The release of the film “Admiral” on the wide Russian screen prompted me to put pen to paper. Undoubtedly modern Russia we need a truthful picture of its great and at the same time long-suffering past. But you can't once again“reshape” history contrary to the existing facts and disorient the movie viewer for the sake of commerce and market conditions. This is not about the talent and charm of the actors or directorial skills, but about the attitude towards the history of our Motherland.
It is no secret that Kolchak was recruited by British intelligence while he was a captain of the 1st rank and commander of a mine division in the Baltic Fleet. This happened at the turn of 1915-1916. This was already a betrayal of the Tsar and the Fatherland, to which he swore allegiance and kissed the cross! Have you ever wondered why the Entente fleets calmly entered the Russian sector of the waters in 1918? Baltic Sea? After all, he was mined! Moreover, in the confusion of the two revolutions of 1917, no one removed the minefields because the ticket to enter His Majesty’s service for Kolchak was to hand over to British intelligence all the information about the location of minefields and obstacles in the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea! After all, it was he who carried out this mining, and he had in his hands all the maps of the minefields and obstacles.
Next. As you know, on June 28, 1916, Kolchak was appointed commander of the Black Sea Fleet. However, this happened under the direct patronage of the resident of British intelligence in Russia, Colonel Samuel Hoare, and the British ambassador to Russian Empire Buchanan. This is the second betrayal, because Kolchak, becoming under foreign patronage the commander of one of the most important fleets of Russia at that time, assumed certain obligations to British intelligence, which was very “sensitive” to Russian military activity in the areas adjacent to the Black Sea straits. And in the end, he simply abandoned the fleet and secretly fled to England in August 1917.
Kolchak received the title of admiral from the hands of the Provisional Government, to which he also swore allegiance. And which he also betrayed! At least because, having fled to England, already in August 1917, together with the Chief of the British Naval General Staff, General Hall, discussed the need to establish a dictatorship in Russia. Simply put, the question is about the overthrow of the Provisional Government, about a coup d'etat. Swear allegiance to the Provisional Government, receive a promotion from it and betray it too!
Then, at the request of the American ambassador in England, Kolchak was sent to the United States, where he was also recruited by the diplomatic intelligence of the US State Department. Recruitment was carried out former Secretary of State Eliahu Ruth. That is, the British were also betrayed along the way. Although the “Brits” of course knew about this recruitment...
Having eventually become a double Anglo-American agent, after the October coup of 1917, Kolchak turned to the English envoy to Japan K. Green with a request to the government of His Majesty King George V of England to officially accept him into service! That’s what he wrote in his petition: “ ...I place myself entirely at the disposal of his government...»
“His government” means the government of His Majesty the English King George V. On December 30, 1917, the British government officially granted Kolchak’s request. From this moment, Kolchak had already officially gone over to the side of the enemy, who was masquerading as an ally. Why enemy? Yes, because, firstly, on November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Council of the Entente made an official decision to intervene in Russia. Secondly, already on December 10 (23), 1917, the leaders of the European core of the Entente - England and France - signed a convention on dividing Russia into spheres of influence (for the information of readers: this convention was never officially annulled). According to it, the allies deigned to divide Russia as follows: the North of Russia and the Baltic states fell into the zone of English influence, France received Ukraine and the South of Russia.
If Kolchak had simply collaborated (let’s say, within the framework of military-technical supplies) with former Entente allies, as many White Guard generals did, then that would be one thing. Even despite the fact that they also took on not very good obligations. However, they at least de facto acted as something independent, without formally switching to the service of a foreign state. But Kolchak officially transferred to the service of Great Britain. British General Knox, who supervised Kolchak in Siberia, at one time openly admitted that the British were directly responsible for the creation of Kolchak’s government. All this is now well known and documented, including from foreign sources.
So it’s time to end the collective lamentations for the supposedly innocently killed admiral. Without denying his previous undoubted scientific services to Russia, one cannot help but notice that he crossed them out with his own hand. In the documents of British intelligence, the US State Department, in the personal correspondence of the “gray eminence” of American politics during the First World War, Colonel House A.V. Kolchak is directly called their double agent (these documents are known to historians)...
On November 11, 1918, in the Paris suburb of Compiegne, the Compiegne Agreement was signed, ending the First World War. When they remember it, they usually very “elegantly” forget to mention that it was just an armistice agreement for a period of 36 days. Moreover, it was signed without the participation of Russia, which, as an empire, bore the brunt of the war, and then, having already become Soviet, rendered a colossal service to the same Entente with its revolutionary intervention in events in Germany. Without her help, the Entente would have been fussing with the Kaiser's Germany for a long time...
Article 12 of the Compiegne Armistice Agreement stated: “All German troops that are now located in the territories that constituted Russia before the war must equally return to Germany as soon as the Allies recognize that the moment has come for this, taking into account the internal situation of these territories" However, the secret subclause of the same article 12 already directly obligated Germany to keep its troops in the Baltic states to fight Soviet Russia before the arrival of troops and fleets (in the Baltic Sea) of the Entente member countries. Such actions of the Entente were openly anti-Russian, because no one had the slightest right to decide the fate of the occupied Russian territories without the participation of Russia, I emphasize, even the Soviet one.
During the period of actual German occupation, as well as after the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty by the German occupation authorities, huge chunks of purely Russian territories were forcibly “cut off” from the Baltic territories. To Estonia - parts of the St. Petersburg and Pskov provinces, in particular Narva, Pechora and Izborsk, to Latvia - Dvinsky, Lyudinsky and Rezhitsky districts of the Vitebsk province and part of the Ostrovsky district of the Pskov province, to Lithuania - parts of the Suwalki and Vilna provinces populated by Belarusians.
Lenin, who tried to recapture the Baltic states by armed means, no matter how he was treated personally, was absolutely right de facto and, what is especially important in this regard, de jure. Because official diplomatic relations were unilaterally severed with Soviet Russia by the Kaiser’s Germany, which soon collapsed, and the Brest-Litovsk Treaty with the Germans automatically lost any force. Consequently, the Baltic states, which remained under German occupation, both de facto and de jure, turned into Russian territory illegally seized and occupied by the troops of the deceased state. From a purely military-geopolitical point of view, the armed onslaught of the Bolsheviks on the Baltic States, which began on November 13, 1918, was absolutely justified in the nature of an objectively necessary counter-offensive in order to protect the state’s own territory.
Despite the failure of this armed campaign, the fate of the Baltic territories could not be decided without the participation of Russia, even in the person of some traitor. And the Entente entrusted this vile deed to Admiral Kolchak. On May 26, 1919, the Supreme Council of the Entente sent a note to the admiral (his actions on behalf of the allied command were led by the already mentioned British General Knox and military intelligence intellectual J. Halford Mackinder, later the most famous British geopolitician) in which, reporting the severance of relations with the Soviet government, expressed his readiness to recognize him as the supreme ruler of Russia. And that’s what’s typical. Admittedly, they recognized him, but only de facto. And with all this, they demanded purely legal actions from him - they gave him a strict ultimatum, according to which Kolchak had to agree in writing to:
1. Secession of Poland and Finland from Russia, which made no sense, especially in relation to Finland, other than London’s furious desire to arrange everything in such a way that these countries received independence allegedly from the hands of the Entente.
The fact is that the independence of Finland was granted by the Soviet government on December 31, 1917, which, by the way, Finland still celebrates. It was the right step, because its stay within Russia, where, according to the Treaty of Friedrichsham of 1809, it was included by Alexander I (at the request of the ancestor of the future ruler of Finland, Mannerheim), was not only senseless, but also dangerous due to the purely nationalistic separatism that was blazing there. As for Poland, due to the events of October 1917, it already became independent - Lenin did not interfere with this.
2. Transfer of the question about division of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania (as well as the Caucasus and Trans-Caspian region) from Russia for consideration by the arbitration of the League of Nations in the event that the agreements necessary for the Entente are not reached between Kolchak and the “governments” of these territories.
Along the way, Kolchak was presented with an ultimatum that he recognize the Versailles Conference’s right to decide the fate of Bessarabia.
In addition, Kolchak had to guarantee that he would not restore “special privileges in favor of any class or organization” and the previous regime in general. A little clarification. Simply put, the Entente was not satisfied with the restoration of not only the tsarist regime, but even the regime of the Provisional Government. And if it’s simpler, then united and indivisible Russia as states and countries.
On June 12, 1919, Kolchak gave the Entente the necessary written answer, which it considered satisfactory. Once again I draw attention to the special meanness of the Entente. After all, she only recognized Kolchak de facto, but issued an ultimatum de jure. And the Entente recognized the answer from the only de facto “supreme ruler” of Russia de jure.
As a result, Kolchak in one fell swoop crossed out all the conquests of Peter the Great and the Nystad Treaty itself between Russia and Sweden of August 30, 1721. According to this agreement, the territories of Ingermanland, part of Karelia, all of Estonia and Livonia with the cities of Riga, Revel (Tallinn), Dorpat, Narva, Vyborg, Kexholm, the islands of Ezel and Dago passed to Russia and its successors into full, undeniable and eternal possession and ownership. Before the First World War, for almost two centuries, no one in the world even tried to challenge this, especially since the Nystad Treaty itself was confirmed in writing and guaranteed by the same England and France...
