To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Russian writers are Nobel Prize winners. Presentation prepared by: Chugunova Alexandra Alexandrovna
“Remember that the writers we call eternal or simply good have one common and very important sign: they go somewhere and they call you there, and you feel not with your mind, but with your whole being, that they have... a goal " A. P. Chekhov
Over the entire history of the Nobel Prize, five Russian writers have been awarded the high title of laureate: I. A. Bunin, B. L. Pasternak, M. A. Sholokhov, I. A. Brodsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin 1870-1953
Brief biography of I. A. Bunin: Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, Russian writer and poet, was born on October 22, 1870 on his parents’ estate near Voronezh, in central Russia.
Monument to I. Bunin in Yeletsk Until the age of 11, I. A. Bunin was raised at home, and in 1881 he entered the Yeletsk district gymnasium, but four years later, due to the family’s financial difficulties, he returned home, where he continued his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius. At the age of 17, he began writing poetry. His first collection of short stories, At the End of the World, was published in 1897.
Although October Revolution The year 1917 did not come as a surprise to I. A. Bunin; he feared that the victory of the Bolsheviks would lead Russia to disaster. Having left Moscow in 1918, he settled for two years in Odessa, where the White Army was stationed at that time, and then, after long wanderings, in 1920 he came to France.
Received very high critical acclaim autobiographical story I. Bunin’s “The Life of Arsenyev” (1933), which presents a whole gallery of pre-revolutionary types - real and fictional.
I. Bunin was awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize in Literature: “for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose» .
In his speech when presenting the prize, the representative of the Swedish Academy, Per Hallström, highly appreciating the poetic gift of I. Bunin, particularly focused on “his ability to describe unusually expressively and accurately real life". In his response speech, I. Bunin noted the courage of the Swedish Academy, which honored the Russian emigrant writer.
I. A. Bunin died in Paris from lung disease on November 8, 1953. He is buried in a Russian cemetery Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois near Paris, where many of the famous emigrants found shelter.
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak 1890-1960
Biography of B. L. Pasternak: Russian poet and prose writer, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, was born on February 10, 1890 in Moscow.
In his youth, B. Pasternak was interested in music, philosophy and religion, but he soon realized that his true destiny was poetry, and in the summer of 1913, after passing university exams, he completed his first book of poems, “Twin in the Clouds” (1914), and three years later - the second, “Over the Barriers”.
The atmosphere of revolutionary change was reflected in the book of poems “My Sister is My Life,” published in 1922, as well as in “Themes and Variations” (1923), which put him in the first rank of Russian poets.
In the 20s B. Pasternak writes two historical and revolutionary poems “Nine Hundred and Fifth” (1925...1926) and “Lieutenant Schmidt” (1926...1927), which were approvingly received by critics, and in 1934 at the First Congress of Writers, about him spoken of as the leading Soviet modern poet. However, praises addressed to him soon give way to harsh criticism due to the poet’s reluctance to limit his work to proletarian themes.
In the 40s B. Pasternak begins work on the main novel: “Doctor Zhivago”. The novel, initially approved for publication, was later considered unsuitable "due to the author's negative attitude towards the revolution and lack of faith in social change."
In 1958, the Swedish Academy awarded B. Pasternak the Nobel Prize in Literature “for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel.”
Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union and forced to refuse the prize.
The last years of his life, the writer lived in Peredelkino without a break, wrote, received visitors, talked with friends, and looked after the garden. B. Pasternak died on May 30, 1960 from lung cancer.
Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov 1905-1984
Biography of M. A. Sholokhov: Russian writer Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov was born on May 24, 1905 on the Kruzhilin farm Cossack village Veshenskaya in the Rostov region.
M. Sholokhov's studies were interrupted by the revolution of 1917. After graduating from four classes of the gymnasium, in 1918 he joined the Red Army. From the first days of the revolution, M. Sholokhov supported the Bolsheviks and advocated for Soviet power.
In 1932, he joined the Communist Party, in 1937 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and two years later he became a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1925, a collection of the writer’s stories about the civil war entitled “Don Stories” was published in Moscow.
