Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” poses the question specifically, and it can be perceived as follows: who is considered happy in Rus', are there any among the Russians? The poet relies on folk traditions: here is the beginning as in a fairy tale, and folk songs, and repetitions of thoughts. The reader notices and fairy-tale heroes and objects: a talking bird, a self-assembled tablecloth, a hero. All fairy tales raise the problem of good and evil; ultimately, good triumphs.
Seven men from different villages travel around Russia and look for happiness. They never saw him, because they worked for the landowner from morning to evening, ate almost nothing, and did not see the world. Men think that the most important thing is wealth, peace and honor. They look for these qualities in representatives of different social strata. Maybe the landowners are happy? Butts? Merchants? Boyars?
The priest explains that he is tired of constantly going to weddings and funerals, but no income, because after the abolition of serfdom, the rich landowners disappeared, and the peasants still had no money.
The landowner Obolt-Obolduev recalls happiness in the past tense: he had a house and honor. After 1861, the garden had to be cut down, and the fields remained unsown, because there was no one to work on them. Sad
At the fair - different people. One old woman boasted of a large rutabaga, the soldier was pleased that he returned alive from the war, the stonecutter was proud of his physical strength, Sheremetyev’s slave was pleased that he was still serving his master. They drink a glass for happiness, only now the peasants want more and more native land to work for the good of Russia, and freely.
We understand that the wanderers have not yet found happiness. But happy can be called those who managed to survive in difficult situations and remain human. Savely, the “hero of Holy Russia” knew both hard labor and poverty. Matryona Timofeevna, a “portaneous woman,” remembers hunger, the death of a small child, and loneliness with her husband, a recruit, alive. This woman’s soul shines in her eyes. Happiness? Ermila Girin feels other people. One day he went against justice, he wanted his brother not to serve in the army. Then he repented before all the people and received forgiveness. He borrowed money to buy a mill - and paid back every penny. But seven men only heard about Girin, because he, “happy,” was sitting in prison at that moment.
Grisha Dobrosklonov, the last in the gallery of “happy ones”. From childhood he knew that he would live for the sake of the people, he would go through hard labor in Siberia, but he would create normal conditions for his neighbor. Grisha believes in the best, “educates” people, works on their psychology, squeezes out a slave drop by drop.
Happy, according to Nekrasov, will be the one who becomes a CITIZEN, PATRIOT, A FREE man. And Grisha Dobrosklonov is perceived by readers as the defender of all the humiliated and insulted.
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person in Nekrasov’s time. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author still makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.
Readers first meet Grisha in the chapter “ Good time- good songs,” during the feast, thanks to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is initially associated with the concept of national happiness. His father, the parish clerk, is loved by the people - it’s not for nothing that he is invited to the peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as “ simple guys, kind ones,” just like the men, they mow and “drink vodka on holidays.” So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his entire life with the people.
Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant.” Even the cat and dog chose to run away from the family, unable to bear the hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has an “easy disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, his sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts about his children, but he forgot to think about whether they were full.
Things are no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the “economy grabber.” That is why Grisha has an “emaciated” face - sometimes from hunger he cannot sleep until the morning, he is still waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader’s attention on precisely this feature of Grisha’s appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could have been a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for free and happy life, but for now living in a completely different way.
Since childhood, Grisha has been familiar first-hand with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather strengthens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: he must live solely for the good of his people, no matter how poor and wretched they may be. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, the caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short life because of her labors...
The image of Grisha’s mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman dearly loved by Nekrasov, resigned, unrequited, and at the same time carrying within herself a huge gift of love. Grisha, her “beloved son,” did not forget his mother after her death; moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachina. The last maternal gift is the song “Salty”, testifying to the depth mother's love- will accompany Grisha all his life. He hums it in the seminary, where it is “gloomy, strict, hungry.”
And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally deprived.
Note that songs are very important for characterizing Grisha in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by Nekrasov. They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the hero’s ideas and aspirations, and his main life priorities are clearly visible.
The first of the songs sounding from Grisha’s lips conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It is clear that he perfectly understands all the problems that were tearing the country apart: slavery, ignorance and shame of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify even the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for home country. And at the same time, the song sounds hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!”...
Grisha's next song - about a barge hauler - enhances the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly acquired pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies the hero moves on to the depiction of “all mysterious Rus'” - this is how the song “Rus” is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which one can hear faith in the future: “The army is rising - innumerable.” However, someone is needed to become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.
