Hyperbola

Hyperbola

HYPERBOLE (Greek - υπερβολη) - a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration, aimed at enhancing expressiveness, for example. "I've said this a thousand times." Hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them the appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. (“the waves rose in mountains”). The character or situation portrayed may also be hyperbolic. G. is also characteristic of the rhetorical and oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as the romantic style, where pathos comes into contact with irony. Of the Russian authors, Gogol is especially inclined to G., of the newest poets - Mayakovsky (see Stylistics).

Literary encyclopedia. - At 11 t.; M.: Publishing House of the Communist Academy, Soviet encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Fritsche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939 .

Hyperbola

(Greek hyperbole - exaggeration), trope, an expressive figurative means, a deliberate exaggeration of the attribute of an object or person: “Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers with such wide folds that if you inflate them, then they could fit the entire yard with barns and buildings"(N.V. Gogol, “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich”).

Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .

Hyperbola

HYPERBOLA(Greek ‘υπερβολή - exaggeration) - a stylistic figure (see), consisting of a clearly exaggerated expression of thought. Hyperbole can consist primarily of quantitative exaggeration (for example, “a thousand times,” “an entire eternity,” “priceless,” Gogol about the Dnieper: “there is no river equal to it in the world”), but also in figurative expression. IN the latter case Although outwardly similar to metaphor, hyperbole differs significantly from it in that it is not directed towards enrichment content of thought through its figurative expression, but in order to strengthen, emphasize certain properties or features of the object of thought. Thus, many enthusiastic, affectionate or abusive expressions of everyday speech are not metaphors, but hyperboles (for example, “my angel”, “divine”, or “a real devil”, “donkey”, “monster”, etc.). In many cases, however, whether a particular expression is classified as a metaphor or hyperbole depends on the point of view on it; in other words, the hyperbole is then determined not by the property of the image itself, but application him in speech. This is why a hyperbole belongs to the category of figures, but from figures figurative hyperbole is closest to tropes (see). In poetic speech, hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, forming hyperbolic metaphors, comparisons, personifications, etc. For example, in Pushkin: “Yes! if all the tears, blood and sweat, shed for everything that is stored here, all suddenly emerged from the bowels of the earth, then there would be a flood again - I would choke in my faithful basements" (" Stingy Knight"). Gogol’s style is especially rich in such hyperbolic figures in our literature: “Do you hear how the whole world gathered at your feet and, shaking their spears, merged into one exclamation!” ("Life"); “The rubies of her lips seemed to stick with blood to the very heart” (“Viy”); Gogol constructs entire descriptions and characteristics hyperbolically, for example, the Dnieper, the Ukrainian Night, the Albanian Annunziata, Sobakevich, etc. Everywhere here the image retains its tropical nature, it does not dissolve in hyperbole (as in the given examples of endearments and swear words), but the hyperbole, that is, only colors it. - Any verbal understatement or belittlement, such as “a week without a year”, “quieter than water, lower than the grass”, “wasp waist”, etc. expressions also refer to the figure of hyperbole and are sometimes defined only by misunderstanding as litotes(see), e.g. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky (Theory of poetry and prose), P. A. Buzuk (Essays on the psychology of language. Odessa. 1918) and other followers of Potebnya.

M. Petrovsky. Literary Encyclopedia: Dictionary literary terms: In 2 volumes / Edited by N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunin, V. Lvov-Rogachevsky, M. Rozanov, V. Cheshikhin-Vetrinsky. - M.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel, 1925

Antonyms:

See what “Hyperbole” is in other dictionaries:

- (Greek, hyperbole, from hyperballein to throw further than the target). 1) in geometry: two curved lines obtained when a cone intersects a plane parallel to the axis of the cone. 2) in rhetoric: expressing a thought in a greatly exaggerated form for greater force... ... Dictionary foreign words Russian language

Hyperbola- HYPERBOLE (Greek ‘υπερβολη exaggeration) stylistic figure (see), consisting of a clearly exaggerated expression of thought. Hyperbole can consist primarily of quantitative exaggeration (for example, “a thousand times”, “an eternity”, “priceless”, ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