When Kolchak completed the tasks assigned to him and huge chunks of the territory of the Russian state were de jure torn away, his fate was decided. The Moor has done his job - the Moor can leave, or even better if he is removed from the arena - preferably by someone else's hands. By the hands of the representative of the Entente under Kolchak, General Janen, and with the assistance of the Czechoslovak corps. The admiral, who failed to become the Cromwell of Russia, was “surrendered” without remorse.
It remains to say the following. On what basis the Anglo-Saxons “took” Kolchak - whether on immense vanity, on drug use (Kolchak was an avid cocaine addict) or on both at the same time, or on something else - is now impossible to establish. But you can still assume something. It is possible that Kolchak was “kindled” by a feeling of ancestral revenge for his distant ancestor - the commander of the Khotyn fortress in 1739, Ilias Kalchak Pasha, with whom the Kalchak family began in Russia. Ilias Kalchak Pasha - this is how his name was written in the 18th century - was forced to surrender to Russian troops under the command of Minich during the next Russian-Turkish war. After 180 years, a distant descendant of Ilias Kalchak Pasha - A.V. Kolchak - surrendered to the West all the conquests of Peter I and his heirs. This is who they are trying to present today as a true patriot of Russia and an innocent victim.
In the photo: A.V. Kolchak, 1919
The Kolchak regime was an ugly combination of external Russian state paraphernalia with Socialist Revolutionary ministers, semi-English uniforms and French advisers. Among these advisers was Yakov Sverdlov’s brother. Kolchak’s title, “Supreme Ruler,” sounds especially blasphemous. It is known that such a title belonged to only one person in Russia - the Sovereign Emperor. Who and by what right assigned this title to Vice Admiral Kolchak?
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was born on November 4, 1873. He came from a Turkish family, and his grandfather Ilias Kolchak Pasha was the commandant of the Turkish fortress of Khotin; in the 1790s he was captured by the Russians and went into their service. Kolchak’s father already heroically distinguished himself during the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.
Primary education the future admiral received his home and then studied at the 6th St. Petersburg Classical Gymnasium.
On September 15, 1894, Kolchak was promoted to the rank of midshipman and on August 6, 1894, he was assigned to the 1st rank cruiser Rurik as an assistant watch commander.
Kolchak has earned the highest praise for himself. The commander of the cruiser G. F. Tsyvinsky later, having become an admiral, wrote: “ Midshipman A.V. Kolchak was an unusually capable and talented officer, had a rare memory, and was fluent in three European languages, knew well the sailing directions of all seas, knew the history of almost all European fleets and naval battles».
On the cruiser "Rurik" Kolchak left for Far East. At the end of 1896, Kolchak was assigned to the 2nd rank cruiser "Cruiser" as a watch commander. On this ship he went on campaigns in the Pacific Ocean for several years, and in 1899 he returned to Kronstadt. On December 6, 1898, he was promoted to lieutenant. During the campaigns, Kolchak not only fulfilled his official duties, but also actively engaged in self-education. He became interested in oceanography and hydrology. In 1899, he published the article “Observations on surface temperatures and specific gravities of sea water, made on the cruisers “Rurik” and “Cruiser” from May 1897 to March 1898.”
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Kolchak participated in the polar expedition of Baron E.V. Toll to the Taimyr Peninsula. Throughout the expedition, Kolchak was active scientific work. In 1901, E.V. Toll immortalized the name of A.V. Kolchak - he named the island and cape discovered by the expedition after him.
Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, Kolchak reported to the Academy of Sciences about the work done, and also reported on the enterprise of Baron Toll, from whom no news had been received either by that time or later. In January 1903, it was decided to organize an expedition, the purpose of which was to clarify the fate of Toll’s expedition. The expedition took place from May 5 to December 7, 1903. It consisted of 17 people on 12 sledges pulled by 160 dogs. During Kolchak's expedition, it became clear that Toll's expedition was lost.
Next came the Russo-Japanese War. Kolchak was wounded and captured by the Japanese. After four months in captivity, Kolchak returned to Russia through the United States of America. Upon his return from captivity, he was awarded the St. George weapon “for bravery” and promoted to captain of the 2nd rank.
Then there was work at the Naval General Staff, then service at the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet. While working at the Naval Headquarters, Kolchak met Admiral L.A. Brusilov. At the same time, Kolchak takes part in the work of the Duma Committee on State Defense, which was chaired by the leader of the Octobrist party and one of the Tsar’s worst enemies, A.I. Guchkov. It must be said that Admiral L.A. Brusilov was very critical of Emperor Nicholas II.
It was in the Baltic, with the rank of captain 1st rank, that Kolchak met the First World War. We will not dwell here on Kolchak’s activities as a naval commander. Suffice it to say that his activities were highly valued by the Russian naval command and the Emperor himself. It was Nicholas II who promoted Kolchak to vice admiral and appointed him commander of the Black Sea Fleet. At the same time, those around him noted such negative qualities in Kolchak as excessive ambition and irritability. Sometimes Kolchak had nervous breakdowns, during which he retired from business and became isolated. One of these breakdowns was reflected in the memoirs of Rear Admiral A.D. Bubnov, who then held the position of head of the naval department at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Bubnov recalled how the news of the fire on the battleship Empress Maria, which occurred in 1916 and cost the lives of many people, affected Kolchak.
« Death of the "Empress Maria"- wrote Admiral Bubnov, - deeply shocked A.V. Kolchak. With his characteristic sublime understanding of his duty as a commander, he considered himself responsible for everything that happened in the fleet under his command [...]. He withdrew into himself, stopped eating, and didn’t talk to anyone, so those around him began to fear for his sanity. Having learned about this, the Emperor ordered me to immediately go to Sevastopol and hand over to A.V. Kolchak, that he does not see any guilt in him for the death of “Empress Maria,” treats him with unwavering favor and orders him to calmly continue his command. Arriving in Sevastopol, I found at headquarters a depressed mood and anxiety about the admiral’s condition, which now began to express itself in extreme irritation and anger. Although I was close to A.V. Kolchak, I admit, it was not without fear that I went to his admiral’s quarters; however, the merciful words of the Emperor that I conveyed to him had an effect, and after a long friendly conversation he completely came to his senses, so that later everything went back to normal».
But it was not ambition and irritability that became the reason why the gendarmerie took Kolchak into secret development. General Spiridovich writes in his memoirs about important meetings in St. Petersburg, in October 1916, under the chairmanship of M. M. Fedorov, in private apartments, including those of Maxim Gorky. These meetings took place at least twice a month. In 1916, at meetings in Gorky’s apartment, a “marine plan” for a palace coup emerged, to which A.V. Kolchak and Kapnist (initials unknown) allegedly agreed.
It is not known whether Spiridovich is right in his memories or not, but here are the memories of G.E. Rasputin’s killer, Prince Felix Yusupov. Yusupov recalled that immediately after the February coup, he met with one of the main rebels, M.V. Rodzianko. Yusupov further writes:
« Seeing me, Rodzianko stood up, approached and asked straight away:
- Moscow wants to declare you emperor. What do you say?
This is not the first time I have heard this. We have been in St. Petersburg for two months now, and the most different people- politicians, officers, priests - told me the same thing. Soon Admiral Kolchak and Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich came to repeat:
- The Russian throne was not achieved by inheritance or election. He was captured. Take advantage of this opportunity. All the cards are in your hands. Russia cannot live without a Tsar. But trust in the Romanov dynasty has been undermined. The people no longer want them».
So, according to Yusupov, Kolchak was among those who tried to replace Emperor Nicholas II on the throne with another person, in particular Felix Yusupov. This passage from Yusupov coincides with Spiridovich’s information. Again, one may not believe Yusupov, especially since the prince was a liar.
But here's some more information. In 1916, shortly before the February coup, the Tiflis mayor A.I. Khatisov met in Tiflis with Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich and invited the latter to assume the throne after the overthrow of the Emperor, which should occur in the very near future. At the same time, Khatisov assured the Grand Duke that Admiral Kolchak was completely on their side and was ready to provide the forces of his fleet for these purposes. At the same time, another Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich came to Tiflis to meet with Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich and also persuaded his relative to support the conspiracy against the Tsar, again referring to the loyalty of the Black Sea Fleet. In this regard, it is interesting that in Yusupov’s memoirs, Kolchak and Nikolai Mikhailovich also act in the same team.
Immediately after February, it became known about a plan according to which the Black Sea Fleet was to move to Batum and there and along the entire coast, make a demonstration in favor of Nikolai Nikolaevich, and deliver him through Odessa to the Romanian front and declare him Emperor, and the Duke of Leuchtenberg - heir
Thus, there are so many references to Kolchak’s involvement in the conspiracy against Emperor Nicholas II that it is difficult to consider them simply coincidences.
Be that as it may, Kolchak immediately and completely recognized both the February coup and the regime of the Provisional Government. On March 5, Kolchak ordered a prayer service and a parade to mark the victory of the revolution, and at a rally in Sevastopol he “expressed his devotion to the Provisional Government.”
The admiral spoke about the same devotion during interrogation by security officers in 1920. To the interrogator’s question: “ What form of government seemed most desirable to you personally?” Kolchak answered frankly: “ I was the first to recognize the Provisional Government, I believed that as a temporary form it was desirable under the given conditions; he must be supported with all his might; that any opposition to him would cause collapse in the country, and I thought that the people themselves should establish a form of government in the constituent body, and whatever form they chose, I would submit. I thought that some kind of republican form of government would probably be established, and this republican form of government I considered answerable to the needs of the country.”
