Summary Prisoner of the Caucasus
An officer named Zhilin once served in the Caucasus. He received a letter from his elderly mother, in which she asked him to come and see the bride. The colonel did not object, but there was war everywhere in the Caucasus, so it was difficult to drive on the roads. As soon as the Russians were left alone, the Tatars took them prisoner. At first Zhilin rode alone, but then Kostylin joined him with a gun. It was somehow safer together. On the way they were attacked by the Tatars. Zhilin shouted to Kostylin to shoot, and he, frightened, began to run away. So Zhilin was captured and ended up in the village. They put shackles on him and locked him in a barn.
He didn't sleep the whole night, he was terribly thirsty. In the morning two Tatars came to see him, and Zhilin gestured to them that he was thirsty. One Tatar called his daughter Dina to bring water. Dina watched with curiosity how greedily he drank the water. Then all the visitors left, and after a while he was called to the house of a Tatar. There they ordered me to write a letter home asking for a ransom. They claimed that for three thousand coins they would send Zhilin home. But he knew that his mother did not have that kind of money, so he insisted on five hundred coins. At first they did not agree, then he said that if they killed him, they would get nothing at all. One of the Tatars even called him a horseman, that is, a brave fellow.
Soon Kostylin was brought in too. It turns out that he was also caught because the gun failed. The Tatars told Zhilin that his comrade had long ago written a letter home with a request to send as many as five thousand coins. To this Zhilin replied that since he is rich, let him write. Before writing his letter, he demanded that they be fed, given fresh clothes, shackles removed and placed in the same barn. He then wrote a letter, but the address was incorrect. They lived with the Tatars for a whole month. They were not fed well, but they were not abused. Kostylin was still waiting for the ransom, and Zhilin was thinking about escape. Sometimes he made dolls from clay. One day Dina, the daughter of a Tatar, saw one of these dolls and took it for herself. She dressed her in red rags and rocked her like a child.
When this doll broke, Zhilin made another one for Dina, and she brought him milk in gratitude. Soon she became attached to Zhilin and began bringing cheese cakes, milk, even pieces of meat. And when Zhilin repaired a watch for some Tatar, people in the village began to talk about him as a master. So Zhilin lived in the village for another month. In the evenings, he secretly dug into the barn to escape. One day the Tatars returned angry, one of them was killed. They commemorated them for three days, and then left again. Zhilin decided it was time to run. He barely persuaded Kostylin to run away with him. As soon as everything calmed down in the village, they crawled out of the barn, headed towards the forest and found the right path.
Soon Kostylin began to lag behind, and kept whining that his boots had rubbed his foot. Because of this, they were unable to run far. They were noticed by a Tatar driving through the forest, and they were brought back. This time they were put in deep hole instead of a barn. Zhilin still did not despair. One day he asked Dina to bring a long stick. That’s how he was able to get out of the hole, but Kostylin chose to stay there. Dina gave him some flatbread for the trip and began to cry as she parted with him. Although he could not remove the shackles from himself, he managed to move away from the village and move forward. When his strength ran out, he crawled to a field beyond which he knew there were Russians.
Most of all, he was afraid of being noticed. Before he had time to think about it, he saw that the Tatars were standing two acres away from him to the left. Seeing him, they rushed to catch up, but the Cossacks were already ahead. Zhilin waved with all his might and began to ask for help. Hearing him, the Cossacks immediately rushed to help, but the Tatars were scared and did not go further. This is how the Cossacks saved Zhilin. Having come to his senses, he told them about his adventures. In the end, Zhilin decided to stay to serve in the Caucasus, and decided to postpone marriage. The ransom for Kostylin came only a month later. He was brought in barely alive.
Officer Zhilin served in the Caucasus. He received a letter from his mother, and he decided to go home on vacation. But on the way he and another Russian officer Kostylin were captured by the Tatars. This happened due to Kostylin’s fault. He was supposed to cover Zhilin, but he saw the Tatars, got scared and ran away from them. Kostylin turned out to be a traitor. The Tatar who captured the Russian officers sold them to another Tatar. The prisoners were shackled and kept in the same barn.
