Kipling was the first Englishman to receive Nobel Prize on literature. This happened in 1907, after which the universities of Toronto, Paris, Athens and Strasbourg also showed respect for extraordinary talent Kipling, honoring him with his highest awards. He was the holder of honorary degrees from Cambridge, Oxford, Durham and Edinburgh universities.
Kipling's metaphorical language made English literary language richer, and his works are rightfully considered the pearl of world classics.
Childhood
On December 30, 1865, in the city of Bombay (British India), John Lockwood Kipling, an art school teacher, and his wife Alice had a son, Rudyard. The writer owed his name to the meeting place of his parents - Lake Rudyard in Britain.
Indian nature and good-natured servants made childhood best time in the lives of Rudyard and his sister Trix. The children were spoiled by the comfort that the family could afford; adults turned a blind eye to their antics.
When the time came for Rudyard and Trix to get an education, their parents sent them to England. Freedom-loving five-year-old Rudyard was shocked by the strict rules of a private boarding school in Southsea. Madame Rosa, hostess educational institution, brutally suppressed any pranks. Numerous punishments made the 6 years spent in the boarding school unbearable for the future writer and became the cause of insomnia, which tormented the writer until the end of his days. The news of the boy's illness forced his mother to come to England. Having seen with her own eyes the conditions in which the children lived, Alice immediately took Rudyard and Trix from school.
At the age of 12, Rudyard entered the Devon military school, which prepared boys for entry into the military academy. His parents hoped that by choosing colonial military service, Rudyard would be able to return to India. Unfortunately, due to myopia, a military career was out of reach for Kipling. Nevertheless, studying at the Devon School allowed the boy to meet his father’s friend Cormell Price, who discovered Rudyard’s talent for writing and in every possible way contributed to deepening his knowledge of literature.
Creative career
After graduating from college in 1882, Kipling returned to India and worked as a journalist for the Civilian Military Gazette newspaper. It is in this publication that the author’s first works are published - poems and short stories.
Soon the newspaper "Pioner", published in Allahabad, invited the young journalist to write a series of essays about travel to different countries. Kipling studied with great interest the life of the peoples of Asia and America. Vivid impressions, obtained from acquaintance with different cultures, were embodied in six books published in 1888-1889. Literary world received the young author with enthusiasm, and critics noted the originality of his style.
Having traveled around England in 1889, he headed to China, visited Burma and Japan, and traveled around North America, and then returned to London, where he worked on new works and participated in literary life capital Cities.
While working on his second novel, Naulakha, Kipling met Walcott Balestier, an American publisher. The young people became close friends and co-authors of the story. Soon Balestir died - typhus took his life. Rudyard married his late friend's sister Caroline and moved to Vermont.
At the request of Mary Elizabeth Mapes Dodge Kipling writes works for children. In 1884, The Jungle Book was published from his pen, and in 1895, The Second Jungle Book. Children's works brought the author unprecedented popularity. He also publishes collections of poems “Seven Seas” and “White Theses”. The Kiplings have two children. A disagreement with their brother-in-law forced them to leave America and in 1896 the writer’s family returned to England.
In Britain in 1897 the novel “Brave Mariners” was published. The damp climate of England has a bad effect on the writer's health. At the insistence of doctors, he leaves for the winter in South Africa, where he meets A. Milner, S. Rhodes and L. S. Jameson.
In 1899, grief befell the Kipling family. In New York, their daughter Josephine died of pneumonia.
The outbreak of the Boer War forced the writer to leave again for South Africa, where he worked on publishing an army newspaper. Kipling openly demonstrates his support for Britain's imperial policies.
The novel "Kim", published in 1901, was received with enthusiasm by readers and critics. Modern experts consider it no less worthy of a work than the famous “Jungle Book”. In 1902, a collection of fairy tales, “Just So Tales,” was published, based on material collected during a trip to South Africa.