From 1926 to 1940 M. Sholokhov worked on the novel “ Quiet Don", which brought the writer world fame. In the 30s M. Sholokhov interrupts work on “The Quiet Don” and writes the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned” (about the resistance of the Russian peasantry to forced collectivization, carried out in accordance with the first five-year plan (1928...1933)).
During the Second World War, M. Sholokhov was a war correspondent for Pravda, author of articles and reports on the heroism of the Soviet people; after Battle of Stalingrad the writer begins work on the third novel - the trilogy “They Fought for the Motherland.”
In 1965, M. Sholokhov received the Nobel Prize in Literature “for artistic power and the integrity of the epic about Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia."
In his speech during the award ceremony, M. Sholokhov said that his goal was “to exalt the nation of workers, builders and heroes.”
M. A. Sholokhov died in the village of Veshenskaya in 1984 at the age of 78 years.
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn 1918-2008
Biography of A. I. Solzhenitsyn: A. Solzhenitsyn was born on December 11, 1918 in Kislovodsk. In 1924, the family moved to Rostov-on-Don; there, in 1938, Solzhenitsyn entered the physics and mathematics department of the university (graduated in 1941). A craving for literature led to A. Solzhenitsyn’s enrollment in the correspondence department of the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History.
Art. Lieutenant Solzhenitsyn. Bryansk front. 1943 In 1941, when the war with Nazi Germany began, due to health restrictions, A. Solzhenitsyn ended up in a convoy and only then, after an accelerated course at artillery school, from the spring of 1943 to February 1945, he commanded an artillery battery, having completed the path from Orel to East Prussia. Was awarded orders Patriotic War(1943), Red Star (1944) and promoted to captain.
On February 9, 1945, Solzhenitsyn was arrested for harsh anti-Stalin statements in letters to his childhood friend N. Vitkevich; was held in Lubyanka and Butyrskaya prisons (Moscow); On July 27, he was sentenced to 8 years in forced labor camps. In June 1947 he was transferred to the Marfinsk specialized prison, later described in the novel “In the First Circle.”
Since 1950, A. Ssolzhenitsyn has been in the Ekibastuz camp (experience " general works"recreated in the story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"); here he gets cancer (the tumor was removed in February 1952). He is treated twice in Tashkent for cancer; on the day of his discharge from the hospital, a story about a terrible illness was conceived - the future "Cancer Ward".
In February 1956, Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated by a decision of the Supreme Court of the USSR. Since 1957 Solzhenitsyn is in Ryazan, teaching at school.
In 1970, A. Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the moral strength drawn from the tradition of great Russian literature.”
The award of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1970) and the publication of the first edition of "August the Fourteenth" (1971) excite new wave persecution and slander. In September 1973, the KGB seized a cache with the manuscript of “The Archipelago...”, after which Solzhenitsyn gave the signal for its publication in the YMCA-Press (Paris); the first volume is published at the end of December. February 12-13, 1974 Solzhenitsyn was arrested, deprived of citizenship and deported to Germany, later moving to the USA.
On May 27, 1994 he returned to Russia; awarded the highest award Russian Academy Sciences Gold Medal named after. Lomonosov (1998); laureate of the Grand Prize (Grand Prix) of the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences for his outstanding role in the literature of the 20th century and in the world process (2000). A. Solzhenitsyn died on August 3, 2008.
“Literature is the conscience of society, its soul...” D. S. Likhachev
Thank you for your attention!
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize for Literature has been awarded annually and is awarded by the Nobel Committee in Stockholm. A writer can receive it once in his life for the totality of his services in the development of the literary process.
The status of the award is determined not so much by the significant amount of money as by its prestige. Nobel Prize laureates receive significant support from the state and private organizations, and government officials listen to their opinions.
The prizes are awarded in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), the Swedish engineer, inventor and industrialist. According to his will, drawn up on November 27, 1895, the capital (initially over 31 million Swedish crowns) was invested in shares, bonds and loans. The income from them is divided annually into five equal parts and becomes prizes for the most outstanding world achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace activities.