The Tatars forced the officers to write letters to their relatives demanding a ransom. Kostylin obeyed, and Zhilin specially wrote a different address, because he knew: there was no one to buy him, Zhilin’s old mother lived very poorly. Zhilin and Kostylin sat in the barn for a whole month. The owner's daughter Dina became attached to Zhilin. She secretly brought him cakes and milk, and he made dolls for her. Zhilin began to think about how he and Kostylin could escape from captivity. Soon he began digging in the barn.
One night they ran away. When they entered the forest, Kostylin began to lag behind and whine - his boots had rubbed his feet. Because of Kostylin, they did not go far; they were noticed by a Tatar who was driving through the forest. He told the owners of the hostages, they took the dogs and quickly caught up with the prisoners. The shackles were put on them again and they were not removed even at night. Instead of a barn, the hostages were put in a hole five arshins deep. Zhilin still did not despair. I kept thinking about how he could escape. Dina saved him. At night she brought a long stick, lowered it into the hole, and Zhilin climbed up using it. But Kostylin stayed, didn’t want to run away: he was scared, and he didn’t have the strength.
Zhilin moved away from the village and tried to remove the block, but nothing worked. Dina gave him some flatbread for the journey and cried, saying goodbye to Zhilin. He was kind to the girl, and she became very attached to him. Zhilin went further and further, even though the block was very much in the way. When his strength ran out, he crawled and crawled to the field, beyond which there were already his own Russians. Zhilin was afraid that the Tatars would notice him when he crossed the field. Just thinking about it, look: to the left, on a hillock, two tithes away from it, three Tatars are standing. They saw Zhilin and rushed to him. And so his heart sank. Zhilin waved his hands and shouted at the top of his voice: “Brothers! Help out! Brothers! The Cossacks heard Zilina and rushed to intercept the Tatars. The Tatars got scared, and before reaching Zhilin they began to stop. This is how the Cossacks saved Zhilin. Zhilin told them about his adventures, and then said: “So I went home and got married! No, apparently it’s not my destiny.” Zhilin remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was bought out only a month later for five thousand. They brought him barely alive.
Summary of “Prisoner of the Caucasus” Option 2
- About the product
- Main characters
- Other characters
- Summary
- Conclusion
One of famous stories L. N. Tolstoy - "Prisoner of the Caucasus." Every teenager knows the summary of the work. At least he should know. After all, the story about an officer captured by highlanders has been included in the school curriculum for many decades.
Reviews from critics
Writers reacted very favorably to the story, which was published in 1872. One of the well-known critics at that time noted: the work was created in a special, new language. Among the advantages of "Prisoner of the Caucasus" is the simplicity of presentation. There is no unnecessary words and elaborate stylistic forms. Beauty artistic language L. N. Tolstoy summary The "prisoner of the Caucasus" will not be revealed. But I think it will encourage you to read the original.
History of creation
The title of the story is an allusion to Pushkin's poem. However, the story told by Tolstoy is different from the one composed by the earlier classic. In 1817, a war began between Russia and Muslim peoples. The story "Caucasian Prisoner" by L. N. Tolstoy, a brief summary of which is presented in the article, reflects the events of a significant period in national history. The writer himself served in the Caucasus. One day an incident happened to him that almost led to his capture.
In the Caucasus, Tolstoy had a Chechen friend named Sado. One day they were traveling together and along the way they met mountaineers who kidnapped people for a living. The Count could have escaped (he had an excellent horse), but did not. The travelers miraculously managed to avoid the fate of the prisoners. They did not die because the mountaineers tried to capture them alive. The main character of the story “Prisoner of the Caucasus” by L. N. Tolstoy had to endure a much more difficult test. A summary is given below.
Zhilin
L.N. Tolstoy, as well as summary any other literary work, you need to start with the characteristics of the main character. Famous critic was right. The story is written in extremely concise, simple language. Once upon a time there lived an officer. And his name was Zhilin. He served in the Caucasus.
One day Zhilin received a letter from his dying mother, in which the woman expressed a desire to see her beloved son before her death. All. There are no verbose arguments characteristic of a great writer here. The reader learns later about what Zhilin is, what qualities and virtues he has, after he is captured and miraculously gets out of it. The summary of "Prisoner of the Caucasus" by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, in fact, is stated above.
