The novel “Madame Bovary” is based on the real story of the Delamare family, told to Flaubert by his friend, the poet and playwright Louis Bouillet. Eugene Delamare, a mediocre doctor from a remote French province, married first to a widow and then to a young girl, became the prototype of Charles Bovary. His second wife, Delphine Couturier, languishing with bourgeois boredom, spending all her money on expensive clothes and lovers and committing suicide, formed the basis of his artistic image of Emma Rouault/Bovary. At the same time, Flaubert always emphasized that his novel is far from a documentary retelling real story and at times he even said that Madame Bovary does not have a prototype, and if she does, then it is the writer himself.
Five long years passed from the birth of the idea to the publication of the work. All this time, Flaubert carefully worked on the text of the novel, which originally had a thousand pages and was trimmed to four hundred. In Madame Bovary, like in no other work of the French classic, his unique artistic style, consisting of laconicism, clarity of expression of thought and utmost precision of words. Working on the novel was not easy for Flaubert. On the one hand, it was unpleasant for him to write about the vulgar life of the average bourgeois, on the other, he tried to do it as best as possible in order to show the reader all the ins and outs of provincial bourgeois life.
Artistic problems the novel is closely related to way main character – Emma Bovary, who embodies the classic romantic conflict consisting of the pursuit of an ideal and rejection of base reality. The mental tossing of the young woman, meanwhile, goes on purely realistic background and have nothing in common with the exalted positions of the past. She herself "with all my enthusiasm", was in kind "rational":“In church she liked flowers most of all, in music - the words of romances, in books the excitement of passions...”. “The sensual pleasure of luxury was identified in her heated imagination with spiritual joys, the grace of manners with the subtlety of experiences.”.
Emma, who received a standard female upbringing in the Ursuline monastery, has been drawn to something unusual all her life, but every time she is faced with the vulgarity of the world around her. The first disappointment overtakes the girl immediately after the wedding, when, instead of a romantic holiday in the light of torches, she receives a farmer's feast, instead honeymoon- everyday worries about arranging a new home, instead of a stately, intelligent, career-seeking husband - a kind, not interested in anything but her, a man with ugly manners. A chance invitation to a ball at Chateau de Vaubiesard becomes crushing for Emma: she realizes how much she is unhappy with her life, falls into depression and comes to her senses only after moving to Yonville.
Motherhood does not bring joy to the main character. Instead of the long-awaited son, Emma gives birth to a daughter. She cannot buy the desired children's dowry due to lack of funds. The girl, like her father, has an ordinary appearance. Emma names her daughter Bertha - in honor of a woman unknown to her from the Vaubiesard ball - and practically forgets about her. Love for her daughter in Madame Bovary awakens along with the vain attempts to love her husband, which she makes throughout the novel, having been disappointed in one or another of her passions.
Emma's first love for the notary's assistant, the blond young man Leon Dupuis, turns into a platonic relationship full of emotional experiences. Madame Bovary does not immediately realize what is happening between her and the young man, but, having realized this, she struggles to stay in the bosom of family and public morality. In public she “She was very sad and very quiet, very tender and at the same time very reserved. Housewives admired her prudence, patients admired her courtesy, the poor admired her cordiality. And yet she was full of lusts, furious desires and hatred.”. At this stage of life, Emma is kept from cheating by her own "mental lethargy" and Leon's inexperience.
After the young man, tormented by unrequited love, leaves for Paris, Madame Bovary again plunges into melancholy, from which she is pulled out by a new, already quite adult passion in the form of her first lover in her life, Rodolphe Boulanger. Emma sees a handsome man in the thirty-four-year-old romantic hero, while the rich landowner perceives the woman as just another mistress. Madame Bovary has enough sublime love for six months, after which her relationship with Rodolphe becomes "family". At the same time, Emma perceives the breakup with a man so painfully that, as it should be for everyone romantic heroines, almost dies of nervous fever.
Last stage spiritual decline Emma has a second lover, her first beloved - Leon Dupuis. The heroes, who met several years later, already possess the promiscuity necessary to create a temporary couple and do not feel any remorse about what is happening. On the contrary, both Emma and Leon enjoy their love, but do so until another satiety sets in.
