The question of the goal and the means to achieve it has worried humanity since ancient times. Many writers, philosophers and public figures reflected on it and gave historical, life and literary arguments to prove their point of view. In the Russian classics, there were also many answers and examples that, as a rule, prove the statement that the paths of achievement must correspond in everything to what needs to be achieved, otherwise it loses all meaning. In this collection we have listed the brightest and illustrative examples from Russian literature for the final essay in the direction of “Goals and Means”.
- In Pushkin's novel " Captain's daughter“The main character always chose the right path to achieve goals, however, no less noble. Thanks to this, from an unintelligent nobleman, Grinev turns into a sincere officer, ready to sacrifice his life in the name of duty. Having sworn allegiance to the empress, he honestly serves, defending the fortress, and even death at the hands of rebel robbers does not frighten him. Just as honestly, he sought Masha’s favor, and achieved it. The opposite of Pyotr Grinev in the novel - Shvabrin - on the contrary, uses any means to achieve the goal, choosing the most vile of them. Having set out on the path of betrayal, he pursues personal gain, demands reciprocity from Masha, without hesitating to denigrate her in the eyes of Peter. In choosing goals and means, Alexey is driven by spiritual cowardice and self-interest, because he is devoid of ideas about honor and conscience. Mary rejects him for this reason, because a good goal cannot be achieved by deception.
- What should be the final goal if the means to achieve it are cruelty, deception and human lives? In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" Grigory Pechorin's goals are momentary, encapsulated in the desire for momentary victories, to achieve which he chooses complex and sometimes cruel means. Hidden in his victories is a persistent search life meaning, which the hero is unable to find. In this search, he destroys not only himself, but also everyone who surrounds him - Princess Mary, Bela, Grushnitsky. To revive his own soul, he plays with the feelings of others, unwittingly becoming the cause of their misfortunes. But in the game with his own life, Grigory is hopelessly losing, losing those few people who were dear to him. “I realized that chasing lost happiness is reckless,” he says, and the goal, to achieve which so much effort and other people’s grief was put into, turns out to be illusory and unattainable.
- In the comedy A.S. Griboyedov’s “Woe from Wit”, the society in which Chatsky is forced to live lives according to market laws, where everything is bought and sold, and a person is not valuable spiritual qualities, but by the size of your wallet and career success. Nobility and duty are nothing here compared to the importance of rank and title. That is why Alexander Chatsky turns out to be misunderstood and not accepted into a circle where mercantile goals dominate, justifying any means.
He gets into a fight with Famusovsky society, challenges Molchalin, who resorts to deception and hypocrisy in order to get a high position. Even in love, Alexander turns out to be a loser, because he does not defile the goal with vile means, he refuses to squeeze the breadth and nobility of his heart into the narrow framework of generally accepted and vulgar concepts with which Famusov’s house is replete. - A person is valuable by his deeds. But his deeds, even if subordinated to a high goal, do not always turn out to be good. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's “Crime and Punishment” Rodion Raskolnikov decides for himself an important question from a moral point of view: does the end justify the means? Can he, according to his theory, dispose of people's lives at his own discretion?
The answer lies in the title of the novel: Raskolnikov’s mental anguish, after the atrocity he committed, proves that his calculation was incorrect and his theory was erroneous. A goal based on unjust and inhumane means depreciates itself and becomes a crime for which sooner or later one must be punished. - In the novel M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Flows the Flow" the fate of the heroes is swept away by the revolutionary elements. Grigory Melekhov, who sincerely believes in a happy and wonderful communist future, is ready to give his life for the well-being and prosperity of his native land. But in the context of life, bright revolutionary ideas turn out to be untenable and dead. Gregory understands that the struggle between whites and reds, seemingly aimed at a “beautiful tomorrow,” in fact represents violence and reprisals against the helpless and dissenters. Brilliant slogans turn out to be deception, and behind the lofty goal hides the cruelty and arbitrariness of the means. The nobility of his soul does not allow him to come to terms with the evil and injustice that he observes around him. Tormented by doubts and contradictions, Gregory is trying to find the only correct path that will allow him to live honestly. He is unable to justify the numerous murders committed in the name of a ghostly idea that he no longer believes in.
- A. Solzhenitsyn’s novel “The Gulag Archipelago” - a study related to political history The USSR, according to Solzhenitsyn, is an “experience of artistic research”, in which the author analyzes the history of the country - a utopia, building an ideal world on the ruins human lives, numerous victims and lies disguised as humane goals. The price for the illusion of happiness and peace, in which there is no place for individuality and dissent, turns out to be too high. The problems of the novel are diverse, since they include many questions of a moral nature: is it possible to justify evil in the name of good? What unites victims and their executioners? Who is responsible for mistakes made? Supported by rich biographical and research material, the book leads the reader to the problem of ends and means, convincing him that one does not justify the other.
- It is human nature to seek happiness as the main meaning of life, its highest goal. For her sake, he is ready to use any means, but does not understand that this is unnecessary. The main character of the story V.M. Shukshin “Boots” - to Sergei Dukhanin - manifestations of tender feelings are not at all easy, because he is not used to unjustified tenderness and is even ashamed of it. But the desire to please someone close to him, the desire for happiness, pushes him to spend a lot. The money spent on buying an expensive gift turns out to be an unnecessary sacrifice, because his wife only needed attention. Generosity and the desire to give warmth and care fill the somewhat coarsened but still sensitive soul of the hero with happiness, which, as it turns out, is not so difficult to find.
- In the novel by V.A. Kaverin's "Two Captains" the problem of ends and means is revealed in the confrontation between two characters - Sanya and Romashka. Each of them is driven by their own goals, each of them decides what is really important to them. In search of solutions, their paths diverge, fate pits them against each other in a duel that determines the moral guidelines of each, proves the noble strength of one, and the vile baseness of the other. Sanya is driven by honest, sincere aspirations; he is ready to take a difficult but direct path to find out the truth and prove it to others. Chamomile pursues small goals, achieving them in no less petty ways: lies, betrayal and hypocrisy. Each of them is experiencing the painful problem of choice, in which it is so easy to lose yourself and those you truly love.
- A person does not always clearly understand his goal. In the Roman L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky is in search of himself and his place in life. His shaky life guidelines are influenced by fashion, society, and the opinions of friends and relatives. He is delirious of glory and military exploits, dreams of making a career in the service, but not just rising to high ranks, but gaining eternal glory as a winner and hero. He goes to war, the cruelties and horrors of which instantly showed him all the absurdity and illusory nature of his dreams. He is not ready, like Napoleon, to follow the bones of soldiers to glory. The desire to live and do wonderful life other people set new goals for Bolkonsky. Meeting Natasha instills love in his soul. However, in a moment that requires his perseverance and understanding, he gives in under the weight of circumstances and abandons his love. He is again tormented by doubts about the correctness of his own goals, and only before his death Andrei understands that the best moments of life, its great gifts are contained in love, forgiveness and compassion.