Even those who did not read the story guessed what misadventures awaited Zhilin. But it's not that simple. There is in the work both a noble poor officer and a wealthy but vile nobleman. There was also a place for relations between Russians and highlanders, the complexity of which has been discussed for two hundred years. So, Zhilin received a letter from his mother and went home. It was summer. From the fortress to the nearest station 25 versts. It is quite difficult to overcome the distance.
Firstly, the incredible heat. Secondly, there are Tatars everywhere (as all Muslims were called in those days). The mountaineers killed the Russians and captured them. A convoy accompanied by soldiers left the fortress twice a week. Zhilin also left the fortress under the same conditions. However, along the way, he decided to refuse escort. Colleague Kostylin, an officer, representative of a rich man, persuaded the main character to do this. noble family, who betrayed him.
In captivity
Zhilin and Kostylin rode on horseback for several hours. Main character walked forward a hundred meters to see if there were Tatars in the area. When the ubiquitous highlanders appeared, Kostylin rushed back to the fortress. And he was the only one who had a gun. Zhilin found himself completely unarmed when meeting with the Tatars. In addition, the bandits injured his horse. She fell on the officer, crushing him heavily with her weight.
When Zhilin came to his senses, he was already tightly bound by the Tatars. So Zhilin became a prisoner of the Caucasus. The next day he was given water, food and information about future fate. One highlander sold a Russian officer to another. Now the prisoner had to write a letter to his relatives so that they would ransom him. But Zhilin’s mother did not have the money that the mountaineers dreamed of. Later, the main character, as his “master” told him, nevertheless wrote a letter. However, the address provided was incorrect.
The escape
Kostylin, who betrayed Zhilin, was also captured. But he was rich, wrote a letter home and promised the mountaineers that he would soon give them five thousand coins. Zhilin understood that only escape would save him from death. At the same time, he was not afraid of the Tatars, for which, by the way, they respected him very much. In addition, he knew how to make strange things from clay, which attracted the attention of Tatar children.
Especially Dina, the daughter of Abdul - the same highlander who was expecting a ransom. Zhilin's first escape was unsuccessful. And again Kostylin was to blame for this - an awkward, cowardly man. Later, the Russian officer managed to escape thanks to Dina. The girl brought him a long stick, with the help of which he was able to get out of the hole.
Kostylin was soon redeemed from captivity. This is L.N. Tolstoy. But it’s worth adding a few words about the morals of the inhabitants of the village. How did the author depict them in his work?
Russian among the highlanders
Tolstoy does not portray the mountaineers as bloodthirsty bandits. Yes, for them killing a person is a simple matter, one might say, an everyday matter. But only when it comes to people of other faiths. And many residents of the village took a liking to Zhilin. Perfectly characterizes the attitude of the highlanders towards the Russians a little story about an old Tatar man who hated Russians.
This man in his youth was a brave horseman. He had a wife and seven children. But the Russians came and killed his wife and six children. The seventh son went over to the side of the enemy, for which he was killed by his father. The Muslim elder Zilina despised him, believing that he should be killed immediately.
Fortunately, Abdul had a different opinion. Still, the writer believed that the so-called Tatars were not monsters at all. This is a people with completely different traditions from those on which the main character was raised. The story contained in the article is worth reading. This piece is still relevant.
Retelling plan
1. Zhilin receives a letter from his mother and decides to visit her.
2. Zhilin and Kostylin set off on their own.
3. Comrades are captured by the Tatars.
4. They receive a ransom offer to regain their freedom.
5. Zhilin gets to know Dina, the daughter of the rich Tatar Abdul-Murat.
6. Zhilin and Kostylin escape.
7. The heroes of the story are caught and placed in a hole to await ransom.
8. Dina helps Zhilin escape.
9. Zhilin is saved.
Retelling
Part I
A gentleman named Zhilin served as an officer in the Caucasus. His mother once sent him a letter asking him to come, since she had found him a bride with an estate, and she was already old, she wanted to see her son before she died. Zhilin thought and decided to go. I said goodbye to my comrades, the soldiers.