And here is another saying of Kolchak, characterizing his “monarchism”:
“I took the oath to our first Provisional Government. I took the oath in good conscience, considering this Government as the only Government that needed to be recognized under those circumstances, and I was the first to take this oath. I considered myself completely free from any obligations in relation to the monarchy, and after the coup took the point of view on which I always stood - that, in the end, I did not serve this or that form of government, but I serve my homeland, which I put it above everything, and I consider it necessary to recognize the Government that then declared itself at the head of the Russian government.”
It is said extremely clearly, and completely dismisses all subsequent aspirations of Kolchak’s fans “about the forcedness” of his service to the Provisional Government, about Kolchak’s “secret monarchism”. There was no monarchism, but there was enormous ambition and desire for personal power. Throughout the spring of 1917, Kolchak communicated directly and by telegraph with Guchkov and Rodzianko. Guchkov repeatedly thanks Kolchak for his professionalism and dedication to the new government. At the same time, it is clear that certain forces saw Kolchak as a new dictator. When Kolchak arrived in Petrograd in June 1917, the so-called “right-wing” newspapers came out with huge headlines: “Admiral Kolchak is the savior of Russia,” “All power to Admiral Kolchak!”
It is interesting that Admiral Kolchak arrived in Petrograd in the new naval uniform of the Provisional Government. In the film "Admiral" this uniform is coquettishly presented as either an American naval uniform or a merchant marine uniform. In fact, the new naval uniform of the Provisional Government, introduced by order of the new Minister of War Guchkov, was devoid of shoulder straps, and the cockade was crowned with a five-pointed star. It is clearly visible in a photograph of Kolchak taken in the summer of 1917. It's clear why the filmmakers changed historical truth! How would they show a “fighter against Bolshevism” who had a burning fire on his forehead? five pointed star!
Arriving in Petrograd, the Russian “monarchist” Kolchak hurries to meet with worst enemies Russian monarchy and assure them of my full respect. Kolchak paid his first visit to the oldest Marxist G.V. Plekhanov. This is how Plekhanov himself recalled his meeting with Kolchak. " Today... Kolchak was with me. I really liked him. It is clear that he is a great guy in his field. Brave, energetic, not stupid. In the very first days of the revolution, he took its side and managed to maintain order in the Black Sea Fleet and get along with the sailors. But in politics he is apparently completely innocent. He really embarrassed me with his cheeky carelessness. He entered cheerfully, in a military manner, and suddenly said: “I considered it my duty to introduce myself to you as the oldest representative of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.”
Put yourself in my position! It's me who is a socialist-revolutionary! I tried to make an amendment: - Thank you, I’m very glad. But let me tell you...
However, Kolchak, without stopping, said: ...to the representative of the Socialist Revolutionaries. I am a sailor and am not interested in party programs. I know that in our navy, among the sailors, there are two parties: the Socialist Revolutionaries and the Social Democrats. I saw their proclamations. I don’t understand what the difference is, but I prefer socialist-revolutionaries, since they are patriots. Social Democrats do not like the fatherland, and, besides, there are a lot of Jews among them...
I fell into complete bewilderment after such a greeting and, with the most kindly meekness, tried to disabuse my interlocutor. I told him that not only am I not a socialist-revolutionary, but I am even known as an opponent of this party, who has broken many spears in the ideological struggle against it... He said that I belong precisely to the social democracy he does not like and, despite this , - not a Jew, but a Russian nobleman, and I love the fatherland very much! Kolchak was not at all embarrassed. He looked at me with curiosity, muttered something like: well, it doesn’t matter, and began to talk lively, interestingly and intelligently about the Black Sea Fleet, about its condition and combat missions. He told it very well. Probably a smart admiral. Only he is very weak in politics...».
From this passage one can see all of Kolchak’s cynicism. He calls the Socialist-Revolutionaries, bloody murderers and terrorists, “patriots of Russia,” with only one purpose: to please the “Socialist-Revolutionary,” as he assumes, Plekhanov. Having heard from Plekhanov that he has nothing to do with the Socialist Revolutionaries, but on the contrary is a “social democrat,” Kolchak casually throws out “it doesn’t matter” and continues the conversation. Plekhanov decided that this was a sign of a weak politician, but in fact it was Kolchak’s complete moral promiscuity. In this he is very reminiscent of another tsarist officer - Tukhachevsky. We can safely assume that if the situation had turned out differently, Kolchak would have joined the Red Army without hesitation.
In addition to Plekhanov, the “monarchist” Kolchak met another “patriot” of Russia, Socialist Revolutionary Boris Savinkov, the organizer of the murder of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and the organizer of attempts on the life of Emperor Nicholas II. A close relationship was established between the “monarchist” and the “patriot”. Suffice it to say that Savinkov represented the Kolchak government and its Union bureau abroad.
Kolchak’s connection with Savinkov, a freemason and secret agent of British intelligence, gave some authors reason to believe that Kolchak himself was recruited by the British. However, it seems that these statements do not take into account the frantic ambition of people like Kolchak. The assertion that Kolchak was an English spy is just as absurd as the assertion that Lenin was a German spy. Another thing is that such people were ready, for the sake of their ambition, to enter into a tactical alliance with anyone to achieve their personal goals.
Kolchak's relationship with Kerensky was also not as acrimonious as depicted in the film. Kolchak, of course, did not say any proud words about Kerensky’s responsibility for the collapse of the army and navy to the head of the Provisional Government. Moreover, I turned to him for help. Another thing is that by the summer of 1917, almost the same anarchy was already happening in the Black Sea Fleet as in the Baltic. Performances by sailors and riots followed one another. On June 6, 1917, Kolchak was removed from the post of commander of the Black Sea Fleet. At the time, the admiral apparently did not imagine that he would never return to naval service.
They are always trying to explain to us that Kolchak’s removal from the post of fleet commander was caused solely by Kerensky’s fear of the admiral’s popular personality. But in fact, this is not entirely true. Even before Kolchak’s resignation, American Vice Admiral J. G. Glennon and the personal representative of the American president, Senator E. Root, arrived in Sevastopol. Apparently even then, in Sevastopol, they turned to Kolchak with a proposal to go to the United States to assist the Americans who had entered the war in organizing the mine business. It is unclear what the real goals of this proposal were and when Kolchak agreed to them, but already in July 1917, in a letter to his mistress A.V. Timereva, Kolchak writes the following: “Now I can speak more or less definitely about my future. Upon arrival in Petrograd, I received an invitation from US Ambassador Root and from the naval mission of Admiral Glennon to serve in the American Navy. Despite the gravity of my situation, I still did not dare to immediately and irrevocably break with my Motherland, and then Ruth and Glennon quite ultimatically proposed to the Provisional Government to send me as the head of the military mission to America to serve during the war in the U.S. Navy [US Navy]. Now this issue has been resolved by the government in a positive sense, and I am waiting for the final formation of the mission.”
On July 27, 1917, Kolchak sets off for the USA, but on the way stops in England, where he spends almost a month. Officially, the Russian admiral studied British military achievements. However, Kolchak was not going to leave active political life. Just before his departure, he received a telegram from Petrograd with an offer to stand as a candidate for the Constituent Assembly from the Kadet Party. He agreed.
At the beginning of August, Kolchak arrives in the USA, where he is greeted at the very high level. He met with the US Secretary of the Navy, his assistant, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of War. On October 16, Kolchak was received by President V. Wilson.
Just two months later, Kolchak leaves the United States and heads to Yokohama Island (Japan). The purpose of this trip is again unclear. One gets the impression that Kolchak is being deliberately taken to the future theater of military operations. Here in Yokohama, Kolchak learns about October Revolution.
Having learned about the coup, Kolchak began to ask to serve in the British army “at least as a simple soldier.” He made this request to the English envoy in Tokyo, Sir Green. After some time, he received a positive response and a direction to Bombay, from where he was to be transported to British possessions in Mesopotamia. But halfway there, Kolchak received a telegram saying that he should not go to Mesopotamia, since the British crown did not need his services. Therefore, Kolchak moved to Beijing to the Russian Embassy. From here his path to seizing power in the East of Russia will begin.
The circumstances under which Kolchak’s star rose as the “supreme ruler” of Russia are full of ambiguities. It should be said that after the overthrow of the monarchy, France and England considered the territory of Russia as their prey. In the spring of 1918, the high command of the Allies in the Entente decided to overthrow the “pro-German” regime of the Bolsheviks and establish their full control over Russia. All anti-Bolshevik forces were subordinate to the French general M. Janin. The French plans included the occupation of the Far East and Siberia, as well as Crimea in the South, the British planned to capture Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, the Romanians - Bessarabia. Meanwhile, this situation did not really suit the Americans, who were left seemingly with nothing. The United States urgently needed its people in Russia. And Admiral Kolchak became such a person. On November 18, 1918, Kolchak overthrew the pro-Antante directory and proclaimed himself the “Supreme Ruler of Russia.” It is noteworthy that the first foreign representative to visit the admiral was the US Consul General in Irkutsk, Harris. He officially told Kolchak that the US government would provide him with full support. In 1918-1919, the Americans gave Kolchak 600 thousand rifles, more than 4.5 million rounds of ammunition, 220 thousand shells, large number guns and machine guns, 330 thousand pairs of army shoes. In February 1919, the American government sent a special military mission to southern Russia. It was headed by the former US military attaché in Petrograd, Lieutenant Colonel Riggs. The task of the mission included organizing all kinds of assistance to Kolchak’s armies.
