Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh into a noble family. He spent his childhood and youth on an impoverished estate in the Oryol province.
He spent his early childhood on a small family estate (the Butyrki farm in Yeletsky district, Oryol province). At the age of ten he was sent to the Yeletsk gymnasium, where he studied for four and a half years, was expelled (for non-payment of tuition fees) and returned to the village. The future writer did not receive a systematic education, which he regretted all his life. True, the elder brother Yuli, who graduated from the university with flying colors, went through the entire gymnasium course with Vanya. They studied languages, psychology, philosophy, social and natural sciences. It was Julius who had a great influence on the formation of Bunin’s tastes and views.
An aristocrat in spirit, Bunin did not share his brother’s passion for political radicalism. Julius, sensing the literary abilities of his younger brother, introduced him to Russian classical literature, advised me to write it myself. Bunin read Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov with enthusiasm, and at the age of 16 he began to write poetry himself. In May 1887, the magazine "Rodina" published the poem "Beggar" by sixteen-year-old Vanya Bunin. From that time on, his more or less constant literary activity began, in which there was a place for both poetry and prose.
Started in 1889 independent life- with a change of professions, with work in both provincial and metropolitan periodicals. While collaborating with the editors of the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik", the young writer met the newspaper's proofreader, Varvara Vladimirovna Pashchenko, who married him in 1891. The young couple, who lived unmarried (Pashchenko's parents were against the marriage), subsequently moved to Poltava (1892) and began to serve as statisticians in the provincial government. In 1891, Bunin's first collection of poems, still very imitative, was published.
The year 1895 became a turning point in the writer’s fate. After Pashchenko got along with Bunin’s friend A.I. Bibikov, the writer left his service and moved to Moscow, where his literary acquaintances took place with L.N. Tolstoy, whose personality and philosophy had a strong influence on Bunin, with A.P. Chekhov, M. Gorky, N.D. Teleshov.
Since 1895, Bunin has lived in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Literary recognition came to the writer after the publication of such stories as “On the Farm”, “News from the Motherland” and “At the End of the World”, dedicated to the famine of 1891, the cholera epidemic of 1892, the resettlement of peasants to Siberia, as well as impoverishment and the decline of the small landed nobility. Bunin called his first collection of stories “At the End of the World” (1897). In 1898, Bunin published the poetry collection “Under open air", as well as Longfellow's translation of the Song of Hiawatha, which received very high praise and was awarded Pushkin Prize first degree.
In 1898 (some sources indicate 1896) he married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni, a Greek woman, the daughter of the revolutionary and emigrant N.P. Tsakni. Family life again it turned out to be unsuccessful and in 1900 the couple divorced, and in 1905 their son Nikolai died.
On November 4, 1906, an event occurred in Bunin’s personal life that had an important influence on his work. While in Moscow, he meets Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the niece of the same S.A. Muromtsev, who was the chairman of the First State Duma. And in April 1907, the writer and Muromtseva went together on their “first long journey,” visiting Egypt, Syria, and Palestine. This journey not only marked the beginning of their life together, but also gave birth to a whole cycle of Bunin’s stories “Shadow of the Bird” (1907 - 1911), in which he wrote about the “luminous countries” of the East, their ancient history and amazing culture.
In December 1911, in Capri, the writer finished autobiographical story“Sukhodol”, which, being published in “Bulletin of Europe” in April 1912, was a huge success among readers and critics. On October 27-29 of the same year, the entire Russian public solemnly celebrated the 25th anniversary of I.A.’s literary activity. Bunin, and in 1915 in the St. Petersburg publishing house A.F. Marx left him full meeting works in six volumes. In 1912-1914. Bunin took an intimate part in the work of the “Book Publishing House of Writers in Moscow”, and collections of his works were published in this publishing house one after another - “John Rydalets: stories and poems of 1912-1913.” (1913), "The Cup of Life: Stories of 1913-1914." (1915), "Mr. from San Francisco: Works 1915-1916." (1916).