Madame Bovary's love affairs go unnoticed by her husband. Charles idolizes his wife and blindly trusts her in everything. Being happy with Emma, he is not at all interested in how she feels, whether she feels good, whether everything suits her in life? This infuriates Madame Bovary. Perhaps if Charles had been more attentive, she would have been able to establish good relationship, but every time she tries to find something positive in him, he invariably disappoints her - with his spiritual callousness, his medical helplessness, even his grief that fell on him after the death of his father.
Gustave Flaubert is characterized by an interest in the external side of the world, objectivity to this to the outside world, also the perception of various aspects of society. The main principles of depiction in his novels are dispassion and impartiality. These principles lead to objectivity.
Having chosen the position of the author - narrator, Flaubert does not show himself in the work. This is Flaubert's main innovation in the theory of the novel. Regarding Madame Bovary, he wrote: “I want my book not to contain a single feeling, not a single reflection of the author.” And indeed, in the novel there are no addresses from the author to the reader, no remarks from the author. Author's position is revealed in the material itself: in the plot and conflict, in the arrangement of characters, in the style of the work.
Flaubert focuses on depicting characters rather than circumstances. The hero is emphatically “de-romanticized.” Deheroization occurs. In the novel, Emma Bovary is a dreamy provincial girl surrounded by a completely real environment. She is not stupid, sensitive, well educated, but her soul is shallow: charm, beauty, sensitivity do not save her from the fatal taste of philistinism. It was not for nothing that Flaubert gave his novel the subtitle “Provincial Manners.” The bourgeois environment in which the heroine lives gives her illusions, hopes and desires, leading her to disaster - suicide.
Flaubert showed the social psychology of his time. The author portrayed an average hero whom you meet at every step in everyday life. The plot turned out to be ordinary and tragic at the same time. The novel shows the era specific feature which was vulgarity. According to critics, Flaubert turned to a problem discovered by Balzac. “To show the specificity of modernity means to show its vulgarity, therefore, a typical modern novel must become a tragedy of vulgarity.”
In Flaubert, instead of redundancy of descriptions, there is a poetics of detail. The author keeps the descriptions to a minimum: there are only isolated touches of the portraits of the characters (the parting in Emma's black hair). Flaubert discreetly and laconically describes all the changes in the mood of his heroine, all the stages of her spiritual life, trying to embody the principles of impersonal, or objective, art (as I said above). It does not make it easy for the reader to determine author's attitude to the events described, does not evaluate his characters, fully adhering to the principle of self-disclosure of the heroes.
The plot of Flaubert's novel is based on a banal collision: a wife, an unloved husband, whom she deceives first with one lover - Rodolphe, then with the second - Leon, an insidious moneylender - Leray, who traps the victim in his net in order to profit from someone else's misfortune. The result is a tragic ending. Disappointed in her lovers, completely ruined by a moneylender, frightened of a public scandal, not daring to reveal her crimes to her trusting husband, the adulterous wife commits suicide by poisoning herself with arsenic.
Emma is a tragic person. She tried to rebel against the reality she hated. But this reality swallowed her up. “Emma Bovary turned out to be a type and symbol of modernity. This creature is vulgar, uneducated, unable to reason, not attractive in anything other than her appearance.” But she contains qualities that make her interesting and typical - rejection of reality, thirst for what does not exist, the desire for love and the suffering inevitably associated with it. Only one thing saves her and does not allow her to dissolve in the vulgarity surrounding her - the thirst for the ideal, the power of her illusions.
Main conflict The novel is a conflict between dreams and reality. And this conflict is not resolved romantically.
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“Madame Bovary is me,” said Flaubert. What did you find attractive? great writer in this heroine, who lied to her own husband, was indifferent to my own daughter, spent money without a twinge of conscience and regretted her marriage all her life, never understanding what it was worth striving for in life, other than passion, which sooner or later passes?
