A guide for beginning entrepreneurs. Lending from funds and individuals. Who receives subsidies?

No instability in the economy will stop a true entrepreneur from starting a business. However, lack of funds always becomes an obstacle, and sometimes seems insurmountable. But there are no problems that cannot be solved. You can try to get a government subsidy to start your own business. The legislation provides for the opportunity to receive a subsidy for opening and supporting small businesses. There is a certain list of assistance that can be received from the state:

• subsidies for the unemployed, for opening own business;
• assistance for the development of their own business, provided for beginning businessmen;
• the state can act as a guarantor in a loan or leasing agreement;
• partial compensation of interest on loans;
• partial repayment of debt under a leasing agreement;
• facilitating the issuance of preferential loans;
• reimbursement of expenses that were spent on participation in fairs or exhibitions;
• preferential taxation.

Subsidies for the unemployed

People who have lost their jobs are given the opportunity to receive subsidies to start their own business. Today you can get about 59 thousand rubles. This type subsidies are provided free of charge. To receive assistance, it is necessary that the person is registered at the employment center as unemployed and. Some regional job center offices offer short preliminary training in the basics entrepreneurial activity.

Most often they help projects that have a social orientation or involve the creation of new jobs. You cannot receive a subsidy if your business activity involves the circulation of alcohol, network marketing or opening a pawn shop. For each hired employee you can receive an additional 59 thousand rubles.

The only negative is that if the business lasts less than 1 year, then the government money will have to be returned.

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Help for beginning businessmen

The amount of subsidies in this case is more impressive, about 300 thousand rubles. But in order to at least have the right to apply for help, the business must have already existed for at least 1 year.

You will have to draw up and defend your business project. Conditions for state participation in the project are 50X50 or 50X70. You can spend money on purchasing equipment, purchasing raw materials, or even paying rent. The main condition is that the company should not have debts on social benefits and taxes. Mostly money is given for socially significant projects, that is, for business in the field of healthcare and consumer services.

Guarantee in contracts

In almost every region there are guarantee funds that have the right to guarantee banks for a specific entrepreneur. Such assistance is provided on a paid basis; you will have to pay about 1.5% of the transaction amount for which a guarantee is required. The entrepreneur and the guarantee fund must be located in the same region.

Partial interest repayment

Such assistance can be provided to almost any type of business activity. The amount of compensation largely depends on the refinancing rate that is in effect at the time of assistance and the size of the loan agreement.

Partial reimbursement of expenses under the leasing agreement

This program is provided mainly for those entrepreneurs who have entered into leasing agreements for the purchase vehicles and production equipment. The amount of partial repayment largely depends on the region. For example, in Moscow you can count on a subsidy of 5 million rubles.

Preferential loans

To become a participant in preferential lending, you must contact the business support fund at the location of the entrepreneur. The amount of assistance can be a minimum of 10 thousand rubles, or a maximum of 1 million rubles. The average loan term is 2 years.

Not all aspiring entrepreneurs are aware that they are entitled to government subsidies for starting a small business in 2019. But government subsidies are an opportunity to receive a certain amount to replenish starting capital without burdening yourself with expensive loans and getting into endless debt. It is important to take into account the fact that the state deduction is provided without mandatory repayment.

The state is interested in the development of small businesses, since it revitalizes the economic situation, contributes to market expansion, and the development of the competitiveness of domestic production.

Last year, the Russian Federation was ready to spend 17 billion rubles on subsidies to small businesses based on the budget. In 2019, this amount, unfortunately, was reduced to 11 billion rubles. It can be assumed that these funds will most likely finance projects that have already begun. Nevertheless, many are attracted by the opportunity to receive a subsidy from the state to open and run a business. The following structures provide support to start-up entrepreneurs:

• Employment Center;
• Department of Entrepreneurship;
• Local administration.

Let us note that those individual entrepreneurs who have gone through all stages of development and taken advantage of the state subsidy program note the favorable conditions for obtaining subsidies and the efficiency of the entire procedure.

It is worth noting that the financial contributions in question are gratuitous, unlike commercial bank loans. An individual entrepreneur, receiving such a subsidy, assumes a certain range of obligations, but they are not directly financial in nature. At the moment, these norms remain relevant.