- Character makes a person. He defines it life goals and landmarks. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev’s problem of the goal and the means to achieve it is considered by the author as one of the most important, forming the young reader’s concepts of honor, duty, and truth. “The end justifies the means” is a formula unacceptable to the author. On the contrary, every person should have a goal in life, but no less important are the methods that he uses to achieve what he wants. In order to be happy and in harmony with one’s own conscience, it is necessary to make a choice in favor of spiritual values, giving preference good deeds and wonderful thoughts. Interesting? Save it on your wall!
In my understanding, determination is not just a quality that characterizes its owner as a strong-willed person who knows how to set goals and, despite life’s obstacles and difficulties, achieve them. For me, determination is something more - it is a way of thinking, akin to mental discipline, as well as the ability to move with the times and adapt to a changing picture of the world.
Any goal is a choice of a person, and this choice is often accompanied by a preference for one thing over another. For example, for the sake of career growth many donate free time, which they could spend on their family. Therefore, it is extremely important to approach goal setting and, at the initial stage, to calculate all possible ways to achieve it.
Each person has his own goals and dreams, but it is not them that characterize him, but the ways of achieving them. There are people who dream while lying on the couch, but do not even try to take any steps to realize their goals. The presence of perseverance and an unyielding will distinguishes goal-oriented people from ordinary dreamers.
Olympic athletes are striking examples of purposeful people. They work all their lives to get medals, giving up many of life's blessings. They get up and fall, get up again and go to the intended goal, get injured, wash their hands bloody, but do not give up on their dreams. These are people with strong character, high levels of discipline and willpower.
It is not necessary to set ambitious goals for yourself, often because the bar is too high and the inability to solve complex tasks, people give up, start looking for someone to blame and even become depressed. To begin with, you can set small tasks that you are confident in solving. For example, you want to become opera singer, but you do not have talent and ability for music - in this case, the goal is not feasible and, accordingly, is doomed to failure.
I am also moving towards my goals, and I thank my parents for supporting my interests and my choice. Now the main goal is to enter the university at the Faculty of International Relations, and for my part I am doing everything possible to realize this goal. The profession I have chosen is one of the most responsible, but I believe in my success!
Option 2
Determination is when with every step you get closer and closer to your goal. Determination is a quality given to a few, but it is thanks to it that they achieve success. If a person, without looking back, goes towards his goal, then all doors open to him.
A purposeful person works towards his goal and does everything to ultimately win. Purposeful people are the strongest, they are very difficult to break, they silently, gritting their teeth, continue to strive for victory. Their moral strength is unshakable and this is very good.
Absolutely each of us has some kind of goal, but not everyone can go towards it continuously, despite the pain, bitterness of failures and defeats. Most people give up, give up on their dreams, because they lack the strength of character. A purposeful person has a road along which he walks without changing his path.
Purposeful people love their life, the business they are engaged in, they are not discouraged by the meanness that life gives us, they like the very feeling of how you are moving towards your goal. They consider life itself a game in which it is simply necessary to emerge victorious.
I've met some truly goal-oriented people in my life. They loved study and sports, but they also had a business in which they were most interested and most extensively. They gave themselves completely to him, even if it was insignificant. One of my friends, thanks to his efforts, began to receive a large income from working on the Internet. He went to this for a very long time, spent a lot of money, effort, and in the end - he is doing his job, which he really likes, which he considers his favorite thing.
I believe that determination is very good, I want everyone to have the opportunity to achieve their goal, their dream. After all, a person who is ready to overcome any obstacles can overcome himself. Such a person is always very strong in spirit and, most importantly, he does not stop there. After all, he believes that you need to overcome more and more new obstacles in order to achieve new goals, because it is too easy to set yourself a small obstacle, because if overcoming it was easy for you, then it was not an obstacle and you are capable of more. Don’t be afraid to set new goals, believe in yourself and everything will work out.
Essay What is Determination
There are many needs and goals in a person's life. Almost each of us sets goals for ourselves and tries to achieve them. Someone wants to visit many countries, someone wants to open their own business or, for example, buy a cherished car model. The path to fulfillment of desires is not always easy. Determination promotes certain actions that bring you closer to your goal. This quality also helps to get rid of difficulties that arise on the way to a dream.
Determination, without any doubt, is a positive character trait of a person. People with this quality are always in demand in society. In most vacancies, employers prescribe exactly this requirement - the ability to achieve goals.
Purposefulness is acquired during a person’s life and is not an innate quality of character. Despite this, there are not many people in the world who can attribute this trait to themselves, confirming all this with deeds. Although each of us has experience in developing this quality. From a young age, human character manifests this trait to one degree or another. For example, when a child learns to speak correctly and pronounce words, this is a fact of striving for a goal. This quality of character can be acquired by any person by motivating himself to take action, developing willpower and becoming more persistent and persistent in his affairs.
The definition of human purpose is actions and achievements. Without these achievements behind you, it cannot be said that determination is inherent in anyone. If you have skills and talents, but lack desire and perseverance, it is quite difficult to achieve fulfillment cherished desires. By improving this trait, a person lays the foundation for further developments and larger-scale achievements.
The set goal is inextricably linked with the development of determination. To develop this quality you need to start small. Having chosen an extremely desirable goal, you need to be confident in achieving the desired result and rely only on your own strengths. It is in this way that by developing the ability to achieve set goals, receiving pleasure from it and an incentive to continue moving in the right direction, you can develop this quality of character. By gradually increasing the scale of the goal, you can achieve great results.
A person without a goal becomes like a ship without sails; the current will throw him from side to side, not giving him the right to make his own choice. By following this path, you become locked into many circumstances that prevent you from becoming the master of your life and being happy. In order to prevent “losing your sails” and keep your planned course, it is very important to develop your desire for your cherished goals.
The work is the tenth chapter of the writer’s novel entitled “The Brothers Karamazov”, the main theme of which is the depiction of the relationship of the main character of the novel with the surrounding children.
The forest after the rain hides a lot of interesting things in its thickets. Where once there was a dry riverbed, now there are babbling streams. All holes on the ground are filled with water.
Every summer my family and I move to live in the village for several months. It’s a pity, of course, to leave the city where all my school friends remain, but I never ask you to leave me at home. There is nothing more beautiful than village life!
THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS
1. In the novel L.N. Tostogo's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and not one that has a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and restraint and showed themselves to be true patriots.
THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS
1. an example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine novel of the same name Charlotte Bronte. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often too demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, bright.
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev the most important life principle was honor. Even facing the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize Pugachev as sovereign. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of the impostor.
2. The problem of maintaining honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is honest and brave man. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you always need to remain honest first of all with yourself.
THE PROBLEM OF DEVOTED LOVE
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.
2. Selfless love- one of the themes of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites the finished chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. A woman sees her destiny in this.
THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows the long path to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of “permitting blood according to conscience,” the main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.
THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
1. In the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life was to accumulate wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
2. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace,” Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov main character refuses social life and devotes himself entirely to his family. Natasha Rostova found her purpose in this world and became truly happy.
THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH
1. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person and shape his inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach one to think and make a person intelligent.
