In his poem N. A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who emerged from the people’s environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. This is Ermil Girin. Whatever position he is in, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. He gained honor and love “through strict truth, intelligence and kindness.”
The poet suddenly breaks off the story about Ermil, who was imprisoned at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanev district was rebelling. The pacifiers of the riot, knowing that the people would listen to Yermil, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people’s intercessor did not speak to the peasants about humility.
The type of democratic intellectual, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a farm laborer and a semi-impoverished sexton. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have died of hunger. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love with early years filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of God's gift,
On honest paths
I mourned a lot of them...
If in the era of the Decembrists they stood up to defend the people best people from the nobles, now the people themselves send their best sons from among themselves to battle, and this is especially important because it testifies to the awakening of national self-awareness:
No matter how dark the vahlachina is,
No matter how crammed with corvée
And slavery - and she,
Having been blessed, I placed
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha’s path is a typical path of a commoner democrat: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry,” but where he read a lot and thought a lot...
What next? Further known:
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet paints the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha has found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.
The image of Grisha contains not only the features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also the features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov movement, a poet-citizen.
The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song “Rus”:
The army rises - innumerable,
The strength in her will be indestructible!
In the poem there is an image of another people's defender– author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the author directly addresses readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language acquires a special coloring: along with folk vocabulary, there are many words that are bookish, solemn, romantically upbeat (“radiant”, “pompous”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the people’s happiness”, “grievous slavery”, “Rus' reviving ").
The author's direct statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author’s thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people’s happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in “the power of the people - a mighty force,” in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
Limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: There is a wide path before them!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good - . The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!
Essay on literature on the topic: Images of people’s intercessors in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
Other writings:
- For this war, the peasants needed leaders. The poem shows Ermil Girin and Grigory Dobrosklonov as people capable of becoming peasant leaders. Yermil Girin is described in the first chapter of the poem. He won honor “neither with money, nor with fear: with strict truth, with intelligence and kindness!” Being Read More......
- 1. Seven wanderers searching happy person. 2. Ermil Girin. 3. “Serf Woman” Matryona Timofeevna. 4. Grigory Dobrosklonov. The topic of searching for a happy life and “mother truth” occupies significant place V folklore tradition, on which N.A. Nekrasov relied when creating the poem “To whom in Rus' Read More ......
- I. Images of peasants and peasant women in poetry. 2. Heroes of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” 3. Collective image Russian people. Peasant Rus', the bitter lot of the people, as well as the strength and nobility of the Russian people, their age-old habit of work is one of the main Read More ......
- It’s not a matter for women to look for something happy. N. Nekrasov. Who lives well in Rus'? A significant part of N. A. Nekrasov’s work is devoted to the theme of the Russian people. The poet considered it his civic and human duty to raise the problem of the oppressed position of the peasantry, to highlight the difficult, sad aspects of life Read More ......
- The plot basis of the poem is the search for the happy in Rus'. N.A. Nekrasov aims to cover as widely as possible all aspects of the life of the Russian village in the period immediately after the abolition of serfdom. And therefore, a poet cannot do without a description of life Read More......
- In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nekra-sov, as if on behalf of millions of peasants, acted as an angry denouncer of the socio-political system of Russia and pronounced a severe sentence on it. The poet painfully experienced the submissiveness of the people, their downtroddenness, darkness. On the landowners Nekrasov Read More ......
- In all his works, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov addresses the people. And the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is no exception. Nekrasov brought poetry closer to the people, he wrote about the people and for the people. The only judge for the poet is the people. He glorifies, Read More......
- Topic “ people's suffering” was developed by the author throughout his work, it is characteristic of the works different years. Just remember such classic poems as “Troika”, “Forgotten Village”, “Reflections at the Main Entrance”, “ Railway" And the culmination of the development of this theme is as in the work of Read More......
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created in the mid-70s, during the period of a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of revolution. The populists, who preached revolutionary ideas, placed all their hopes on the peasantry. For the purpose of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of intelligentsia among the people began. However, “going to the people” was not successful. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the populists. The question of how to introduce revolutionary consciousness into the masses and direct them to the path of active struggle in the current situation arises especially acutely. In the populist environment at that time, there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author also joins this debate. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a living connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when “going to the people” failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a sexton who lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant” and an “unrequited farmhand” who salted her bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined life path Gregory.
... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobrosklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the “offended” and “humiliated”. He wants to be the first there, “...where it’s hard to breathe, where grief is heard.” He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasovsky revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that... every peasant can live freely and cheerfully throughout all holy Rus'!”
Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already taken the “honest” path. Like all revolutionaries,
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to fight.
The army is rising
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect Gregory’s words have on the Vakhlak peasants and the seven wanderers, how they infect them with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.