First World War brought Bunin “great emotional disappointment.” But it was during this senseless world massacre that the poet and writer especially acutely felt the meaning of the word, not so much journalistic as poetic. In January 1916 alone, he wrote fifteen poems: “Svyatogor and Ilya”, “A Land without History”, “Eve”, “The day will come - I will disappear...” and others. In them, the author fearfully awaits the collapse of the great Russian power. Bunin reacted sharply negatively to the revolutions of 1917 (February and October). Pathetic figures of the leaders of the Provisional Government, as he believed Great master, were only capable of leading Russia to the abyss. His diary was dedicated to this period - the pamphlet "Cursed Days", first published in Berlin (Collected works, 1935).
In 1920, Bunin and his wife emigrated, settling in Paris and then moving to Grasse, a small town in the south of France. You can read about this period of their life (until 1941) in Galina Kuznetsova’s talented book “The Grasse Diary”. A young writer, a student of Bunin, she lived in their house from 1927 to 1942, becoming Ivan Alekseevich’s last very strong passion. Vera Nikolaevna, infinitely devoted to him, made this, perhaps the greatest sacrifice in her life, understanding the emotional needs of the writer (“For a poet, being in love is even more important than traveling,” Gumilyov used to say).
In exile, Bunin creates his own best works: “Mitya’s Love” (1924), “ Sunstroke"(1925), "The Case of Cornet Elagin" (1925) and, finally, "The Life of Arsenyev" (1927-1929, 1933). These works became a new word both in Bunin’s work and in Russian literature in general. And according to K. G. Paustovsky, “The Life of Arsenyev” is not only the pinnacle work of Russian literature, but also “one of the most remarkable phenomena of world literature.”
In 1933, Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize, as he believed, primarily for “The Life of Arsenyev.” When Bunin came to Stockholm to receive the Nobel Prize, people in Sweden already recognized him by sight. Bunin's photographs could be seen in every newspaper, in store windows, and on cinema screens.
With the outbreak of World War II, in 1939, the Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse, at the Villa Jeannette, where they spent the entire war. The writer closely followed events in Russia, refusing any form of cooperation with the Nazi occupation authorities. He experienced the defeats of the Red Army on the eastern front very painfully, and then sincerely rejoiced at its victories.
In 1945, Bunin returned to Paris again. Bunin repeatedly expressed his desire to return to his homeland, the decree of the Soviet government in 1946 “On the restoration of USSR citizenship to subjects of the former Russian Empire... "called a "magnanimous measure." However, Zhdanov's decree on the magazines "Zvezda" and "Leningrad" (1946), which trampled A. Akhmatova and M. Zoshchenko, forever turned the writer away from his intention to return to his homeland.
Although Bunin's work received wide international recognition, his life in a foreign land was not easy. The latest collection of stories " Dark alleys", written during the dark days of the Nazi occupation of France, went unnoticed. Until the end of his life he had to defend his favorite book from the “Pharisees.” In 1952, he wrote to F.A. Stepun, the author of one of the reviews of Bunin’s works: “It’s a pity that you wrote that in “Dark Alleys” there is some excess of consideration of female charms... What an “excess” there! I gave only a thousandth how men of all tribes and peoples “consider” women everywhere, always from the age of ten until the age of 90.”
At the end of his life, Bunin wrote a number of more stories, as well as the extremely caustic “Memoirs” (1950), in which Soviet culture is subject to harsh criticism. A year after the appearance of this book, Bunin was elected the first honorary member of the Pen Club. representing writers in exile. IN last years Bunin also began work on his memoirs about Chekhov, which he planned to write back in 1904, immediately after the death of his friend. However, the literary portrait of Chekhov remained unfinished.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on the night of November 8, 1953 in the arms of his wife in terrible poverty. In his memoirs, Bunin wrote: “I was born too late. If I had been born earlier, my writing memories would not have been like this. I would not have had to survive... 1905, then the First World War, followed by the 17th year and its continuation, Lenin , Stalin, Hitler... How not to envy our forefather Noah! Only one flood befell him..." Bunin was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery near Paris, in a crypt, in a zinc coffin.