2. Ray Bradbury in his novel Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there are no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply unspiritual, since there is no literature that can force people to analyze, think, and make decisions.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov’s apathy and weak-willedness in adulthood.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, and love reigns in the Rostov family. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson works tirelessly. The main character rushes to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to gain the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2.
THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR
1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. was tragic. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.
2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. Further fate soldier's life turned out differently. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.
THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A PERSON IN LOVE
1. In the story by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the enemy's camp, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to take up arms against his yesterday’s comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.
2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character of P. Suskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer." Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is incapable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, creating a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to achieve his goals.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL
1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to begin collecting information proving Nikolai Antonovich’s guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov’s expedition. All of Chamomile’s actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fates of other people.
2. The action of the hero of the story by V.G. entails even deeper consequences. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but is also the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.
THE PROBLEM OF DECEITIVE APPEARANCE
1. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.
2. In Victor Hugo's novel "The Cathedral" Notre Dame of Paris"Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unsightly, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul capable of sincere love.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went on reconnaissance missions, and never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after some time, Guskov began to think about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya. The hero was tormented by pangs of conscience, but he was no longer able to change anything.
2. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve “great Germany.” His comrade Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of perseverance. Despite the unbearable pain he experienced during torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY
1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story “Woke by Nightingales” writes about a difficult boy Seluzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night the main character heard the trill of a nightingale. The wonderful sounds amazed the child and awakened his interest in creativity. Seluzhenok signed up for art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul and helps to reveal creative potential.
2. Love for his native land is the main motive of the work of the painter A.G. Venetsianova. He painted a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. “The Reapers”, “Zakharka”, “Sleeping Shepherd” - these are my favorite paintings by the artist. The life of ordinary people and the beauty of Russia’s nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood to be the most happy times. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov’s apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to awaken Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of life of his native Oblomovka forever left its mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced life path Ilya Ilyich.
2. In the poem “My Way” by S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood played an important role in his work. Once upon a time, at the age of nine, a boy inspired by the nature of his native village wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined S.A.’s life path. Yesenina.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PATH IN LIFE
1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer especially emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.
2.
From the book by M. Mirsky “Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko” I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” states that “you need to live your life with dignity so that you are not ashamed to remember.” With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and caring person.
THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY
1. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky's "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog is killed. Bima can confidently be called a true friend, devoted to his owner until the end of his days.
2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give up their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her far from her home. The collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with its former owners.
THE PROBLEM OF MASTERY IN ART
1. In the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, through his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that young pianist amazingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS
1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the main character is interested in poetry. Yuri Zhivago - witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. Thus, life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.
2. The theme of a writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The main character is a sailor who has been doing heavy lifting for many years. physical labor. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this has become main theme his creativity. Thus, life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MIND OF A PERSON
1. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of a Beethoven sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the trials she has experienced. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance and find the meaning of her future life.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat.”
THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE
1.
In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for work for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because nothing could be harder for her than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna’s love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON PEOPLE
1. In Lev Kassil’s story “The Great Confrontation,” Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. One day a girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to perform a feat.
THE PROBLEM OF Pseudoscience
1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological teaching approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. He vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and resorts to the most dishonorable acts in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists and the cessation of important research.
2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story “Candidate of Sciences” speaks out against those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and, consequently, of society as a whole. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky focuses on the need to combat false scientists.
THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE
1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin " Stationmaster» Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died from melancholy and hopelessness. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father’s grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but repentance came too late.
2. In the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at Katerina Petrovna’s grave. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.
THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
1. V.G. Rasputin, in his essay “The Eternal Field,” writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their combat comrade Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina’s son Albert returned to the site of the death of the anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.
THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE COURSE OF A GIFTED PERSON
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of selflessness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor rushed to help the sick every day, in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor earned the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite Mozart's death, his works live on and excite people's hearts.
THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. In A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “ Matrenin Dvor"depicts the life of a Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to a loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy and became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.
2. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of a Man” shows the life path of soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE HUMAN INNER WORLD
1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, hard work, and determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who give in to feelings, but is convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova “Oblomov” Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested in real life; it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov’s character.
THE PROBLEM OF TREATING PEOPLE FAIRLY
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old money-lender. The investigator is a keen expert on human psychology. He understands the motives for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in Raskolnikov’s case.
2. A.P. Chekhov, in his story “Chameleon,” introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Ochumelov’s verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The warden is not looking for justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND NATURE
1. In the story by V.P. Astafieva “Tsar Fish” Ignatyich was engaged in poaching for many years. One day, a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on his hook. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself found himself overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: “The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap.” So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her and knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin especially emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria “Casta Diva” awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov especially emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength, which seemed to all rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat.” Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.
2. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, and at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don and the steppes.
THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENT OF BOOKS BY TELEVISION
1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on mass culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was replaced by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.
2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because TV distracts people from worries and forces them to watch some program without rushing. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to people, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch” and makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE
1. The story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous and soulless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. Tragic death the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.
2. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which is about to be flooded. It’s hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions are disappearing, which over the centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY
1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls that part “stupid rabble” Russian society, who did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poems are in the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the poet’s main goal is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.
2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “At the top of his voice” sees the poet’s purpose in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon that can inspire people and motivate them to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be given up for the sake of a common great goal.
THE PROBLEM OF TEACHER'S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a village boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. While additionally studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and empathy.
2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry “ The Little Prince“The old Fox became a teacher for the main character, talking about love, friendship, responsibility, and loyalty. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only your heart is vigilant.” So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS ORPHANS
1. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all his remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life’s difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.
2. The story “The Republic of ShKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev depicts the life of students at a social and labor education school for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and took the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans and create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.
THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN WWII
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, just like men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.
2. In the story by V.A. Zakrutkin’s “Mother of Man” shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria took care of seven Leningrad orphans and replaced their mother. Tale by V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.
THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” writes with irony about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings is polluting the Russian language.
2. V. Astafiev in the story “Lyudochka” connects changes in language with the decline in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the dysfunction of society, its degradation.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION
1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right path in life and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.
2. In the story “Darwin” by E. Grishkovets, the main character, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do for the rest of his life. He realizes the “uselessness of what is happening” and refuses to study at the cultural institute when he watches a play performed by students. The young man has a firm belief that a profession should be useful and bring pleasure.