In addition, special support in the field of innovation is planned in 2019, agriculture, medicine, tourism and, of course, education. Economic analysts are already predicting a significant surge in the activity of small and medium-sized businesses.
Experience has shown that receiving subsidies from Russian state is a fairly effective and expedient mechanism for activating the small and medium-sized enterprise segment. Main feature is that the conditions of entrepreneur support programs may differ in different regions.

Algorithm for processing government subsidies in 2019

The procedure for obtaining a subsidy for small business development is characterized by some technical and legal features. First of all, you need to be an official entrepreneur. If such a status exists, then it is necessary:

• registration of an individual entrepreneur as an unemployed person at the Employment Center and inclusion in the relevant state registers;
• providing the Employment Center with a thoroughly developed business plan (this document includes the intended scope and nature of future activities, indicating the location of the enterprise; the need for technical equipment and raw materials supplies; the level of expected income; an analysis of the profitability of the project as a whole);
• approval of the business plan at the Employment Center;
• registration of individual entrepreneurs with the Federal Tax Service;
• re-applying to the Employment Center with an application for subsidized funds, supported by a package necessary documentation;
• conclusion of a subsidiary agreement between the individual entrepreneur and the state.

The fundamental feature of this small business financing system is that there is no need for repayment material resources received by individual entrepreneurs from government agencies when opening a new enterprise.

The initial stage of processing subsidies when opening a private enterprise is handled by the Employment Center - this is where all the basic information about the business activity of all categories of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated. The employment center reviews business ideas submitted by applicants and determines their viability.

All initial information about the individual entrepreneur, his business plan, and the projected level of economic efficiency passes through the Employment Center.

In 2019, the role of the Employment Center in the procedure for regulating the economic activity of the population is expected to be further strengthened, this is due to the fact that many citizens are now in search of a permanent source of income. In addition, it is necessary to achieve maximum transparency and efficiency of the mechanism for obtaining government subsidies.

In particular, the Employment Center provides a full range of necessary documentation in the shortest possible time, and the employees of the Employment Center are highly qualified and ready at any time to provide the full range of theoretical and practical assistance required by individual entrepreneurs at the stage of registering and opening their own business.

Every individual entrepreneur when opening his own enterprise (even a franchise) has the right to receive state support. The amount of such a subsidy varies depending on many factors, including social status entrepreneur, but cannot be less than 60 thousand rubles.

Insurance, lending and banking services are not subject to government subsidies.

Funds can be obtained for all other legal activities if the entrepreneur has his own start-up capital in the amount specified by law.

It is much easier for individuals with Moscow registration to obtain subsidies in the capital, and, in addition, such entrepreneurs have several categories of subsidies to choose from.

Capital registration also determines the general subsidizing algorithm, which is not always fair for beginning entrepreneurs from other, more distant regions Russian Federation.

An individual entrepreneur, receiving a subsidy, undertakes to spend this financial amount on the development of his own business, but he can determine the scope of the initial use of capital independently. For example, funds can be directed to:

• improving the material and technical base of the enterprise;
• purchase necessary equipment and industrial capacities;
• renovation, expansion and construction of new premises for the enterprise;
• purchase of raw materials for production;
• expansion of staff;
• costs of the company's intangible assets.

Individual entrepreneurs may also be provided with other expense items associated with opening and developing their own business. In general, the legislation of the Russian Federation is quite liberal in the distribution of subsidies. The entrepreneur enjoys complete freedom regarding the use of funds received as a result of subsidies.

An important point when receiving financial assistance in 2019 is that if the individual entrepreneur applying for a subsidy has not officially worked anywhere for the last five years, the Employment Center specialists can legally refuse to receive financial assistance. After all, if a person previously had money from somewhere for everyday needs, then he will be able to provide for himself in the future.

It is worth remembering that subsidies for business development are free of charge. The return of subsidized funds is not provided for by law. The only exceptions may be certain cases stipulated by the mechanism for providing subsidies.

The only condition is to receive complete and reliable reporting from the entrepreneur on the costs incurred. The collection and verification of this information is carried out by the Employment Center, as well as fiscal control authorities.

