Favorite hero
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy describes in detail the path of quest of Pierre Bezukhov in the novel “War and Peace”. Pierre Bezukhov is one of the main characters of the work. He belongs to the author’s favorite characters and is therefore described in more detail. The reader is given the opportunity to follow how a wise one is formed from a young naive youth. life experience man. We become witnesses to the hero's mistakes and delusions, his painful search for the meaning of life, and the gradual change in his worldview. Tolstoy does not idealize Pierre. He displays it honestly positive features and weaknesses of character. Thanks to this, the young man seems closer and more understandable. It’s as if he comes to life on the pages of the work.
Many pages are devoted to Pierre's spiritual quest in the novel. Pierre Bezukhov - illegitimate son a wealthy St. Petersburg nobleman, one of the main contenders for a million-dollar inheritance. Having recently arrived from abroad, where he received his education, Pierre cannot decide on the choice of further life path. An unexpected inheritance and a high title of count greatly complicates the young man’s position and causes him a lot of trouble.
Strange appearance
The hero's remarkable appearance evokes a smile and bewilderment. Before us is “a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, glasses, and light trousers in the fashion of that time...”. He does not know how to communicate with ladies, behave correctly in secular society, be polite and tactful. His awkward appearance and lack of good manners are compensated by a kind smile and a naive, guilty look: “smart and at the same time timid, observant and natural.” Behind the massive figure, a pure, honest and noble soul breaks out.
Pierre's misconceptions
Fun of secular youth
Arriving in the capital, main character falls into the company of frivolous golden youth, who mindlessly indulge in empty entertainment and amusements. Noisy parties, hooligan antics, drunkenness, debauchery occupy everything free time Pierre, but do not bring satisfaction. Only in communication with his only friend Andrei Bolkonsky does he become sincere and open his soul. An older friend tries to protect the gullible young man from fatal mistakes, but Pierre stubbornly follows his own path.
Fatal love
One of the main misconceptions in the hero’s life is his infatuation with the empty and depraved beauty Helen. Gullible Pierre is an easy prey for members greedy family Prince Kuragin. He is unarmed against the seductive tricks of a secular beauty and the pressure of an unceremonious prince. Tormented by doubts, Pierre is forced to propose and become the husband of the first beauty of St. Petersburg. Pretty soon he realizes that for his wife and her father he is only a money bag. Disappointed in love, Pierre breaks off relations with his wife.
Passion for Freemasonry
The ideological quest of Pierre Bezukhov continues in the spiritual sphere. He is interested in the ideas of the Masonic brotherhood. The desire to do good, work for the good of society, and improve oneself force the hero to follow the wrong way. He tries to alleviate the plight of his serfs and begins to build free schools and hospitals. But he will be disappointed again. Money is stolen, the Masonic brothers pursue their own selfish goals. Pierre finds himself at a dead end in life. No family, no love, no worthy occupation, no purpose in life.
Heroic Rush
The state of gloomy apathy is replaced by a noble patriotic impulse. Patriotic War 1812 pushed into the background all the hero’s personal problems. His honest and noble nature is concerned about the fate of the Fatherland. Unable to join the ranks of the defenders of his country, he invests in the formation and uniform of a regiment. During the Battle of Borodino he is in the thick of things, trying to provide all possible assistance to the military. Hatred for the invaders pushes Pierre to commit a crime. He decides to kill the main culprit of what is happening, Emperor Napoleon. Heroic Rush young man ended with a sudden arrest and long months of captivity.
Life experience
One of the most important stages Pierre Bezukhov's life becomes the time spent in captivity. Deprived of his usual comfort, a well-fed life, and freedom of movement, Pierre does not feel unhappy. He receives pleasure from satisfying natural human needs, “finds that peace and self-satisfaction that he had previously strived for in vain.” Finding himself in the power of the enemy, he does not solve the complex philosophical questions of existence, does not think about his wife’s betrayal, and does not understand the machinations of those around him. Pierre lives a simple and understandable life, which Platon Karataev taught him. This man’s worldview turned out to be close and understandable to our hero. Communication with Platon Karataev made Pierre wiser and more experienced, suggested the right path to later life. He learned “not with his mind, but with his whole being, with his life, that man was created for happiness, that happiness is in him.”