Special passions flare up around the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Nobel Committee announces only the number of applicants for a particular prize, but does not name their names. Nevertheless, the list of laureates in the field of literature is more than impressive.
The prize is awarded annually on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Prize includes gold medal, diploma and monetary reward. Within six months of receiving the Nobel Prize, the laureate must give a Nobel lecture on the topic of his work.
Records:
· Doris Lessing was 87 years old to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.
· The youngest winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature is Rudyard Kipling, who received the prize at age 42 in 1907.
· The longest living person was 1950 laureate Bertrand Russell, who died on February 2, 1970, at the age of 97.
· The most short life Among the Nobel Prize laureates in literature went to Albert Camus, who died in a car accident at the age of 46.
· The first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature was Selma Lagerlöf in 1909.
Books of which writers and poets - Nobel laureates - are in our city library?
We will be happy to offer works by the most famous authors to our readers. Among them are Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Ernest Hemingway, Albert Camus, Maurice Maeterlinck, Knut Hamsun, John Galsworthy, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Mann, Günther Grass, Romain Rolland, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Anatole France, Bernard Shaw, William Faulkner, Gabriel García Márquez, John Kudzee and many others.
Of the Russian-speaking authors, Ivan Bunin was awarded the prize in 1933 “for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated artistic prose typical Russian character." Representative of the Swedish Academy of Sciences P. Hallström noted I.A. Bunin’s ability to “describe real life unusually expressively and accurately.”
In 1958, Boris Pasternak was awarded "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as the continuation of the traditions of the Russian epic novel." His most interesting novel Doctor Zhivago, which has been translated into 18 languages, is worth reading.
In 1965, the prize was received by Mikhail Sholokhov for his novel “Quiet Don” with the wording “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia.”
In 1970 - Alexander Solzhenitsyn “for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature.” In his speech, member of the Swedish Academy K. Girov said that the laureate’s works testify to the “indestructible dignity of man” and “wherever, for whatever reason, human dignity is threatened, the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn is not only an indictment of the persecutors of freedom, but also warning: with such actions they cause damage primarily to themselves.”
In 1987, Joseph Brodsky was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for his multifaceted creativity, marked by sharpness of thought and deep poetry.” In his Nobel lecture, he said: “Whether a person is a writer or a reader, his task is, first of all, to live his own life, and not one imposed or prescribed from the outside, even the most noble-looking life.”
Leaders in receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature
In 2011, the 104th Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded. Throughout the history of the award, 25 works have been awarded. various languages, most often in English (26 times), French (13 times), German (13 times) and Spanish (11 times). Five times the prize was awarded for works in Russian. The Nobel Prize in Literature was rejected twice (by Boris Pasternak in 1958 and by Jean-Paul Sartre in 1964). Women have won the Nobel Prize in Literature 12 times, which is the most large number Among the female laureates of other Nobel Prizes, in addition to the Peace Prize, 15 women were awarded.
Geography of Nobel laureates in the library
French literature represented by such authors as Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Francois Mauriac, Anatole France, Romain Rolland.
Without the name of Jean-Paul Sartre it is unthinkable to imagine the history of French philosophy and literature of the 20th century. The world continues to read his works to this day. In 1964, he refused the Nobel Prize for Literature, saying that he did not want to have his independence compromised. Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for his work, rich in ideas, imbued with the spirit of freedom and the search for truth, which has had a tremendous influence on our time.”
English Writers Laureate– Rudyard Kipling, John Galsworthy, William Golding, Doris Lessing, Bertrand Russell.
John Galsworthy received the Nobel Prize in 1932 for " high art narrative, the pinnacle of which is The Forsyte Saga. This is a series of works about the fate of the Forsyte family. Easy manner of presentation, original, memorable style, a bit of irony and the ability to “feel” each character, make him come alive, interesting to the reader- all this makes The Forsyte Saga one of those works that stand the test of time.