In case of misuse of the provided funds, the state has the right to demand their return, taking into account a certain amount of penalty. However, such precedents are extremely rare, since most beginning entrepreneurs are extremely responsible about the opportunity to receive financial government support for the development of their own business.

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Today, not all people are satisfied with hired work - a small income that cannot be regulated independently. To receive maximum profit, many decide to open their own business. It can be controlled, take an active part in any transformations, develop and expand. But any business, even a small one, requires initial capital. For those who do not have enough funds to create an enterprise, the state is ready to provide financial and organizational assistance.

What kind of government assistance can small businesses expect?

Russia has adopted a program according to which everyone who decides to become an entrepreneur has a chance to receive a financial state. assistance to small businesses, completely free of charge. The amount of monetary compensation has certain limits, which differ in different regions. Many people have the right to receive such a subsidy, but due to objective circumstances and subjective reasons, not everyone can secure such support. In addition to financial assistance, funds for which come from the state budget, aspiring entrepreneurs are offered property assistance. This means the state’s willingness to lease certain property to small businesses at low rates or even free of charge: real estate, technical equipment, land use facilities, etc.

Limitations of the government assistance program

Not every entrepreneur can count on assistance from the state in developing a small business. For example, if a person has been registered as an entrepreneur for more than one year, he is no longer subject to this program. Great value has the scope of activity of small businesses, because specially created commissions necessarily consider each application and do not respond positively to everyone. The entrepreneur is also required to have own money necessary to start a business. The state will be able to compensate from 40 to 60% of the costs, and often this amount does not exceed 300,000 rubles; the rest will have to be paid from your own wallet. Of course, these are to purchase equipment and create a competitive enterprise, but it is not profitable for the state to fully sponsor businessmen. This is only partial assistance from the state to small businesses, which gives it the opportunity to control the small business system.

Articles for receiving subsidies under government programs

The small business assistance program in Russia includes several articles that involve receiving a subsidy:

• opening an enterprise;
• opening a business;
• rental of premises;
• purchase of equipment and computer equipment;
• obtaining a license;
• training of specialists;
• participation in promotions and exhibitions.

Consultation on these issues can be obtained at employment centers and specialized centers. The regional administration must provide residents with the addresses of these branches.

How to get financial support

If you have already thought about starting your own business, but do not have the necessary amount of money, then you can get help from the state for small businesses. First you need to draw up a business plan and submit it to the employment center for consideration. The amount of the subsidy issued by this organization is 58,800 rubles. (4900 rubles - monthly multiplied by 12 months). The procedure for reviewing a business plan and allocating money can take up to 6 months.

What is needed to receive start-up capital from the state

Firstly, that is, have unemployed status. To do this, you will need the following documents:

• passport,
• work book,
• educational documents, certificates and diplomas,
• pension insurance certificate,
• completed form-certificate of average salary for 3 months for last place work.

Note that the following are not unemployed:

• citizens under 16 years of age;
• women on maternity leave;
• full-time students;
• old age pensioners;
• citizens working employment contract or registered as an LLC or individual entrepreneur;
• disabled people from non-working groups.

Next, at the employment center you need to write an application to receive a subsidy from the state for the development of small businesses. Think through in detail and draw up detailed business plan, containing many calculations, graphs and tables. Once approved, you must register as legal entity(organize an LLC or individual entrepreneur). The tax office will give you a list of documents, copies of which you need to provide. After this, the agreed upon amount will be credited to your bank account. cash, which can be rented and purchased necessary equipment specified in the business plan.

Very important point: the employment center will need to provide a financial report, which should reflect all costs for equipment, wages employees, deductions to the tax and pension fund. If you received financial assistance for a small business from the state, you need to be responsible for every penny of this amount spent.

Other government assistance options

Possible assistance from the state to small businesses consists not only of issuing money for the creation of an enterprise, it could be repayment of interest on an already taken out loan or the bank issuing a new loan with a reduced interest rate. Today, many banks issue loans to entrepreneurs, and they, in turn, prefer to contact the bank. After all, in this case, they will not have to report where they spent the funds received; they just need to pay a certain amount on time.