Real life
Freed from captivity, Pierre Bezukhov feels like a different person. He is not tormented by doubts, has a good understanding of people and now knows what he needs to happy life. An insecure, confused person becomes strong and wise. Pierre is restoring the house and proposes to Natasha Rostova. He clearly understands that it was her that he truly loved all his life and that it was with her that he would be happy and calm.
Happy outcome
At the end of the novel, we see L.N. Tolstoy’s beloved hero as an exemplary family man, a passionate person who has found himself. He is involved in social activities, meets with interesting people. His intelligence, decency, honesty and kindness are now in demand and useful to society. Beloved and devoted wife, healthy children, close friends, interesting job– components of a happy and meaningful life for Pierre Bezukhov. In an essay on the topic “Pierre Bezukhov’s quest path” he gives detailed analysis the moral and spiritual search of an honest and noble person who, through trial and error, finds his meaning of existence. The hero finally achieved “calmness, agreement with himself.”
Work test
Lesson No. 6
Pierre in Freemasonry.
Goals:
educational:
formationthe ability to correctly and convincingly substantiate your point of view;
upbringing moral worldview students;
educational:
understanding the complexity and inconsistency of the behavior and quests of the heroes of the novel;
formation of ideas about the brotherhood of Freemasons;
developing:
improving skills in working with text, the ability to analyze what you read;
providing an opportunity for disclosure creative potential students;
development of mental and speech activity, the ability to analyze, compare, and logically correctly express thoughts.
Lesson type: lesson to improve knowledge, skills and abilities.
Lesson type: workshop lesson.
Methodical techniques: conversation on questions, retelling the text, expressive reading of the text, watching episodes from a feature film, student reports.
Predicted result:
know artistic text, history of Freemasonry;
be able toindependently find material on the topic and systematize it.
Equipment: notebooks, literary text, computer, multimedia, presentation, feature film.
During the classes
I. Organizational stage.
II. Motivation educational activities. Goal setting.
The teacher's word.
Among the “blank spots” of our history, the mysteries covered in legends, Freemasonry occupies a special place. For a long time this topic was closed for study: there was no literature. Now more and more new publications about Freemasonry are appearing, books that were published in Russia even before the revolution are being published. Today in the lesson we will turn to a topic that is closely related to the formation of the worldview of people of past eras and the present. But there are many myths, misconceptions and speculations around Freemasonry both today and in the past. The theme of Freemasonry is reflected in fiction, therefore, the task of the lesson is to get acquainted with the basics of the teachings of the Masons, to find out who they are. What is the role of the Freemasons in the destinies of the heroes of the novel "War and Peace".
Discussion of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
III . Improving knowledge, skills and abilities.
The teacher's word.
A. Radishchev, N. Karamzin, A. Griboyedov, A. Pushkin, M. Speransky, Pavel I, Alexander I, A. Suvorov, M. Kutuzov are names known to everyone. But worldwide fame is not the only thing that unites them. All of them belonged to one of the most mysterious, little-studied philosophical movements in the history of Russia - Freemasonry.
Who are the Masons? Why do disputes about Freemasonry continue today? Why did it attract great people? What are the moral aspects of the philosophy of Freemasonry and its influence on the formation of the worldview of people of past eras and the present? To answer these questions, it is necessary to turn to the history of Freemasonry.
Student message. History of Freemasonry.