Hardly among genuine lovers artistic word There are those who have not heard of Joseph Coetzee: his novels in various editions can be found in the bookstore and in the library. He is an English-language writer and winner of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. The first writer to win the Booker Prize twice (in 1983 for The Life and Times of Michael K. and in 1999 for Infamy). Agree, two Booker Prizes and a Nobel can make anyone who has never picked up the works of the most famous South African writer think twice. With his Nobel speech, he amazed everyone, unexpectedly dedicating it to Robinson Crusoe and his servant Friday, separated by distance and terribly lonely.
American literature represented by such authors as Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, Saul Bellow, Toni Morrison.
Hemingway received wide recognition thanks to his novels and numerous stories, on the one hand, and his life, full of adventures and surprises, on the other. His style, short and intense, significantly influenced the literature of the 20th century.
German writers: Thomas Mann, Heinrich Böll, Günther Grass.
Here's what Günter Grass said in his Nobel speech:
“Just as the Nobel Prize, apart from all its solemnity, rests on the discovery of dynamite, which, like other products human brain- be it the splitting of the atom or the award-winning deciphering of genes - has brought joy and sorrow to the world, so literature carries explosive power, even if the explosions caused by it do not become an event immediately, but, so to speak, under the magnifying glass of time and change the world, perceived both as a benefit and as a reason for lamentation, and all in the name of the human race.”
The books of Nobel laureate Gabriel García Márquez were included in the Golden Fund of World Culture. The thinnest line between reality and the world of illusions, the richest flavor of Latin American prose and a deep immersion in the problems of our existence - these are the main components magical realism Garcia Marquez.
“One Hundred Years of Solitude” is a cult novel that, according to contemporaries, caused a “literary earthquake” and brought its author extraordinary popularity throughout the world. This is one of the most read and translated works in Spanish. But besides this, he wrote four more novels: “An Evil Hour”, “Autumn of the Patriarch”, “Love in the Time of Plague”, “The General in His Labyrinth”, stories and a whole series stories collected in collections. “Twelve Stories of Wanderers,” which, although written in 1992, are still considered a novelty in our book, since they were translated into Russian relatively recently, and began to be published in wide editions even later.
Vargas Llosa - Peruvian-Spanish novelist and playwright, winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is considered one of the greatest Latin American prose writers of modern times, along with Juan Rulfo, Carlos Fuentes, Jorge Luis Borges and Gabriel García Márquez. The prize was awarded "for its depiction of power structures and vivid images of human resistance, rebellion and defeat."
Japanese literature presented by our laureates Yasunari Kawabata, Kenzaburo Oe.
Kenzaburo Oe was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for having created with poetic force an imaginary world in which reality and myth unite to represent alarming picture today's human misfortunes." Now Oe is the most famous and titled writer in the Country Rising Sun. His works, in which the narrative sometimes unfolds in several time layers, are characterized by a mixture of myth and reality, as well as a piercing acuity of moral sound. The novel “Football 1860” is considered one of the writer’s most famous works and largely determined the jury’s choice in favor of Oe when awarding him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1994.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded for the 107th time - the 2014 winner was French writer and screenwriter Patrick Modiano. Thus, since 1901, 111 authors have already received the literature prize (four times the award was awarded to two writers at the same time).
Alfred Nobel bequeathed that the prize be awarded for “the most outstanding literary work in an ideal direction,” and not for circulation and popularity. But the concept of a “bestselling book” already existed at the beginning of the 20th century, and sales volumes can at least partially speak about the skill and literary significance of the writer.
RBC has compiled a conditional rating of Nobel laureates in literature based on the commercial success of their works. The source was data from the world's largest book retailer Barnes & Noble on the best-selling books of Nobel laureates.
William Golding
Winner of the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For novels that, with the clarity of realistic narrative art combined with the diversity and universality of myth, help to comprehend the existence of man in the modern world"
For almost forty years literary career English writer published 12 novels. Golding's novels Lord of the Flies and The Descendants are among the Nobel laureates' best-selling books according to Barnes & Noble. The first, released in 1954, brought him worldwide fame. In terms of the significance of the novel for the development of modern thought and literature, critics often compared it with Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye.”
