Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" was completed in 1862. In this work, the writer touched upon deep political, philosophical and aesthetic problems, captured real life conflicts, and revealed the essence of the ideological struggle between the main social forces in Russia in the early 60s of the 19th century. The central figure of the novel is the commoner democrat Yevgeny Bazarov.
At the first meeting of Bazarov with the rest of the heroes of the novel, the author presents us with the appearance of a young man. The hero’s clothes, manners and behavior indicate his belonging to to the common people, and that he is proud of this, and does not intend to comply with the rules of etiquette of the aristocratic nobility. This is a man of firm and uncompromising convictions, a man of action. Bazarov is a nihilist. He is an experimenter, passionate about science and medicine, and works tirelessly. Bazarov is dismissive of art and human feelings: “Raphael is not worth a penny.” does not recognize the beauty of nature: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” The hero does not believe in love, denies its existence, claims that this is all “romanticism” or “nonsense.” He believes that there is no love, but only physiology or “the needs of the body.”
Before meeting Odintsova, Bazarov is a man of sober and deep intelligence, confident in his abilities, proud and purposeful. He defends the ideas of nihilism, argued with Pavel Petrovich, admitting that the main task of the nihilists is to destroy everything old in order to “clear the place,” and building is not their business. Having the ability to influence other people, he suppresses them with his knowledge, logic and will.
But as soon as Bazarov’s relationship with Odintsova begins to develop, the author shows how the hero changes. At first, Odintsova was attracted to Bazarov only externally, as he puts it “physiologically”: “What kind of figure is this? She doesn’t look like other women,” “she has such shoulders as I haven’t seen for a long time.” But as their close communication progresses, Bazarov can no longer maintain his usual restraint and self-control, and is completely immersed in thoughts about Anna Sergeevna. Odintsova herself tried to choose topics for conversations that were interesting to Bazarov, and supported them, which could not but influence the relationship between the characters. The author speaks about the changes that took place in the hero as follows: “In Bazarov, whom Anna Sergeevna obviously favored, although she rarely agreed with him, an unprecedented anxiety began to appear: he was easily irritated, spoke reluctantly, looked angry, and could not sit still, as if Something was bothering him."
For Bazarov himself, love for Odintsova became a serious test of his loyalty to nihilistic ideals. He deeply experienced what he himself rejected: “in conversations with Anna Sergeevna, more and more than before, he expressed his indifferent contempt for everything romantic, and when left alone, he was indignantly aware of the romanticism in himself.” Having challenged Bazarov to be frank, Odintsova rejected his love. She liked him: “He struck Odintsova’s imagination: he occupied her, she thought a lot about him.” But her usual way of life and comfort were more valuable to her than her fleeting passion for Yevgeny Bazarov.
Unhappy love leads Bazarov to a severe mental crisis. The beliefs of nihilism conflict with his human essence. At this moment, the hero no longer sees the goal, the meaning of living. He goes to his parents because of idleness, and in order to distract himself, he begins to help his father in his medical practice. An accidental infection with typhus led to the death of his body, but not his soul; the soul in him had long since died, unable to pass the test of love.
Thus, Turgenev showed the inconsistency of Bazarov’s position. In his novel he debunks the theory of nihilism. Human nature is meant to love, admire, feel, live life to the fullest. By denying all this, a person dooms himself to death. We see this in the example of the fate of Yevgeny Bazarov.
The work on behalf of the student was carried out by Vasina N.Yu. Did Evgeny Bazarov pass the test of love?
Hypothesis If a person has been spinning for a long time in a sphere that is alien to himself, he will always plop down into his own element. For even flying fish can stay in the air for a while, but soon they must splash into the water.
Progress of the research In order to find out whether Bazarov passed the test of love, we: Studied the text of the novel Studied the biography of I.S. Turgenev Watched fragments of the film Played portraits (the favorite game of I.S. Turgenev and his beloved P. Viardot)? Summarized and made conclusions
Love is a favorite theme of writers. “Love, love, the legend says, Union of the soul with the dear soul.” Let's try to find out what we know about this most mysterious and contradictory feeling and why Bazarov did not pass the test of love.