There was a war going on in the Caucasus, the roads were dangerous to drive, and all those passing were accompanied by soldiers or local guides, since the Tatars (highlanders North Caucasus in those days) could have been killed or taken to the mountains. It was a hot summer, the convoy was moving slowly, people got tired quickly. And Zhilin, after thinking, decided to go alone, but then another officer approached him, Kostylin - “a menacing, fat man, all red” - and suggested leaving the convoy and continuing to go together.
They drove through the steppes, and then the road went between two mountains straight into the gorge. Zhilin decided to check if everything was calm. I went up the mountain and had just climbed up when I saw thirty Tatars. I wanted to run for the gun, but there was no trace of Kostylin. The Tatars shot Zhilin’s favorite horse, took all his things, tore his clothes, tied him up and took him away. Zhilin could not trace the road: his eyes were stained with blood. Finally they arrived at the aul (Tatar village), took Zhilin off his horse, put shackles on him, tied him up and locked him in a barn.
Part II
Zhilin did not sleep almost all night. In the morning the barn was opened, and two people came in: one with a red beard, the other shorter, blackish. Eyes black, light, ruddy.” The “blackish one” is dressed more richly: “a blue silk beshmet, trimmed with braid. The dagger on the belt is large, silver; red morocco shoes, also trimmed with silver... A tall, white lamb’s hat.” They approached the prisoner and began to say something in their own language. Zhilin asked for a drink, but they just laughed. Then a girl came running - thin, skinny, about thirteen years old. “Also - black, light eyes and a beautiful face,” it was clear that she was the daughter of the smaller one. Then she ran away again and brought a jug of water and “looks at Zhilin, how he drinks, as if he were some kind of animal.”
Zhilin, having drunk, gave away the jug, and the girl then brought bread. The Tatars left, and after a while a Nogai (highlander, resident of Dagestan) came and took Zhilin into the house. “The room is good, the walls are smoothly smeared with clay. In the front wall, colorful down jackets are stacked, expensive carpets hang on the sides; on the carpets there are guns, pistols, checkers - everything is in silver.” Those two (“red beard” and “blackish one”) and three guests were sitting there. One of the guests addressed him in Russian: “Kazi-Mugamed took you,” he says, “he points to the red Tatar,” and gave you to Abdul-Murat, “points to the blackish one.” “Abdul-Murat is now your master.”
Then Abdul-Murat told him to write a letter home, so that his relatives would send a ransom of five thousand coins, then he would let him go. Zhilin began to refuse, saying that he could only give five hundred. They fussed and made noise, then demanded three thousand. Zhilin firmly stood his ground. The Tatars consulted and brought another prisoner - Kostylin. It turns out that he agreed to five thousand and wrote to his loved ones. And they say: “They will feed him well, and they will not offend him.” Finally, the Tatars agreed to receive at least five hundred coins. Zhilin wrote the letter so that it would not reach him, because he was thinking about escaping. He knew that the old mother did not have such funds; he himself sent her money to live on.
Part III
A month passes. Zhilin and his friend are fed poorly, with unleavened bread, or even dough. Kostylin writes letters all the time and waits for ransom. But Zhilin knows that the letter did not arrive, and he still wanders around the village, looking for the best way to escape, and doing his handicrafts, since he was a master at every task. Once I sculpted a doll wearing a Tatar shirt. Dina, the daughter of Abdul-Murat, liked her. He left the doll on the roof, and she dragged it away and began rocking it like a child. The old woman broke the doll, but Zhilin fashioned it even better. Since then they became friends, and she began to bring him milk, cakes, and once she even brought him a piece of lamb in her sleeve.
The Tatars found out that the prisoner had golden hands, and “the fame spread about Zhilin that he was a master. They began to come to him from distant villages; who will bring a lock on a gun or a pistol to repair, who will bring a watch.” And Abdul-Murat brought him tools and gave him his old beshmet. Zhilin took root and began to understand Tatar language, many residents are already accustomed to it.