The best-selling book at Barnes & Noble is Lord of the Flies (1954).
Toni Morrison
Winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature
« To the writer who, in her novels full of dreams and poetry, brought to life important aspect American reality."
American writer Toni Morrison was born in Ohio into a working-class family. She began making art while attending Howard University, where she studied " English language and literature." Morrison's first novel, The Bluest Eye, was based on a story she wrote for a university poetry group. In 1975, her novel Sula was nominated for the US National Book Award.
Best selling book at Barnes & Noble - The Bluest Eye (1970)
John Steinbeck
Winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For his realistic and poetic gift, combined with gentle humor and keen social vision"
Among the most famous novels Steinbeck - The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden, Of Mice and Men. All of them are included in the top dozen bestsellers according to the American store Barnes & Noble.
By 1962, Steinbeck had already been nominated for the prize eight times, and he himself believed that he did not deserve it. Critics in the United States greeted the award with hostility, believing that it late novels were much weaker than subsequent ones. In 2013, when documents from the Swedish Academy were revealed (they had been kept secret for 50 years), it turned out that Steinbeck was a recognized classic American literature- awarded because he was "the best in a bad crowd" of candidates for that year's award.
The first edition of the novel “The Grapes of Wrath,” with a circulation of 50 thousand copies, was illustrated and cost $2.75. In 1939, the book became a bestseller. To date, the book has sold more than 75 million copies, and a first edition in good condition costs more than $24,000.
Ernest Hemingway
Winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For the narrative mastery once again demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence it has had on modern style"
Hemingway became one of nine literary laureates to whom the Nobel Prize was awarded for a specific work (the story "The Old Man and the Sea"), and not for literary activity generally. In addition to the Nobel Prize, The Old Man and the Sea brought the author a Pulitzer Prize in 1953. The story was first published in Life magazine in September 1952, and in just two days, 5.3 million copies of the magazine were purchased in the United States.
Interestingly, the Nobel Committee seriously considered awarding the prize to Hemingway in 1953, but then chose Winston Churchill, who wrote more than a dozen books of a historical and biographical nature during his life. One of the main reasons for not delaying the awarding of the former British Prime Minister was his venerable age (Churchill was 79 years old at that time).
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For novels and stories in which fantasy and reality combine to reflect the life and conflicts of an entire continent"
Márquez became the first Colombian to receive a prize from the Swedish Academy. His books, including Chronicle of a Death Proclaimed, Love in the Time of Cholera, and The Autumn of the Patriarch, outsold all books ever published in Spanish except the Bible. Described by Chilean poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda as “the greatest work in the Spanish language since Cervantes’ Don Quixote,” One Hundred Years of Solitude has been translated into more than 25 languages and has sold more than 50 million copies worldwide.
The best-selling book at Barnes & Noble is One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967).
Samuel Beckett
Winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For innovative works in prose and drama, in which tragedy modern man becomes his triumph"
A native of Ireland, Samuel Beckett is considered one of the most prominent representatives of modernism; Along with Eugene Ionescu, he founded the “theater of the absurd.” Beckett wrote in English and French, and his most famous work - the play "Waiting for Godot" - was written in French. The main characters of the play throughout the entire play are waiting for a certain Godot, meeting with whom can bring meaning to their meaningless existence. There is practically no dynamics in the play, Godot never appears, and the viewer is left to interpret for himself what kind of image he is.
Beckett loved chess, attracted women, but led a secluded life. He agreed to accept the Nobel Prize only on the condition that he would not attend the presentation ceremony. Instead, his publisher, Jérôme Lindon, received the prize.
William Faulkner
Winner of the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For his significant and artistically unique contribution to the development of the modern American novel"
Faulkner initially refused to go to Stockholm to receive the prize, but his daughter persuaded him. When asked by US President John F. Kennedy to attend a dinner in honor of Nobel Prize winners, Faulkner, who said to himself “I am not a writer, but a farmer,” replied that he was “too old to travel so far for a dinner with strangers.”