The real history of Freemasonry begins with the construction of St. Paul's Cathedral in London under the direction of the architect Sir Christopher Wren. The cathedral took a long time to build, from 1675 to 1710. It was then that a wonderful idea was born: to attract public attention to this long-term construction and to raise additional funds, to found “artels” of masons who would “build” the cathedral without lifting a single brick, but only thinking about it. This is how “speculative” Freemasonry was born in England. The word "mason" translated from English and French means "mason", and with the definition "franc" - free mason. The symbols of Freemasonry were the mason's tools: a trowel, a plumb line, a compass, a square. The cathedral was finally built, but the Masonic artels - lodges - did not disappear, there were more of them. At the head of each lodge was a Master, a Venerable. The manager of an entire union of lodges was called a grandmaster or Great Master. The first theorists of Freemasonry also appeared: Andersen and Daugulier, who provided a philosophical basis for Freemasonry and began to create its theory and structure. On June 24, 1717, representatives of the first Masonic lodges gathered in a pub and established the “Grand Lodge of England” - a union of all existing lodges. This is the first and only reliable date for the birth of Freemasonry as an organized movement. Soon, Freemasonry spread to France and flourished, traditions and new symbolism appeared, the Freemasons came up with a solid history for themselves, dating back to the construction of Solomon’s Temple. The chief builder of this temple was Adoniram, who was killed for not revealing the magic word spoken to him by King Solomon. This name of God is "Jehovah". This legend of Adoniram is the basis of initiation into the degree of master in Masonic lodges. In Russia, the first lodges appeared in the 30s of the 18th century. Peter I was a “free mason”, Paul I was brought up by Freemasons and surrounded himself with them, Alexander I at the beginning of his reign was a Freemason, and in 1822 he banned Freemasonry, as a result of which this ban contributed to the development of secret societies of the Decembrists, among whom there were also many Freemasons ( Muravyov-Apostol, Pestel, Ryleev, Bestuzhev). Among the Freemasons there were many famous people of Russia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, interest in the Freemasons intensified. By 1910, there were more than 100 people in Russian political Freemasonry. Their composition was mostly cadets, Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries, Trudoviks (Kerensky, Chkheidze, Konovalov, Nekrasov, Tereshchenko). Even before the 1917 revolution, a campaign against the Freemasons began. Two arguments were used:
1) Freemasons have Jews in their ranks, therefore they are enemies of Orthodoxy and autocracy;
2) the Freemasons have socialists in their ranks, which means they are connected with the “International”.
The main moral and philosophical ideas of Freemasonry were the following:
The unacceptability of a monarchical government system.
The Masonic ideal is a democratic republic
All members of society are brothers. And neither language, nor rank, nor fortune, nor wealth makes a distinction between them.
The goal of Freemasonry is destruction Christian culture and its replacement by the Masonic world.
Humanity is higher than the fatherland. Freemasonry must cross out the past of peoples. It must create an international movement, the consequence of which will be the ideals of freedom, equality and fraternity among peoples.
Ideas of national revolutions that will destroy historically established states and lead to the creation of a Masonic superstate.
The main thing in the philosophy of the Masons was and is man, his spiritual state and harmonious development. Mutual assistance among members of the order over time turned into a system of charity. Masons build and maintain hospitals, clinics, and research centers. Philanthropic funds exist thanks to voluntary contributions from fraternity members and various donations. IN pre-revolutionary Russia On the initiative of the Freemasons, almshouses, schools, and orphanages were opened. But charity is only part of the order’s activities aimed at the benefit of humanity.
The progress of society is possible only in the absence of wars between and within states. Therefore, free masons oppose resolving conflicts by force. Each of the brothers can and should benefit by awakening the most best qualities. Masons of all directions believe that the acquisition of knowledge in the natural and human sciences, long and patient self-training will help them create an equal and just social order, a kind of temple of freedom, equality and brotherhood.
The teacher's word.
There were some moments in the activities of the Freemasons of the Alexander era that impressed Tolstoy, and the writer speaks about them very warmly and sympathetically. These are, first of all, issues of moral self-improvement. The bearer of these ideas is Osip Aleksandrovich Bazdeev, who made a strong impression on Pierre with his passionate preaching.
The image of Pierre's "benefactor", who convinced him to take the path of orthodox Freemasonry, was based on a real person - Joseph Alekseevich Pozdeev, who was popular among Moscow Freemasons.
4. Working with the text of the novel "War and Peace".
At what point in Pierre's life does he meet the freemason Bazdeev?
Pierre Bezukhov's entry into the Masonic society occurred during a difficult period of his life, associated with his marriage to Helen Kuragina. He suffers, realizing that he was not only deceived, but also deceived others. He considered himself guilty for marrying without love - this plunges Pierre into a deep crisis. “What's wrong? What well? What should you love, what should you hate? Why do you need to live and what am I? What is life, what is death? What force controls everything? - he asks himself. These reflections on the meaning of life are characteristic of goodies Tolstoy. Pierreis experiencing a mental crisis: this is a strong dissatisfaction with oneself and the associated desire to change one’s life, to build it on good principles.
Pierre's arrival to Freemasonry became important event, because this will help find a way out for his internal tossing. He “thought and thought and thought and thought,” the author reports. But the more he thought, the “darker, more confusing and more hopeless the past, future and, most importantly, the present seemed to him.”