Bazarov before meeting Odintsova Before meeting Odintsova, Bazarov, a man of deep intelligence, clear views and strong will, believed that love did not exist. “Bazarov was a great hunter of women and female beauty, but love in the ideal sense, or, as he expressed himself romantically, called it nonsense, unforgivable foolishness, considered chivalrous feelings to be something like deformity or disease.”
Odintsova before meeting Bazarov Anna Sergeevna Odintsova’s father, “the famous handsome man, swindler and gambler” Sergei Nikolaevich Loktev, died when she was twenty years old, and her sister was twelve. The girls lost their mother even earlier. Anna Sergeevna “had already come to terms with the idea of getting stuck in the wilderness,” but “a certain Odintsov, a very rich man of forty-six years old, saw her by chance... fell in love and offered his hand.” They lived together for six years, and, dying, he left her his fortune. After the death of her husband, Anna Sergeevna, despite the brilliant education she received in St. Petersburg, settled on the estate with her sister. The village way of life fully corresponded to her calm character. Sleeping, cold heart (A. Odintsova)?
From the very beginning, there is little in common between Bazarov and Odintsova. Meeting of Bazarov and Odintsova
In the duel between Bazarov and Odintsova, the nihilist Bazarov is defeated. He was a man from a world alien to her. She was scared of his love and was not ready to go with him, they are too different. He is defeated, but how much stronger and deeper in heart he looks in this story. Lyubov Bazarova and Odintsova
The test of love becomes a milestone for Bazarov. Only love reveals in him a deep, significant, unusually powerful person in emotional experience, self-burning in his feelings and at the same time becoming even stronger. How much suffering he experiences during his last meeting. He still loves her, but does not expect mercy.
“Love not only reveals many things in Bazarov. At the same time, she brings him face to face with the world and opens this world to him. But Bazarov dies, but no longer renewed. Bazarov's rebellious heart was reconciled with what is eternal: With love and death.
Using methods: research; comparative analysis method; constructive method; we came to the conclusion:
Conclusion: The love story of Bazarov for Odintsova plays an important role in the novel by I.S. Turgenev A. It allows you to show the character of the main character in development: under the influence of a strong feeling, his views on human nature and eternal values change. The rebellious heart of the nihilist Bazarov has come to terms with what is eternal: Nature, Poetry, Love.
Each person is guided not only by what his mind tells him, but also by what his heart tells him. Some believe more in feelings, others - in reason. A striking example The second type of people is (it is better not to use this official business verb in an essay) the hero of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” Evgeniy Vasilyevich Bazarov.
Bazarov is a representative of the democratic part of Russian society in the 60s of the 19th century. At this time, contradictions between revolutionary-minded democrats and nobles were intensifying in Russia. The task of I. S. Turgenev is to most truthfully and naturally recreate the images of both. Main problem The novel is certainly a conflict between two generations. Characteristics of the new generation are embodied in the image of Bazarov. The hero's views have already been formed, and he acts in accordance with his principles, which play main role in his life. Bazarov is a nihilist, that is, a person who “does not bow to any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith.” Indeed, the hero is always true to himself and has his own point of view on every issue, including the issue of love (an unfortunate combination, it is better to write “including about love”).
This feeling is usually little controlled by the mind, yet Bazarov is firmly convinced that love can only be considered from the point of view of simple physiology: there are no “mysterious relationships between a man and a woman”, there are no “mysterious views” based on anatomy human eye(grammatical error: a view cannot exist from something). He does not believe in love, denies it, considers it “romanticism, nonsense, gilly and art.” The hero believes that a woman should be treated simply: if you can get some sense, don’t back down, if not, then leave everything as it is. At the same time, Bazarov is a “hunter of women,” which is confirmed by his relationship with Fenechka. This is just a light flirtation, a meaningless hobby, a fleeting love affair. The hero is always ready for such entertainment; they amuse him, but never touch his soul. This suits Evgeny Vasilyevich quite well.
