RESPONSE PLAN
1. Features of the genre of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”.
2. The role of lyrical digressions in the novel.
3. The topic of lyrical digressions in the novel: the poet’s views on culture, literature, language; reconstruction of the poet's biography; the poet's memories of his youth and friends; appeal to the Muse and the reader; landscape sketches; education and pastime of youth; everyday life, fashion; Russian history.
4. The novel “Eugene Onegin” is the author’s lyrical diary.
1. A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” - greatest work, which has no analogues in genre in Russian literature. This is not just a novel, but a novel in verse, as Pushkin wrote, “a devilish difference.” The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a realistic, historical, social and everyday novel, where Pushkin depicted Russian life on an unprecedentedly wide, truly historical scale. In his novel two principles merged - lyrical and epic. The plot of the work is epic, and lyrical is author's attitude to the plot, characters, reader, which is expressed in numerous lyrical digressions.
The heroes of the novel are like “good friends” of its creator: “I love my dear Tatyana so much,” “I became friends with him at that time...”, “My poor Lensky...” Lyrical digressions expand the time frame of the plot action in the novel, connecting the past to it.
3. The author’s voice is heard in numerous lyrical digressions, in which he, distracted from the action, talks about himself, shares his views on culture, literature, and language. Lyrical digressions present the author as a hero own novel and reconstruct his biography. In the poetic lines, the poet’s memories of the days when in the gardens of the Lyceum “he serenely blossomed” and the Muse began to “appear” to him come to life, about forced exile - “will the hour of my freedom come?”
The author as a character in the novel is associated with the mention of his friends and acquaintances: Kaverin, Delvig, Chaadaev, Derzhavin, sad and bright words about past days and departed friends: “Some are no longer there, but those are far away...” In reflections on life, its transience , about the time of the poet visit philosophical thoughts which he shares with his readers on the pages of the novel:
Am I about to be thirty years old...
……………………………………
But it's sad to think that it's in vain
We were given youth.
……………………………………
Perhaps it won't drown in Lethe
A stanza composed by me;
Perhaps (a flattering hope!)
The future ignorant will point out
To my illustrious portrait
And he says: that was the Poet!
The poet is concerned about the fate of his creation, and he, constantly turning to the reader and presenting him with a “collection of motley chapters,” tells from the pages of his novel how he is working on it:
I finished the first chapter;
I reviewed all of this strictly:
There are a lot of contradictions
But I don’t want to fix them.
……………………………
It's time for me to become smarter
Get better in business and style,
And this fifth notebook
Clear from deviations.
The themes of lyrical digressions in Eugene Onegin are very diverse. We learn about how secular youth were brought up and spent their time, the author’s opinion about balls, fashion, food, and the life of the “golden” noble youth. This is the theme of love: “What smaller woman we love, the easier it is for her to like us,” and the theme of the theater where Didelot’s ballets were performed and Istomina danced, and a description of everyday life landed nobility, going back to oral folk art, - Tatyana’s dream, reminiscent of a Russian fairy tale, fortune telling.
Dwelling on the description of the life of the local nobility, in particular the Larin family living in the village, the author says:
They kept life peaceful
Habits of a dear old man.
…………………………………
She went to work
Solila on winter mushrooms,
She managed expenses, shaved her foreheads...
Numerous landscape sketches are important for the development of the action. All seasons of the year pass before the reader: summer with a sad noise, with its meadows and golden fields, autumn, when the forests were exposed, winter, when the frosts crack, spring:
Nature's clear smile
Through a dream he greets the morning of the year;
And the nightingale
Already singing in the silence of the night.
For the first time in Russian literature, we see rural landscape Central Russian strip. Nature helps reveal the characters’ characters; sometimes the landscape is described through their perception:
Tatiana saw through the window
In the morning the yard turned white.
Another theme of lyrical digressions is important in the novel - this is an excursion into Russian history. The lines about Moscow and Patriotic War 1812:
Moscow... so much in this sound
For the Russian heart it has merged!
How much resonated with him!
…………………………………
Napoleon waited in vain
Intoxicated with the last happiness,
Moscow kneeling
With the keys of the old Kremlin;
No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
4. The novel “Eugene Onegin” - deeply lyrical work. This is a diary novel, from which we learn no less about Pushkin than about his heroes, and the author’s voice does not interfere, but contributes to the disclosure of images with realistic breadth and truth. Having recreated the whole historical era and linking the epic and the lyrical into a single whole, the novel was (as the author intended) “the fruit of the mind of cold observations and the heart of sorrowful notes.”
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is full of digressions of different nature, these are autobiographical, philosophical digressions, as well as comments about love, friendship, theater and literature. Also, from the author’s comments, you can understand how he personally feels about the characters, what likes and dislikes he has.
As for Onegin himself, Pushkin says about him: “I became friends with him at that time. I liked his features." But Pushkin does not endow Onegin with such a deep love for Russian nature as he himself possesses:
Flowers, love, village, idleness,
Fields! I am devoted to you with my soul
I'm always happy to notice the difference
Between Onegin and me.