Relying on American support, Kolchak was able to remove General Janin from the post of de facto commander-in-chief, for which the latter did not fail to subsequently take revenge on the admiral by handing him over to death. The Kolchak regime was an ugly combination of external Russian state paraphernalia with Socialist Revolutionary ministers, semi-English uniforms and French advisers. Among these advisers was Yakov Sverdlov’s brother, Zinovy Sverdlov, who then bore the surname Peshkov. The head of the Kolchak government was V.N. Pepelyaev, a cadet who enthusiastically greeted the February Revolution, a former commissar of the Provisional Government.
Kolchak’s title, “Supreme Ruler,” sounds especially blasphemous. It is known that such a title belonged to only one person in Russia - the Sovereign Emperor. Who and by what right assigned this title to Vice Admiral Kolchak?
Kolchak was never free in his decisions. He spoke about this himself. Lieutenant General K.V. Sakharov, a close ally of Kolchak, gives the following conversation with him:
« - “The Russian people,” the admiral continued, “cannot stop at anyone, nor be satisfied with anyone.
- How do you imagine, Your Excellency, the future?
- Just like every honest Russian. /…/All layers of the Russian people, starting with the peasants, think only about the restoration of the monarchy, about calling their people's Leader - the legitimate Tsar - to the throne. Only this is successful.
- So why not announce now that the Omsk government understands the people’s desires and will follow them this way?
The Admiral laughed sarcastically.
- What will our foreigners and allies say? What will our ministers say?
The most openly democratic character of the Kolchak regime was revealed by the head of the “Arkhangelsk Government”, Socialist Revolutionary N.V. Tchaikovsky. In 1919, he was summoned to Versailles for a conference of the “victorious powers,” where on May 9 he had a conversation with US President Wilson and British Prime Minister Lloyd George. It was about Kolchak. Tchaikovsky assured his high-ranking interlocutors that “Kolchak is supported by democratic forces” and that the admiral will follow “democratic policies.”
In this regard, I would like to say a few words about Kolchak’s role in the investigation of the Yekaterinburg crime. There is an order from Kolchak to assist N.A. Sokolov’s investigation into the murder of the Royal Family. In the margins of this document stands the following resolution of General Dieterichs, apparently made by him later: “ The Supreme Ruler really did not want to give me this order, since he is under the strong influence of the German-Jewish party and any establishment of the truth in this matter is extremely undesirable for him»
The Kolchak regime could not help but collapse. At its basis, just like the Bolshevik basis, lay a big lie. But unlike the Bolshevik lie, Kolchak’s lie was spiritually more dangerous, because it was hidden behind national banners, gold shoulder straps, and Russian state symbols. Kolchak usurped the sacred rights and prerogatives of the Russian Tsar, and the pathetic propaganda of the “Constituent Assembly” emphasized this usurpation even more.
General Sakharov wrote in his memoirs: “ The version that was widely spread among the people was that the white army was marching with priests in full vestments, with banners and singing “Christ is Risen!” This legend spread deep into Russia; Two months later, those who made their way through the Red Front to our side from the Volga region told us: the people there joyfully crossed themselves, sighed and looked with enlightened eyes to the east, from where in their dreams their native, close Rus' was already coming. Five weeks later, when I arrived at the front, they conveyed their thoughts to me as I toured our combat units west of Ufa:
- Look, Your Excellency, what a disaster it turned out to be. Otherwise, the people were completely daydreaming, the end of the torment, they thought. We hear that Mikhail Lyaksandrych himself is coming with the white army, he has again declared himself the Tsar, he has mercy on everyone, he gives land. Well, the Orthodox people came to life, they became bolder, which means they even started beating the commissars. Everyone was waiting, our people would come, we just had to wait a little longer. But what turned out to be wrong.”
It is this feeling that “it didn’t work out right” that explains main reason popular passivity. And although at the beginning the people happily went with the admiral against the Reds, more than 150 thousand Ural workers fought in the ranks of Kolchak’s army, as the fighting progressed, popular support abandoned Kolchak. The people intuitively felt that Kolchak was not the legitimate leader of Russia, that he was the same impostor as the commissars were.
At the end of the Kolchak epic, under the blows of the Red armies, everyone turned away from Kolchak. His allies betrayed him first. General Janin, fulfilling the secret order of Paris, betrayed the admiral and the head of his government, V.N. Pepelyaev, to the Reds. On February 7, 1920, on Lenin’s personal order, Kolchak and Pepelyaev were shot. Kolchak met death courageously, as befits an officer. The same cannot be said about Pepelyaev. Contrary to the film, Pepelyaev, according to eyewitnesses, lost his presence of mind and begged for mercy. The bodies of Kolchak and Pepelyaev were thrown into the Angara.
They say that Kolchak liked to repeat the phrase: “Nothing is given for free, you have to pay for everything and not evade paying.” His life and death were the best proof of the truth of this saying.
The White Army gave many examples of brave and courageous, selfless Russian officers and soldiers. General Kappel, General Markov, General Mamontov, Lieutenant Nezhentsov. The Red Army gave the same examples: Chapaev, Budyonny, Mironov. These people, each in their own way, thought that they were fighting for Russia, for its better life. You can talk about these people with respect and give them their due. But you can never make heroes out of them. For there can be no heroes in a fratricidal war.
Moreover, it is impossible to glorify and extol the leaders of the fratricidal war: Kolchak, Denikin, Frunze, Kamenev, Vatsetis, Wrangel. And no matter how different Kolchak and Lenin were from each other, they were united by one thing: their readiness to shed brotherly blood in the name of other people’s political goals, in the name of an ephemeral “bright future.” Admiral Kolchak wrote openly about this after the Brest-Litovsk Treaty: “ The war is lost. We'll wait new war, as the only bright future, but for now we need to finish the present one, and then start a new one.”
The victory of Kolchak, Denikin or Wrangel would mean the economic occupation of Russia by the British, French and Americans. Let's not forget that the governments of Kolchak and Wrangel had clear obligations to their allies on this issue. The same thing would have happened, only outwardly in milder forms, which happened under the Bolsheviks. But if the robbery of Russia by the Bolsheviks was perceived precisely as robbery, then the robbery of Russia under white rule would be perceived as legitimate actions of the national Russian government.
They will tell us, but why shouldn’t we have fought against Bolshevism in the first place? Why should the country be given over to desecration without any resistance? No, we say. It was, of course, necessary to fight the Bolshevik monster. But this had to be done by people with a clear conscience and clean hands. These should have been new Minins and Pozharskys, new Ivan Susanins, and not political generals who had forgotten their duty to the Tsar and the Fatherland and dreamed of the laurels of “supreme rulers.” But the whole paradox is that if there had been Pozharskys and Susanins in the Russian army and Russian society, faithful to duty and oath, no fight against Bolshevism would have been necessary, since it simply would never have existed.
Of course, the real Kolchak and Kolchak performed by Khabensky are two completely different people. But still the hero of the film is Kolchak. Millions of people who today do not know history at all will perceive Kolchak precisely through Khabensky’s talented play, which means that the very controversial figure of the admiral, one of the organizers of the Civil War, will firmly enter the consciousness of generations as a positive figure. I want to imitate such a personality. What should I imitate? Kolchak's participation in the First World War is shown little and sparingly. But Kolchak’s love story is painted in all colors. Abstracting from the real Kolchak and not at all wanting to delve into his personal life, I would still like to note that it is unlikely that the current to the younger generation useful from a moral point of view is the story of an officer who stole his comrade from his legal wife, and abandoned his wife and child to the mercy of fate.
Not everyone knows about this. It is not customary to talk about this now for the same reason that in references to the legendary A.A. Brusilov will never be told that he became a red general. Sometimes in disputes about Kolchak they ask to show a document with a contract. I don't have one. He's not needed. Kolchak himself told everything, everything was recorded on paper. Everything is confirmed by his telegrams to his mistress Timireva.
Very important important question- what brought the British officer to Russia. Especially in light of the fact that some senators and zealots of Kolchak’s memory are in favor of erecting monuments to him :
“There should be places of worship, monuments to the heroes of the Russian Army who laid down their lives and well-being in the name of Russia, the Tsar and the Fatherland. A monument to Alexander Kolchak should appear in Omsk!”- Senator Mizulina.
We will show that:
Original taken from arctus
a) Kolchak actually entered the service of the British crown;
b) Kolchak ended up in Russia on the orders of his new superiors. (At the same time, he himself did not want to go to Russia. Maybe he even hoped to avoid the visit.)
* * *
From the minutes of the meetings of the Extraordinary Investigative Commission.
Italicized - inserts from arctus.
“...Having considered this question, I came to the conclusion that there was only one thing left for me - to continue the war, as a representative of the former Russian government, which made a certain commitment to the allies. I occupied an official position, enjoyed its trust, it waged this war, and I obliged to continue this war. Then I went to the British envoy in Tokyo, Sir Greene, and expressed to him my point of view on the situation, saying that I don't recognize this government (remember these words -arctus)
and I consider it my duty, as one of the representatives of the former government, to fulfill the promise to the allies; that the obligations that were assumed by Russia in relation to the allies are also my obligations, as a representative of the Russian command, and that therefore I consider it necessary to fulfill these obligations to the end and wish to participate in the war, even if Russia made peace under the Bolsheviks. Therefore, I turned to him with a request to bring to the attention of the British government that I ask to be accepted into the English army under any conditions. I do not set any conditions, but only ask that you give me the opportunity to actively fight.