Transcript
1 “Goals and means” - arguments for the final essay According to one version, it was the founder of the Jesuit order, Ignatius de Loyola, who argued: “If the goal is the salvation of the soul, then the goal justifies the means.” This saying was the motto of the order and, accordingly, the basis of morality, according to which the Jesuits “corrected the depravity of means with purity of purpose.” The conviction that any means are justified in achieving great goals was defended by many politicians (for example, Machiavelli) and philosophers. Thus, the English materialist philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued: “Since everyone has the right to self-preservation, then everyone has the right to use all means and perform every act without which he is not able to preserve himself.” But I.S. Turgenev expressed the exact opposite opinion: “Some Jesuits argue that every means is good, as long as one achieves the goal. Not true! Not true! It is unworthy to enter a clean temple with feet defiled by the mud of the road.” So, the question of goal and means (does a good goal justify bad means of achieving it?) is not resolved unambiguously. Moreover, he seems to have two opposite correct answers, so that his positive solution for one situation may well turn out to be criminal in another. How does this work? On the one hand, we can say that joy in this world is not worth grief at all; Moreover, the joy of some is not worth the grief of others; For this reason alone, good goals do not justify cruel means, and crimes even with the best intentions (that is, perceived by the criminal as the best) remain crimes. On the other hand, if you have to weigh not joy and grief, but grief and grief, and with less grief you can avoid more, then such a goal justifies such a means, even requires it, and only a morally blind, hypocrite does not see this. These are the different answers. And the very meaning of the question of ends and means is completely different in different situations, so attempts to solve the problem posed by abstract reasoning are doomed to failure. Analysis of the relationship between ends and means makes sense only in the context of a specific situation. Everything is good, everything is evil, the difference is in the details.
2 Therefore, to answer the question supposedly stated in the topic this direction, perhaps only by turning to specific works of Russian and foreign literature. If the goal is conservation own life, i.e. self-preservation. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" The story "The Captain's Daughter" is based on real events - the Peasant War. under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. However, the most valuable thing in the story is not historical accuracy, but moral problems. The heroes find themselves in difficult situations where they need to make a choice, show cruelty or mercy, find the right way towards the set goal. The main character of the story, Pyotr Grinev, is a nobleman, an officer. In any situation, he acts with unwavering dignity and always defends his honor. The main trials in the hero's life begin on the day of the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, who called himself the legitimate Tsar Peter the Third and demanded that everyone take an oath of allegiance to him. Many defenders of the fortress preferred death to betrayal. For example, the commandant Captain Mironov fights the Pugachevites to the end and honestly fulfills his duty, remaining faithful to the oath given to him. During the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev shows strength of character, loyalty to the oath and the empress, and courage. Of course, a certain role in the fact that he was not executed along with the others was played by the hare sheepskin coat that Peter gave to the counselor on the way to the fortress. But even after the pardon, having accepted the help and patronage of Pugachev, Grinev did not change his principles: he refused to serve the impostor, refused to kiss his hand and swear allegiance. For Grinev, the desecration of noble and officer honor and violation of the military oath was much worse than death, and it is not for nothing that he tells Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” It was this moral fortitude and willingness to accept death for one’s convictions that determined Pugachev’s attitude towards Grinev. So, the most precious thing for a person is life. To preserve her goal, worthy of many sacrifices. However, for both Grinev and the majority of the defenders of the fortress, betrayal (namely, it should become the very means that justifies the goal) turned out to be impossible. Even such a goal as “self-preservation” has not become something that can justify any action.
3 However, in the work there is a hero who, in order to achieve his goals, is ready for both meanness and betrayal. This is Shvabrin, an educated young man, a nobleman and an officer. During the duel with Peter, Shvabrin, wanting to win, does not hesitate to take advantage of the ambiguity of the situation to deliver a dishonorable blow. At the first opportunity he goes over to Pugachev’s side. The concepts of honor and duty are alien to him; he tries to save his life at any cost. And for the sake of his personal goals, Shvabrin is ready to commit any dishonorable act. He betrays his oath, using force, tries to force Masha Mironova to marry, and even after the defeat of the rebels, being arrested, he slanderes Grinev. Thus, we can conclude that Shvabrin is absolutely convinced: “The end justifies the means.” But this conviction does not bring him happiness: the hero has no friends, both his own and others treat him with contempt, and at the end of the work he gets what he deserves. If the goal is to prove the correctness of one’s own beliefs, theories, principles. F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is a story about “how long and difficultly the human soul doubted, hesitated, struggled, and tossed between conscience and reason, good and evil.” On the pages of the novel, the author examines in detail the casuistry of Rodion Raskolnikov. The relationship between ends and means is an old, well-known theory. According to Raskolnikov's theory, all people are divided into two categories. Some, “ordinary” people, are obliged to live in humility, obedience and obedience; they do not have the right to transgress legal laws, because they are ordinary. These are “trembling creatures,” “material,” “not people,” as Raskolnikov calls them. Other “extraordinary” people have the right to transgress the law, to commit all sorts of atrocities, outrages, and crimes precisely because they are extraordinary. Raskolnikov speaks of them as “the people themselves,” “Napoleons,” “the engines of human history,” and argues that “ extraordinary people“can and should “transgress the laws,” but only for the sake of an idea “saving for humanity.” This is the great goal that justifies any means. Of course, when creating his theory, Raskolnikov considered himself in absentia to be “people.” But he needs to test this in practice. This is where the old pawnbroker appears. And on it the hero wants to test his calculation, his theory: “One death and a hundred lives
4 in return - but this is arithmetic! And what does the life of this consumptive, stupid and evil old woman mean on the general scale? Nothing more than the life of a louse or a cockroach, and it’s not worth it, because the old woman is harmful.” So, not having the necessary material condition, he decides to kill the moneylender and thus obtain the means to achieve his goal. And Raskolnikov at the beginning (before the crime) sincerely believes that his crime will be committed “in the name of the salvation of humanity.” Then he admits: “Freedom and power, and most importantly power! Over all the trembling creatures, over the entire anthill! That’s the goal!..” And subsequently he explains to Sonya: “I wanted to become Napoleon, that’s why I killed.” He longed to be among those to whom “everything is allowed”: “he who dares a lot has the rights.” And here is the last confession that defines his goal: “I didn’t kill to help my mother. Nonsense! I did not kill so that, having received funds and power, I could become a benefactor of humanity. Nonsense! I just killed, I killed for myself, for myself alone... I needed to find out then and quickly find out whether I was a louse, like everyone else, or a man? Will I be able to cross or not? Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right? This means that the result and means of the crime did not coincide with high goals which he proclaimed? “The end justifies the means” is Raskolnikov’s casuistry. But he did not have such a right goal. Here the end itself does not justify the means, but points to the incorrectness and worthlessness of such means and results as murder. The ideological “opponents” of Raskolnikov’s theory are Sonya, investigator Porfiry Petrovich, Razumikhin, Dunya, painter Mikolka and other heroes of the novel. For various reasons they reject the “right to blood.” Sonya Marmeladova expresses the Christian point of view on “blood according to conscience,” according to which the ban on murder is one of the main commandments of the rules of life. For Sonya, it is absolutely clear that the murder of a person cannot be justified by anything, no good goals. Therefore, when Raskolnikov confesses to her the murder and tries to explain his motives (“... if suddenly all this was given to your decision: to live this way or that way in the world, that is, should Luzhin live and do abominations, or die to Katerina Ivanovna? Then how would you decide: which of them should die?”), she does not understand these motives: “Why are you asking, what cannot be asked?.. And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?” Thus, from Sonya’s point of view, God gives life to man and only He, and not man, can take it. A similar idea was already expressed at the beginning of the novel in Marmeladov’s confession.