IN nai to a greater extent close to the image of the author of the novel, Tatyana, who with all her soul was devoted to her native land, loved nature with all her heart. In his comments, Pushkin more than once calls this heroine “sweet,” speaks of her with tenderness and affection, and takes pity on her.
Pushkin in his comments indulges in various thoughts, including mentioning his own person. Such digressions are classified as autobiographical. For example, the following lines:
The spring of my days has flown by
(What was he jokingly repeating until now)?
And she really has no age?
Am I really going to be thirty soon?
You can also learn about Pushkin’s lifestyle from autobiographical digressions:
I knew you
Everything that is enviable for a poet:
Oblivion of life in the storms of light,
Sweet conversation with friends.
Also in the novel there are Pushkin's statements about literature, for example, when he ironically describes love story, which Tatyana reads:
Now with what attention she pays
Reading a sweet novel...
...With the happy power of dreaming
Animated creatures...
...And the incomparable Grandison,
Which makes us dream...
Pushkin also touches on eternal questions in the novel: about the frailty of existence, about the inevitability of death, giving comments philosophical nature. For example, the second chapter of the novel, the moment when we are talking about the Larin family. Pushkin raises the question of procreation, the natural outcome of life, the same for everyone:
Our time will come, our time will come,
And our grandchildren in good time
They will push us out of the world too!
What exactly does relatives mean?
These are the native people:
We must caress them
Love, respect...
Pushkin discusses the relationship between Onegin and Lensky, making a brief but very accurate digression that their friendship arose “There is nothing to do, friends.”
Pushkin’s statements about culture and theater can be found on the pages of the novel; thanks to them, he expresses his own opinion about creativity. For example, in this digression:
Brilliant, half-airy,
I obey the magic bow,
Surrounded by a crowd of nymphs,
Worth Istomin.
Pushkin does not hide his admiration for the famous Istomina; in his lines one can feel admiration for the talent of this woman.
A lot of discussions about love are found in the work: “The less we love a woman, the easier it is for her to like us”..., “All ages are submissive to love...” and the most important and relevant remark:
O people! you all look alike
To the ancestress Eve:
What is given to you does not entail
The serpent is constantly calling you
To yourself, to the mysterious tree;
Give me the forbidden fruit:
And without that, heaven is not heaven for you...
This digression contains the great truth about the “forbidden fruit.” Tatyana became such a “fruit” for Onegin when he saw her as the general’s wife, so inaccessible and majestic. This is what attracted Onegin.
With the help of lyrical digressions, Pushkin conveys to readers his own view of culture, society, prejudices and rules that existed at that time. Pushkin reflects on the meaning of existence, expresses his opinion about the heroes of the novel and their actions. All the author’s digressions help readers better understand the position of the author himself and his personal attitude to many life values.
- New!
The novel “Eugene Onegin” is the main creation of A. S. Pushkin. It was here that readers saw all sides of Russian life, got to know the living and burning modernity, got to know themselves and their friends, all environment, capital, village, neighboring landowners and serfs....
“Eugene Onegin” is the pinnacle of A.S.’s creativity. Pushkin. In his eighth article “Eugene Onegin” V.G. Belinsky wrote: “Onegin” is Pushkin’s most sincere work, the most beloved child of his imagination, and one can point out...
The letters of Tatiana and Onegin stand out sharply from the general text of Pushkin’s novel in verse “Eugene Onegin”. Even the author himself gradually highlights them: an attentive reader will immediately notice that there is no longer a strictly organized “Onegin stanza”, but a noticeable...
Pushkin worked on the novel “Eugene Onegin” for many years; it was his favorite work. Belinsky in his article “Eugene Onegin” called the work “an encyclopedia of Russian life.” The novel was for a poet, according to him...
First of all, Lensky lacks his own, hard-won personal experience. Almost everything about him, from his borrowed scholarship to his poetry, is literally all drawn from books, from romantic German poetry and the philosophy of the first two decades XIX century. He is not...
IN work of art inner world the hero is revealed to a greater extent not through external speech, but through internal speech, which, as a rule, results in the hero’s monologue. I would like to consider the work of A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" -...
According to the definition, lyrical digressions are some statements of the author's thoughts and feelings related to what is depicted in the work. They help you understand better ideological plan creator, take a fresh look at the text. The writer, intruding into the narrative, slows down the development of the action, disrupts the unity of the images, however, such insertions enter the texts naturally, since they arise in connection with what is depicted and are imbued with the same feeling as the images.
Lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin" play a huge role, as you will see after reading this article. It is devoted to their themes, functions and meaning.
Features of the novel "Eugene Onegin"
The novel in question is by A.S. Pushkin wrote for more than 8 years - from 1823 to 1831. He wrote to Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky at the very beginning of work on the work that he was not creating a novel, but rather a “novel in verse,” and this is a “diabolical difference.”
Indeed, thanks to its poetic form, "Eugene Onegin" is very different from traditional genre novel, because it expresses the feelings and thoughts of the author much more strongly. What adds originality to the work is the constant participation and commentary of the author himself, about whom we can say that he is one of the main characters. In the first chapter of the novel, Alexander Sergeevich calls Onegin “a good friend.”