Sir Green listened to me and said: “I completely understand you, I understand your position; I will inform my government about this and ask you to wait for a response from the British government.”
However, he had the opportunity to remain serving in the Russian Navy, there are many examples of naval senior officers, and the investigator draws attention to this:
Alekseevsky. At the time when you made such a difficult decision to enter the service of another state, even an allied or former allied state, you must have had the thought that there is a whole group of officers who quite consciously remain in the service of the new government in the Navy, and that among them there are well-known large figures ... large officers in the Navy who deliberately went for it, such as, for example Altvater* . How did you feel about them?
Kolchak. Altvater’s behavior surprised me, because if earlier the question had been raised about what political beliefs Altvater, then I would say that he was rather a monarchist.... And I was even more surprised by his repainting in this form. In general, before it was difficult to say what political beliefs an officer had, since such a question simply did not exist before the war. If one of the officers had asked then: “Which party do you belong to?” - then he would probably answer: “I don’t belong to any party and I’m not involved in politics.” (and now let us remember the words noted above about the non-recognition of the Bolshevik government, and let us carefully read the following -arctus
)
Each of us believed that the government could be anything, but that Russia could exist under any form of government. In your case, a monarchist means a person who believes that only this form of government can exist. I think we had few such people, and Altvater most likely belonged to this type of people. For me personally, there was not even such a question as whether Russia could exist under a different type of government. Of course I thought it could exist.
Alekseevsky.Then among the military, if not expressed, there was still an idea that Russia could exist under any government. However, when the new government was created, did it already seem to you that the country could not exist under this type of government?
<…>
Came two weeks later response from the British War Office. I was first told that The British government willingly accepts my offer to join the army and asks me where I would prefer to serve. I replied that when I approached them with a request to accept me into service in the English army, I did not set any conditions and offered to use me in whatever way they found possible. As for why I expressed a desire to join the army and not the Navy, I knew the English Navy well, I knew that the English Navy, of course, did not need our help.<…>
A.V. Kolchak - A. Timireva
:
"December 30, 1917 I am accepted into the service of His Majesty the King of England"
... Finally, very late, the answer came that The British government invites me to go to Bombay and report to the headquarters of the Indian Army, where I will receive instructions about my assignment to the Mesopotamian front. For me this, although I did not ask for it, was quite acceptable, since it was near the Black Sea, where the actions against the Turks took place and where I fought at sea. Therefore, I willingly accepted the offer and asked Sir Charles Green to give me the opportunity to travel by steamer to Bombay.
A.V. Kolchak - A. Timireva : “Singapore, March 16. (1918) Met by order of the British government return immediately to China for work in Manchuria and Siberia. It found a way to use me there in the form of the allies and Russia, it is preferable to Mesopotamia.”
...In the end, on the 20th of January, after long waits, I managed to leave by boat from Yokohama to Shanghai, where I arrived at the end of January. In Shanghai, I went to see our Consul General Gross and the English Consul, to whom I presented a paper defining my position and asked for his assistance in getting me on board the ship and taking me to Bombay to the headquarters of the Mesopotamian army. An appropriate order was made on his part, but he had to wait a long time for the ship. ...
When meeting with the first “whites” in Shanghai who came for weapons, Kolchak refuses help, citing his new status and the obligations associated with it:
Then, back in Shanghai, I first met with one of the representatives of the Semyonovsky armed detachment. It was the Cossack centurion Zhevchenko, who was traveling through Beijing, visited our envoy, then went to Shanghai and Japan asking for weapons for Semenov’s detachment. At the hotel where I was staying, he met me and said that there had been an uprising against Soviet power in the exclusion zone, that The rebels are led by Semenov, who has formed a detachment of 2,000 people, and that they do not have weapons and uniforms - and so he was sent to Cathay and Japan to ask for the opportunity and means to purchase weapons for the detachments.
He asked me how I felt about this. I replied that no matter how I felt, but at the moment I am bound by certain obligations and cannot change my decision. He said that it would be very important if I came to Semyonov to talk, since it was necessary for me to be involved in this matter. I said: “I completely sympathize, but I made an undertaking, received an invitation from the British government and am going to the Mesopotamian front.” From my point of view, I considered it indifferent whether I would work with Semenov or in Mesopotamia - I would fulfill my duty towards my homeland.
How did Kolchak end up in Russia? What kind of wind blew it?
I left Shanghai by boat to Singapore. In Singapore, the commander of the troops, General Ridout, came to me to greet me and gave me a telegram urgently sent to Singapore from the director of the Intelligence Department of the military general staff in England. This telegram read as follows: the British government accepted my proposal, however, due to the changed situation on the Mesopotamian front(later I found out what the situation was, but before I could not have foreseen this), considers in view the requests addressed to him by our envoy, Prince. Kudashev, useful for the general allied cause, so that I return to Russia, that I am recommended to go to the Far East to begin my activities there, and from their point of view this is more profitable than my stay on the Mesopotamian front, especially since the situation there had completely changed.
Let us pay attention to one more piece of evidence that what Kolchak was striving for was: “ I ask to be accepted into the English army on any terms" - it's done.
I'm already more than half way done. This put me in an extremely difficult situation, primarily financially.- after all, we traveled all the time and lived on our own money, without receiving a penny from the English government, so our funds were running out and we could not afford such trips. I then sent another telegram asking: is this an order or just advice that I may not follow?. To this, an urgent telegram was received with a rather vague answer: the British government insists that it is better for me to go to the Far East, and recommends that I go to Beijing at the disposal of our envoy, Prince. Kudasheva. Then I saw that their issue had been resolved. After waiting for the first steamer, I left for Shanghai, and from Shanghai by rail to Beijing. This was in March or April 1918.<...>
That is, Kolchak obeyed the order, and did not go to Russia at the call of his soul.
As for material difficulties - well, really, it’s a logical question; only strong romantics and enthusiasts can work without a salary.
_______________________
*
Vasily Mikhailovich Altfater - rear admiral of the Russian Imperial Navy, first commander of the RKKF RSFSR
In the photo: Admiral A. IN . Kolchak (sitting), head of the British mission, General A. Knox and British officers on the Eastern Front, 1918
“I recently came across an interesting article. The historian Arsen Martirosyan raised a new topic for me in “Kolchak studies.”
There were suspicions, I won’t hide it, “before”: Kolchak’s mysterious disappearance in July 1917, his voyage to England, the USA and Japan, his arrival in Omsk only in November 1918.
And here is what A. Kolchak writes to A. Timireva:
« December 30, 1917 I am accepted into the service of His Majesty the King of England »
« Singapore, March 16. (1918) Met with an order from the British government to immediately return to China to work in Manchuria and Siberia. It found that it was preferable to use me there in the form of the Allies and Russia before Mesopotamia . »
And also some oddities - during his time in the roadstead of Sevastopol Bay, a powerful ship was blown up for a still unknown reason and sunk battleship "Empress Maria" . On the eve of the explosion, departures from the ship to shore were prohibited, and most of the sailors from the crew of 1,200 people died. Under him, the Black Sea Fleet also lost several smaller ships with crews - even before contact with enemy ships.
And now the floor to A. Martirosyan. Here's what he writes:
“...It is no secret that Kolchak was recruited by British intelligence while he was a captain of the 1st rank and commander of a mine division in the Baltic Fleet. This happened at the turn of 1915-1916...”
So, let's start studying.
Hiding the truth
The release of the film “Admiral” on the wide Russian screen prompted me to put pen to paper. Undoubtedly, modern Russia needs a truthful picture of its great and at the same time long-suffering past. But it is impossible to once again “reshape” history contrary to the existing facts and disorient the movie viewer for the sake of commerce and market conditions. This is not about the talent and charm of the actors or directorial skills, but about the attitude towards the history of our Motherland.
It is no secret that Kolchak was recruited by British intelligence while he was a captain of the 1st rank and commander of a mine division in the Baltic Fleet. This happened at the turn of 1915-1916. This was already a betrayal of the Tsar and the Fatherland, to which he swore allegiance and kissed the cross! Have you ever thought about Why did the Entente fleets calmly enter the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea in 1918?After all, he was mined! Moreover, in the confusion of the two revolutions of 1917, no one removed the minefields because the ticket to enter His Majesty’s service for Kolchak was to hand over to British intelligence all the information about the location of minefields and obstacles in the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea! After all, it was he who carried out this mining, and he had in his hands all the maps of the minefields and obstacles.
Next. As you know, on June 28, 1916, Kolchak was appointed commander of the Black Sea Fleet. However, this happened under the direct patronage of the resident of British intelligence in Russia, Colonel Samuel Hoare, and the British ambassador to the Russian Empire, Buchanan. This is the second betrayal, because Kolchak, becoming under foreign patronage the commander of one of the most important fleets of Russia at that time, assumed certain obligations to British intelligence, which was very “sensitive” to Russian military activity in the areas adjacent to the Black Sea straits. And in the end, he simply abandoned the fleet and secretly fled to England in August 1917.