Cm … Synonym dictionary

1. HYPERBOLE, s; and. [from Greek hyperbolē exaggeration] Stylistic device excessive exaggeration of which words. properties of the depicted object, phenomenon, etc., in order to enhance the impression. / About excessive exaggeration. Tell the story without hyperbole... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

HYPERBOLE, hyperbole, female. (Greek hyperbole). 1. Curve from a number of conic sections (mat.). A hyperbola is obtained by cutting the right gyre of a cone with a plane. 2. Figure of exaggeration (lit.). Gogol's style is replete with hyperbole. || Anything... ... Dictionary Ushakova

- (Greek hyperbole) a flat curve (2nd order) consisting of two infinite branches. A hyperbola is a set of points M, the difference in distances from two given points (F1, F2) of the hyperbola's foci is constant and equal to the length of the real axis A1A2, the other ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (foreign language) exaggeration. Hyperbolic, pertaining to hyperbole. Wed. From every corner, it seems to you, it smells like blood, it smells like death and crime: and this is not hyperbole, this is a fact, repeatedly attested... ... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

- (hyperbola) A function that can be expressed as the ratio of two linear functions. A hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system has the form y=(α+βx)/(γ+δx). This function is continuous, except for the case where x =–γ/δ; when she acts like... Economic dictionary

hyperbola- y, w. hyperbole f. , lat. hiperbole 1. lit. A technique of exaggeration to enhance impression. Sl. 18. A feeling that, without any hyperbole, can be called admiration. 1791. Karamzin PRP 5 31. The soul admired, but the feelings in him were silent, one language... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

- (from the Greek hyperbole exaggeration), poetic device: a type of trope based on exaggeration (rivers of blood). Compare Litotus... Modern encyclopedia

Word hyperbola- mathematical and linguistic. It so happened that one word denotes two concepts from completely different, one might even say opposite in essence, sciences.

Hyperbole in mathematics- a curve related to the number of conic sections.

Hyperbole in literature- a figure of exaggeration.

Mathematical hyperbola

In mathematics, the hyperbola is much less common than its brothers: the parabola and the ellipse. A more precise definition of a mathematical hyperbola would be:

Hyperbola- these are points on the plane, the difference of which is up to two selected points (or, as they are also called, hyperbole tricks) is a constant value.

Just as in the case of an ellipse, a similar quantity is denoted by 2a, and the distance between the foci is through 2s.

A hyperbole consists of two completely identical parts. It is her characteristic. It also has straight lines to which the hyperbola rushes when it goes to infinity. These lines are called asymptotes.

Just like ellipse, hyperbola has an optical property. This means that a ray that came out of one focus, after reflection, moves as if it came out of another focus.

In mathematics the term "hyperbola" appeared before our era. It was introduced by the ancient Greek mathematician Apollonius of Perga, who lived from 262 to 190 BC.

There are several types of hyperboles.

Equilateral is called a hyperbole for which a=b. Such a hyperbola is described in a rectangular coordinate system by the equation xy = a²/2, and its foci are at points (a;a) And (-a;-a).

There are also hyperbolas directly related to triangles. So, Jenzabek's hyperbole represents a curve that is isogonally conjugate to the Euler straight line, and Kiepert hyperbola is a curve that is isogonally conjugate to a line passing through the center of the circumscribed circle and the Lemoine point of the corresponding triangle.

Literary hyperbole

Hyperbole in literature- this is a stylistic figure, which is a figurative expression that exaggerates any phenomenon, object, or action. IN works of art hyperbole is used to enhance the artistic impression.

Since hyperbole is a figurative expression, such an expression should not be taken literally.

Hyperbole is used especially often in Russian folk poetry. Yes, the song "Dunya the Slender Weaver" is entirely built on the use of hyperbole. This song tells how Dunya spun three threads in three hours, which turned out to be "thinner log, thicker than knee". Then she these threads "I stuck it in the garden with a stake".

Hyperbole is also found in Russian ditties:

The lazy man sits at the gate,

He opened his mouth wide,

And no one will understand

Where is the gate and where is the mouth.