5 Razumikhin, together with Raskolnikov, composes the traditional fiction the antithesis of the hero is his friend, which is emphasized even by their surnames: the “split” of the soul (madness) in one, “reason” (common sense) in the other. Razumikhin rejects Raskolnikov’s entire far-fetched theory simply because the crime is contrary to common sense. Dostoevsky created a hopeless concept of the world in his novel, showing the tragic state of both society and the individual. According to the writer, resistance and violence cannot correct the world around us, the only way is humility. Dostoevsky, despite the fact that he sees all the difficult circumstances in Raskolnikov’s life and recognizes the injustice of the world around him, makes an unequivocal and decisive verdict on the “eternal” issue: “blood according to conscience” is unacceptable, because it contradicts the moral law. If the goal is personal happiness N.S. Leskov “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk District” “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk District” is a story of love passion and her dire consequences. The love of the young merchant's wife Katerina Izmailova for the clerk Sergei is insane and unrestrained, literally unrestrained by anything, unlimited. In the image of the most ordinary woman, Katerina Lvovna, who comes from an ordinary, bourgeois environment, the writer shows how the outbreak of a passionate feeling completely transforms her and she rebels against the conventions of the world in which she had previously spent her whole life. Katerina Lvovna, “a very pleasant woman in appearance,” lives in the prosperous house of the merchant Izmailov with her widowed father-in-law Boris Timofeevich and her middle-aged husband Zinovy Borisovich. Katerina Lvovna has no children, and “with all the contentment,” her life “with an unkind husband” is the most boring. But after five years, a passionate love for her husband’s employee Sergei unexpectedly arises in Katerina’s life. This feeling is considered to be one of the brightest and most sublime, but for Izmailova it becomes the beginning of her death and leads an overly passionate and ardent woman to a sad ending. But she simply loved very much and wanted to be happy with her lover. But the means by which Katerina Lvovna tried to achieve her goal have no justification. Katerina, without hesitation, is ready for the sake of what is dear to her
6 people for any sacrifice and violation of all moral standards. The woman, without any remorse, kills not only her father-in-law and husband, who have long been disgusted with her, but also the boy Fedya, who has not harmed anyone, an innocent and pious child. The all-consuming passion for Sergei destroys in Katerina the feeling of fear, compassion, mercy, because before they were inherent in her, like almost any representative of the fairer sex. But at the same time, it is this boundless love that gives rise to previously unusual courage, resourcefulness, cruelty and the ability to fight for her right to constantly be with her loved one and the ability to get rid of any obstacles that interfere with the fulfillment of this desire. All means, in her opinion, are good. Thus, she turns into a real hostage of her feelings, a reliable slave of a man, although initially Izmailova occupies a more significant position. social status than her husband's employee. During the interrogation, Katerina does not hide the fact that she committed several murders solely for the sake of her lover, that passion pushed her to such terrible acts. All her feelings are focused only on Sergei, the newborn baby does not evoke any emotions in her, the woman is indifferent to the fate of her child. Everything around is absolutely indifferent to Katerina; only a gentle glance or a kind word from her beloved can have an impact on her. Love, tenderness, a kind word are such wonderful goals and such terrible deeds that have no justification. In her last moments, Katerina believes that she has nothing more to do in the world, because her love, the meaning of her life, is completely lost to her. Due to boundless passion, a woman’s personality is completely destroyed, Katerina Izmailova becomes a victim of her own feelings and the inability to manage them. A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, “Dubrovsky” The heroines of A.S.’s works behave differently. Pushkin. Tatyana Larina, even after getting married, did not forget her love for Onegin. But, in her opinion, to achieve personal happiness through betrayal, betrayal, suffering loved one you can’t: I love you (why lie?), But I am given to someone else; I will be faithful to him forever. This is the belief of the heroines of another novel: Masha, in love with Dubrovsky and forcibly married to another, refuses personal happiness, because it is possible only through the refusal of her word, her oath
7 fidelity: “I got married late, I am the wife of Prince Vereisky. I agreed, I took an oath.” For both heroines, who sincerely and strongly love, the impossibility of using such a means as betrayal, even to reunite with their beloved, is obvious. If the goal is the salvation of other people, A. Fadeev “Destruction” Fadeev theorist agreed with the principles of communist morality, which justifies any means to achieve higher goals, and even admitted his desire to develop in “Destruction” the idea that there is no abstract, “universal "Eternal morality. With reference to Lenin's famous postulate, the writer speaks of "such an understanding of morality when all actions and actions are directed in the interests of the revolution... Everything that violates the interests of the revolution is not moral." However, in order to understand the writer’s position in terms of the relationship between ends and means, it is worth considering two scenes from “Destruction”: the expropriation of a pig from a Korean and the mortal cup, or rather a beaker, for Frolov. Is it possible to talk about the “socialist humanism” of Levinson, who took the last pig from a Korean peasant who treated the wounded Frolov cruelly? How can Levinson be considered classic example communist organizer worthy of emulation? Does the goal Levinson is pursuing justify the means? Answering these questions, one of the researchers of A. Fadeev’s work writes: “Fadeev correctly assessed the extreme, monstrous, inhuman situation, which can be treated differently. You can, along with Mechik, be horrified by the act of Levinson and Stashinsky. You can try to justify it as extreme a measure forced by extraordinary circumstances. But it is hardly possible to imagine this act as some kind of moral feat." Yes, in the novel, poison for the mortally wounded Frolov, who is delaying the detachment, does not at all look like some kind of moral feat of Levinson and Stashinsky. There is nothing of the feat in the description: “Without looking at each other, trembling and stuttering and tormented by this, they started talking about something that was already clear to both, but which they did not dare to name in one word...”. "How bad is he? Very?.. Levinson asked several times... There are no hopes... but maybe
8 Is this the point?.. It’s somehow easier, Levinson admitted. He immediately felt ashamed that he was deceiving himself, but he really felt better." The heartbreaking details of the episode make not only Mechik suffer, but also Levinson, whose act is not at all elevated to the rank of virtue by Fadeev. And the way Levinson faltered and fell silent, sternly squeezing jaws, and the way the doctor (by the way, had previously offered to stay with Frolov) handed the beaker, curling his white lips, shivering and blinking terribly, suggests that the heroes are not performing a feat, but dooming themselves to pangs of conscience, to a feeling of inescapable tragic guilt The episode is revealed by the author not only as absolutely unacceptable for Mechik, but also as extremely difficult and dramatic for Levinson and Stashinsky. Fadeev not only sympathizes with Mechik, but he also understands Levinson, who fell into the power of harsh necessity and believed in the right of the revolution to cruelty. In the episode with the Korean peasant, polemics can also only come from Soviet criticism, which declared what they did to be a model of socialist humanism and an example to follow. Fadeev, as they say, is not responsible for this. Let us remember why Levinson does not raise the Korean who threw himself at his feet: “He was afraid, Fadeev writes, that having done this, he would not be able to stand it and would cancel his order.” Another phrase of the novel is also significant: “Shoot, all the same,” Levinson waved and winced, as if they were supposed to shoot at him.” Fadeev makes it clear that Levinson, forced to commit cruel acts, is afraid of getting used to cruelty, which makes the figure of this literary hero not too typical. In “Destruction,” Fadeev’s humanistic position was manifested in the fact that he made it clear: his hero does not and cannot have absolute justifications for his actions and at the same time there is no other way out. For him decision made, which allows, by sacrificing one, to save many, is not at all simple, painful. But he sees no other way out and dooms himself to torment of conscience. This means that the all-forgiving “the end justifies the means” cannot be true. M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” Captured by the Nazis, Andrei Sokolov, the hero of the story, saves a platoon commander who is unfamiliar to him. Kryzhnev wants to hand over the commander to the Germans, the same as Sokolov himself, an ordinary soldier, for whom his former “comrades remained behind the front line, and his shirt is closer to his body,” and Andrei is forced to strangle the traitor, after which he “terribly wanted to wash his hands, as if Not