There are two paths, so Grisha believes, one of them is wide, rough, but along it is a crowd greedy for temptations. There goes eternal struggle for “perishable blessings”. It is along it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are initially directed. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, “tight but honest.” Only strong and loving souls follow this path, wanting to intercede for the offended. Among them is the future people’s intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing “a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia.” This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, this is the only way - in unity with all the people - and one can become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” within himself. At home, his delight is confirmed and shared by his brother, who speaks of Grisha’s song as “divine” - i.e. finally admitting that the truth is on his side.
Work test
The image of the “people's defender”. He is seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov - the son of a “unrequited farm laborer” and a rural sexton who lived “poorer than the last seedy peasant.” Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, accelerated his spiritual maturation and determined life path Grisha:
...at the age of fifteen, Gregory already knew for sure.
What will live for happiness
A wretched and dark native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Grisha Dobroklonov is a fighter for people's happiness; he wants to be the first where “it’s hard to breathe, where grief is heard.”
In the image of Grigory Nekrasov, he gave an answer to the question: what should a fighter for the people's interests do?
Go to the downtrodden
Go to the offended
They need you there.
Gregory joins the ranks of those. who is ready “to fight, to work for the bypassed, for the oppressed.” Grisha's thoughts are constantly turned “to all mysterious Rus', to the people.” In his soul, “with love for his poor mother, love for all the trash merged.” Gregory is a faithful son of the people. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov sees a representative of the working masses, vitally connected with it: “No matter how dark the Vakhlachina is,” no matter how clogged it is with corvée labor and slavery, “with blessing, she placed such a messenger in Grigory Dobrosklonov.” Concerns about personal well-being are alien to him; for him, “the share of the people, their happiness, light and freedom come first.”
The Nekrasovsky revolutionary is ready to give his life so that “every peasant can live happily and freely throughout Holy Rus'.”
Grisha is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already taken the “honest path” and fought for an “honest cause.” He, like other fighters,
Fate was preparing
The path is glorious
the great name of the People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Grisha is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his life. He knows that his homeland is “destined to suffer a lot more,” but he believes that it will not perish, and therefore he feels “immense strength in his chest.” He sees that a people of many millions is awakening to fight:
The army is rising
Countless!
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory.
To answer the main question of the poem - who lives well in Rus'? - Nekrasov responds with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the people's intercessor. That's why the poet says:
If only our wanderers could be under their own roof.
If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.
The path that Grisha Dobrosklonov follows is difficult, but beautiful. “Only strong, loving souls” take this path. True happiness awaits a person on it, for only one can be happy, says Nekrasov, who devotes himself to the struggle for the good and happiness of the people.
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The great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov began work on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” soon after the abolition of serfdom. His main goal was to show that nothing had changed in the lives of the peasants. They remained as dependent on the landowners as they were. To become free, it was necessary to pay the owner a large compensation money, but where could the poor peasant get it? So the men and women continued to go to corvée and pay exorbitant rent.
It was painful for Nikolai Alekseevich to look at the humiliated position of the poor. Therefore, in his poem he introduces the image of the people's intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov.
We first meet Dobrosklonov in the chapter “Good times - good songs.” This is a young man who “at about fifteen years old... already knew firmly that he would live for the happiness of his murdered and dark native corner.” Even the name of this hero speaks for itself: a penchant for good.
By creating this image, the poet strives to show in it public figure with progressive views. Grigory Dobrosklonov is close to the common people because he also experienced hunger and need, injustice and humiliation.
One of the songs that Grisha sings talks about two ways to rebuild society. One road, “the spacious, slave of passions,” is chosen “to temptation by a greedy crowd,” the other, “the narrow, honest road,” is chosen only by “strong, loving souls, ready to defend the oppressed.” Here is a call to all progressive people:
Go to the downtrodden
Go to the offended -
Be the first there.
But the second way is very difficult.
It is chosen by people with strong character and stubborn will. This is Gregory:
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
Despite everything, the young man believes in a bright future for Russia. Through songs, he tries to influence the intelligentsia so that they wake up and begin to protect the common people.
And in the song “Rus” lyrical hero appeals to everyone ordinary people with the hope that in the near future they will choose a more effective path to eradicate the enslavers and oppressors:
You're miserable too
You are also abundant
You're downtrodden
You are omnipotent
Mother Rus'!