During such reflections, when Pierre was immersed “in the highest mentality that a person can achieve,” at that moment he entered the room stranger. It was the old Mason Bazdeev, who came to Pierre to convert him. He immediately began a conversation about Freemasonry and offered to introduce Pierre to the “brotherhood of free masons,” where he would find peace. In the penetrating gaze of the freemason, Pierre “felt hope and reassurance.” A week later, Bezukhov’s reception was scheduled “at the St. Petersburg Northern Lights Lodge.” Pierre was accepted into the lodge in compliance with all rituals. New life instilled new strength in Pierre, and after initiation into the Freemasons he was “cheerful and restrained, as if making fun of the whole world, knowing the truth.”
Was Pierre's meeting with the freemason Bazdeev by chance?
Watching an episode from a feature film or retelling the episode “Pierre's Entry into Freemasonry.”
For what purpose does Pierre join the Masonic Society?
Pierre finds the meaning of life in the philosophy of moral self-improvement as a means of eliminating evil in oneself and the world. Why does Pierre, being an atheist and considering religion “unfair,” join the Masonic society? Because I was attracted by the formulation of the goals of this society: by purifying and correcting the heart and mind of individual members of society, thereby correcting human race and “confront the evil that reigns in the world.” And he sincerely accepted the new teaching and believed in it. Pierre perceived Freemasonry not as a religious sect with its external ritualism, but as “the best single expression of the best, eternal sides of humanity.” This decision gave him for a time the illusion of a way out of the impasse caused by the feeling of the purposelessness of existence. It opened the way for him to the activity for which he yearned. He had so many doubts and hesitations that he reached out to those who had faith and conviction in something: “Pierre, with a sinking heart... experienced a joyful feeling of calm, renewal and return to life.” So, the desire to find something stable, a goal in life for himself, leads Pierre to Freemasonry.
What was most dear to Pierre in Masonic teaching?
“...With all our might, resist the evil that reigns in the world.”
What caused Pierre to doubt?
The ritual side of Freemasonry. - How did Pierre feel when he was accepted into the Masons? - “Where am I, what am I doing? Are they laughing at me? Will I be ashamed to remember this? Pierre has a sense of truth. He talked about his love for Helen and at the same time felt something false, unclean, which pushed him away from this woman. He accepted Freemasonry, but already upon initiation into the Freemasons, doubt arose in him about the truth and necessity of what he was doing.
Who did Pierre see among the Masons?
Those whom he knew from St. Petersburg society and who never aroused his sympathy.
What does Pierre Bezukhov do after joining Freemasonry?
“A week later, Pierre, having said goodbye to his new friends, the Freemasons, and left them large amounts for alms, went to his estate. His new friends gave him letters to Kyiv and Odessa, to the Freemasons there, and promised to write to him and guide him in his new activity»
Tell us what specific steps Pierre Bezukhov took to confirm the moral calls of the Freemasons with practical deeds?
“Pierre unwittingly became the head of St. Petersburg Freemasonry. He set up lodges, recruited new members, took care of uniting various lodges... He gave his money for the construction of churches and replenished, as far as he could, alms collections, for which most members were stingy and careless. He almost alone, at his own expense, supported the home of the poor, established by the order in St. Petersburg...”, Tolstoy narrates.
Pierre, after the Masons revealed the truth to him, decides that he must confront the evil that reigns in the world. He strives to “immediately” take “measures for the complete liberation of the peasants from serfdom.”
How does Tolstoy explain Pierre's failure to alleviate the situation of the peasants?
“Pierre did not have that practical tenacity that would give him the opportunity to directly get down to business, so he did not like him and only tried to pretend to the manager that he was busy with business.”
Did the peasants on Pierre's estates really become happy?
Tell us how the life of the peasants changed as a result of Pierre’s “activities”.
The situation of the peasants not only did not improve, but in some respects worsened; in any case, “the peasants continued to give with work and money everything that they give from others, that is, everything that they can give.”
Did Pierre realize that he had failed?
No, he returned from his “journey” “in the happiest state of mind.” This is the only time in Pierre's life when he did not feel the falsehood of his position.
With Andrei Bolkonsky.
What change in Prince Andrei struck Pierre?
“The words were affectionate, a smile was on the lips and face of Prince Andrei, but his gaze was extinguished, dead.” If we look closely at the development of Prince Andrei and Pierre, we will notice that the development of one, with some delay, duplicates the development of the other. Both pass in different time the same circles of hell
How did Prince Andrei react to Pierre’s thoughts about improving the lives of the peasants?