Hyperbole is widely used and Old Russian authors, whose names have not reached us. For example, in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" we read:

“He rang the morning bells in Polotsk, the bells rang early at St. Sophia’s, and he heard the ringing in Kiev.”

Russian writers also used hyperbole. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov used close to folk techniques:

It will pass - as if it will illuminate the sun!

If he looks, he’ll give you a ruble!

I saw how she squints:

With a wave, the mop is ready.

Nikolai Gogol also became famous for his hyperboles. Everyone knows such expressions from his works as “A million Cossack hats poured into the square”, “A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper”, trousers among the Cossacks "as wide as the Black Sea".

In the works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, hyperbole is one of the characteristic techniques. In his poem “6 Nuns” we read:

Let the quota be filled with years of life,

one has only to remember this miracle,

yawning

wider than the Gulf of Mexico.

By the way, hyperbole also has the exact opposite stylistic figure - litotes, denoting understatement. But more on that next time.

The section is very easy to use. In the field provided, just enter the right word, and we will give you a list of its values. I would like to note that our website provides data from different sources– encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

Meaning of the word hyperbole

hyperbole in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Dal Vladimir

hyperbola

and. mathematician a curved line that would appear on the surface of a sugar loaf (cone) if it were cut from the side, vertically along.

Rhetorician. exaggeration, any expression that goes to any extreme, for example. I don't have a penny; he takes in everything with his gaze. Hyperbolic, belonging to hyperbole, related to it. Hyperboloid math. geometric body, formed by rotation of the hyperbola. Hypersthene m. black stone with a bronze tint; pavlit.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

hyperbola

hyperbole, g. (Greek hyperbole).

Curve from the number of conic sections (mat.). A hyperbola is obtained by cutting the right gyre of a cone with a plane.

Figure of exaggeration (lit.). Gogol's style is replete with hyperbole.

Any excessive, exaggerated statement about something. (book). Well, this is a hyperbole: in reality, everything happened simpler.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

hyperbola

Y, f. In poetics: a word or expression containing exaggeration to create artistic image; Generally an exaggeration.

hyperbola

Y, f. In mathematics: an open curve consisting of two branches that is formed when a plane intersects a conical surface.

adj. hyperbolic, -aya, -oe.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

hyperbola

1. A stylistic device that involves excessive exaggeration of something. qualities or properties of the depicted object, phenomenon, etc. in order to enhance the impression.

   decomposition Any excessive exaggeration.

and. An open curve of two branches, obtained when both planes of the surface of a circular cone intersect with a plane that does not pass through its vertex (in geometry).

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

hyperbola

HYPERBOLE (from the Greek hyperbole - exaggeration) is a type of trope based on exaggeration (“rivers of blood”). Wed. Litotes.

Hyperbole (mathematics)

2a,$ and ∣ FF∣ > 2a > 0.

Along with the ellipse and parabola, the hyperbola is a conic section and a quadric. A hyperbola can be defined as a conic section with an eccentricity greater than one.

Hyperbola

Hyperbola :

• Hyperbola- a flat curve of the second order.
• Hyperbola- trope, exaggeration.

Hyperbole (rhetoric)

Hyperbola- a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration, with the aim of enhancing the expressiveness of expressiveness and emphasizing the said thought. For example: “I’ve said this a thousand times” or “we have enough food for six months.”

Hyperjj is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them an appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. The character or situation portrayed may also be hyperbolic. Hyperbole is also characteristic of the rhetorical and oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as the romantic style, where pathos comes into contact with irony. Among Russian authors, Gogol is especially prone to hyperbole; among poets, Mayakovsky

Examples of the use of the word hyperbole in literature.

In this case, your words should be considered as hyperbole, Autolycus, - declared Danaus, - for these two beautiful little creatures hardly jumped out in full armor from your forehead, like Athena from the head of Zeus.

And since it was absolutely clear that punishment would fall on one of these three, Alcibiades and Nicias came to an agreement and, uniting the forces of their supporters, turned the ostracism against himself. Hyperbola.