Grigory Dobrosklonov is the future leader of the peasantry, an exponent of their anger and reason. His path is difficult, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” embark on it; true happiness awaits a person on it, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, lies in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who can live well in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.
If only our wanderers could be under their own roof,
If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.
He heard the immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness.
The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful union of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to bridge the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are still only on the way to a “feast for the whole world.”
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian poet, the main theme of whose work will be the theme of the people. Already in “Elegy” N.A. Nekrasov will say: “I dedicated the lyre to my people.” However, the poet approaches the topic of the people differently; he expresses the ideals of democracy in his work. Yes, Nekrasov sympathizes with the oppressed people, but does not idealize them, and even accuses them of submission. The poet is trying to find the folk way fortunately. This is what it becomes main problem in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” where the hero is the entire numerous “peasant kingdom,” which was previously unknown in Russian literature.
However, in the poem folk theme develops and rises to the theme of searching for a “people's protector.” It is heroes who are able to lead others who are needed in order to find happiness for everyone. Such characters N.A. Nekrasov drew in the images of Yakim Nagogo, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin and, of course, Grisha Dobrosklonov.
Yakim Nagoy is a people's lover of truth, he is a beggar, like all peasants, but there is rebellion in him, an unwillingness to put up with injustice. This hero is able to defend his rights.
Another image is Ermila Girin. He is a favorite of the people, who speak of him like this:
...he will advise
And he will make inquiries;
Where there is enough strength, it will help out,
Doesn't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, he won’t take it!
Ermila Girin is not without sin: he fraudulently exempts his younger brother from military service, from being a soldier, but the people forgive him because they see true repentance. The hero has a heightened sense of conscience, he cannot find peace and judges himself very harshly: he leaves the mayor, hires a mill, and strives to make the situation of the peasants easier. But, despite his compassion and mercy for the people, he is not ready for a revolutionary action; it is enough for the hero that he is not guilty of anyone.
N.A. Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” shows us another type of Russian peasant, a “people's defender.” This is the image of Saveliy - the “hero of the Holy Russian”. It's already working. Despite the fact that he was sent to hard labor, he did not accept his fate: “branded, but not a slave.” This hero is a conductor and bearer of such best features character of the Russian people, such as justice, self-esteem, love for the homeland and people, hatred of their oppressors. Savely is a person who knows how, if necessary, to rally his comrades and captivate them with an idea. People like him will definitely take part, if necessary, in peasant riots and unrest.
A man who knows their needs is ready to devote his whole life to the struggle of the people. This is Grisha Dobrosklonov - the most conscious “people's defender”. It is for someone like Dobrosklonov, according to N.A. Nekrasov, the future of Russia. It is not for nothing that fate prepared for the hero “a glorious path, a great name for the people’s intercessor, consumption and Siberia.” Life goals and the poet expressed the ideals of this hero in the songs that Grisha sings. They are truly revolutionary; they already contain the idea of liberating the people from slavery. The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is an example of the fact that only those who choose for themselves the path of honor and truth can truly be happy.
Thus, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by N.A. Nekrasov shows that the answer to the question of how to find happiness can be given by people who have the strength to lead the masses. Yakim Nagoy, Ermila Girin, Savely are characters who see injustice towards the peasant, all the pain of the peasant, but are not ready to go against fate, whereas Grisha Dobrosklonov -new type The Russian person, in my opinion, is the embodiment of the author's ideal. Such a hero is capable of “sowing the reasonable, the good, the eternal.” He is the real “people's defender”!
In his poem N.A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who emerged from the people’s environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. This is Ermil Girin. Whatever position he is in, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. He gained honor and love with “strict truth, intelligence and kindness.”
The poet suddenly breaks off the story about Ermil, who was imprisoned at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanev district was rebelling. The pacifiers of the riot, knowing that the people would listen to Yermil, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people’s intercessor did not speak to the peasants about humility.
The type of democratic intellectual, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a farm laborer and a semi-impoverished sexton. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have died of hunger. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love filled Grisha’s heart from an early age and determined his path:
About fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of God's gift,
On honest paths
I cried for a lot of them...
If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to defend the people, now the people themselves send their best sons from among themselves to battle, and this is especially important because it testifies to the awakening of national self-awareness:
No matter how dark the vahlachina is,
No matter how crammed with corvée
And slavery - and she,
Having been blessed, I placed
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha’s path is a typical path of a commoner democrat: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry,” but where he read a lot and thought a lot...
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet paints the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha has found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.
The image of Grisha contains not only the features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also the features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov movement, a poet-citizen.
The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism is heard in the song “Rus”:
The army rises - innumerable,
The strength in her will be indestructible!