9 people, and strangled some creeping reptile for the first time in my life, and that was my own.” So the murder of one person became a means of salvation for another. Andrei Sokolov considered that the goal was in this case justifies the means, but this decision was not at all easy for him. This means that again it seems impossible to give a clear answer in a dispute about ends and means. If the goal is progressive transformations in the life of society and the state. V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera” The second half of the twentieth century was a time full of changes in the history of the country. And the achievements of the scientific and technical industry, which contributed to the transition to a more high degree development, often led to serious contradictions in society. One such example is the construction of a powerful power plant, the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, near the writer’s native village, Atalanka. As a result, it fell into a flood zone. It would seem like such a trifle: to destroy a small village in order to bring considerable benefit to the whole country. But no one thought about the fate of its old residents. These events could not help but touch the soul of the writer, whose childhood and youth were spent in the outback. Therefore, Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera” is also a bitter reflection on what the author himself had to endure. Matera is both an island and a village of the same name. Life on this island goes on slowly and calmly, and Matera has made many people happy. However, they decided to build a powerful power plant on the river - a good goal. But to achieve this goal, the island must be flooded and the entire village must be relocated to a new village on the banks of the Angara. This is the remedy. And again the question: “Can such a goal (technological progress, improving people’s lives) justify the means (destruction of an island, village, memory)?” At the center of the story tragic fates its indigenous inhabitants: Daria, Nastasya, Katerina, “old old women” who dreamed of ending their lives here and sheltered the useless Bogodul. And then everything falls apart for them. Neither stories about a comfortable apartment in a new village on the banks of the Angara, nor fiery speeches of the young (Andrey, Daria's grandson) that the country needs this, can convince them of the advisability of destroying their home. Content last months The stay of the old-timers on the island is complemented by a number of terrible events. The burning of Katerina's house by her own drunkard son. An unwanted move to Nastasya’s village and watching how the hut without a mistress immediately became orphaned. Finally, the outrages of “officials”
10 sent SES to destroy the cemetery. No good intentions can explain such a barbaric act of the authorities, committed in front of the residents. To the pain of having to leave the graves of dear people to be drowned, another one was added - to see crosses being burned. So the old women with sticks had to stand up to protect them. But it was possible to “do this cleanup in the end” so that the residents would not see. The essence of the opposition is that for strangers this island is just a territory, a flood zone. So, the newly minted builders tried to demolish the cemetery on the island. According to their logic, this is natural, this is a priority task, since burial places washed away by a man-made sea can be a source of disease. And the opposite side, Daria, comes to the conclusion that the sense of conscience has begun to be lost in people and society. “There are a lot more people,” she thinks, and conscience, come on, our same conscience has grown old, she has become an old woman, no one looks at her. What about conscience, if this is happening!” And it turns out that this very loss of conscience, attention and respect for ordinary people, understanding of their needs becomes a means for resolving issues of national importance. A terrible remedy that led to a tragic ending: people in a boat caught in the fog, lost in the middle of the river, having lost their bearings in life. Among them is the son of the main character, Pavel, who was never able to tear his native place out of his heart. And also the old women who remained on the island at the time of its flooding, and with them an innocent child. Towering, unbroken, neither fire took him, nor an ax, nor even a modern chainsaw, foliage as proof eternal life. The content of one of V. Rasputin’s best works still sounds like a warning many years later. The writer is not against change, he does not try in his story to protest against everything new, progressive, but makes one think about such transformations in life that would not destroy the humanity in people. In order for life to continue and the connection with the past not to be lost, you must always remember your roots, that we are all children of the same mother earth. And it is everyone’s duty to be on this earth not guests or temporary residents, but guardians of everything that has been accumulated by previous generations. And no good state goals can justify the destruction of memory. Of course, the range of works that reveal thematic direction“Ends and Means” is much broader. But, perhaps, in most of them we will find a general answer to the question “What determines the justification of a goal?”
11 This can only be the social significance of the goal. Social significance is good and moral principles. This means that the goal justifies everything that adds up to the public good and does not contradict what is accepted in society moral principles. The goal must be moral. If the goal must always be moral, then the means must also be moral. A good goal cannot be achieved by using immoral means.
Evening Issue 13. February 13, 1869 PETERSBURG. Confession of a killer. Exclusive interview with Rodion Raskolnikov!!! Read on pages 2-6. Rodion Raskolnikov: I don’t regret confessing. SUMMER 1866
Essay on the theme of the idea and nature of Rodion Raskolnikov MySoch.ru - School essays on literature Essay Napoleon by Rodion Raskolnikov and Napoleon by Andrei Bolkonsky In both works
Essay on fidelity and betrayal >>> Essay on fidelity and betrayal Essay on fidelity and betrayal They will certainly give advice and share their personal experience. Quote What is the danger of betrayal? But there are problems
Prototypes of the main characters of the story The Captain's Daughter. Prepared by 8th grade student Tatyana Daronina Teacher: Dzhura M.A. Plan: 1. What is a prototype? 2. Characteristics of Peter Grinev 3. Characteristics
An essay on the topic of Raskolnikov’s idea and its verification. Essays based on the work of Dostoevsky F.M. Crime and Punishment Raskolnikov's idea and its downfall (based on the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky. Raskolnikov lives
Materials for an essay in the direction “Year of Literature in Russia” The direction is like a magic wand: if you don’t know Russian classical literature, write in this direction. That is, you can at least
DIRECTION 3. GOALS and MEANS Commentary from FIPI specialists The concepts in this direction are interconnected and allow you to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, and the ability to
“Goals and Means” Mishchenko S.N. Commentary by FIPI The concepts of this area are interrelated and allow you to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, and the ability to correctly
Essay on the punishment of a crime according to the law of conscience in the novel crime and punishment LESSON TOPIC: Which will outweigh: blood according to conscience or a soul free from this period received the topic of crime and punishment,
Why did Raskolnikov come to Sonya after the murder? It was in such conditions that Raskolnikov’s idea about the right of the strong could have been born. Why after the murder of the old woman and Lizaveta Sonya Marmeladova So
“The Fate of Man” M.A. Sholokhov “War is the most monstrous phenomenon on earth” Completed by: 11th grade student Inna Krivova Supervisor: O.N. Komova M.A. Sholokhov (1905-1984) One leaves without a trace, Others are relatives
The problem of faith as a manifestation moral fortitude human essay Problem moral choice a person in an extreme life situation. The problem of people being rude to each other
HAPPINESS as a unifying Highest Value What are Highest Values? Not everyone thinks about how important this issue is for any person. The highest value has many meanings: for some it is material
Final essay “Honor and Dishonor” by E.V. Shcherbakova. MAOU SOSH 2 G. Dir. Honor and dishonor The direction is based on polar concepts associated with a person’s choice: to be faithful to the voice of conscience, to follow
An essay on the topic of the inhumanity of Raskolnikov’s theory. From this individualistic theory, Raskolnikov derives the category that forgives Raskolnikov the man, does not forgive his inhuman theory. Theme of sin
According to what I said earlier definition: “Right is external freedom, granted and limited by a norm,” it is not difficult to see that this definition contains precisely those essential features
FINAL ESSAY 2017/2018. THEMATIC DIRECTION “LOYALTY AND TREASON”. Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about fidelity and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering
Essay on whether the end always justifies the means The end justifies the means - this is Machiavelli’s motto, enshrined in the work The Prince. Discourses on the first ten books of Titus Livy (1516-1517),
Valentin n Rasputin Farewell to Matera Klára Formánková, 401787 Valentin n Rasputin publicist and writer, author of stories and stories about the Siberian village, about the life of ordinary people was born in 1937 in Siberia
LETTER TO A SOLDIER OF THE GREAT WAR. Thanks to veterans, we live in this world. They defended our Motherland so that we could live and remember that Motherland is the main one our home. I will say thank you very much with kindness in my heart.