The sound of this surname – “Kipling” – always gave me exactly one association. Mowgli. Well, it’s completely in vain. The Lights Out is not in any way similar to The Jungle Book. I even have problems remembering the name of the author, it is so surprising to me that a completely realistic, restrained and in some sense everyday book about the fate of the artist came from the same pen that made animals speak human language. By the way, did you force it? Maybe this is the work of a children's Russian adaptation?
But I'll leave Mowgli alone and go back to Dick. Dick is the name of an artist who worked in the field of illustrating military correspondence. A guy with a difficult character turned out to be extremely purposeful. It felt like someone had revealed to him in advance where exactly he should focus the rays of true passion. Dick didn't waste much time; there were two tricks. He saw his calling in being a war artist and loving Maisie, the girl with whom he, by chance, grew up together.
Actually, this is not a story about Dick achieving any goals. He simply devoted himself selflessly to these two processes. Was he expecting any specific reward? Perhaps, but this is not the story of an achiever, no. Dick's two passions intertwined and fought, eclipsed one another and never left him, until his last breath. His path cannot be called straight. He was constantly confused. Either he plunged into the desperate fun of military everyday life, where Maisie found a secluded corner only in dreams, then he betrayed true art for the sake of the comfort brought by money, then he renounced his artistic essence in order to spare the feelings of the not particularly gifted but terribly ambitious mistress of his heart.
In general, it doesn’t matter that Dick is an artist. He could have been a writer, a sculptor, a composer. Anyone. Kipling does not reveal the specifics of serving the world of colors and images. He's talking about something else. About this choice that everyone constantly makes. About the fact that it is impossible to stay alive, betraying your calling, fearing it, agreeing to be in the wrong place and do the wrong thing for the sake of comfort. About fatal wounds. Not those that kill the body, but those that kill the soul. Whether what is happening is good or bad is not important, because it is not in our control. It is important that it be correct in the context of voluntarily chosen actions. It's so complicated. Cowardice, fatigue, uncertainty, inner darkness prevent a person from considering where he should go. Dick was immediately, from the very beginning, lucky - the lights were turned on, and usually he did not doubt his own choice. But where to go and is it worth living if the lights go out? Or are such thoughts also a kind of cowardice?
The sense of right and wrong oozes throughout Dick's story, from beginning to end. You can’t avoid how, as events unfold, some kind of bad, painful feeling appears inside – no, this is wrong! Logically, everything is so, and there is no other way out at all, but something orphan and pathetic is whining - no-no-no-no-no. And paradoxical peace is brought by events that are not particularly joyful, but do not raise any questions “is this right?”
Dick's story cannot be called phenomenal, but how correctly Kipling chose the language! It’s all like it’s happening right here, right next door, with someone you know well or even close to. Everything is described very casually, without pathos and accurately. Sometimes it even begins to seem that this is not a book, but one’s own memories. And that’s why the experiences become closer, the motives become clearer, the heroes become more dear. Which means the book is good. Correct.
Kipling Rudyard Joseph(1865-1936) - famous English writer and storyteller. The paradoxical world of Kipling's fantasies excites the imagination and amazes with its originality. Great fairy tales, which are read by more than one generation of children around the world, tell both about distant exotic countries, in small fairy tales, and in legends from knightly times, in the collection. And absolutely all children know the famous story about the boy “frog”, the wise python Kaa, the cunning panther Bagheera, and the evil tiger Shere Khan.
Mowgli - The Jungle Book
First Jungle Book
The Second Jungle Book
Tales of Old England
Little tales
Why does a whale only eat small fish?
How a hump appeared on the camel's back
How folds appeared on the skin of a rhinoceros
How the leopard became spotted
Why does Porcupine have such hairstyle?
Old Kangaroo's Request
How did armadillos appear?
How the first letter was written
How the first alphabet was compiled
Sea crab who played with the sea
Cat walking by itself
The moth that stomped its foot
The story of Tegumai taboos
Tales of Five Continents
Biography of Kipling by Rudyard Joseph
Joseph Rudyard Kipling(English) JosephRudyardKipling; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English writer, poet and short story writer.
Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in the Indian city of Bombay. Father, a major specialist in history Indian art, was the director of the museum; mother came from a prominent London family; both grandfathers were Methodist ministers. He received the name Rudyard, it is believed, in honor of the English lake Rudyard, where his parents met.
The first years of life in Kipling's biography were very happy. An Indian nanny taught little Rudyard to speak Hindi and introduced him to Indian fairy tales about animals. At the age of five he moved to England, where he lived and studied in a private boarding school.
But at the age of 5, he and his sister go to study in England. For 6 years he lived in a private boarding house, the owner of which (Madame Rosa) treated him poorly and punished him. This attitude affected him so much that he suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life.
At the age of 12, his parents enrolled him in a private Devon school so that he could then enter a prestigious military academy. (Later, Kipling will write about the years spent at the school autobiographical work"Stalky and Company"). The director of the school was Cormell Price, a friend of Rudyard's father. It was he who began to encourage the boy’s love for literature. Myopia did not allow Kipling to choose a military career, and the school did not provide diplomas for admission to other universities. Impressed by the stories written at school, his father found him a job as a journalist in the editorial office of the Civil and Military Newspaper, published in Lahore (British India, now Pakistan).
Kipling becomes a reporter and journalist in India. After this, the biography of Joseph Rudyard Kipling begins travels through Asia, the USA, and England.
Kipling's works are gaining great popularity. Kipling's novella was first published in 1980 (“The Light Has Gone Out”).
Having settled in London, Kipling marries. But soon, due to material shortages, he moves to relatives in the USA. It was there that his most famous works for children were written in the biography of D. R. Kipling: “The Jungle Book” (the first and second books).
In 1899, the writer returned to England, and in the same year he traveled around South Africa.
Two years later, Kipling published one of his most successful works - the novel "Kim". Among the others famous works writer: “Puck of the Hills”, “Rewards and Fairies”.
In 1900, as a special correspondent at the headquarters of the British army, Kipling went to South Africa, where he witnessed the main events of the Boer War.
In Africa, he begins to select material for a new children's book, which was published in 1902 under the title “Fairy Tales Just Like That” ( Just So Stories).
In 1907, Kipling became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his powers of observation, vivid imagination, maturity of ideas and outstanding talent as a storyteller." In the same year he received awards from the universities of Paris, Strasbourg, Athens and Toronto; He was also awarded honorary degrees from Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Durham universities.
Literary activity is becoming less and less intense. Another blow for the writer was the death of John's eldest son in the First World War. world war in 1915. Kipling and his wife worked in the Red Cross during wartime. After the war he becomes a member of the War Graves Commission. It was he who chose the biblical phrase “Their names will live forever” on the obelisks of memory. During one trip in 1922 to France, he met the English King George V, with whom he later struck up a great friendship.
Kipling continued his literary activity until the early 30s, although success accompanied him less and less. Since 1915, the writer suffered from gastritis, which later turned out to be an ulcer. Rudyard Kipling died of a perforated ulcer on January 18, 1936 in London. He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Among the works of Rudyard Kipling are poems, short stories, short stories, tales, novels: “Department Songs” (1886; collection of poems), “Simple Tales from the Mountains” (1888; collection of short stories), “The Light Has Gone Out” (1890; novel; Russian translation - in 1903), “Songs of the Barracks” (1892; collection of poems), “The Jungle Book” (1894; stories about Mowgli), “The Second Jungle Book” (1895; stories about Mowgli), “The Seven Seas” (1896; collection of poems), "Burden white man"(1899), "Kim" (1901; novel), "Just Tales" (1902), "Five Nations" (1903; collection of poems), "Puck of the Hills" (1906; collection " historical tales"), "Rewards and Fairies" (1910; collection of "historical tales").