The state also organizes so-called business incubators, where you can get qualified assistance both in drawing up a business plan and in training employees in new skills in organizing and running their own business. In addition, in these centers you can rent a room inexpensively and place all your employees there, so they can always turn to experienced professionals for help.

Each of us has the opportunity to receive help and support from the state to create and develop our own business; all that remains is to decide on the direction of activity.

Many people dream of opening their own business. However, very often any aspirations or undertakings can be dashed due to a simple lack of funds to get started. Finding start-up capital can be a huge problem, because in order to obtain a loan or loan you need to provide serious collateral, which most start-up businessmen simply do not have. However, there is no need to despair in this situation. After all, you can always take advantage of government subsidies.

The concept of “subsidy” implies the receipt of a certain amount of funds for certain purposes. As a rule, they are provided free of charge and do not require return. The purpose of government programs for subsidizing small businesses is to support entrepreneurs and develop small businesses in the country.

Rural residents have a good chance of receiving subsidies. For example, he can count on them.

Drawing up a business plan will speed up receiving a subsidy. Why and for whom is a business plan made?

Who subsidizes small businesses?

Various government agencies are involved in issuing subsidies for start-up entrepreneurs. There are subsidies for the unemployed to start a business, and it is possible to obtain funds from local employment centers. When registering as unemployed, you can expect that the state can pay the entire amount of the benefit in one lump sum if the person offers a real business plan and prepared calculations.

Targeted subsidies for starting a business or developing an existing business are issued by Entrepreneurship Support Centers, which are open in each region. As a rule, they work in close cooperation with municipal authorities.

Types of subsidies

Today in the Russian Federation there are several different types subsidies and programs under which they are provided. They differ from each other in their purpose. Subsidies are provided strictly for specific industries and specific purposes. Usually these are sectors and areas of the economy that the state seeks to support and develop in the short or medium term. As for programs for small or medium-sized businesses, they differ for each individual region. The main document that regulates them is Federal law“On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation.” In addition, local legal requirements must also be taken into account. The most common and popular are subsidies for starting or growing a business.

Who can receive a subsidy for starting or developing a business?

To receive a subsidy for starting a business, you must register at the branch of the Employment Center at your place of residence. After this, those wishing to receive funds must write a corresponding application. The next step is preparing a business plan. It is reviewed and assessed by a special commission. If it finds the business plan to meet the current criteria, then the grant is approved. After this, the recipient of the subsidy is registered as an individual entrepreneur. A subsidy for the development of small businesses is issued after submitting a package of documents issued by the Federal Tax Service.

To receive a subsidy for business development, you must be the owner of an existing enterprise in the form of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. There may be separate subsidies for individual entrepreneurs. In this case, the age of the company should not be more than one year. However, some programs allow the issuance of subsidies to firms that have been operating for up to two years. It is good if the area of ​​activity of the enterprise is a priority for the region in which the subsidy is issued. Otherwise, officials may refuse to provide material resources for development. Lists of priority activities for the region are often published on the official websites of local territorial centers for supporting small businesses.

One of the most significant conditions will be the use of allocated funds received exclusively for their intended purpose. This means that the entrepreneur will not be able to manage the money at his own discretion.

The following may be standard purposes for using a subsidy:

• payment for raw materials necessary for production;
• payment for machines or other equipment, as well as consumables. Which are needed to carry out the activities of the enterprise;
• purchase of necessary technologies or means software, as well as patents or other types of intangible assets.

As a rule, the period of use of money is limited in time. Usually this is one to two years. However, there may be exceptions.

Most subsidy programs include a condition according to which the funds invested by the entrepreneur himself in the project must be a certain proportion compared to the amount of the subsidy. For example, the funds invested by the organization itself should be about 60% of the amount requested from the state. The specific percentage will be determined in accordance with the terms of each individual program.

You also need to know that some enterprises cannot receive a subsidy in principle. Thus, the state does not help in the development of companies that are engaged in the production or trade of alcohol or tobacco products. Firms that rent equipment also cannot receive subsidies.

Business plan for receiving subsidies for business development

When drawing up a business plan to receive a subsidy for starting a business, you must remember that it will be assessed according to certain criteria. The main one is the break-even of the business. How less risk, the greater the chance that the plan will be approved. What matters is whether the new enterprise will create jobs.