An essay on the topic of the rights or guilt of schismatics. But the fact that a person cannot help but sin, and therefore is guilty before God, is more or less self-evident. would he be able to portray Raskolnikov so convincingly?
Essay on the topic of the problem of loneliness in Bulgakov’s novel The Master and Margarita Essay The problem of creativity and the fate of the artist based on the work: The Master and himself under the pressure of Soviet censorship, persecution in the press,
Wars are sacred pages. Many books have been written about the Great Patriotic War - poems, poems, stories, stories, novels. Literature about war is special. It reflects the greatness of our soldiers and officers,
SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS BY MEANS OF THE SUBJECT “LITERATURE” Zagarskikh S.A. MBOU Secondary School 18, Kirov “The core of moral education is the development of moral feelings of the individual” V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Korotkova G.A. teacher, gymnasium JSC "Talap" STUDYING A.S. PUSHKIN'S STORY "THE CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER" USING THE METHOD OF ZH.A. KARAEV As our experience shows, when studying such a difficult work for students as
Tkachenko Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, student 11 "B" class GOU TsO 1466 named after. N. Rusheva The ideal of self-sacrifice in Galina Shcherbakova’s story “You Never Dreamed of” Plan I. Introduction II. The theme of self-sacrifice in the story
An essay on the topic of the problem of the struggle for the life of continuity of generations (Example: Presidential decree on the fight against corruption, declaration of income The problem of the role of books in human life. Books are our reliable friends and
Speech clichés in the Russian language for the Unified State Exam essay. Clichés for writing the Unified State Examination. Clichés that can be used to write an Unified State Exam essay in the Russian language. Elements of an essay For introduction Language means
An essay on the topic of whether Russia needs bazaars. An essay on the topic of Evgeniy Bazarov. new hero or tragic, I mean his thoughts about poetry, art, nature and love. Last words
Christian motives in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” and the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's Dvor" Zagarskikh S.A. “Love others as you love yourself” “For Dostoevsky there is nothing more precious and significant
An essay on the topic of Raskolnikov’s theory and idea and its collapse. Raskolnikov’s idea and its collapse (based on the novel by F. M. Dobrolyubov. And the essay was on the topic of the collapse of Raskolnikov’s theory (something like that, p5.2). essays
Essay on the topic of what it means to be a merciful person Lesson topic Essay-reasoning What does it mean to be kind? Mercy is the willingness to help someone or forgive someone. Seems very difficult
An essay on the topic of whether Pontius Pilate had a choice. The theme of choice in the novel by M.A. Bulgakova The Master and Margarita Roman N.A. It was a story about Pontius Pilate, the all-powerful procurator. In his own. Not only was he awarded
The presentation was prepared by Anastasia Bolkunova, an 8th grade B student, Petr Andreevich Grinev - not only the hero of the story, but also the narrator on whose behalf the story is told, Grinev the narrator is an elderly man,
Valentin Rasputin was born on March 15, 1937 in the Irkutsk region, in the village of Ust-Uda, located on the banks of the Angara River, three hundred kilometers from Irkutsk. Ros Valentin grew up in the village of Atalanka. Went to school in
The theme of the heroic feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War is one of the main ones in the work of the outstanding master of literature socialist realism Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov. "They
Gaidar. Time. We. Gaidar is ahead! Performed by a student of the 11th grade of the Poshatovsky Orphanage-School, Ekaterina Pogodina “There is a time for everything, and a time for every thing under heaven. A time to be born and a time to die;
Lesson 4, April 22, 2017 Above all, have fervent love for one another, for love covers a multitude of sins (1 Peter 4:8) 1 Relationships with the State (1 Peter 2:13-17) TEACHING OF PETER O 2 Relationships
The image and character of the hero in M. A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man” 9th grade Teacher of Russian language and literature Kryukov S. D. Contents Epigraph to the lesson... 3 M. Sholokhov “I was born on the Don” 4 Mikhail Alexandrovich
Lessons from Dostoevsky. The role of the epilogue in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” Here the devil fights with God, and the battlefield is the hearts of people. F.M. Dostoevsky “The Brothers Karamazov” What is the meaning of the epilogue in
What is children's pain From children to parents It especially hurts when your parents call you stupid and a loser... You begin to doubt yourself. It especially hurts when your parents call you stupid and a loser...
Essay on Taras Bulba's attitude towards his father and mother Working on an essay based on the story Taras Bulba Vladimir Dubrovsky as a mother, But the unexpected news about his father's serious illness changed. 3. Conclusion. My attitude
An essay on the captain's daughter on the topic of love on the pages of Pushkin's story An essay on the work The Captain's Daughter by Pushkin: Pugachev as a leader For the first time on the pages of the story, Pugachev appears in
Front-line writers: war as inspiration... Moment of truth (In August forty-four) “Moment of Truth” is the most famous novel in the history of Russian literature about the work of counterintelligence during the Great
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky 1) To what class did F.M. Dostoevsky belong? - commoners - burghers - merchants - nobles - peasants 2) In what city were you born? -Petersburg -Tver -Mtsensk -Oryol -Moscow 3) What is
About child orphanhood and loneliness The seventh is the theme of orphanhood, abandonment, and childhood loneliness. It turned out that “The Last Cold”, “ Good intentions", "Innocent Secrets", "Nobody", "Candle" composed
Performed by Anna Telezhnikova, Elizaveta Lavrenova Academic subject within the framework of which the work on the project is carried out - literature Class: 9 "D" Number of participants: 2 Time to work on the project: 1 month Mode
VIRTUAL EXHIBITION VALENTIN RASPUTIN “SINGER OF THE VILLAGE” PREPARED BY: BUIVIDOVICH A.V. On March 14, 2015, Valentin Rasputin passed away. One of the few creators for whom Russia was not just geographical
ALL THE WORLD'S BEST APHORISMS AND QUOTES Publishing house AST Moscow UDC 82-84 BBK 94.8 B84 B84 All the world's best aphorisms and quotes. Moscow: AST Publishing House, 2017. 160 p. (Golden collection of aphorisms and quotes).