Lyrical digressions and biography of the author
Lyrical digressions are a means used by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, in particular, to help us get acquainted with the personality of the creator of the work, his biography. From the first chapter we learn that the narrator left Russia and sighs for it “under the sky of Africa,” which refers to the poet’s southern exile. The narrator writes clearly about his melancholy and suffering. In the sixth chapter, he regrets his youth and wonders where the times of his youth have gone, what the “coming day” has in store for him. Lyrical digressions in the novel also help to revive Alexander Sergeevich’s bright memories of those days when the muse began to appear to him in the gardens of the Lyceum. They, thus, give the right to judge the work as the history of the development of the personality of Pushkin himself.
Description of nature in digressions
Lyrical digressions are not only the biographical information of the author. Many of them are devoted to the description of nature. Descriptions of her are found throughout the novel. All seasons of the year are represented: winter, when boys joyfully cut ice with skates, snow falls, and northern summer, which Pushkin calls a caricature of southern winters, and the time of love - spring, and, of course, autumn, beloved by Alexander Sergeevich. The poet often describes different times days, the most beautiful of which is the night. However, he does not at all strive to depict extraordinary, exceptional paintings. On the contrary, everything is ordinary, simple, but at the same time beautiful.
Nature and inner world of heroes
Nature is closely connected with the heroes of the novel. Thanks to her description, we better understand what is going on in the souls of the characters. The author often notes the spiritual closeness with the nature of the main female image- Tatiana - and reflects on this, thereby characterizing moral qualities your heroine. The landscape often appears before us through the eyes of this particular girl. She loved to watch the sunrise on the balcony or suddenly see a white courtyard in the window in the morning.
Encyclopedic nature of the work
V.G. Belinsky, the famous critic, called Pushkin's novel "an encyclopedia of Russian life." And one cannot but agree with this. After all, an encyclopedia is a kind of systematic overview that is revealed sequentially from A to Z. A novel is exactly like this if you carefully look at all the lyrical digressions present in Onegin. We note then that the thematic range of the work unfolds encyclopedically, from A to Z.
"Free Romance"
Alexander Sergeevich calls his work in the eighth chapter " free romance". This freedom is expressed, first of all, in a relaxed author's conversation with the reader through lyrical digressions expressing feelings and thoughts on his behalf. This form allowed Pushkin to depict a picture of the life of his contemporary society. We learn about education younger generation, about how young people spend their time, about balls and fashion during the times of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
The lyrical digressions of the novel "Eugene Onegin" also cover the theater. Speaking about this amazing “magical land,” he remembers both Knyazhin and Fonvizin, but his attention is especially drawn to Istomin, who flies like a feather, touching the floor with one foot.
Lyrical digressions about literature
Lyrical digressions are also an opportunity to speak about contemporary literature and its problems. This is the subject of many of Alexander Sergeevich’s arguments in the text of the novel “Eugene Onegin.” In these lyrical digressions, the narrator argues about language, the use of various foreign words in it, which are sometimes simply necessary in order to describe certain things (for example, a tailcoat, trousers, a vest). Pushkin argues with a strict critic who calls for throwing off the wretched wreath of elegy poets.
Author and reader
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is at the same time the story of its creation. The narrator talks to the reader through lyrical digressions.
The text is created as if right before our eyes. It contains plans and drafts, as well as the author's personal assessment of the novel. Alexander Sergeevich encourages the attentive reader to co-create. When the latter is waiting for the rhyme “rose,” Pushkin writes: “Take it quickly.” The poet himself sometimes acts as a reader and strictly revises his work. Lyrical digressions introduce authorial freedom into the text, thanks to which the narrative moves in many directions. The image of Alexander Sergeevich has many faces - he is both a hero and a storyteller at the same time.
If all the other heroes of the novel (Onegin, Tatyana, Lensky and others) are fictional, then the creator of this entire artistic world is real. He evaluates his heroes, their actions, and either agrees with them or does not approve, arguing again in lyrical digressions. Thus, built on an appeal to the reader, the novel tells about the fictionality of what is happening, creating the impression that this is just a dream, similar to life.
Features of lyrical digressions
Often lyrical digressions in Eugene Onegin appear before climaxes narrative, forcing the reader to be in suspense, waiting further development plot. Thus, the author’s monologues occur before the explanation of Onegin and Tatiana, before her sleep and the duel in which Eugene Onegin participates.
The role of lyrical digressions, however, is not limited to this. They are also used so that the reader can better understand the essence of certain characters. That is, they not only introduce art world new layers of “reality”, but also create a unique author's image, which is an intermediary between the space in which the heroes live and real world, of which the reader is a representative.
Lyrical digressions in "Eugene Onegin", thus, are very diverse in theme and purpose of their inclusion in the text of the narrative. They give Pushkin’s creation a special depth, versatility, and scale. This suggests that the role of lyrical digressions in the work is very great.
The novel, based on the author’s appeal to the reader, was a new phenomenon in the history of Russian literature of the 19th century. As time has shown, this innovation did not pass without a trace; it was noticed and appreciated both by the contemporaries of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and his descendants. "Eugene Onegin" still remains one of the most famous works Russian literature not only in our country, but also abroad.