He refutes them. It now seems to Prince Andrei that simply existing, without tormenting himself with questions, is easier, better than thinking about the meaning of life, and he envies the man living an animal life. Why do people need schools? To physical torment they will add moral torment. - Well, Prince Andrei is against the liberation of the peasants? - No, he is for the liberation of the peasants, but not for them, but for... the nobles, who, being “raised in... the traditions of unlimited power , become cruel, rude,” become more and more “unhappier and unhappier.” It is interesting that Prince Andrei’s gaze “became more animated the more hopeless his judgments were.”
Arguing with Pierre, with his conviction of the need to serve his neighbor, Prince Andrei becomes animated, focusing on this issue, and in some way internally agrees with Pierre.
What significance did this meeting with Pierre have for Prince Andrei?
“The meeting with Pierre was for Prince Andrei the era from which his new life began.
Reading an excerpt from chapter XII of the second part - “Pierre and Andrey on the ferry.”
Look how Tolstoy draws the influence of nature on Prince Andrei. - “Ferry! has long been stuck, and only waves of current with a weak sound! hit the bottom of the ferry. It seemed to Prince Andrei that this rinsing of the waves was saying to Pierre’s words: “True, believe it.” And how did Prince Andrei’s face change? - “Prince Andrey sighed and radiantly,children's looked with a gentle gaze into... Pierre’s face.” - The theme of a bright and pure childhood almost automatically evokes the theme of the sky in Tolstoy. Prince Andrei, “coming off the ferry,... looked at the sky,... and for the first time after Austerlitz he saw that high, eternal sky that he had seen while lying on the Field of Austerlitz, and something that had long fallen asleep, something better “What was in him suddenly woke up joyfully and youthfully in his soul.” Prince Andrei could not remain passive for long. This is a typical Tolstoy positive character, always making mistakes and searching
Pierre manages to convince Prince Andrei that although lies reign on earth, they are transitory, and the truth is eternal. The world of truth, goodness and justice, the vast world of higher humanity becomes the world of Pierre and Prince Andrei. Their search for reason and the difficult experience of life led them to this world.
What feeling did Pierre begin to experience after a year of his participation in the Masonic lodge?
Previously, “he experienced the feeling of a person trustingly placing his foot on the flat surface of a swamp.” But “having put his foot down, he failed. To be completely sure of the solidity of the soil on which he stood, he put his other foot down and sank even further, got stuck and involuntarily walked knee-deep in the swamp.” Freemasonry turned out to be a dirty swamp. We saw that Pierre immediately noticed something false in Freemasonry. Now, as is typical for both Pierre and Andrey, the mind “caught up” with the initial sensations. The feeling did not deceive.
What pushed Pierre away from the Freemasons?
Pierre is convinced that many Masons entered the society in order to acquire connections with strong and wealthy people, of whom there were many. “From under the Masonic aprons and signs, he saw on them the uniforms and crosses that they sought in life.” Pierre saw that many representatives high society who had no less wealth than he, and who had taken a Masonic oath to give all their property for their neighbor, shied away from giving even a penny alms, and doubts began to creep into his soul. “In the midst of his studies and hobbies, Pierre, however, after a year began to feel how the ground of Freemasonry on which he stood was increasingly slipping away from under his feet, the more firmly he tried to stand on it.” Pierre began to feel dissatisfied with his activities. He did not doubt Freemasonry, but suspected that “Russian Freemasonry had taken the wrong path and deviated from its source.”
Did he try to influence the Masons?
To understand everything, he goes abroad. There he gains the trust of many high-ranking officials, penetrates into many secrets, and is elevated to highest degree, and brings the order’s plan to Russia. This entire plan was based on “to form strong, virtuous people, bound by the unity of conviction, which consists in persecuting vice and stupidity everywhere and with all their might and patronizing talents and virtue.” In St. Petersburg, he spoke to the “brothers”, spoke for a long time, but his speech made not so much a strong impression as excitement and was received coldly. His proposals were not accepted
And Pierre felt that he was not on the same path with the Freemasons. “The melancholy that he was so afraid of came over Pierre again.”