“The housewives admired her prudence, the patients - her courtesy, the poor - her cordiality." This is praise or evil ridicule of a woman who was disappointed in family life? Who is Madame Bovary? She got married early. Having been brought up on sentimental novels, Emma was absolutely unprepared for real life. She was waiting for a miracle, passion, exactly the kind of passion that is described in books. Emma's soul was yearning to go somewhere, but she herself did not know what to do with the feeling of dissatisfaction with life smoldering inside.
You can condemn the main character for her bad temper, for the lies with which her life turned out to be completely shrouded. From a strictly critical point of view, Emma is a woman who didn't know what she wanted. Her melancholy was intangible, and her consciousness was too superficial to appreciate her husband’s feelings. She wanted passion, but she herself didn’t fully understand what it was. What didn’t she like about Charles? He was an ordinary person, a doctor, no different from other townspeople. Emma was drawn into everyday life, she tried to escape, but her husband was quite happy with such a life. He was happy. He did not understand that his wife was rushing around in search of something else, which she herself did not know about. Charles didn’t understand anything, didn’t see anything. He loved Emma blindly, but there could be no talk of spiritual intimacy here. Emma didn't understand it, but she felt it. She wasn't so smart woman to understand that she needs more than just passion. She yearned for a truly deep relationship. This is what any love seems like at first, but time passes, and only then does it become clear: empty passion burned people, or they were able to carry deep feelings for each other through the years. Both affairs with Emma's lovers did not stand the test of time. Both the rich, sophisticated Rodolphe and the young Leon were tired of her. Emma could not become necessary, needed, loved by them. Both pleased their pride with their connection with interesting woman, but Emma herself did not suspect this. Emma did not see or understand that her husband really loved her. Charles did not have enough sentimentality to clearly express his feelings, but what could speak more reverently of love than the care and forgiveness with which he surrounded Emma. Why did his wife not like Charles so much? "...The need to take drastic measures plunged him into extreme confusion." Apparently, this indecision irritated Emma so much. She was waiting for someone to appear next to her. a real man, but could not see anything attractive in Charles. Emma was alien to pity, which so often leads women to true love. She did not spare anyone: neither her husband, nor her daughter, nor her father. Emma gave birth to a girl, but never became a real mother. An amazing paradox in the image of Emma makes her image dually ambiguous: she was waiting for love, looking for it, but deep down in her soul Emma was not ready to become a mother, even the appearance of her daughter did not change anything. Emma has thought all her life about one person - herself. The thirst for life kindled passions in her heart, pride did not allow her to come to terms with an ordinary bourgeois existence, and meanwhile her daughter grew up not knowing mother's love, the kind of love that Emma never even dreamed of. Emma was overcome by the desire to live a full life; her overwhelming energy could not find a way out. Restlessness, the search for something different, better - this is what can justify Madame Bovary, somehow explain her rebellious lifestyle. The Bovary family was surrounded by spiritually poor people. Emma was not educated enough to pass such a verdict on them, but her heart felt that this was exactly the case, so she did not find peace in the quiet city life, where minutes smoothly flowed into years and nothing ever changed. The heroine of the novel cannot be called positive or negative. Her dissolute lifestyle, her attitude towards her own child, endless lies to her husband - all this is difficult to justify. But Emma longed for a full life, sought happiness, not thinking about the quiet haven that fate provided her, her soul was too full of life. Emma's infidelity is a type of rebellion that was the only one available to a woman at that time. This is a protest, an unconscious protest, against the routine and limitations that inevitably accompanied the existence of city dwellers. Emma Bovary cannot be condemned unequivocally, because her special inner pride can also inspire respect. “You can destroy me, but you can’t buy me,” Emma said to a local notary who offered her money in exchange for the services of her mistress. Emma's soul was still alive, full of hope, she suffered, not seeing a way out in life. Emma Bovary had no place among the quiet life of the bourgeoisie, but she was not ready for another life either, because her position in society did not allow such women break free from the bonds social status. Whatever Emma Bovary was, her soul was not callous, her heart thirsted for life, and her energy found no outlet. This is the tragedy of women of that time.