The future entrepreneur must show interest in the development of the enterprise and a willingness to invest in it. own funds. How more money a person is ready to invest himself, the more he can count on.

All items of expected expenses should be described in as much detail as possible. Officials who will make decisions must clearly understand how the funds provided will be spent.

It is also worth considering the area in which the entrepreneur will work. It is optimal if this area is on the list of priorities in a given region.

An important part economic policy The Russian Federation is a state business assistance program. This program is aimed at financial support all small and medium-sized businesses. It has been operating for several years, but not all beginning entrepreneurs know how to get a subsidy to open or develop their own business. Read on to learn how to get a subsidy for small businesses, what kind of assistance is provided to small businesses under various government programs, and how much money an individual business entity can receive under these government programs.

To support start-up entrepreneurs, the government is organizing state programs to help young enterprises. You can receive a subsidy for starting a business through two main government programs: federal and municipal. Various government departments (Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Economic Development) also have their own subsidy programs for entrepreneurs and to support new organizations in relevant sectors of the economy. Sometimes it is possible to provide individual assistance small business for some of its subjects at the discretion of regional authorities, but this is not the main goal of the program.

For new entrepreneurs, there is a special program of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation to provide funds for opening new enterprises and supporting new entrepreneurs. The maximum amount of subsidies for starting a business under this program is 58,800 rubles - this is the annual amount. Every adult citizen of the Russian Federation who is recognized as unemployed and is also registered with the Employment Center can receive such small support.

Any business entity has the opportunity to receive a special government grant - a free subsidy for the development of small businesses. The maximum grant amount is no more than 300,000 rubles. The terms of the grant under the program to help start-up entrepreneurs differ by region; an enterprise that has existed for no more than two years and has not previously received financial assistance from the state can count on such support.

Particularly popular among some organizations is the state program for a small partial return of interest on the loan. There is another similar government program - providing subsidies to reimburse leasing costs. To receive assistance under these programs, an enterprise must meet a number of conditions, and the debt period must not exceed three months before submitting the application. The maximum amount of assistance under the loan interest reimbursement program is 5,000,000 rubles.

The basis of state support for private entrepreneurship in our country is programs for financing enterprises from the state budget, designed for beginning entrepreneurs, designed to help develop their own business. According to them, any entrepreneur in Russia can count on various support measures, for example, free support for small businesses.

The subsidized entrepreneur is obliged to draw up regular reports on the expenditure of targeted funds from the budget, and in case of their misuse, he must return them to the state.

Subsidy for starting your own business

A future entrepreneur can receive financial support from the state to open an individual entrepreneur. To do this, he needs to be registered with the Employment Center, obtain the status of unemployed, write, and then present to the commission a special plan for the development of the future enterprise drawn up in advance. After this, you need to register a legal entity and enter into an agreement with the Employment Center to provide a subsidy when opening an individual entrepreneur. Receiving a subsidy for individual entrepreneurs and providing government assistance when opening a small business is possible only in the case when the labor exchange cannot provide the citizen with a suitable job, and he himself already receives an appropriate cash benefit.

Required documents to register as unemployed:

• statement about the need for government assistance to find a job;
• passport or temporary identity card of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
• certificate, diploma or other document certifying professional qualifications;
• work record (except for citizens who have never worked anywhere before);
• a certificate of earnings received for the last three months before dismissal.

A business development plan consists of a description of the area of ​​activity of the enterprise, a list of the basic principles of the future enterprise, and justification for the feasibility of opening new organization. And also: a detailed development strategy for this organization, a payback forecast, an estimate of resource costs, a spending plan for the first three months of those targeted funds that were allocated to the entrepreneur under the subsidy program. Receiving subsidies for entrepreneurs from the Employment Center presupposes the creation of jobs, so the plan must include the expected number of newly created jobs.

The received subsidy for opening a small business involves targeted spending of the funds allocated for opening an individual entrepreneur. The project of using state assistance in creating a new SPD must have a social orientation, must be publicly useful and cannot engage in activities in the following four areas:

• banking and loans are prohibited;
• you cannot engage in the mining industry;
• financing of gambling activities is prohibited;
• The production and sale of excisable goods is unacceptable.