However, Bazarov treats women very cynically (a factual error associated, apparently, with an inaccurate understanding of the meaning of the word “cynical”), which sometimes even offends or puzzles those around him, but this does not bother the hero very much. Why is Bazarov so dismissive, categorical and always looks down on women? Perhaps he was dealing with completely undeveloped, far from graceful women (speech error: a woman’s grace refers to her appearance and is in no way connected with its development), and therefore, unable to greatly interest him.
What test does fate subject the hero to? A woman with a flexible mind and strong character appears on the path of a free-thinking nihilist. Anna Sergeevna Odintsova received many lessons from life, learned the severity of people’s rumors and yet managed to come out of the fight with society with dignity and lead a quiet existence that completely satisfied her.
In my opinion, from the very beginning these people were incompatible. Two such strong, extraordinary personalities would always try to get the better of each other. And yet, at first, feelings overcame reason.
Bazarov has changed. He began to get nervous in the presence of Anna Sergeevna: “He slowly ran his long fingers over his sideburns, and his eyes ran to the corners.” The hero began to talk less with Arkady, and in general he began to experience a feeling of “newness”, the cause of which was a feeling that tormented and enraged the hero. However, he did not want to admit that he was in love. And could he, given his principles?
And yet, at first, the heart spoke louder than the theory. Preaching the principle of turning away from a woman if it becomes obvious that you won’t get anywhere with her, Bazarov could not turn away from Odintsova. Without recognizing anything romantic, Eugene discovered the romantic in himself and caught himself with “shameful” thoughts. The nihilistic theory was overthrown, it slowly began to crack and eventually shattered into pieces that could not be assembled (stylistic error: false beauty associated with an unsuccessful, unmotivated metaphor). Until recently, Bazarov grinned at (grammatical error: you can mock someone) Pavel Petrovich, who devoted his whole life to tragic and unrequited love, and now the hour is uneven (speech error: the phrase means “what if”, “you never know what can happen” and meaning is not appropriate in this context) all the emotions and feelings (speech error: emotions and feelings are the same thing) of the hero, which have been tearing him apart for so long, spill out: “So know that I love you, stupidly, madly... Here what have you achieved?
What did the collapse of principles lead to? Fortunately? To a change in worldview? No! After all, Odintsova did not truly love Bazarov. Yes, she thought about him, his appearance immediately revived her, she willingly talked to him. Moreover, Anna Sergeevna did not want him to leave, to some extent she missed him. And yet it was not love.
Seeing Bazarov’s state after his declaration of love, she felt “both scared and sorry for him” (grammatical error: participial phrase must refer to the same character as the predicate, and actor cannot be in this impersonal sentence). And finally, at the very end of the novel, the heroine admits to herself that she would not have felt the same way when she saw the sick Yevgeny Vasilyevich if she really loved him. But Bazarov’s death may also be connected with failed love.
I sincerely feel sorry for Bazarov, but, on the other hand, I respect Odintsova for her sincerity and strength of character, because I believe that if she was capable of love, then only such a strong and smart person like Bazarov. But it probably wouldn't make her happy. Having realized this in time, she saved herself from unnecessary suffering. (The author deviates from the topic.) But Bazarov could not realize this (it’s not clear - what?), he could not see that because of his feelings, which were much more serious and deeper than Odintsova’s feelings, he would sooner or later become dependent on a woman and would have to give up everything he believes in. But he probably couldn’t stand this.
Thus, Bazarov’s theory is refuted. Love exists, it can make a person suffer, you can devote your life to it. Probably, Bazarov lived too long without retreating a single step from his principles, and one day he was bound to be disappointed in some of them. But the disappointment was too severe.
Disappointment in love - often found in Russian classical literature motive. It was tested by Chatsky and Onegin, Pechorin and Andrei Bolkonsky. But none of them had to struggle not only with circumstances, but also with themselves, and in this struggle the strength of the personality of Turgenev’s hero emerges all the more clearly.
---
Basically, the topic of the essay is revealed. It would be better to write more about the relationships between the characters. Speech errors and the shortcomings of the content are few. Rating: “good”.