According to Barnes & Noble, Faulkner's best-selling book is his novel As I Lay Dying. “The Sound and the Fury,” which the author himself considered his most successful work, did not have commercial success for a long time. In the 16 years after its publication (in 1929), the novel sold only three thousand copies. However, at the time of receiving the Nobel Prize, The Sound and the Fury was already considered a classic of American literature.
In 2012, the British publishing house The Folio Society released Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, where the text of the novel is printed in 14 colors, as the author himself wanted (so that the reader could see different time planes). The publisher's recommended price for such a copy is $375, but the circulation was limited to only 1,480 copies, and a thousand of them were already pre-ordered at the time of the book's release. On at the moment on eBay you can buy a limited edition of “The Sound and the Fury” for 115 thousand rubles.
Doris Lessing
Winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For his insight into women's experiences with skepticism, passion and visionary power"
British poet and writer Doris Lessing became the oldest laureate literary prize Swedish Academy, in 2007 she was 88 years old. Lessing also became the eleventh woman to win this prize (out of thirteen).
Lessing was not popular among the masses literary critics, since her works were often dedicated to acute social issues(in particular, she was called a propagandist of Sufism). However, The Times magazine places Lessing fifth on its list of the "50 greatest British authors since 1945".
The most popular book at Barnes & Noble is Lessing's 1962 novel The Golden Notebook. Some commentators rank it among the classics of feminist fiction. Lessing herself categorically disagreed with this label.
Albert Camus
Winner of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature
"For his enormous contribution to literature, highlighting the importance of human conscience"
Algerian-born French essayist, journalist and writer Albert Camus has been called the “conscience of the West.” One of his most popular works, the novel “The Outsider,” was published in 1942, and sales began in the United States in 1946. English translation, and in just a few years more than 3.5 million copies were sold.
When presenting the prize to the writer, member of the Swedish Academy Anders Exterling said that “Camus’s philosophical views were born in an acute contradiction between the acceptance of earthly existence and the awareness of the reality of death.” Despite Camus's frequent association with the philosophy of existentialism, he himself denied his involvement in this movement. In a speech in Stockholm, he said his work was built on the desire to "avoid outright lies and resist oppression."
Alice Munro
Winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature
The prize was awarded with the wording “ to the master modern genre short story"
Canadian short story writer Alice Munro has been writing short stories since she was a teenager, but her first collection (Dance of the Happy Shadows) was published only in 1968, when Munro was already 37. In 1971, the writer published a collection of interconnected stories, Lives of Girls and Women, which was praised by critics as a “novel of education” (Bildungsroman). Among others literary works- collections “Who are you, exactly?” (1978), “The Moons of Jupiter” (1982), “The Fugitive” (2004), “Too Much Happiness” (2009). The 2001 collection The Hate Me, the Hate Me, the Courtship, the Love, the Marriage served as the basis for the Canadian feature film Away from Her, directed by Sarah Polley.
Critics have called Munro "the Canadian Chekhov" for his narrative style, characterized by clarity and psychological realism.
The best selling book at Barnes & Noble is “ Dear Life"(2012).
Since the delivery of the first Nobel Prize 112 years have passed. Among Russians worthy of this most prestigious award in the field literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, physiology, peace and economics there were only 20 people. As for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Russians have their own personal history in this area, not always with a positive ending.
First awarded in 1901, it bypassed the most important writer in history. Russian and world literature - Leo Tolstoy. In their 1901 address, members of the Royal Swedish Academy formally paid their respects to Tolstoy, calling him "the deeply revered patriarch modern literature" and "one of those powerful soulful poets about whom in in this case should remember first of all,” however, they referred to the fact that, in view of their convictions, great writer he himself “never aspired to this kind of reward.” In his response letter, Tolstoy wrote that he was glad that he was spared the difficulties associated with the disposal of so much money and that he was pleased to receive notes of sympathy from so many respected persons. Things were different in 1906, when Tolstoy, preempting his nomination for the Nobel Prize, asked Arvid Järnefeld to use all kinds of connections so as not to be put in an unpleasant position and refuse this prestigious award.