There was also one old man in the village, about whom the owner said: “This big man! He was the first horseman, he beat a lot of Russians, he was rich.” He had eight sons, and when the Russians attacked the village, killed seven, one surrendered, then the old man surrendered, lived with the Russians, killed his son and ran away. Since then he has hated Russians and, of course, wants Zhilin dead. But Abdul-Murat got used to his captive: “...yes, I loved you, Ivan; Not only would I kill you, I wouldn’t even let you out if I hadn’t given my word...”
Part IV
Zhilin lived like this for another month and began to look out in which direction it was better to run. One day he decided to walk to a small mountain from where he could explore the surroundings. And a boy, the son of Abdul-Murat, was running after him, who was ordered to keep track of where the Russian goes and what he does. Zhilin explained that he wanted to collect herbs to heal people. And they climbed the hill together. How could Zhilin have gone far if during the day he only walked in stocks?
Zhilin looked around and recognized the mountains that he had seen from the Russian fortress. I found where to run and returned back to the village. That same evening the mountaineers brought back one of their own, killed by the Russians. They wrapped him in white linen, sat next to him and said: “Alla!” (God) - and then buried in a hole. They commemorated the deceased for four days. When most of the men had left, it was time to escape. Zhilin talked with Kostylin, and they decided to flee while the nights were dark.
Part V
They went into the night. They walked barefoot, their boots were worn out. All my legs were bleeding. Zhilin walks, endures, Kostylin lags behind, whines. At first they lost their way, then they finally entered the forest. Kostylin was tired, sat down on the ground, and said that he refused to escape. Zhilin did not abandon his comrade, he took him on his back. They walked like this for a few more miles. Then we heard the sound of hooves. Kostylin got scared and fell noisily, and even screamed. The Tatar heard and brought people with dogs from the village.
The fugitives were caught and returned to their owner. At the meeting they decided what to do with them. Then Abdul-Murat approached them and said that if the ransom was not sent in two weeks, he would kill them. He put them in a hole and gave them paper so that they could write letters again.
Part VI
Life became very bad for them; they were fed worse than dogs. Zhilin thought about how to get out, but couldn’t think of anything. And Kostylin felt very bad, “he got sick, swollen, and had aches all over his body; and everything moans or sleeps.” Once Zhilin was sitting and saw Dina upstairs, who brought him cakes and cherries. Then Zhilin thought: what if she helps him? The next day the Tatars came and made noise. Zhilin realized that the Russians were close. He made clay dolls for Dina, and when she came running the next time, he began throwing them to her. But she refuses. Then, crying, he says that they will soon be killed. Zhilin asked to bring a long stick, but Dina was scared.
One evening Zhilin heard a noise: it was Dina who brought the pole. Having lowered him into the hole, she whispered that there was almost no one left in the village, everyone had left... Zhilin called a friend with him, but he did not dare to escape again. Dina tried to help Zhilin remove the block, but nothing worked.
Zhilin said goodbye to the girl and thanked her. Dina cried, didn’t want to leave, then ran away. Zhilin walked in the block along the path they ran last time. Apart from the two Tatars, he met no one; he hid from them behind a tree. The forest ended, and a Russian fortress was already visible in the distance. Zhilin decided to go downhill, but as soon as he came out into the open, three mounted Tatars noticed him and set off to cut him off. And he gathered with the Siths and ran, shouting to the Cossacks: “Brothers, brothers!” They heard him and rushed to the rescue. The Tatars got scared and galloped away. They brought Zhilin to the fortress, some thrust him bread, some porridge...
He told everyone his story: “So I went home and got married! No, apparently this is not my destiny.” And he remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was bought out only a month later for five thousand. They brought him barely alive.
Officer Zhilin served in the Caucasus. He received a letter from his mother, and he decided to go home on vacation. But on the way he and another Russian officer Kostylin were captured by the Tatars. This happened due to Kostylin’s fault. He was supposed to cover Zhilin, but he saw the Tatars, got scared and ran away from them. Kostylin turned out to be a traitor. The Tatar who captured the Russian officers sold them to another Tatar. The prisoners were shackled and kept in the same barn.