Some, however, claim that Alcibiades came to an agreement not with Nicias, but with Phaeac and attracted the Phaeacian community to his side in order to expel Hyperbola, who did not at all expect such a misfortune: after all, vicious and insignificant people have never been subject to this punishment, as the comedian Plato quite rightly noted, speaking about Hyperbole: Although he accepted the punishment rightly, there is no way to combine it with his brand: The trial of shards is not for such was made up.

Hyperbola, gradation, oxymoron, periphrase, alogism, rhetorical question, rhetorical exclamation, but above all, comparison and metaphor became the object of study here.

Along with hyperbole and with caricature, Domanovich often turns to the technique of contrast.

Even now the titles of their sovereigns are just as fantastic hyperboles and exaggerations, like those titles with which religious flattery has long tried to glorify the gods.

It turned out to be a coordinate system, in the upper left corner of which was very neatly depicted hyperbola, adjacent to the horizontal and vertical axes.

Since the sixteenth century our hyperbola suddenly begins to rise sharply.

All this means that our hyperbola crossed its symmetrical axis, and sharply goes upward along a vertical branch.

This is, of course, an exaggeration hyperbola- that is, an instrument that is naturally more suitable for a destroyer-civilizer than for a cultural conservative, such as Turgenev was.

This meant that he would have to almost literally emerge from behind the sun on a strict course in the form hyperboles or a parabola passing in close proximity to the sun, and hide behind its brilliance and the noise of its flares.

This means that we are not afraid hyperboles, no parabolas, no other open curves?

IN in this case we are interested in the fact that on the vertical axis hyperboles There is certainly a point at which the number of people present on Earth at one time will coincide with the number who have lived on it throughout world history.

Deadlines on our vertical branch hyperboles are compressed so much that an error by several times will mean an error of only one or two decades.

And successful ones hyperboles- metaphors, for example, about a beaten face you can say: it can be mistaken for a basket of mulberries, so blue under the eyes.

What is a hyperbole?

Hyperbole is a stylistic figure that is used for the purpose of deliberate exaggeration. This stylistic device is used to make the text more expressive and to enhance different meanings. A very popular example we haven't seen each other for a hundred years. It hasn't been a hundred years, of course. Hyperbole used.

A hyperbola is a nonlinear function inverse to a linear function: y = ax + b, that is, the linear function y is a straight line on the Cartesian coordinate axis, and the inverse g = 1/y = 1/(ax + b) is a hyperbola, and represents rather curved lines, located symmetrically relative to a certain point, and two straight lines - asymptotes.

Considering the property of a hyperbola to bend a straight line, the expression hyperbola is also used in literature, that is, not curvature, but a kind of protrusion of certain features of objects. To analyze the transfer of a mathematical hyperbola to a literary one, a comparison can be made - what a hyperbola bends in mathematics, and what in literature.

In the Russian language there is a means of representation called hyperbole. Hyperbole is an exaggeration. Quite often hyperboles are found in epics. For example, in the epic about the Nightingale the Robber it is said that the nightingale whistled and the flowers fell off, and people are dead are lying.

In mathematics, a hyperbola is a plane curve of the second order.

• What is hyperbole

  In mathematics, a hyperbola is an open curve with two branches.

  As a technique in journalism, hyperbole is an exaggeration (for example, saying a thousand times). The opposite of hyperbole is litotes (little man).

what is hyperbole

A hyperbola is a mathematical function y=K/x (when K is not equal to zero)

IN colloquial speech hyperbole is a special strong exaggeration of something to focus the attention of the interlocutor on it.

At the word hyperbola There are several meanings, but its origin is common, from the ancient Greek word, which means - to go over, redundancy, excessiveness, exaggeration:

• For mathematicians, it defines a plane curve of the second order.
• For other people, and especially for those associated with rhetoric, it means a strong exaggeration of something.

• Since the mathematics tag is indicated, I will answer the question in this vein, despite the fact that there are other meanings. So, a hyperbola is a curve that, like any line, consists of many points. The physical meaning of this curve is that it is obtained by cutting a volumetric cone with a plane.

  A hyperbola is a set of points on a plane, the modulus of the difference in distances from two points, called foci, is a constant value.