Likewise Nobel Prize in Literature surpassed several other outstanding Russian writers, among whom was also the genius of Russian literature - Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The first writer admitted to the “Nobel Club” was someone disliked by the Soviet government who emigrated to France Ivan Alekseevich Bunin.
In 1933, the Swedish Academy nominated Bunin for an award “for the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose.” Among the nominees this year were also Merezhkovsky and Gorky. Bunin received Nobel Prize in Literature largely thanks to the 4 books about Arsenyev’s life that had been published by that time. During the ceremony, Per Hallström, a representative of the Academy who presented the prize, expressed admiration for Bunin’s ability to “describe real life with extraordinary expressiveness and accuracy.” In his response speech, the laureate thanked the Swedish Academy for the courage and honor it showed to the emigrant writer.
A difficult story full of disappointment and bitterness accompanies the receipt of the Nobel Prize in Literature Boris Pasternak. Nominated annually from 1946 to 1958 and awarded this high award in 1958, Pasternak was forced to refuse it. Almost becoming the second Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, the writer was persecuted in his homeland, receiving stomach cancer as a result of nervous shock, from which he died. Justice triumphed only in 1989, when his son Evgeniy Pasternak received an honorary award for him “for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel.”
Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich received the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his novel Quiet Don" in 1965. It is worth noting that the authorship of this deep epic work, despite the fact that the manuscript of the work was found and a computer match was established with printed edition, there are opponents who claim the impossibility of creating a novel that demonstrates deep knowledge of the events of the First World War and Civil War at such a young age. The writer himself, summing up his work, said: “I would like my books to help people become better, become purer in soul... If I succeeded in this to some extent, I am happy.”
Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich, winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." Having spent most of his life in exile and exile, the writer created deep and frightening in its authenticity historical works. Upon learning of the Nobel Prize award, Solzhenitsyn expressed his desire to personally attend the ceremony. The Soviet government prevented the writer from receiving this prestigious award, calling it “politically hostile.” Thus, Solzhenitsyn never got to the desired ceremony, fearing that he would not be able to return from Sweden back to Russia.
In 1987 Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich awarded Nobel Prize for Literature"for comprehensive creativity, imbued with clarity of thought and passion of poetry." In Russia, the poet never received lifelong recognition. He created while in exile in the USA, most of his works were written in impeccable English. In his speech Nobel laureate Brodsky spoke about what was most dear to him - language, books and poetry...
“In works of great emotional power, he revealed the abyss that lies beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world,” says the official release published on the website Nobel Committee and announcing the new Nobel laureate in literature - British writer of Japanese origin Kazuo Ishiguro.
A native of Nagasaki, he moved with his family to Britain in 1960. The writer’s first novel, “Where the Hills Are in the Haze,” was published in 1982 and was dedicated to him hometown and new homeland. The novel tells the story of a Japanese woman who, after the suicide of her daughter and moving to England, cannot shake off haunting dreams of the destruction of Nagasaki.
Great success came to Ishiguro with the novel The Remains of the Day (1989),
dedicated to the fate of the former butler, who served one noble house all his life. For this novel, Ishiguro received the Booker Prize, and the jury voted unanimously, which is unprecedented for this award. In 1993, American director James Ivory filmed this book starring Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson.
The writer's fame was greatly supported by the release in 2010 of the dystopian film Never Let Me Go, which takes place in an alternative Britain at the end of the twentieth century, where child organ donors are raised in a special boarding school for cloning. The film stars Andrew Garfield, Keira Knightley, Carey Mulligan and others.
In 2005, this novel was included in the list of the hundred best according to Time magazine.
Kazuo's latest novel, The Buried Giant, published in 2015, is considered one of his strangest and most daring works. This is a medieval fantasy novel in which an elderly couple's journey to neighboring village going to his son becomes the road to his own memories. Along the way, the couple defends themselves from dragons, ogres and other mythological monsters. You can read more about the book.