The Tatars forced the officers to write letters to their relatives demanding a ransom. Kostylin obeyed, and Zhilin specially wrote a different address, because he knew: there was no one to buy him, Zhilin’s old mother lived very poorly. Zhilin and Kostylin sat in the barn for a whole month. The owner's daughter Dina became attached to Zhilin. She secretly brought him cakes and milk, and he made dolls for her. Zhilin began to think about how he and Kostylin could escape from captivity. Soon he began digging in the barn.
One night they ran away. When we entered the forest, Kostylin began to lag behind and whine - his boots had rubbed his feet. Because of Kostylin, they did not go far; they were noticed by a Tatar who was driving through the forest. He told the owners of the hostages, they took the dogs and quickly caught up with the prisoners. The shackles were put on them again and they were not removed even at night. Instead of a barn, the hostages were put in a hole five arshins deep. Zhilin still did not despair. I kept thinking about how he could escape. Dina saved him. At night she brought a long stick, lowered it into the hole, and Zhilin climbed up using it. But Kostylin stayed, didn’t want to run away: he was scared, and he didn’t have the strength.
Zhilin moved away from the village and tried to remove the block, but nothing worked. Dina gave him some flat cakes for the journey and cried, saying goodbye to Zhilin. He was kind to the girl, and she became very attached to him. Zhilin went further and further, even though the block was very much in the way. When his strength ran out, he crawled and crawled to the field, beyond which there were already his own Russians. Zhilin was afraid that the Tatars would notice him when he crossed the field. Just thinking about it, look: to the left, on a hillock, two tithes away from it, three Tatars are standing. They saw Zhilin and rushed to him. And so his heart sank. Zhilin waved his hands and shouted at the top of his voice: “Brothers! Help out! Brothers!” The Cossacks heard Zilina and rushed to intercept the Tatars. The Tatars got scared, and before reaching Zhilin they began to stop. This is how the Cossacks saved Zhilin. Zhilin told them about his adventures, and then said: “So I went home and got married! No, apparently this is not my destiny.” Zhilin remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was bought out only a month later for five thousand. They brought him barely alive.
Option 2
After the news came from her mother, a Caucasian officer named Zhilin wanted to visit her, and he went home. However, due to the cowardice of another officer, Kostylin, with whom he set off on this long journey, they were taken prisoner by the Tatars. After that, they were sold to other Tatars, who hid them both in a barn, chained.
In order to receive a ransom, the captives were forced to write letters to their loved ones. Zhilin remembered that his mother was very poor and she definitely wouldn’t have enough to pay for the ransom, so he entered someone else’s address, unlike the obedient Kostylin. A month has already passed since they were in captivity. Dina, the daughter of the Tatar who bought the officers, began to secretly court Zhilin. He reciprocated her feelings. Zhilin began to plot his and Kostylin’s escape.
Having made a tunnel in the barn, they managed to escape from captivity. Kostylin fails again. Before he had even gone very far, his legs began to hurt because of his tight shoes, and he began to hesitate; Zhilin had to wait for him. There they were noticed by a Tatar passing nearby, who informed the owners about their disappearance. It was not difficult to catch the fugitives. But Zhilin’s hope for salvation did not fade away, even though they were now thrown into a deep hole. This time, the brave and kind Dina came to the rescue: she found a stick of sufficient size and brought it to them. Kostylin did not want to get out, because he was very exhausted, although to a greater extent, he was simply chickened out.
Dina had to say goodbye to Zhilin and, sobbing, she handed him several flat cakes for the journey. And the officer left. It was completely inconvenient to walk, since it was not possible to get rid of the shackles. The fugitive could no longer walk, he was terribly tired, but he did not give up and began to crawl. As he crawled across the field, three Tatars standing on a hill noticed him and ran after him. Zhilin, who knew that the Cossacks were already behind the field, from last bit of strength stood up, started waving his arms and screaming. And then our people appeared and ran towards the Tatars, who rushed back out of fear, leaving them alone former prisoner. He later told his rescuers about his story.
Officer Zhilin continued his service in the Caucasus. Kostylin remained in prison for another month, and then he was ransomed for five thousand.
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