Gregory himself calls this song a noble hymn, which embodies “people's happiness.” The people are powerful and great.
When he wakes up, the country will turn into a mighty power. It is in the people that the author sees the power that can change the established state of affairs:
The army is rising -
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
Consequently, with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author shows the ways to achieve happiness. He believes that only those who fight for the interests of the entire people can be happy. Nekrasov also creates a program of action for those who have chosen the path of people's intercessors.
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Updated: 2018-01-16
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Essay on the topic “The image of the people’s intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov. 3.00 /5 (60.00%) 2 votes
In Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” we see a huge variety of images and heroes. They are all different: rich and poor, workers and clergy, bares and princes. Each of the images is important and undoubtedly carries great meaning.
All the heroes of the poem can be divided into two groups. The first group are peasants and workers. These include Yakim Nagogo, Ermila Grinin, old man Savely, Ipat, Klim and other peasants. This group of people are simple workers who have fallen into economic dependence and cannot find real happiness. Each of them tells its own story, they are all different, but they have the same meaning: the difficult lot of the Russian people does not allow them to live calmly and happily. The peasants are in constant subordination, one might even say “slavery,” to their masters. Constantly busy with hard work, enduring all the hardships of everyday peasant life, people could “rest” only on holidays. The only entertainment for the working peasants was drinking. Bitter drunkenness killed many of them.
The second group is the boyars, princes - the ruling class. Many of the peasants are slavishly devoted to them and are happy that they can obey the boyars.
Among the diversity of all the heroes, one can single out one, not like everyone else. This is Grigory Dobrosklonov. Grisha is the son of a village sexton; he is one of the representatives of the peasantry in the poem. The life of this hero should be different from that of the peasants, because according to the law, serfdom should not have applied to church employees. But the life of Grigory Dobrosklonov and his relatives was no different from the life of other working peasants. The hero is close to peasant life, he experienced first-hand all the hardships and worries of the peasants. From childhood, Gregory was brave and was not afraid of work or hard life. This is how Nekrasov writes about him:
"And soon in the boy's heart
With love to the poor mother
Love for all size
Merged - and about fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
Who will he give his whole life to?
And for whom he will die.”
In support of the above, I quote: “In love for the people, he found something unshakable, some kind of unshakable and holy outcome to everything that tormented him. And if so, then, therefore, I did not find anything more holy, unshakable, truer than to bow to. He couldn’t rely on all self-justification only in poems about the people. And if so, then it follows that he bowed before the People’s Truth. If I did not find anything in my life more worthy of love than the people, then, therefore, I recognized both the People’s Truth, and the Truth in the people, and that the truth exists and is preserved only in the people. If he did not admit it completely consciously, not in conviction, then he recognized it in his heart, irresistibly, irresistibly. In this vicious man, whose humiliating and humiliating image tormented him so much, he found, therefore, something true and sacred, which he could not help but honor, to which he could not help but respond with all his heart.” (From “A Writer’s Diary”) S. A. Andreevsky.
We see that Gregory was ready to intercede, fight and, if necessary, fight for the people. In my opinion, Nekrasov compares this hero with himself and through his actions and words expresses his attitude to what is happening around him.
Grigory Dobrosklonov, who grew up in a poor family of a lazy and untalented sexton, in hunger and cold, was hardened by life from childhood. That is why he determined for himself so early life goal and did not retreat a single step from her.
The hero has such important qualities as the ability to compassion, intelligence, intelligence, strong beliefs, hard work, and physical health.
The significance of this hero in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is great; we can say that the image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is main image throughout the poem.
Nekrasov with all his creativity, and in particular with this poem, wanted to convey to the people the need to fight for their lives, for better life, for your rights. The poet believed that the most important thing is to fight for happiness.
Using the example of other heroes, Nekrasov shows us the outcome of people who want to “go with the flow,” who are lazy and believe that nothing will work out for them. For example, Yakim Nagoy saw his happiness in drinking, like many others. Many of the peasants believed that they needed to wait a while and everything would work out on its own. This opinion is wrong; the poet calls on everyone to live like Grisha Dobrosklonov, like a true fighter for the happiness of the people. Nekrasov writes that “incalculable power” lurks in the Russian people. Only this power was used in an unnecessary direction. The poet called on the peasants to fight for their lives, for happiness and a decent future. Grigory Dobrosklonov, a courageous, strong and brave hero, was “appointed” as a role model for Nekrasov.