Ishiguro has been compared to Vladimir Nabokov and Joseph Conrad - two authors, Russian and Polish respectively, who managed to create outstanding works in a language that was not their native language.
British and American critics note that Ishiguro (who calls himself British, not Japanese) has done a lot to transform English into the universal language of world literature.
Ishiguro's novels have been translated into more than 40 languages.
In Russian, the writer, in addition to his two main hits “Don’t Let Me Go” and “The Buried Giant,” published the early “Artist of the Unsteady World.”
By tradition, the name of the future laureate is kept in the strictest confidence until the announcement. The list of candidates compiled by the Swedish Academy is also classified and will only become known after 50 years.
The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the most prestigious and significant in literary world. Awarded annually since 1901. A total of 107 awards were awarded. According to the charter of the Nobel Foundation, only members of the Swedish Academy, professors of literature and linguistics at various universities, Nobel Prize laureates in literature, and heads of authors' unions in different countries can nominate candidates for the prize.
Last year, the American musician Bob Dylan unexpectedly received the prize “for creating new poetic expressions in the great American song tradition.” The musician did not come to the presentation, having conveyed a letter through the singer Patti Smith, in which he expressed doubts that his texts can be considered literature.
IN different years Nobel Prize winners in literature included Selma Lagerlöf, Romain Rolland, Thomas Mann, Knut Hamsun, Ernest Hemingway, Albert Camus, Orhan Pamuk and others. Among the laureates who wrote in Russian are Ivan Bunin, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Sholokhov, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, Svetlana Alexievich.
This year's award amount is $1.12 million. The award ceremony will take place at the Stockholm Philharmonic on December 10, the day of the death of the founder of the prize, Alfred Nobel.
Literary rate
Every year, it is the Nobel Prize in Literature that arouses particular interest among bookmakers - in no other discipline in which the award is given does such a stir occur. The list of this year's favorites, according to the bookmaker companies Ladbrokes, Unibet, and Betting League, includes Kenyan Ngugi Wa Thiong'o (5.50), Canadian writer and critic Margaret Atwood (6.60), Japanese writer Haruki Murakami (odds 2. 30). The current laureate’s fellow countryman, the author of “The Sheep Hunt” and “After Dark,” however, has been promised a Nobel for many years, just like another “eternal” literary Nobel nominee, the famous Syrian poet Adonis. However, both of them remain without a reward year after year, and the bookmakers are slightly perplexed.
Other candidates this year included: Chinese Ian Leanke, Israeli Amos Oz, Italian Claudio Magris, Spaniard Javier Marias, American singer and poet Patti Smith, Peter Handke from Austria, South Korean poet and prose writer Ko Eun, Nina Bouraoui from France, Peter Nadas from Hungary, American rapper Kanye West and others.
In the entire history of the award, bookmakers have made no mistakes only three times:
In 2003, when the victory was awarded to the South African writer John Coetzee, in 2006 with the famous Turk Orhan Pamuk, and in 2008 with the Frenchman Gustave Leclezio.
“What bookmakers use when determining favorites is unknown,” says the literary expert, editor-in-chief Gorky Media resource Konstantin Milchin, “it is only known that a few hours before the announcement, the odds on who later turns out to be the winner drop sharply to unfavorable values.” Whether this means that someone is supplying bookmakers with information several hours before the announcement of the winners, the expert refused to confirm. According to Milchin,
Bob Dylan was at the bottom of the list last year, as was Svetlana Alexievich in 2015.
According to the expert, a few days before the announcement of the current winner, bets on Canadian Margaret Atwood and Korean Ko Eun dropped sharply.
The name of the future laureate is traditionally kept in the strictest confidence until the announcement. The list of candidates compiled by the Swedish Academy is also classified and will only become known after 50 years.
The Swedish Academy was founded in 1786 by King Gustav III to support and develop the Swedish language and literature. It consists of 18 academicians who are elected to their posts for life by other members of the academy.