5. The teacher's word.
Today in Europe, America, Asia there is big number Masonic lodges A significant part of them are united in an international organization. But there is no unity in the ranks of the Freemasons. The Masons themselves deny their connection with politics less and less, but, as before, they consider humanistic ideals and ensuring human rights to be the main ones. Several Masonic lodges operate legally in Russia. One of them - the "Grand Lodge of Russia" - has its own official website on the Internet. Great master, a certain Gregory D., in his address to readers of the site, reports that his lodge avoids getting involved in politics. When asked whether among modern Masons famous people from the world of business and politics, answers: “I believe they can.” What will Freemasonry be like in the future? Will it be an influential force or will it attract people with its involvement in ancient secrets and mysterious rituals? The future will provide answers to these questions.
IV . Information about homework.
1. Social activity Bolkonsky.
What does Prince Andrey do after Austerlitz?
Dispute with Pierre in Bogucharovo.
The role of nature in the life of the prince.
What brought Bolkonsky to life?
2. Report about Speransky.
V . Summarizing.
VI . Reflection.
1. How did Tolstoy show the importance of the common collective principle in the military life of soldiers?
2. Why was there confusion and disorder in the movement of the Russian army?
3. Why Tolstoy described in detail foggy morning?
4. How did the image of Napoleon develop (details), who looked after the Russian army?
5. What does Prince Andrey dream of?
6. Why did Kutuzov sharply answer the emperor?
7. How does Kutuzov behave during the battle?
8. Can Bolkonsky’s behavior be considered a feat?
Volume 2
1. What attracted Pierre to Freemasonry?
2. What underlies the fears of Pierre and Prince Andrei?
3. Analysis of the trip to Bogucharovo.
4. Analysis of the trip to Otradnoye.
5. For what purpose does Tolstoy give the ball (name day) scene? Did Natasha remain “ugly, but alive”?
6. Natasha's dance. A property of nature that delighted the author.
7. Why did Natasha become interested in Anatole?
8. What is the basis of Anatole’s friendship with Dolokhov?
9. How does the author feel about Natasha after betraying Bolkonsky?
Volume 3
1. Tolstoy’s assessment of the role of personality in history.
2. How does Tolstoy reveal his attitude towards Napoleonism?
3. Why is Pierre dissatisfied with himself?
4. Analysis of the episode “retreat from Smolensk”. Why do the soldiers call Andrei “our prince”?
5. Bogucharovsky revolt (analysis). What is the purpose of the episode? How is Nikolai Rostov shown?
6. How to understand Kutuzov’s words “your road, Andrey, is the road of honor”?
7. How to understand Andrei’s words about Kutuzov “he is Russian, despite the French sayings”?
8. Why is Shengraben given through the eyes of Rostov, Austerlitz - Bolkonsky, Borodino - Pierre?
9. How to understand Andrei’s words “as long as Russia is healthy, anyone could serve it”?
10. How does the scene with the portrait of his son characterize Napoleon: “The chess is set, the game will begin tomorrow”?
11. Raevsky’s battery is an important episode of Borodin. Why?
12. Why does Tolstoy compare Napoleon to darkness? Does the author see the mind of Napoleon, the wisdom of Kutuzov, positive traits heroes?
13. Why did Tolstoy depict the council in Fili through the perception of a six-year-old girl?
14. Departure of residents from Moscow. What is the general mood?
15. Scene of a meeting with the dying Bolkonsky. How is the connection between the fates of the novel’s heroes and the fate of Russia emphasized?
Volume 4
1. Why did the meeting with Platon Karataev return Pierre’s sense of the beauty of the world? Analysis of the meeting.
2. How did the author explain the meaning of guerrilla warfare?
3. What is the significance of the image of Tikhon Shcherbatov?
4. What thoughts and feelings does the death of Petya Rostov give rise to in the reader?
5. What does Tolstoy see as the main significance of the War of 1812 and what is the role of Kutuzov in it according to Tolstoy?
6. Determine the ideological and compositional meaning of the meeting between Pierre and Natasha. Could there have been a different ending?
Epilogue
1. What conclusions does the author come to?
2. What are Pierre's true interests?
3. What underlies Nikolenka’s relationship with Pierre and Nikolai Rostov?
4. Analysis of Nikolai Bolkonsky's sleep.
5. Why does the novel end with this scene?
his origin and his portrait? (vol. 1 part. 1 chapter. 2)
2) How does Pierre relate to society and does it relate to Pierre? Why?