Kolchak received the title of admiral from the hands of the Provisional Government, to which he also swore allegiance. And which he also betrayed! At least because, having fled to England, already in August 1917, together with the Chief of the British Naval General Staff, General Hall, discussed the need to establish a dictatorship in Russia. Simply put, the question is about the overthrow of the Provisional Government, about a coup d'etat. Swear allegiance to the Provisional Government, receive a promotion from it and betray it too!
Then, at the request of the American ambassador in England, Kolchak was sent to the United States, where he was also recruited by the diplomatic intelligence of the US State Department. Recruitment was carried out by former Secretary of State Eliahu Root. That is, the British were also betrayed along the way. Although the “Brits” of course knew about this recruitment...
Having eventually become a double Anglo-American agent, after the October coup of 1917, Kolchak turned to the English envoy to Japan K. Green with a request to the government of His Majesty King George V of England to officially accept him into service! That’s what he wrote in his petition: “ ...I place myself entirely at the disposal of his government...»
"His government"- means the government of His Majesty the English King George V.
On December 30, 1917, the British government officially granted Kolchak's request. From this moment, Kolchak had already officially gone over to the side of the enemy, who was masquerading as an ally.
Why enemy? Yes, because, firstly, yet On November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Council of the Entente made an official decision to intervene in Russia. Secondly, already on December 10 (23), 1917, the leaders of the European core of the Entente - England and France - signed convention on the division of Russia on spheres of influence (for the information of readers: this convention was never officially annulled). According to it, the allies deigned to divide Russia as follows: the North of Russia and the Baltic states fell into the zone of English influence, France received Ukraine and the South of Russia.
If Kolchak had simply collaborated (let’s say, within the framework of military-technical supplies) with former Entente allies, as many White Guard generals did, then that would be one thing. Even despite the fact that they also took on not very good obligations. However, they at least de facto acted as something independent, without formally switching to the service of a foreign state. But Kolchak officially transferred to the service of Great Britain. British General Knox, who supervised Kolchak in Siberia, at one time openly admitted that the British were directly responsible for the creation of Kolchak's government. All this is now well known and documented, including from foreign sources.
So it’s time to end the collective lamentations for the supposedly innocently killed admiral. Without denying his previous undoubted scientific services to Russia, one cannot help but notice that he crossed them out with his own hand. In documents from British intelligence, the US State Department, in the personal correspondence of the “gray eminence” of American politics during the First World WarColonel HouseA.V. Kolchak is directly called their double agent(these documents are known to historians)...
On November 11, 1918, in the Paris suburb of Compiegne, it was signed Compiegne Agreement, which ended the First World War. When they remember it, they usually very “elegantly” forget to mention that it was just an armistice agreement for a period of 36 days. Moreover, it was signed without the participation of Russia, which, as an empire, bore the brunt of the war, and then, having already become Soviet, rendered a colossal service to the same Entente with its revolutionary intervention in events in Germany. Without her help, the Entente would have been fussing with the Kaiser's Germany for a long time...
Article 12 of the Compiegne Armistice Agreement stated: “All German troops that are now located in the territories that constituted Russia before the war must equally return to Germany as soon as the Allies recognize that the moment has come for this, taking into account the internal situation of these territories" However, the secret subclause of the same article 12 already directly obligated Germany to keep its troops in the Baltic states to fight Soviet Russia until the arrival of the troops and fleets (in the Baltic Sea) of the Entente member countries. Such actions of the Entente were openly anti-Russian, because no one had the slightest right to decide the fate of the occupied Russian territories without the participation of Russia, I emphasize, even the Soviet one.
During the period of actual German occupation, as well as after the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty by the German occupation authorities, huge chunks of purely Russian territories were forcibly “cut off” from the Baltic territories. To Estonia - parts of the St. Petersburg and Pskov provinces, in particular Narva, Pechora and Izborsk, to Latvia - Dvinsky, Lyudinsky and Rezhitsky districts of the Vitebsk province and part of the Ostrovsky district of the Pskov province, to Lithuania - parts of the Suwalki and Vilna provinces populated by Belarusians.
Lenin, who tried to recapture the Baltic states by armed means, no matter how he was treated personally, was absolutely right de facto and, what is especially important in this regard, de jure. Because official diplomatic relations were unilaterally severed with Soviet Russia by the Kaiser’s Germany, which soon collapsed, and the Brest-Litovsk Treaty with the Germans automatically lost any force. Hence, The Baltic states, which remained under German occupation both de facto and de jure, turned into Russian territory illegally seized and occupied by the troops of the deceased state.. From a purely military-geopolitical point of view, the armed onslaught of the Bolsheviks on the Baltic States, which began on November 13, 1918, was absolutely justified in the nature of an objectively necessary counter-offensive in order to protect the state’s own territory.
Despite the failure of this armed campaign, the fate of the Baltic territories could not be decided without the participation of Russia, even in the person of some traitor. And the Entente entrusted this vile deed to Admiral Kolchak.On May 26, 1919, the Supreme Council of the Entente sent the admiral (his actions on behalf of the allied command were led by the already mentioned British General Knox and the military intelligence intellectual J. Halford Mackinder, later the most famous British geopolitician) a note in which, announcing the severance of relations with the Soviet government, he expressed his readiness to recognize him as the supreme ruler of Russia. And that’s what’s typical. Admittedly, they recognized him, but only de facto. And with all this, they demanded purely legal actions from him - they gave him a strict ultimatum, according to whichKolchak had to agree in writing to:
1. Secession of Poland and Finland from Russia, which made no sense, especially in relation to Finland, other than London’s furious desire to arrange everything in such a way that these countries received independence allegedly from the hands of the Entente.
The fact is that the independence of Finland was granted by the Soviet government on December 31, 1917, which, by the way, Finland still celebrates. It was the right step, because its stay within Russia, where, according to the Treaty of Friedrichsham of 1809, it was included by Alexander I (at the request of the ancestor of the future ruler of Finland, Mannerheim), was not only senseless, but also dangerous due to the purely nationalistic separatism that was blazing there. As for Poland, due to the events of October 1917, it already became independent - Lenin did not interfere with this.
2. Transfer of the question about division of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania (as well as the Caucasus and Trans-Caspian region) from Russia for consideration by the arbitration of the League of Nations in the event that the agreements necessary for the Entente are not reached between Kolchak and the “governments” of these territories.
Along the way, Kolchak was presented with an ultimatum that he recognize the Versailles Conference’s right to decide the fate of Bessarabia.
In addition, Kolchak had to guarantee that he would not restore “special privileges in favor of any class or organization” and the previous regime in general. A little clarification. Simply put, The Entente was not satisfied with the restoration of not only the tsarist regime, but even the regime of the Provisional Government.And if it’s simpler, then united and indivisible Russia as states and countries.
On June 12, 1919, Kolchak gave the Entente the necessary written answer, which it considered satisfactory.Once again I draw attention to the special meanness of the Entente. After all, she only recognized Kolchak de facto, but issued an ultimatum de jure. And the Entente recognized the answer from the only de facto “supreme ruler” of Russia de jure.
As a result, Kolchak in one fell swoop crossed out all the conquests of Peter the Great and the Nystad Treaty itself between Russia and Sweden of August 30, 1721.According to this agreement, the territories of Ingermanland, part of Karelia, all of Estonia and Livonia with the cities of Riga, Revel (Tallinn), Dorpat, Narva, Vyborg, Kexholm, the islands of Ezel and Dago passed to Russia and its successors into full, undeniable and eternal possession and ownership. Before the First World War, for almost two centuries, no one in the world even tried to challenge this, especially since the Nystad Treaty itself was confirmed in writing and guaranteed by the same England and France...
When Kolchak completed the tasks assigned to him and huge chunks of the territory of the Russian state were de jure torn away, his fate was decided. The Moor has done his job - the Moor can leave, or even better if he is removed from the arena - preferably by someone else's hands. By the hands of the representative of the Entente under Kolchak, General Janin, and with the assistance of the Czechoslovak corps. The admiral, who failed to become the Cromwell of Russia, was “surrendered” without remorse.
It remains to say the following. On what basis the Anglo-Saxons “took” Kolchak - whether on immense vanity, on drug use (Kolchak was an avid cocaine addict) or on both at the same time, or on something else - is now impossible to establish. But you can still assume something. It is possible that Kolchak was “kindled” by a feeling of ancestral revenge for his distant ancestor - the commander of the Khotyn fortress in 1739 Iliasa Kalchak Pasha, from which the Kalchak family began in Russia. Ilias Kalchak Pasha - this is how his name was written in the 18th century - was forced to surrender to Russian troops under the command of Minich during the next Russian-Turkish war. After 180 years, a distant descendant of Ilias Kalchak Pasha - A.V. Kolchak - surrendered to the West all the conquests of Peter I and his heirs.This is who they are trying to present today as a true patriot of Russia and an innocent victim.
(all highlights in the text are mine. - arctus
)
* * *
This side of life should be known and studied not only by opponents, but also by Kolchak’s apologists. It is better not to be mistaken than to be mistaken. And this happens. Talleyrand, the most famous French foreign minister, worked as an agent of Russian influence before the fall of Napoleon."
On December 31, 1917, Admiral Kolchak deliberately went over to the side of the British King, after which he served him faithfully, and all his actions, again consciously, were directed purely against his own Motherland - Russia. And more specifically, to destroy its territorial integrity.