In “Fathers and Sons,” Turgenev applied the method of revealing the character of the main character, already worked out in previous stories (“Faust” 1856, “Asya” 1857) and novels. First, the author depicts the ideological beliefs and complex spiritual and mental life of the hero, for which he includes conversations or disputes between ideological opponents in the work, then he creates a love situation, and the hero undergoes a “test of love,” which N.G. Chernyshevsky called “a Russian man on a rendez- vous." That is, Turgenev places the hero, who has already demonstrated the significance of his character and ideas, in life circumstances that require character and the application of ideas in practice - to overcome specific life obstacles. At the same time, in none of Turgenev’s works are the circumstances of the “test of love” repeated.
So, Dmitry Rudin in novel of the same name(1855) fell in love with a wonderful girl, Natalya Lasunskaya. She is the first to confess her love, and then Rudin, who is in love himself, retreats. He is not sure that he can arrange a decent life for Natalya, he is afraid to take responsibility for her fate, so he advises her to submit to the will of her aristocratic mother, who will never agree to the marriage of her daughter and the poor philosopher Rudin. “Submit! So this is how you apply in practice your interpretations about freedom, about sacrifices...” (IX), Natalya sums up Rudin’s lofty calls. Scene last explanation near an abandoned pond proves the failure in life of Rudin, an excellent speaker and an insecure person, helpless in real circumstances.
Fyodor Lavretsky in the novel “ Noble nest"(1858) is depicted as a mature man, who has seen a lot (Russia and France, capitals and provinces), changed his mind a lot (ideas of Westerners and Slavophiles, relations between the nobility and the people), experienced a lot (love for his wife and her betrayal). Lavretsky meets Lisa Kalitina, who is distinguished by her extraordinary spiritual and moral sensitivity. At first he falls hopelessly in love with Lisa, and after the news of his wife’s death he begins to dream of personal happiness. But the sudden arrival of his wife (the news of her death turned out to be false) shatters all his hopes. The hero does not try to do anything in the current situation, he immediately comes to terms with his tragic fate, as evidenced by the last farewell date of the main characters (ХLII). Lisa goes to a monastery, and Lavretsky remains a lonely, restless person.
The main character of the novel “On the Eve” (1859) is a poor student at Moscow University, a Bulgarian by nationality, Dmitry Insarov, a man with a strong character, purposeful, inspired by the great idea of the fight for the freedom of his homeland. This hero opposes “rodents, Hamletics, Samoyeds” - Russian noble intellectuals, heroes of Turgenev’s first novels. A young noblewoman, Elena Stakhova, falls in love with Insarov, captivated by the heroic personality of the Bulgarian, his passionate love and at the same time proud modesty, self-confidence (which was not the case in Lavretsky), and lack of posturing (which Rudin was guilty of). In the scene of the declaration of love, Insarov declares that he cannot give up the main goal of his life - the fight for the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke, but Elena, approving of this high and noble goal, is ready to share with him all the difficulties of the dangerous heroic struggle (XVIII). This is how Insarov and Elena find happiness without opposing their love to another important goal - the fight for the freedom of Bulgaria.
So, the main characters of the reviewed novels by Turgenev, except for the Bulgarian patriot Insarov, did not pass the “test of love”. What can be said about Bazarov in this regard?
Before meeting Odintsova, Bazarov had little understanding of what love was. Having heard from Arkady the story of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R., the young nihilist sarcastically asks: “And what is this mysterious relationship between a man and a woman? We physiologists know what this relationship is. (...) This is all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art” (VII). In other words, in love he assumes pure physiology, and denies spiritual closeness, the heartfelt attraction of lovers to each other. So far he is only attracted to women external beauty. Having met Fenechka in the garden, he immediately asks Arkady: “Who is this? How pretty!” (IX); Having heard from Sitnikov about Kukshina’s emancipation, he clarifies: “Is she pretty?” (XII); Having noticed the beautiful Odintsova at the ball, he sums up his impression: “Whoever she is - just a provincial lioness, or an “emancipe” like Kukshina, only she has such shoulders as I have not seen for a long time” (XIV).