The poem contains the image of another people's defender - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the author directly addresses the readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language takes on a special coloring: along with folk vocabulary, there are many words that are bookish, solemn, romantically elevated (“radiant”, “sublime”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the people’s happiness”, “grievous slavery”, “Rus' reviving ").
The author's direct statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author’s thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people’s happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in “the power of the people - a mighty force”, in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
Limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: There is a wide path before them!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good - . The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!..
Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world,
The field of life would die out...
N. A. Nekrasov. In memory of Dobrolyubov
The poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is rightfully considered the poet’s main book, his highest achievement. And not only because we have an encyclopedic coverage of Russian reality, showing representatives of almost all classes of society, typical for a turning point in the country’s history, illuminated by the poetic genius of Nekrasov. The work is multi-layered and multifaceted. The poet created his own general ledger for the people and in the name of the people, expressing them cherished dreams and aspirations. “Who lives well in Rus'” sounds like an indictment against modern poet state structure.
At the same time, the poem is a hymn to the courage and fortitude of the Russian people. Among the gallery of images of sufferers and toilers, rogues and rebels, Nekrasov also shows us a people's intercessor - one who, coming from among the people themselves, will influence their views and beliefs, and will be able to lead them.
This is the first image in Russian literature of a fighter who came from among his people, flesh of his flesh. The son of a rural sexton and seminarian, Grigory Dobrosklonov does not belong to the clergy class, since in Russia since 1868 this category did not enjoy the privileges of the clergy, but lived by the fruits of its labors, that is, eked out a meager existence as a peasant. The motif of Gregory’s hungry childhood, fed half-and-half bread with his mother’s tears, is repeated several times in the poem; his “emaciated face”, life in the seminary,
Where it was dark, cold,
Gloomy, stern, hungry,
where they woke up before the light and waited “greedily for the rusher,” where “the thrifty grabber was underfed.”
With a heart filled with love for his own mother and gratitude to the land that nurtured him, lending a helping hand in difficult times, the hero chooses his path in life. There is no calculation in him, no desire to take the “high road”:
Eternal boils there,
Inhuman
Feud-war
For mortal blessings...
Grisha chooses the “honest road”:
They walk along it
Only strong souls
Loving,
To fight, to work.
For the bypassed, for the oppressed...
This is a conscious choice from the age of fifteen, the love for the homeland in his heart merged with the love for his poor mother - and there is no more sincere affection, sincere patriotism, which is why the words “motherland” are so natural in his mouth. Gregory already knew for sure
Who will he give his whole life to?
And for whom he will die.
Refusing personal benefits and benefits, he is going to university not for himself, not for a future career, but in order to bring more benefits native people.
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God willing,
So that my fellow countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely - fun
All over holy Rus'!
How does this remind us of Dobrolyubov, whose surname is so easily guessed in the hero’s name, and Rakhmetov, the hero of N. G. Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” - whose name was on the lips of the reading public during the writing of the poem. This is what the poem says about them:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of God's gift,
On honest paths
I mourned a lot of them
(While the falling star
They're rushing by!).
Behind the sons of Rus' one can discern the figures of N. G. Chernyshevsky, V. G. Belinsky, T. G. Shevchenko, in this cohort of fighters for people's happiness Nekrasov brings his hero.
No matter how dark the vahlachina is,
No matter how crammed with corvée
And slavery - and she,
Having been blessed, I placed
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
It was not for nothing that Nekrasov also made his hero a poet - his comrade-in-arms in the struggle. His songs “from the heart itself” are not only evidence of a blood connection with the Russian people, spiritual unity with their world, but also an attempt to comprehend what is happening, to realize one’s own life credo. Following the songs “Hungry” and “Salty”, which recreate gloomy, hopeless pictures of the life of the people, other lines appear, marking fundamental changes in society, the growth of self-awareness of the people:
Enough! Finished with past settlement.
The settlement with the master has been completed!
The Russian people are gathering strength
And learns to be a citizen...
Developing the theme of the growth of popular indignation, the formation of a citizen, Grigory Dobrosklonov composes his main song - “Rus”.
He sings about “a free heart saved in slavery,” about the mighty power of the people, creating a vivid, unique metaphor showing the growth of popular indignation and revolutionary upsurge:
Rus' does not move,
Rus' is like dead!
And she caught fire
Hidden spark -
They stood up - unwounded,
They came out - uninvited,
Live by the grain
The mountains have been destroyed!
The army is rising -
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
Nekrasov considers him, the only one among the heroes of the poem, happy, because, in the opinion of the poet-fighter, only a fighter for the people's cause is happy. Nekrasov ends the story about Grisha on an optimistic note, endowing the hero with indestructible strength and, most importantly, faith in a bright future, readiness and desire to give his life for his homeland:
He heard immense sounds in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness!..