By the middle of the writer’s life, his literary style had changed; now he wrote leisurely, carefully, carefully checking what he wrote. Two books of historical stories, “Puck from Puka Hill” (1906) and “Rewards and Fairies” (1910), are characterized by a higher structure of feelings, some of the poems reach the level pure poetry. Kipling continued to write stories, collected in the books Paths and Discoveries (1904), Action and Reaction (1909), Creatures of All Kinds (1917), Debt and Credit (1926), and Limitation and Renewal ( 1932). Kipling's popularity waned in the 1920s.
His the best works considered "The Jungle Book" ( The Jungle Book), "Kim" ( Kim), as well as numerous poems.
The rich language of Kipling's works, full of metaphors, made a great contribution to the treasury of the English language.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay, India. His father was the Principal and Professor of the Bombay School of Art. Mother was published in local magazines. In early childhood, Rudyard lived and studied in a private boarding school in England.
In 1878, Kipling entered the Devon School. After graduating from college, he began working in the editorial office of the English-language Civil and Military Newspaper. Rudyard returned to India only after 11 years of living in England.
Portrait of Rudyard Kipling. Artist J. Collier, c. 1892
Kipling's first collection of poems, Department Songs, was published in 1886. In 1888, a collection of short stories, Simple Stories from the Mountains, was published. From 1887 to 1889, Kipling created six collections of stories for the Library of India series. railway", designed for travelers. Kipling soon became very famous.
In 1889 Kipling returned to England. Many of his works were republished here. In 1892, the poetic collection “Songs of the Barracks” was published. Kipling and his wife, Caroline, moved to Vermont. Soon they had two daughters. The writer continued his literary activity. In 1893, he wrote “Many Schemes”; in 1894, “The Jungle Book” was published (a collection of stories that included famous story about Mowgli), in 1895 - “The Second Jungle Book”, in 1896 - the poetry collection “The Seven Seas”. In 1897, the story “Brave Sailors” was published.
Family circumstances led to the writer leaving America for England. Here he continued to write. In 1898, Kipling suffered a heavy loss - his daughter died of pneumonia. This tragedy is reflected in many works.
Kipling. Commandment (Letter to my son)
After the start Anglo-Boer War, in 1899 Kipling found himself in South Africa. Here he edited an army newspaper and was a political and military consultant.
In 1902 Kipling settled in Sussex. Here he bought a house, where he began to live permanently. In 1902, “Just So Fairy Tales” and “Puck from the Hills” were written. In 1906, a collection of children's stories was published. Kipling did not stay away from politics. He supported conservatives, spoke out against feminism, and talked about a possible war with Germany.
In 1907, Rudyard Kipling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for his powers of observation, vivid imagination, maturity of ideas and outstanding talent as a storyteller.” In the same year he received honorary degrees from Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Durham universities, as well as awards from the universities of Paris, Strasbourg, Athens and Toronto.
During First World War Kipling's son died. At this time, the writer himself and his wife worked in the Red Cross. In 1917, 1926, 1932 Several more of his collections were published.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling. Born December 30, 1865 in Bombay - died January 18, 1936 in London. English writer, poet and short story writer.
His best works are considered to be “The Jungle Book”, “Kim”, as well as numerous poems. In 1907 Kipling became first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. In the same year he received awards from the universities of Paris, Strasbourg, Athens and Toronto; He was also awarded honorary degrees from Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Durham universities.
Kipling's works are characterized by rich language, full of metaphors. The writer made a great contribution to the treasury of the English language.
Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, British India, into the family of local art school professor John Lockwood Kipling and Alice (MacDonald) Kipling. He received the name Rudyard, it is believed, in honor of the English Lake Rudyard, where his parents met. early years, full of exotic sights and sounds of India, were very happy for the future writer. But at the age of 5, he and his sister go to study in England. For 6 years he lived in a private boarding house, the owner of which (Madame Rosa) treated him poorly and punished him. This attitude affected him so much that he suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life.