Therefore, if we talk about his honor and loyalty, then yes, in relation to the British crown, he kept them until his death - which naturally followed in the form of execution for betrayal of the Motherland that nurtured and elevated him - Russia and faithful service to its original and vile enemies.
Admiral Kolchak: a traitor and only a traitor!
IN lately More and more often there are almost demands for the rehabilitation of Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak as an allegedly innocent victim of political repression by the Bolsheviks. At times it comes almost to the point of hysteria on the part of the “rehabilitator democrats”, who demand full justification for the actions of this traitor to Russia. Thus, shortly before his death, the extremely odious “architect of perestroika” and the same traitor - Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, foaming at the mouth from television screens, demanded the complete rehabilitation of A.V. Kolchak.
For what? Why do some traitors care so much about “ good name"other traitors who preceded them?! After all, since hoary biblical times, betrayal has been the only a priori unforgivable act forever and ever and, therefore, regardless of any previous services to Russia, a traitor must remain a traitor! And we managed to erect a monument to the traitor who officially switched to the service of the British king in Irkutsk!? And a multiple traitor. Worse than that. A traitor who not only managed to formalize his transition to the side of the ardent enemies of Russia, but also de jure formalize the violent dismemberment of the Russian State! After all, many territorial and political problems, in particular, with the same Baltic limitrophes were generated precisely by his activities! Judge for yourself.
Kolchak was recruited by British intelligence while he was a captain of the 1st rank and commander of a mine division in the Baltic Fleet. This happened at the turn of 1915-1916. This was already a betrayal of the Tsar and the Fatherland, to which he swore allegiance and kissed the cross! Have you ever wondered why the Entente fleets calmly entered the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea in 1918?! After all, he was mined! Moreover, in the confusion of two revolutions in 1917, no one removed the minefields. Yes, because Kolchak’s ticket to joining the British intelligence service was to hand over all the information about the location of minefields and obstacles in the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea! After all, it was he who carried out this mining and had all the maps of minefields and obstacles in his hands!
Next. As you know, on June 28, 1916, Kolchak was appointed commander of the Black Sea Fleet. However, this happened under the direct patronage of the resident of British intelligence in Russia, Colonel Samuel Hoare, and the British ambassador to the Russian Empire, Buchanan (the tsar is also good - no, to send English allies to the “Bigben mother” so that they do not interfere in the internal affairs of the empire). This is the second betrayal, because, under such patronage, becoming the commander of one of the most important fleets of Russia at that time, Kolchak accepted obligations to fulfill the official task of British intelligence to disorganize and reduce the combat effectiveness of this fleet. And, in the end, he fulfilled it - he simply abandoned the fleet and in August 1917 secretly fled to England. What do you want to call a fleet commander who, during a war, basely abandons his fleet and secretly flees the country abroad?! What does he deserve in this case?! At a minimum, a more than clear definition - TRAITOR and TRAITOR!
Kolchak received the title of admiral from the hands of the Provisional Government, to which he also swore allegiance. And which he also betrayed! If only because, having secretly fled to England, already in August 1917, together with the Chief of the British Naval General Staff, General Hall, he discussed the need to establish a dictatorship in Russia! Simply put, the question of overthrowing the Provisional Government! To put it even simpler, it’s a question of a coup d’état. Otherwise, forgive me, how could a dictatorship be established?! Swear allegiance to the already vile Provisional Government that overthrew the Tsar, receive a promotion from it and immediately betray him too!? This is already a genetic pathology! I’ll explain below what’s going on here.
Then, at the request of the American ambassador in England, Kolchak was sent to the United States, where he was also recruited by the diplomatic intelligence of the US State Department. The recruitment was carried out by former Secretary of State Eliahu Root. That is, at the same time he has now betrayed the British too. Although the Britons, of course, knew about this recruitment. The fact that he temporarily betrayed the British is to hell with him and with them. The point is different. Having gone to be recruited by the Americans, for the second time in short time betrayed the same Provisional Government, to which he also swore allegiance and thanks to which he became an admiral. But in general, the list of his betrayals only lengthened.
Having eventually become a double Anglo-American agent, Kolchak immediately after the October 1917 coup turned to the English envoy to Japan K. Green with a request to the government of His Majesty King George V of England to accept him into service! That’s what he wrote in his petition: “...I place myself entirely at the disposal of His government...”. “His Government” means the government of His Majesty the English King George V! On December 30, 1917, the British government officially granted Kolchak's request.
From this moment, Kolchak had already officially gone over to the side of the enemy, who was masquerading as an ally. Why the enemy?! Yes, because at that time only the laziest of the agents of England, the USA and the Entente as a whole could not have known that, firstly, on November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Council of the Entente made an official decision on intervention in Russia. Secondly, already on December 10 (23), 1917, the leaders of the European core of the Entente - England and France - signed a convention on dividing Russia into spheres of influence! And almost a year later, when in November 1918 the German Empire (and the Austro-Hungarian too) was sent to the dustbin of History, and Kolchak was finally thrown back to Russia, under the patronage of the United States, the Anglo-French allies confirmed that the convention itself or, in purely legal terms, prolonged its effect. And Kolchak, who knew all this and was already a double Anglo-American agent, agreed to become the alleged Supreme Ruler precisely after the confirmation of this convention under the patronage of the same states.
That’s why I say that he was a scumbag and a traitor who was officially in the service of the enemy! If he had simply collaborated (let’s say, within the framework of military-technical supplies) with former Entente allies, as many White Guard generals did, then that would be one thing. Even despite the fact that they also took on not very good obligations that affected the honor and dignity of Russia. However, they at least de facto acted as something independent, without formally switching to the service of a foreign state. But Kolchak officially transferred to the service of Great Britain.
And that same Admiral Kolchak, who was shot by the Bolsheviks like a mad dog, was not just the self-proclaimed Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, against whom the Bolsheviks fought, but an official representative of the English king and his government, who was officially in their service, trying to rule all of Russia! British General Knox, who supervised Kolchak in Siberia, at one time openly admitted that the British were directly responsible for the creation of Kolchak’s government! All this is now well known, including from foreign sources.
And along the way, Kolchak also carried out an equally important task for the Americans. It was not for nothing that E. Ruth “trained” him for the role of the future Cromwell of Russia. And do you know why?! Yes, because the overly “compassionate” E. Ruth developed a barbaric plan for the enslavement of Russia that had a decent name - “Plan of American Activities to Preserve and Strengthen the Morale of the Army and Civilian Population of Russia,” the essence of which was simple, like the revered Yankee popcorn .
Russia would continue to have to “supply” the Entente with “cannon fodder,” that is, to fight for the interests of the Anglo-Saxons, which were alien to Russia itself, while paying for it with its political and economic enslavement, in which the United States had to play the “first fiddle.” I emphasize that the central place in this plan was occupied by the economic enslavement of Russia, primarily the seizure of its railways, especially the Trans-Siberian Railway. The damned Yankees even formed a special “railway corps” to manage the Russian railways, especially the Trans-Siberian Railway (by the way, the British were targeting the Russians at that time railways in our North, in the area of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk). And in parallel, the Yankees also set their sights on Russia’s natural resources.
So it’s time to put an end to the hysterical screaming about the supposedly innocently murdered supposedly honest and decent Admiral A.V. Kolchak. A scumbag and a traitor - he is a scumbag and a traitor! And he should remain as such in history (without denying his previous scientific services to Russia, one cannot help but notice that he crossed them out with his own hand). It has now been definitively and precisely documented that he was a traitor to Russia and should and will remain such in its history of the twentieth century. In the documents of British intelligence, the US State Department, in the personal correspondence of the “gray eminence” of American politics during the First World War - Colonel House - A.V. Kolchak is directly named as their double agent (these documents are known to historians). And it was precisely as their double agent that he was supposed to implement the West’s most criminal plans towards Russia. And the “finest hour” of this traitor came in 1919. However, the West began to pave the way for his future crimes against Russia back in November 1918, at the end of the First World War.
The main thing is that Article 12 of the Compiegne Armistice Agreement stated: “All German troops that are now located in the territories that constituted Russia before the war must equally return to Germany as soon as the Allies recognize that the moment has come for this, having accepted taking into account the internal situation of these territories.” However, the secret subclause of the same article 12 already directly obligated Germany to keep its troops in the Baltic states to fight Soviet Russia until the arrival of the troops and fleets (in the Baltic Sea) of the Entente member countries. Such actions of the Entente were openly anti-Russian, because no one had the slightest right to decide the fate of the occupied Russian territories without the participation of Russia, I emphasize, even the Soviet one. But these are still “flowers”.
The fact is that the terminological “pearl” - “... in the territories that made up Russia before the war” - meant that the Entente de facto and de jure not only agreed with the results of the German occupation of territories, the legality of which became part of Russia before August 1 1914 and even throughout the First World War, it never occurred to anyone to challenge it, at least openly, but also in the same way, that is, both de facto and de jure trying to tear away, or, as Then the Anglo-French allies put it “elegantly” by “evacuating” these territories after the fact of the German occupation. Simply put, as if in the order of a “legitimate trophy” obtained from a defeated enemy - Germany.