The daughter of a very ordinary, although quite wealthy, farmer. The girl is educated in a monastery, where she constantly reads ancient books about beautiful ladies and noble, brave knights who are completely devoted to them. Naive Emma does not even doubt that she will definitely meet her life path just such an impeccable knight, handsome and brave, who would be ready to perform any feat for her sake. She has absolutely no idea of real life, and it is precisely this circumstance that becomes main reason subsequent tragedy in her life.
Emma's husband becomes an ordinary man, Charles Bovary, who has neither outstanding appearance nor social manners. Bovary has some healing skills, although he has no real education. Charles is madly in love with his young wife, he agrees to work day and night so that she does not need anything, but Emma, with her idealistic ideas, is unable to appreciate the love and devotion of this common man, she dreams of something else, and Charles does not meet her needs at all. From the very beginning of the story, Bovary himself looks quite pathetic, although he does not deserve such a contemptuous and hostile attitude from his wife.
Emma very quickly becomes disillusioned with both her husband and family life in general, continuing to dream about a “real man.” When she meets young Leon, he arouses her keen interest, since at least he does not look like Charles, but the timid young man only looks at her with delight, unable to take a single step towards her. During the period of their first acquaintance, no relationship is established; for Emma, everything is limited only to dreams.
In the case of the sophisticated, cynical Rodolphe, everything turns out completely differently. He sees at first glance how naive Madame Bovary is, how ignorant she is of life and especially of men, and understands that defeating this woman will not be difficult for him. Emma really gets close to him without any resistance, and Rodolphe soon gets tired of her excessive affection, which she is unable to hide, her devotion and adoration. From the very beginning it is clear that this relationship will not last long, and Rodolphe breaks off the relationship in the same way as he did so many times before Emma. For him, there is nothing special in this love episode, while the heroine of the novel almost loses her mind from shock.
The next meeting with the already somewhat matured Leon leads to the fact that Emma herself, having become a rather experienced woman, seduces him. Another romance in the life of Madame Bovary, which also ultimately ends in nothing, but in this case the situation is also complicated by the demands of creditors, because Emma, buying expensive clothes on credit and thoughtlessly throwing away money, leads both herself and her husband to complete ruin. The fact that both lovers turn away from her is not at all surprising; this was to be expected; neither of them planned a serious and long-term relationship with her and, of course, is not going to solve her problems.
Having lost everything and completely despaired, Emma takes her own life. Her departure actually kills the unfortunate Charles, he does not even try to remember that he still has a daughter, that she needs to be taken care of. The indifference of the heroes of this novel to their child generally seems strange; Emma’s worldview does not change at all after the birth of the girl, and her husband is still focused only on his wife. Charles's life ends with the death of his wife, he is absolutely unable to pull himself together, and besides, he learns that Emma deceived him by meeting other men, although this was previously obvious, Bovary just did not want to notice anything in his blind love.
Charles becomes the same victim of the collapse of illusions as a result of clashes between daydreams and reality, like his wife; the ending of both spouses is very sad. The author shows readers what a tragedy the lack of ideas about real life, long-term existence in a fictional world, as happened with Emma Bovary.
Friend - poet and playwright Louis Bouillet. Eugene Delamare, a mediocre doctor from a remote French province, married first to a widow and then to a young girl, became the prototype of Charles Bovary. His second wife, Delphine Couturier, languishing with bourgeois boredom, spending all her money on expensive clothes and lovers and committing suicide, formed the basis of his artistic image of Emma Rouault/Bovary. At the same time, Flaubert always emphasized that his novel was far from a documentary retelling of the real story and at times he even said that Madame Bovary does not have a prototype, and if she does, then it is the writer himself.
Five long years passed from the birth of the idea to the publication of the work. All this time, Flaubert carefully worked on the text of the novel, which originally had a thousand pages and was trimmed to four hundred. In Madame Bovary, like in no other work of the French classic, his unique artistic style was manifested, consisting of laconicism, clarity of expression of thought and extreme precision of words. Working on the novel was not easy for Flaubert. On the one hand, it was unpleasant for him to write about the vulgar life of the average bourgeois, on the other, he tried to do it as best as possible in order to show the reader all the ins and outs of provincial bourgeois life.