At the age of 12, his parents enrolled him in a private Devon school so that he could then enter a prestigious military academy. (Later, Kipling would write an autobiographical work about the years spent at the school, “Stalky and Company”). The director of the school was Cormell Price, a friend of Rudyard's father. It was he who began to encourage the boy’s love for literature. Myopia did not allow Kipling to choose a military career, and the school did not provide diplomas for admission to other universities. Impressed by the stories written at school, his father found him a job as a journalist in the editorial office of the Civil and Military Gazette, published in Lahore (British India, now Pakistan).
In October 1882, Kipling returned to India and took up work as a journalist. IN free time he's writing short stories and poems, which are then published by the newspaper along with the reports. The work of a reporter helps him better understand various aspects of the country's colonial life. The first sales of his works began in 1883.
In the mid-80s, Kipling began traveling around Asia and the United States as a correspondent for the Allahabad newspaper Pioneer, with which he signed a contract to write travel essays. The popularity of his works is rapidly increasing; in 1888 and 1889, 6 books with his stories were published, which brought him recognition.
According to the English magazine Masonic Illustrations, Kipling became a Freemason around 1885, six months before the normal minimum age of 21. He was initiated into Hope and Perseverance Lodge No. 782, which was located in Lahore. Kipling loved his Masonic experience so much that he captured it as his ideals in the poem “The Mother Lodge.” He was also a member of the French Lodge "Builders of the Perfect City" No. 12, in St. Omer.
In 1889, he made a long journey to England, then visited Burma, China, and Japan. He travels all over the USA, crosses Atlantic Ocean and settles in London. He is beginning to be called the literary heir of Charles Dickens. In 1890, his first novel, The Light That Failed, was published. The most famous poems of that time are “The Ballad of East and West”, as well as “The Last Rhime of True Thomas”.
In London, he meets a young American publisher, Walcott Balestier, and they work together on the story “The Naulahka”. In 1892, Balestier dies of typhus, and soon after, Kipling marries his sister Caroline. During honeymoon The bank in which Kipling had his savings went bankrupt. The couple only had enough money to get to Vermont (USA), where Balestier’s relatives lived. They live here for the next four years.
At this time, the writer begins to write for children again; in 1894-95 the famous “The Jungle Book” and “The Second Jungle Book” were published. The collections of poetry “The Seven Seas” and “The White Theses” were also published. Two children are soon born: Josephine and Elsie. After a quarrel with his brother-in-law, Kipling and his wife returned to England in 1896.
In 1897, the story “Captains Courageous” was published.
In 1899, during a visit to the USA, he died of pneumonia. eldest daughter Josephine, which was a huge blow for the writer.
In 1899, he spends several months in South Africa, where he meets Cecil Rhodes, a symbol of British imperialism. In 1901, the novel “Kim” was published, which is considered one of best novels writer. In Africa, he begins to select material for a new children's book, which was published in 1902 under the title Just So Stories.
In the same year he buys Vacation home in Sussex County (England), where he remains for the rest of his life. Here he writes his famous books"Puck of Pook's Hill" and "Rewards and Fairies" are tales of Old England, united by the narrator - the elf Puck, taken from Shakespeare's plays. Simultaneously with his literary activity, Kipling began an active political activity. He writes about the impending war with Germany, speaks out in support of conservatives and against feminism.
Literary activity is becoming less and less intense. Another blow for the writer was the death of his eldest son John in the First World War in 1915. British filmmakers made a television film about this in 2007, “My Boy Jack” (directed by Brian Kirk, starring David Haig and Daniel Radcliffe). Kipling and his wife worked in the Red Cross during wartime. After the war he becomes a member of the War Graves Commission. It was he who chose the biblical phrase “Their names will live forever” on the obelisks of memory. During one trip in 1922 to France, he met the English King George V, with whom he later struck up a great friendship.
Kipling continued his literary activity until the early 30s, although success accompanied him less and less. Since 1915, the writer suffered from gastritis, which later turned out to be an ulcer. Rudyard Kipling died of a perforated ulcer on January 18, 1936 in London, 2 days before George V. He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.