But now, having lived for two weeks at Odintsova’s estate, he feels that he has fallen seriously in love, and now he appreciates not only the beautiful shoulders, but also strong character, tactful behavior, intelligence, care for his younger sister Katya, that is spiritual qualities Anna Sergeevna. He, contrary to his theoretical convictions, succumbed to that same romantic feeling of love, which he “called rubbish, unforgivable foolishness” (XVII). It is not easy for the proud, self-confident Bazarov to abandon his previous views on love, but the young nihilist did not long carry around his resentment towards life, which refuted his beliefs about love. “Ideal” (that is, spiritual) love exists, and Bazarov, without spending much time on romantic hesitations and fruitless yearnings (as the heroes in love did, previous works Turgenev), Odintsova declares his love. Thus, thanks to his determination, Bazarov adequately passed the first, but not the main, “test of love.”
He accomplishes everything he sets out to do. It seems that it is no coincidence that Arkady listens to the following reasoning from Bazarov: “... in my opinion, it is better to break stones on the pavement than to allow a woman to take possession of even the tip of a finger. (...) A man has no time to deal with such trifles” (XIX). After staying with Arkady for three days with his parents, Bazarov returns to Maryino, where he left “all his drugs” (XXI) and where he can continue his real work - research experiments - without interference. There, the young nihilist is trying to “get some sense” (XVII) from Fenechka, who was affectionate with him and seemed to him simple and undemanding in amorous matters. However, here too he was mistaken: the kiss in the gazebo offended Fenechka: “It’s a sin for you, Evgeny Vasilyevich,” she whispered as she left. Genuine reproach was heard in her whisper. Bazarov remembered another recent scene, and he felt ashamed and contemptuously annoyed” (XXIII).
To defeat his unhappy love, the hero needs not only personal determination, but also time, which, as we know, heals everything. But Turgenev does not give the young nihilist time: about a month after the explanation with Odintsova, Bazarov becomes infected with cadaveric poison and, after being ill for a week, dies. Only by understanding the circumstances of the hero’s illness can one decide whether Bazarov passed the “test of love” or not. If, during the autopsy of a typhoid corpse, the hero cut himself accidentally, then it is logical to assume that he could overcome the love for Anna Sergeevna in his soul, not “sour” for the rest of his life, like Pavel Petrovich, but would do more important matter, for which I prepared myself. Since he had the mental strength to resist a fatal illness, he would be able to overcome unhappy love over time.
But there are strange details in the circumstances of Bazarov’s infection. The hero cut himself, although he constantly dissected frogs and, therefore, maintained his surgical skills. Moreover, when district doctor there was no hellish stone, for some reason Bazarov did not use another saving remedy - he did not cauterize the cut with an iron. A suspicion arises that the hero deliberately became infected and chose to die so as not to be tormented by mental anguish due to unrequited love. Therefore, he did not pass the “test of love.”
So, in “Fathers and Sons” Turgenev used his favorite plot device - revealing the character of the hero (his moral and business qualities) through a love story. For literary heroes 30-40s of the 19th century - “ extra people“(Rudin and Lavretsky belong to this type of heroes) - “the science of tender passion” (A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, 1, VIII) constituted the main, if not the only, interest in life. For the heroes of the 60s - “new people” - in addition to love, and sometimes besides it, there are other tempting goals in life: social and entrepreneurial activity, science, artistic creativity etc. Contrary to these differences between former and modern heroes, Turgenev bows Bazarov, a staunch democrat, to “omnipotent love.” The writer even shows how a romantic feeling for the beautiful aristocrat Odintsova shook not only the hero’s views on love, but also his social and philosophical beliefs.
Bazarov has already doubted whether he should waste his energy on the peasants Philip or Sidor, who will someday live in white huts, and will not even remember Bazarov (XXI). He begins to think about death (“Every person hangs by a thread, an abyss can open up under him every minute...” - XIX), about the insignificance of man (“... the part of time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity, where I was not and will be..." - ibid.).
With all this, Turgenev understood the difference between “superfluous” and “new people”, therefore Bazarov, unlike Rudin and Lavretsky, is trying to adequately withstand the “test of love”, to defeat his romantic feelings, since they are unrequited. True, he tries unsuccessfully, perhaps because the writer gave the hero too little time. Thus, Bazarov, in comparison with Turgenev’s previous heroes, is presented as a more courageous, strong-willed person; in the newer version, he is equally tragically doomed, as is Insarov, although the latter certainly passed his “test of love.” This is how it manifested itself complicated attitude The author’s attitude towards the nihilist Bazarov is respect for his personal qualities and rejection of his social program.