The Employment Center provides consulting support to aspiring entrepreneurs, conducts seminars on the basics of entrepreneurship, and helps them in legal issues, provides financing for newly created enterprises, reimbursement of registration costs, and even provides businesses with workers from among unemployed citizens. The main goal of the program is to employ already unemployed citizens and create new jobs.

Grants for the development of an existing enterprise

You can receive a subsidy for starting a small business, as well as developing an existing small enterprise, through regional state programs for the development of entrepreneurial activity. Targeted funds are distributed through a competition between different organizations. The money should be used for the development of the organization, but not for its current activities. Requirements that must be met in order to receive a subsidy for the development of small businesses: the enterprise must have been operating for less than two years, must have no more than 250 employees, and must not have tax arrears. Funds from subsidies for starting a small business and subsidies for business development must be used in one year, unspent funds must be returned to the budget of the city or region.

Your local Small Business Development Department can help you obtain small business grants. The entrepreneur must provide a full package of documents, take part in the state competition, prepare and defend a project plan for spending the received budget funds.

Package of documents:

• Statement of the need to receive assistance in developing small businesses;
• Passport or other identification document;
• Completed entrepreneur application form;
• Copy of certificate of state registration, constituent documents;
• Certificates required to conduct business in a specific industry;
• Certificate from the tax office confirming the absence of debt;
• Financial documentation on the current activities of the organization;
• Prepared business plan.

In 2017, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture program “Support for Beginning Farmers” was launched, under which organizations in the agricultural sector can expect to receive a subsidy for small businesses from the state in the amount of up to 3,000,000 rubles. To participate in a competition under such a program, you must provide the same package as to receive a grant for the development of an existing organization in other sectors of the economy. The competition is held by the local Ministry of Agriculture. The purposes of spending budget funds may be:

• Purchase of equipment, equipment, animals, raw materials, seeds, fertilizers;
• Land lease, land purchase;
• Construction of buildings, renovation of premises;
• Construction of roads, infrastructure facilities, territory redevelopment.

Grant is state financial assistance to businesses, provided free of charge to business entities that have existed for less than 24 months, meet the criteria for issuing state subsidies for small businesses, have no debt to the state and have not previously received subsidies for start-up entrepreneurs.

The goal of the program is a one-time subsidy for small businesses on a competitive basis with the aim of developing a specific enterprise.

Other measures to support SPD

Help for small businesses from the state is not limited to monetary support alone. In addition to direct subsidies to business entities, assistance is provided to entrepreneurs in various other forms of support. Government bodies can help new entrepreneurs with preferential rent of premises and purchase of technical equipment, provide entrepreneurs with government contracts, as well as infrastructure, accounting, and legal support for those who need it.

Since 2015, the Federal SME Corporation has been implementing a state program to support entrepreneurs. This state program is designed to help beginners individual entrepreneurs create new enterprises. It provides information and methodological support to all aspiring entrepreneurs, organizes investment programs and provides the opportunity to start a business.

Different regions have their own programs to help small businesses. In addition to direct subsidies under federal state programs, municipal authorities of different regions organize their own state programs to support enterprises.

Sample list of regional support programs for small businesses:

The exact list of regional state programs for entrepreneurship development should be checked with the local Department of Entrepreneurship Development. The list is constantly changing, and is also strongly tied to the characteristics of the region. For example, in the south of the country more funds are allocated to support farmers.

The issuance of subsidies for small businesses from the state occurs not only under federal programs to assist new business entities, but also under many regional programs. In addition to subsidies for small businesses, it is also possible to receive other forms of assistance when starting a business and the subsequent development of the enterprise. Individual corporations and foundations also provide SOP under their own programs to support entrepreneurs.

Under the entrepreneurship development program, 7 billion rubles were allocated in 2017, and this money was directed from the state to the development of small businesses in our country. Any small business can receive support under these programs.

The general goals of all government programs to support entrepreneurship: providing conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity, reducing unemployment, reorienting the economy to increase the share of small businesses in general structure economy.

Assistance from the state to start-up entrepreneurs is provided by providing business subsidies. In addition, there are also other assistance to small businesses from the state.