  Canonical equation of a hyperbola in Cartesian coordinates

  x^2/a^2-y^2/b^2=1

  The word hyperbole has several meanings. The first meaning is mathematical. According to Euclid, a hyperbola is a plane curve of the second order, which consists of two separate curves that do not intersect. The formula for a hyperbola is Y=K/x, provided that k is not equal to 0. That is, the vertices of the hyperbola tend to zero, but never intersect with it.

  The second meaning is literary. Hyperbole is a stylistic figure of deliberate exaggeration.

  Hyperbola A mathematical function that is constructed on the area XY consisting of 5 points connected to each other and located on the vertical quarters of XY. Formula y=K/x.

  The same meaning of this word in literature is exaggeration of something, or emphasizing it on the attention of the interlocutor.

  Let's immediately decide what we are considering, hyperbole from the mathematical side or hyperbole as rhetoric. Let's first look at it from the mathematical side: A line consisting of points. Or as it is written in one source

  Just like an ellipse and a parabola, a hyperbola is a conic section.

  And if we look at it from the perspective of rhetoric: A stylistic figure to enhance expressiveness.

  Hyperbola is a mathematical term meaning a plane curve of the second order. The meaning of hyperbole in literature is exaggeration, to give expressiveness to a phrase, to focus attention. For example, the expression: a sea of ​​tears.

Every person has at least once encountered the concept of hyperbole in literature. But not everyone knows what this term means.

Hyperbole is a stylistic device used in literature

• to exaggerate any action,
• to create a stronger impression on readers.

This stylistic device is used by many modern writers and authors.

What is the difference between hyperbole and other literary devices?

Hyperbole also has similarities with other stylistic devices, such as

• metaphor,
• grotesque,
• comparison.

Nevertheless, these linguistic means have differences. For example, grotesque is one of the types

• artistic imagery,
• contrast between reality and fantasy,
• ugliness and beauty,

which helps create a comical image.

To compare objects or phenomena, the following techniques are used:

• metaphor,
• comparison.

Hyperbole in literature is also a means of comparison, but in a more exaggerated format. For example:

• ears like an elephant,
• legs like a giraffe
• neck like an ostrich
• it was explained to him a million times, etc.

Hyperbole in literature also has an opposite technique, which also compares phenomena, but in a diminutive direction. It's called litotes. Example:

• within easy reach,
• Tom Thumb.

The reason for hyperbole

It's hard to imagine that the need for extreme exaggeration dates back to ancient times. People's judgments modern society are strikingly different from the worldview of ancient people, who had completely fantastic ideas about the world. In those distant times, people could not have a clear understanding of what fiction and reality are. The earliest people endowed magical power those phenomena that could not be explained. They were afraid of such phenomena. As a result, they began to appear

• Gratitude,
• astonishment,
• admiration,
• exaggeration.

Use of hyperbole in modern and classical literature

Without use literary devices the work will be bland, boring and uninteresting. Therefore, all authors use them in their works. The basis for the use of hyperbole in literature is the interaction of expansive and naturally following meanings of the same phrases.

1. this news has already been told a million times (the number is being exaggerated);
2. they had a huge fight (the quality was affected);
3. he left her alone and there was no more peace for her (emotions involved).

“Hyperbole is very easy to confuse with similar devices such as metaphor and simile. Their task also consists of comparing objects and phenomena. But we must always remember that if there is any exaggeration in the comparison, then this is hyperbole.”

If you say that he has ears like an elephant, then you can see that this is a comparison. But if you analyze, you can understand that this is an exaggeration, that such a comparison was used in a figurative sense, since human ears cannot be that big. Therefore, this comparison is a hyperbole.

This technique is used for

• giving expressiveness to a sentence,
• significance, significance
• to focus the reader's attention on it.

In Russian literature, Russian classics willingly used this technique

• A.S. Griboyedov,
• A.N. Ostrovsky,
• N.V. Gogol,
• L.N. Tolstoy.

Epic stories are also full of hyperboles. In poetry, hyperbole is most often used in conjunction with other techniques.

“Modern realities without the use of hyperbole will be absolutely meaningless. Therefore, their use can be found in almost all speech communications. If you think about television advertisements, most of them use hyperbolic technique.”

Video: Japanese advertising