- The disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich represent the social side of the conflict in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” Here, not just different views of representatives of two generations collide, but also two fundamentally different political points of view. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich find themselves on opposite sides of the barricades in accordance with all parameters. Bazarov is a commoner, coming from a poor family, forced to make his own way in life. Pavel Petrovich is a hereditary nobleman, guardian of family ties and [...]
- The image of Bazarov is contradictory and complex, he is torn by doubts, he experiences mental trauma, primarily due to the fact that he rejects the natural beginning. The theory of life of Bazarov, this extremely practical man, physician and nihilist, was very simple. There is no love in life - this is a physiological need, no beauty - this is just a combination of the properties of the body, no poetry - it is not needed. For Bazarov, there were no authorities; he convincingly proved his point of view until life convinced him otherwise. […]
- Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” presents us with many different heroes. He tells us about their lives, about the relationships between them. Already almost from the first pages of the novel, one can understand that of all the heroes and heroines, Natasha Rostova is the writer’s favorite heroine. Who is Natasha Rostova, when Marya Bolkonskaya asked Pierre Bezukhov to talk about Natasha, he replied: “I don’t know how to answer your question. I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, [...]
- The most prominent female figures in Turgenev's novel “Fathers and Sons” are Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, Fenechka and Kukshina. These three images are extremely different from each other, but nevertheless we will try to compare them. Turgenev was very respectful of women, which is perhaps why their images are described in detail and vividly in the novel. These ladies are united by their acquaintance with Bazarov. Each of them contributed to changing his worldview. The most significant role was played by Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. It was she who was destined [...]
- Every writer, when creating his work, be it a science fiction short story or a multi-volume novel, is responsible for the fate of the heroes. The author tries not only to talk about a person’s life, depicting its most striking moments, but also to show how the character of his hero was formed, under what conditions it developed, what features of the psychology and worldview of a particular character led to a happy or tragic ending. The ending of any work in which the author draws a peculiar line under a certain [...]
- Evgeny Bazarov Anna Odintsova Pavel Kirsanov Nikolay Kirsanov Appearance Long face, broad forehead, huge greenish eyes, nose, flat on top and pointed below. Long brown hair, sandy sideburns, a self-confident smile on her thin lips. Naked red arms Noble posture, slender figure, tall stature, beautiful sloping shoulders. Light eyes, shiny hair, a barely noticeable smile. 28 years old Average height, thoroughbred, about 45. Fashionable, youthfully slender and graceful. […]
- Duel test. Bazarov and his friend again drive along the same circle: Maryino - Nikolskoye - parental home. The situation outwardly almost literally reproduces that on the first visit. Arkady enjoys summer vacation and, barely finding an excuse, returns to Nikolskoye, to Katya. Bazarov continues his natural science experiments. True, this time the author expresses himself differently: “the fever of work came over him.” The new Bazarov abandoned intense ideological disputes with Pavel Petrovich. Only rarely does he throw enough [...]