And in this regard, I would like to draw attention to the following circumstance. As mentioned above, back on November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Council of the Entente made an official decision to intervene in Russia. Unofficially, this decision was agreed upon back in December 1916 - they were only waiting for the now extolled “temporary February workers” to drive their “revolutionary ax” into the back of the Entente’s most loyal ally, Nicholas II. And in development of this decision, on December 10 (23), 1917, the Anglo-French convention on the division of Russian territory was signed. For the information of readers: this vile convention has not yet been officially canceled!
According to this convention, the allies deigned to divide Russia as follows: the North of Russia and the Baltic states fell into the zone of English influence (this, of course, was not the end of the Britons’ “appetites,” but that’s a separate conversation). France got Ukraine and the south of Russia. On November 13, 1918, the same Anglo-French allies, under the patronage of the United States, brazenly extended the validity of this convention. Simply put, for the second time they declared a war on Russia, even a Soviet one, truly a world war, and truly the second in a row in the scenario “from the wheels” of the First World War! In fact, this was indeed a re-declaration of the first “Second World War” in the 20th century in the “on the wheels” scenario of the first world massacre.
Lenin, who tried to recapture the Baltic states by armed means, no matter how he treated him personally, was absolutely right de facto. And, what is especially important in this regard, de jure too. Because official diplomatic relations were unilaterally severed by the Kaiser’s Germany, which soon collapsed, and the Brest-Litovsk Treaty automatically lost any force. Consequently, the Baltic states that remained under German occupation, both de facto and de jure, turned into Russian territory illegally seized and occupied by the troops of the deceased state, which is also openly stolen by the Entente! Moreover, declaring for the second time to Russia, even the Soviet one, the next, that is, the next world war, the second in a row and in the scenario “from the wheels of the first”! From a purely military-geopolitical point of view, the armed onslaught of the Bolsheviks on the Baltic States, which began on November 13, 1918, was absolutely justified in the nature of an objectively necessary counter-offensive in order to protect the state’s own territory.
But from an ideological point of view, Lenin was just as wrong, for he gave this armed campaign the appearance of an attempt to “come to the aid of the German revolution,” which was violently rejected by all of Germany, which Ilyich and Co. did not want to understand, since their enthusiasm at that moment, mildly to put it simply, the idea of a “field revolution”, inadequate to the realities of that time, simply turned off in their minds even the shadow of a hint of any rational thinking. The result was logical - defeat was inevitable, especially since all of Europe, with desperate efforts, even to the point of inciting evil Judeophobia in most of its countries, repelled the attacks of Lenin, Trotsky and Co., stunned by the bloody taste of the “world revolution” and their German and other “colleagues” .
But, despite the failure of this armed campaign, the fate of these territories could not be decided without the participation of Russia, even in the person of some traitor. And the Entente entrusted this vile deed to the now praised Admiral Kolchak, who by that time had become a direct agent of the Entente’s strategic influence.
On May 26, 1919, the Supreme Council of the Entente sent Admiral Kolchak, who was completely controlled by British intelligence (his actions on behalf of the allied command were directly led by the British General Knox and, subsequently, the legendary British geopolitician, and then, as indeed until the end of his life, the most authoritative British military intelligence officer-intellectual J. Halford Mackinder) a note in which, reporting the severance of relations with the Soviet government, he expressed his readiness to recognize his own double agent of strategic influence in the admiral's ranks for the Supreme Ruler of Russia!? And that’s what’s typical. Admittedly, they recognized him, but only de facto. But de jure - sorry, they showed the Entente three-fingered. But with all this, they demanded purely legal actions from him - they gave him a strict ultimatum, according to which Kolchak had to agree in writing to:
1. The separation of Poland and Finland from Russia, which made no sense, especially in relation to Finland, except for the fierce desire of especially Great Britain to arrange everything in such a way that these countries received independence supposedly from the hands of only the Entente (West). The fact is that the independence of Finland was granted by the Soviet government on December 31, 1917, which, by the way, Finland still celebrates. It was the right step, because its stay within Russia, where, according to the Friedrichsham Treaty of 1809, it was included by Alexander I (by the way, at the request of the ancestor of the future Fuhrer of Finland, Mannerheim), was not only senseless, but also dangerous due to the separatism that was raging there purely nationalistic.
As for Poland, due to the events of October 1917, it already became independent - Lenin did not interfere. Consequently, from this point of view, the ultimatum to Kolchak was also meaningless.
2. Transferring the issue of the separation of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania (as well as the Caucasus and the Trans-Caspian region) from Russia to the arbitration of the League of Nations in the event that the agreements necessary for the West are not reached between Kolchak and the puppet governments of these territories.
At the same time, Kolchak was presented with an ultimatum that he recognize the right of the Versailles “peace” conference to decide the fate of Bessarabia as well.
In addition, Kolchak had to guarantee the following:
1. That as soon as he captures Moscow (the Entente, obviously, went crazy for setting him such a task), he will immediately convene a Constituent Assembly.
2. That he will not interfere with the free election of local governments. A little clarification. The fact is that under the outwardly very attractive formulation there was hidden a time bomb that was colossal in its destructive power. The fire of separatism of various stripes was then burning in the country. From purely nationalistic to regional and even local. Moreover, literally everyone was drawn into this destructive process, including, sadly, even purely Russian territories, almost completely Russian in population composition. And granting them the freedom to elect local bodies of self-government automatically meant granting them the freedom to separately declare the independence of their territory, and, accordingly, secede from Russia. That is, the ultimate goal was to destroy the territorial integrity of Russia at the hands of its own population! The West, by the way, always tries to do just that. In the same way, by the way, the USSR was destroyed in 1991.
3. That he will not restore “special privileges in favor of any class or organization” and, in general, the previous regime, which restricted civil and religious freedoms. A little clarification. Simply put, the Entente was not at all satisfied with not only the restoration of the tsarist regime, but even the regime of the Provisional Government. And to put it even more simply, a united and indivisible Russia, as a state and a country. It is at this point, not to mention others, that the meanness of Kolchak’s repeated betrayal manifests itself most clearly. Someone, but he knew very well that the news of the overthrow of the tsar was received, in particular, in the same England, whose king he volunteered to serve, by the British Parliament with a standing ovation, and its Prime Minister - Lloyd - George simply exclaimed: “The goal of the war has been achieved!” That is, he openly admitted that the First world war This is exactly what it was started for! And, therefore, by recognizing this point of the Entente’s ultimatum, Kolchak once again proved that he is a traitor deliberately acting against Russia!
On June 12, 1919, Kolchak gave the Entente the necessary written answer, which it considered satisfactory. Once again I draw attention to the special meanness of the Entente. After all, she only recognized Kolchak de facto, but issued an ultimatum de jure. And the answer from the recognized only de facto traitor of Russia, the Entente recognized de jure! This is what the West means!
As a result, some Kolchak in one fell swoop crossed out all the conquests of Peter the Great and the Nystad Treaty itself of August 30, 1721! When he completed the tasks assigned to him and huge chunks of the territory of the Russian state were de jure torn away, his fate was decided. The Moor has done his job - the Moor can not only leave, but must be killed, preferably by the wrong hands. So that all ends would really be in the water. Through the hands of the representative of the Entente under Kolchak - General Janin (the Anglo-Saxons remained true to themselves here too - they framed the representative of France for this unseemly deed) - and with the assistance of the Czechoslovak corps (they were also enemies of Russia, raging at the direction of their Western masters on the Trans-Siberian Railway) the puppet admiral was surrendered Bolsheviks. Well, they shot him like a dog, and rightly so! There is no point in squandering the accumulated territory of a great state and a great country for centuries!
It remains to say the following. What the Anglo-Saxons “took” Kolchak on - whether on immense vanity, on drug use (Kolchak was an avid cocaine addict) or on both at the same time, or on something else - can no longer be established. But you can still say something. Apparently, in Kolchak they “kindled” a feeling of ancestral revenge for their distant ancestor - the commander of the Khotyn fortress in 1739, Ilias Kalchak Pasha, with whom the Kalchak family began in Russia. Ilias Kalchak Pasha - this is how his name was written in the 18th century. - was forced to surrender to Russian troops under the command of Minich during the next Russian-Turkish war. After 180 years, the distant descendant of Ilias Kalchak Pasha - A.V. Kolchak - surrendered to the West all the conquests of Peter I and his heirs!
It was a frankly Jesuitical move by the West! By the hands of a traitor, precisely in admiral's uniform, and, moreover, not of Russian origin - after all, Kolchak was a “Krymchak”, that is Crimean Tatar— to deprive Russia of access to the Baltic Sea, for the right to have which, Peter the Great’s Russia fought the Northern War with Sweden for over 20 years! All the works of Peter the Great, his predecessors and successors were completely crossed out, including the famous Nystad Peace Treaty of August 30, 1721, which legitimized Russia’s right to free access to the Baltic Sea and further to the Atlantic! Moreover. This is how Russia got a headache in the form of the viciously Russophobic so-called Baltic states. This was the case even before the Second World War, and this is how it continues today.
And now “the scum that dominate democracy” - this inherently charming expression belongs to one of the most respected people in the whole world, the “king of dynamite” and the founder of the world famous Nobel Prizes Alfred Nobel - they praise Kolchak not only supposedly as a patriot of Russia, but also as an innocent victim of Bolshevik political repression!? Yes, the Bolsheviks did the right thing three times when they shot him like a mad dog - for a traitor, especially of this level, nothing else could happen!!!