3) What do Pierre’s statements about french revolution and Napoleon? (vol. 1 part 1 ch. 1-6)
Method of penetration into psychology actor work of art is an internal monologue-reflection, internal (“to oneself”) speech, reasoning of the character. One thought causes another; each, in turn, generates a chain reaction of considerations, conclusions, and new questions. The “discoveries” that the heroes make are steps in the process of their spiritual development.
Upon admission to Freemasonry, guarantees are required from the new entrant. Anyone wishing to become a Freemason must obtain the recommendation of one of the members of the lodge into which he wishes to be admitted. Then, on the appointed day and hour, the guarantor, blindfolding the layman, leads him into the lodge for the rite of initiation into the first Masonic degree of the student.”
“A week later, Pierre, having said goodbye to his new friends, the Freemasons, and leaving them large sums of alms, left for his estate. His new friends gave him letters to Kyiv and Odessa, to the Freemasons there, and promised to write to him and guide him in his new activities” (chapter 5).
What specific steps did Pierre Bezukhov take to confirm the moral calls of the Freemasons with practical deeds? Later, Pierre saw that under the pretty guise of the saints there was not at all what the brothers in stone-making were trying to demonstrate. Tolstoy writes: “From under the Masonic aprons and signs, he saw on them the uniforms and crosses that they sought in life.” Pierre saw that many representatives of high society, who had no less wealth than he, and who had taken the Masonic oath to give all their property for their neighbors, shied away from giving even a penny alms, and doubts began to creep into his soul.
Today in Europe, America, and Asia there are a large number of Masonic lodges. A significant part of them are united in an international organization. But there is no unity in the ranks of the Freemasons. The Masons themselves deny their connection with politics less and less, but, as before, they consider humanistic ideals and ensuring human rights to be the main ones. Several Masonic lodges operate legally in Russia. One of them, the “Grand Lodge of Russia,” has its own official website on the Internet. The Grand Master, a certain Gregory D., in his address to the readers of the site reports that his lodge avoids getting involved in politics. When asked whether among modern Masons there are famous people from the world of business and politics, he answers: “I believe that there may be.”
What will Freemasonry be like in the future? Will it be an influential force or will it attract people with its involvement in ancient secrets and mysterious rituals? The future will provide answers to these questions.
Did you like the essay? Bookmark the site, it will come in handy - "Pierre and the Freemasons in L. N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"
A method of penetrating into the psychology of a character in a work of art is an internal monologue-reflection, internal (“to oneself”) speech, reasoning of the character. One thought causes another; each, in turn, generates a chain reaction of considerations, conclusions, and new questions. The “discoveries” that the heroes make are steps in the process of their spiritual development.
Upon admission to Freemasonry, guarantees are required from the new entrant. Anyone wishing to become a Freemason must obtain the recommendation of one of the members of the lodge into which he wishes to be admitted. Then, on the appointed day and hour, the guarantor, blindfolding the layman, leads him into the lodge for the rite of initiation into the first Masonic degree of the student.”
“A week later, Pierre, having said goodbye to his new friends, the Freemasons, and leaving them large sums of alms, left for his estate. His new friends gave him letters to Kyiv and Odessa, to the Freemasons there, and promised to write to him and guide him in his new activities” (chapter 5).
What specific steps did Pierre Bezukhov take to confirm the moral calls of the Freemasons with practical deeds? Later, Pierre saw that under the pretty guise of the saints there was not at all what the brothers in stone-making were trying to demonstrate. Tolstoy writes: “From under the Masonic aprons and signs, he saw on them the uniforms and crosses that they sought in life.” Pierre saw that many representatives of high society, who had no less wealth than he, and who had taken the Masonic oath to give all their property for their neighbors, shied away from giving even a penny alms, and doubts began to creep into his soul.
Today in Europe, America, and Asia there are a large number of Masonic lodges. A significant part of them are united in an international organization. But there is no unity in the ranks of the Freemasons. The Masons themselves deny their connection with politics less and less, but, as before, they consider humanistic ideals and ensuring human rights to be the main ones. Several Masonic lodges operate legally in Russia. One of them, the “Grand Lodge of Russia,” has its own official website on the Internet. The Grand Master, a certain Gregory D., in his address to the readers of the site reports that his lodge avoids getting involved in politics. When asked whether among modern Masons there are famous people from the world of business and politics, he answers: “I believe that there may be.”
What will Freemasonry be like in the future? Will it be an influential force or will it attract people with its involvement in ancient secrets and mysterious rituals? The future will provide answers to these questions.
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