- The novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” contains large number conflicts in general. These include a love conflict, a clash of worldviews between two generations, social conflict And internal conflict main character. Bazarov – main character of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is a surprisingly bright figure, a character in which the author intended to show the entire young generation of that time. We should not forget that this work is not just a description of the events of that time, but also deeply felt very real […]
- Bazarov E.V. Kirsanov P.P. Appearance A tall young man with long hair. The clothes are poor and untidy. Doesn't pay attention to his own appearance. A handsome middle-aged man. Aristocratic, “thoroughbred” appearance. He takes good care of himself, dresses fashionably and expensively. Origin Father – a military doctor, a simple, poor family. Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life and built a military career. Education A very educated person. […]
- Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" ends with the death of the main character. Why? Turgenev felt something new, saw new people, but could not imagine how they would act. Bazarov dies very young, without having time to begin any activity. With his death, he seems to atone for the one-sidedness of his views, which the author does not accept. Dying, the main character did not change either his sarcasm or his directness, but became softer, kinder, and speaks differently, even romantically, that […]
- The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. “...It was in the month of August 1860, when the first thought of “Fathers and Sons” came to my mind...” It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “peasant democracy […]
- Dear Anna Sergeevna! Let me address you personally and express my thoughts on paper, since saying some words out loud is an insurmountable problem for me. It is very difficult to understand me, but I hope that this letter will clarify my attitude towards you a little. Before I met you, I was an opponent of culture, moral values, and human feelings. But numerous life trials forced me to look differently at the world around me and reevaluate my life principles. For the first time I […]
- About ideological content Turgenev wrote in the novel “Fathers and Sons”: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class. Look at the faces of Nikolai Petrovich, Pavel Petrovich, Arkady. Sweetness and dullness or limitation. Aesthetic sense forced me to take precisely the good representatives of the nobility in order to prove my theme all the more accurately: if cream is bad, what about milk?.. They are the best of the nobles - and that is why I chose them to prove their inconsistency.” Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov […]
- Duel test. There is perhaps no more controversial and interesting scene in I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” than the duel between the nihilist Bazarov and the Anglomaniac (actually an English dandy) Pavel Kirsanov. The very fact of a duel between these two men is an odious phenomenon that cannot happen, because it can never happen! After all, a duel is a struggle between two people of equal origin. Bazarov and Kirsanov are people of different classes. They in no way belong to one, common layer. And if Bazarov frankly doesn’t give a damn about all these [...]
- Kirsanov N.P. Kirsanov P.P. Appearance A short man in his early forties. After a long-term broken leg, he walks with a limp. The facial features are pleasant, the expression is sad. Beautiful well-groomed man middle aged. He dresses smartly, in the English manner. Ease of movement reveals an athletic person. Marital status Widower for more than 10 years, was very happily married. There is a young mistress Fenechka. Two sons: Arkady and six-month-old Mitya. Bachelor. In the past he was successful with women. After […]
- Two mutually exclusive statements are possible: “Despite Bazarov’s external callousness and even rudeness in dealing with his parents, he loves them dearly” (G. Byaly) and “Isn’t that spiritual callousness that cannot be justified manifested in Bazarov’s attitude towards his parents.” However, in the dialogue between Bazarov and Arkady, the i’s are dotted: “So you see what kind of parents I have. The people are not strict. - Do you love them, Evgeny? - I love you, Arkady!” Here it is worth remembering both the scene of Bazarov’s death and his last conversation with [...]
- What exactly is the conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov? An eternal dispute between generations? Confrontation between supporters of different political views? A catastrophic discrepancy between progress and stability bordering on stagnation? Let us classify the disputes that later developed into a duel into one of the categories, and the plot will become flat and lose its edge. At the same time, Turgenev’s work, in which the problem was raised for the first time in history Russian literature, is still relevant. And today they demand change and [...]
- Inner world Bazarov and his external manifestations. Turgenev paints a detailed portrait of the hero upon his first appearance. But strange thing! The reader almost immediately forgets individual facial features and is hardly ready to describe them after two pages. The general outline remains in the memory - the author imagines the hero’s face as repulsively ugly, colorless in color and defiantly irregular in sculptural modeling. But he immediately separates the facial features from their captivating expression (“It was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and […]
- The relationship between Evgeny Bazarov and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, heroes of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" did not work out for many reasons. The materialist and nihilist Bazarov denies not only art, the beauty of nature, but also love as a human feeling. Recognizing the physiological relationship between a man and a woman, he believes that love “is all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art.” Therefore, he initially evaluates Odintsova only from the point of view of her external data. “Such a rich body! At least now to the anatomical theater,” […]
- The novel “Fathers and Sons” was created in an extremely difficult and conflictual period. The sixties of the nineteenth century saw several revolutions at once: the spread of materialist views, the democratization of society. The inability to return to the past and the uncertainty of the future became the cause of an ideological and value crisis. The positioning of this novel as “highly social,” characteristic of Soviet literary criticism, also influences today’s readers. Of course, this aspect must […]
Didn't like the essay?