Artistic problems the novel is closely related to the image of the main character– Emma Bovary, who embodies the classic romantic conflict consisting of the pursuit of an ideal and rejection of base reality. The mental tossing of the young woman, meanwhile, goes on purely realistic background and have nothing in common with the exalted positions of the past. She herself "with all my enthusiasm", was in kind "rational":“In church she liked flowers most of all, in music - the words of romances, in books the excitement of passions...”. “The sensual pleasure of luxury was identified in her heated imagination with spiritual joys, the grace of manners with the subtlety of experiences.”.
Emma, who received a standard female upbringing in the Ursuline monastery, has been drawn to something unusual all her life, but every time she is faced with the vulgarity of the world around her. The first disappointment overtakes the girl immediately after the wedding, when instead of a romantic holiday in the light of torches she receives a farmer's feast, instead of a honeymoon - everyday worries about arranging a new home, instead of a stately, smart, career-seeking husband - kind, nothing but her an interested person, a person with ugly manners. A chance invitation to a ball at Chateau de Vaubiesard becomes crushing for Emma: she realizes how much she is unhappy with her life, falls into depression and comes to her senses only after moving to Yonville.
Motherhood does not bring joy to the main character. Instead of the long-awaited son, Emma gives birth to a daughter. She cannot buy the desired children's dowry due to lack of funds. The girl, like her father, has an ordinary appearance. Emma names her daughter Bertha - in honor of a woman unknown to her from the Vaubiesard ball - and practically forgets about her. Love for her daughter in Madame Bovary awakens along with the vain attempts to love her husband, which she makes throughout the novel, having been disappointed in one or another of her passions.
Emma's first love for the notary's assistant, the blond young man Leon Dupuis, turns into a platonic relationship full of emotional experiences. Madame Bovary does not immediately realize what is happening between her and the young man, but, having realized this, she struggles to stay in the bosom of family and public morality. In public she “She was very sad and very quiet, very tender and at the same time very reserved. Housewives admired her prudence, patients admired her courtesy, the poor admired her cordiality. And yet she was full of lusts, furious desires and hatred.”. At this stage of life, Emma is kept from cheating by her own "mental lethargy" and Leon's inexperience.
After the young man, tormented by unrequited love, leaves for Paris, Madame Bovary again plunges into melancholy, from which she is pulled out by a new, already quite adult passion in the form of her first lover in her life, Rodolphe Boulanger. Emma sees the thirty-four-year-old handsome man as a romantic hero, while the rich landowner perceives the woman as just another mistress. Madame Bovary has enough sublime love for six months, after which her relationship with Rodolphe becomes "family". At the same time, Emma perceives the breakup with a man so painfully that, as befits all romantic heroines, she almost dies from a nervous fever.
The last stage of Emma's spiritual decline occurs with her second lover, her first beloved - Leon Dupuis. The heroes, who met several years later, already possess the promiscuity necessary to create a temporary couple and do not feel any remorse about what is happening. On the contrary, both Emma and Leon enjoy their love, but do so until another satiety sets in.
Madame Bovary's love affairs go unnoticed by her husband. Charles idolizes his wife and blindly trusts her in everything. Being happy with Emma, he is not at all interested in how she feels, whether she feels good, whether everything suits her in life? This infuriates Madame Bovary. Perhaps, if Charles had been more attentive, she could have established a good relationship with him, but every time she tries to find something positive in him, he invariably disappoints her - with his spiritual callousness, his medical helplessness, even his grief that has befallen him. him after his father's death.
Confused about feelings, Emma is also confused about money. At the beginning, she buys things for herself - to have fun, calm down, get closer to beautiful life; then he begins to give gifts to lovers, set up his love nest in Rouen, and squander money on sensual pleasures. Financial collapse leads Emma to spiritual collapse. She feels with all her soul the moral superiority of her husband, and deliberately leaves a life in which she has never found happiness. Charles forgives his wife for betrayal and loss of fortune. He loves her in spite of everything, and dies after her, because he cannot live without her.
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