man was created, why does he live? Man is born for freedom, not for prison - this is the conclusion. In freedom, a person is happy, and Mtsyri calls the three days spent outside the monastery “blessed”; he says that his life without these days
* Ø “I would be sadder and gloomier than powerless old age”
Mtsyri’s feeling of happiness is caused not only by what he saw, but also by what he managed to accomplish.