We have 10 more similar essays.
“Fathers and Sons” is a novel about confrontation and mutual misunderstanding of two generations. Eternal theme. The very idea of the novel is always relevant, but the work is still written about people - Turgenev's contemporaries. It must be taken into account that the political situation in Russia has changed since then, and bazaars no longer exist (although there are similar types). But at that moment the main character was a living representative of the time. From this perspective, he is the only representative of the “children” in the novel.
Bazarov's character is complex and contradictory. His views undergo changes under the influence of various reasons. At the beginning of the novel, Bazarov is a convinced nihilist. He denies literally everything: the principles of liberals, English aristocracy, the logic of history, authorities, art. Having confronted his hero with serious life trials, the author forced him to give up a number of beliefs and come to skepticism and pessimism. But at first, before meeting Odintsova, Bazarov emerged victorious from all his clashes (with Pavel Petrovich, Nikolai Petrovich, Arkady). Even shortly before the historical meeting, Evgeny Bazarov is a man of sober and deep intelligence, confident in his abilities and in the work to which he devoted himself, proud, purposeful, with the ability to influence other people and even suppress them. What happened to him?
After meeting with Odintsova, changes slowly begin to brew in Bazarovo, generated by internal struggle. The hero at first covers up his nascent feeling with feigned swagger with careless - sometimes cynical - remarks about Odintsova.
Arrival at Odintsova’s estate is another step towards the downfall of Bazarov’s convictions. The hero begins to manifest feelings that were not previously characteristic of him. For example, shyness. He can no longer maintain his usual restraint and composure. Anxiety settles in him. Realizing that the feeling he denies and the “romanticism” that he so hates is awakening in him, he tries in every possible way to fight himself. He always considered love to be something like a disease. And then he became infected with this disease. He would have refused all this with contemptuous laughter and cynicism... And he could not. This depresses Bazarov. This makes him, when he confesses his feelings to Odintsova, call his feeling “stupid, crazy.” Odintsova was frightened by this heavy feeling and recoiled from Nazarov. For a proud man like him, this was enough to understand the truth without words.
No one is immune from defeat in love. But in this test, will, endurance, and stamina are tested. But where did Bazarov’s fortitude go? He gave in to failure in life, to something he didn’t believe in at all. Having fallen into the power of romance, which he never called anything other than “nonsense,” Bazarov begins to give up many of his beliefs and views. He is overcome by melancholy, despondency, and apathy. He's trying to be brave, there's something complicated going on inside him internal struggle. Melancholy forces the protagonist to take up science. He goes to the Kirsanov estate.
The author needed the sudden relationship between Bazarov and Fenechka as a reason for a duel with Pavel Petrovich. The challenge to a duel, like everything that Pavel Petrovich did, was full of pathos and eternal English aristocracy. The most amazing thing is that Bazarov accepted this challenge. Although it was easiest for him to refuse, because he always laughed at such customs, and he didn’t care how they looked at him. Bazarov himself compares the two duelists with “learned dogs” dancing on hind legs. And yet he accepts the challenge.
Bazarov wounds Pavel Petrovich, but at the same time behaves like a truly noble man. He takes care of the wounded man, forgetting both his beliefs and his hostility towards Pavel Petrovich. And this makes Bazarov attractive in the eyes of the reader. If you look at the duel as another test, then Bazarov passed it with honor, showing himself to be a brave and honest man.
And finally, the last test. Death. After failure with Odintsova, Bazarov returns to the estate to his parents (see essay). There he is overcome by gloomy thoughts about life, about the impossibility of happiness, about the futility of human activity. When Bazarov becomes infected and realizes that he will die, he comes to a very simple thought. This idea is that it is impossible to deny death, for it itself denies everything and everyone. It’s late, but still Bazarov manages to realize the falsity of many of his beliefs. Not only death cannot be denied, but also love, and traditions, and much more. The fact that Bazarov comes to such a conviction does not speak of weakness, but rather of strength of character. It can be difficult to admit your mistakes. Bazarov, in the face of death, still managed to do this. But with his stubbornness, such a step was very difficult.