MKOU "Special School 106" Class hour "Moral values" Prepared and conducted by: Shepeleva A.S., class teacher of the 7th grade Novokuznetsk city district Moral values Goals Formation
Should you always obey your parents? YES, BECAUSE OH ADULTS.. Yes, but Adults deserve the respect of children? Are all adults worthy of respect? Does obedience always convey respect? Is it possible to manifest
An essay on the topic: my opinion about the novel fathers and sons. However, at the end of the novel the author tries to change the reader’s opinion about the main character. Bazarov What, Fathers and Sons didn’t read at school? Test of love in a novel
What does Victory Day mean to YOU? Inscription on the stone: WE WILL NOT LET THE FASCIST TERROR REPEAT FOR THE RESIDENTS OF THE HOUSES OF ABLINGI AND ŽVAGINIAI, BUTTERALLY KILLED BY HITLER'S FASCISTS ON JUNE 23, 1941. May 9 is not only for me
Lesson 6, November 11, 2017 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom by faith we have gained access to the grace in which we stand and rejoice in hope
TEST ASSESSMENT SCHEME 1 Real profile Task A (40 points) Nr Task Answer option Evaluation criteria Total number of points 1. Replace the phrase “ artistic sense» others, loved ones
Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution kindergarten 11 combined type of urban district of the city of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan Social project for children and parents of correctional
Evgeny Onegin, the hero of the novel by A. S. Pushkin, Evgeny Onegin... How many times have I heard these words, even before I read the novel. IN everyday life this name has almost become a household name. From the very
Let us praise the woman, Mother, whose love knows no barriers, whose breasts fed the whole world! Everything beautiful in a person comes from the rays of the sun and from the Mother’s milk. M. Gorky. Mom is a short word - only four letters. A
Tomsk Diocese of Russian Orthodox Church Administration of the Tomsk Region Tomsk City Hall Council of Rectors of Tomsk Universities Institute for the Development of Educational Systems RAO Tomsk Regional Institute PKRO Orthodox
The main state exam is the main type of certification assessment of the knowledge of ninth-graders. In order to receive admission to take the Main State Exam, ninth-graders must pass
Essay Grushnitsky and his role in the novel Essays on Russian literature Junker Grushnitsky is the second contrasting figure, set the goal of his life to become the hero of the novel. Perhaps this premonition played a role
Topics for the final essay for the 2017/18 academic year: “Loyalty and betrayal”, “Indifference and responsiveness”, “Goal and means”, “Courage and cowardice”, “Man and society”. "Loyalty and Betrayal" Within
Analysis of essays based on texts by V. Peskov and I. Ilyin Work on mistakes Prepared by the head of the GMO teachers of Russian language and literature of the city of Kolomna Panina Irina Ivanovna Problems of the text 1. Loneliness.
An essay on the topic why the master did not deserve light but deserved peace Lesson plan (literature, grade 11) on the topic: Three worlds in the novel The master did not deserve light, he deserved peace. Peace is punishment.
An essay on the topic of the problem of fathers and children in the modern world. The most important, in my opinion, is the problem of fathers and children, otherwise In the modern world, it seems to me, this question arises from a misunderstanding, Essay
- A. S. Pushkin."Eugene Onegin". A person sometimes passes by without noticing his happiness. When the feeling of love arises in him, it becomes too late. This happened with Evgeny Onegin. At first he rejected the love of a village girl. Having met her a few years later, he realized that he was in love. Unfortunately, their happiness is impossible.
- M. Yu Lermontov."Hero of our time." Pechorin's true love for Vera. His frivolous attitude towards Mary and Bela.
- And S. Turgenev."Fathers and Sons." Evgeny Bazarov denied everything, including love. But life forced him to experience this true feeling for Anna Odintsova. The stern nihilist could not resist the intelligence and charm of this woman.
- And A. Goncharov."Oblomov." Lyubov Oblomov Olga Ilyinskaya. Olga's desire to pull Ilya out of a state of indifference and laziness. Oblomov tried to find the purpose of life in love. However, the lovers' efforts were in vain.
- A. N. Ostrovsky. It is impossible to live without love. Proof of this is, for example, the deep drama that Katerina, the main character of A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” experienced.
- I.A. Goncharov."Oblomov." The great power of love is a theme of many writers. Often a person is able to change even his life for the sake of his loved one. However, this is not always possible. For example, Ilya Ilyich, the hero of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", for the sake of love, abandoned many of his habits. Olga, having experienced disappointment, leaves Oblomov. The mutually enriching development of their relationship did not work out, because the desire to vegetate “creeping from one day to another” turned out to be stronger for Ilya.
- L.N. Tolstoy. Love is a great feeling. It can change a person's life. But it can bring a lot of hope and disappointment. However, this condition can also transform a person. Such life situations were described by the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace". For example, Prince Bolkonsky, after life’s hardships, was convinced that he would never experience happiness or joy again. However, a meeting with Natasha Rostova changed his view of the world. Love is a great power.
- A. Kuprin. Sometimes it seems that poetry and the magical beauty of love are disappearing from our lives, that people’s feelings are diminishing. A. Kuprin’s story “The Garnet Bracelet” still amazes readers with faith in love. It can be called a moving hymn of love. Such stories help to maintain the belief that the world is beautiful, and that people sometimes have access to the inaccessible.
- I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The influence of friendship on the formation of personality is a serious topic that worried I. A. Goncharov. The heroes of his novel, peers and friends, I. I. Oblomov and A. I. Stolts, are shown almost according to the same scheme: childhood, environment, education. But Stolz tried to change his friend’s sleepy life. His attempts were unsuccessful. After Oblomov’s death, Andrei took his son Ilya into his family. This is what real friends do.
- I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". In friendship there is mutual influence. Relationships can be fragile if people are unwilling to help each other. This is shown in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The apathetic, difficult-to-rise nature of Ilya Ilyich and the young energy of Andrei Stolts - all this spoke of the impossibility of friendship between these people. However, Andrei made every effort to encourage Oblomov to do some kind of activity. True, Ilya Ilyich could not adequately respond to his friend’s concern. But Stolz’s desires and attempts deserve respect.
- I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Friendship is not always strong, especially if it is based on the subordination of one person to another. A similar situation was described by Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Arkady Kirsanov was at first an ardent supporter of Bazarov's nihilistic views and considered himself his friend. However, he quickly lost his conviction and went over to the side of the older generation. Bazarov, according to Arkady, was left alone. This happened because the friendship was not equal.
- N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba” (about friendship, camaraderie). It is said in N. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” that “there is no holier bond than comradeship.”