Ivan Bunin was born in 1870 into the family of a nobleman, former officer Alexei Bunin, who by that time had gone broke. The family was forced to move from their estate to the Oryol region, where the writer spent his childhood. In 1881 he entered the Yeletsk gymnasium. But he fails to get an education; after 4 classes, Ivan returns home, because his ruined parents simply do not have enough money for his education. Older brother Julius, who managed to graduate from university, helped complete the entire gymnasium course at home. The biography of Bunin - a man, a creator and creator - is full of unexpected events and facts. At the age of 17, Ivan published his first poems. Soon Bunin moved to Kharkov to live with his older brother and went to work as a proofreader for the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. In it he publishes his stories, articles and poems.
In 1891 the first collection of poetry was published. Here the young writer meets Varvara - his girl's parents did not want their marriage, so the young couple secretly leaves for Poltava. Their relationship lasted until 1894 and led to the writing of the novel “The Life of Arsenyev.”
Bunin's biography is amazing, full of meetings and interesting acquaintances. 1895 becomes a turning point in the life of Ivan Alekseevich. A trip to Moscow and St. Petersburg, meeting Chekhov, Bryusov, Kuprin, Korolenko, first success in literary society capital Cities. In 1899, Bunin married Anna Tsakni, but this marriage did not last long. 1900 - story " Antonov apples", 1901 - collection of poems "Leaf Fall", 1902 - collected works published by the publishing house "Knowledge". Author - Ivan Bunin. The biography is unique. 1903 - Pushkin Prize awarded! The writer travels a lot: Italy, France, Constantinople, the Caucasus. His best works are stories about love. About unusual, special love, without a happy ending. As a rule, this is a fleeting, random feeling, but of such depth and strength that it breaks the lives and destinies of the heroes. And this is where Bunin’s difficult biography comes into play. But his works are not tragic, they are filled with love, happiness from the fact that this great feeling happened in life.
In 1906, at a literary evening, Ivan Alekseevich met Vera Muromtseva,
a quiet young lady with huge eyes. Again, the girl’s parents were against their relationship. Vera was in her final year and was writing her diploma. But she chose love. In April 1907, Vera and Ivan went on a trip together, this time to the east. For everyone they became husband and wife. But they got married only in 1922, in France.
For his translations of Byron, Tennyson, and Musset in 1909, Bunin again received the Pushkin Prize and became an honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1910, the story “The Village” appeared, which caused a lot of controversy and made the author popular. Having been with Gorky in 1912-1914. In Italy, Bunin wrote his famous story “The Gentleman from San Francisco.”
But Ivan Alekseevich Bunin did not welcome the year. The writer's biography is not easy. In 1920, his family He was accepted in the West as a major Russian writer and became the head of the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists. New works are being published: “Mitya’s Love”, “The Case of Cornet Elagin”, “Sunstroke”, “God’s Tree”.
1933 - Bunin’s biography surprises again. He becomes the first Russian. By that time the writer was very popular in Europe. Bunin was an opponent of the Nazi regime. During the war years, despite losses and hardships, he did not publish a single work. During the occupation of France, he wrote a series of nostalgic stories, but published them only in 1946. In the last years of his life, Ivan Alekseevich did not write poetry. But he begins to treat the Soviet Union with warmth and dreams of returning. But his plans were interrupted by death. Bunin died in 1953, as did Stalin. And only a year later his works began to be published in the Union.
His homeland recognized him well only in the 60s, during the “ Khrushchev's thaw" His books began to be published again, but rarely. Meanwhile, the writer was awarded several major literary awards, including the Nobel Prize. Historical justice was restored only after perestroika. Now Bunin’s books are published in huge editions, they are read, films are made based on them and they are staged theater performances, A memorable dates celebrated all over the world. Bibliography Research about it amounts to several hundred volumes.
Bunin's Voronezh childhood
Bunin's biography began in Voronezh on October 10, 1870. According to the new style, his birthday falls on the 22nd of the same month. Ivan Alekseevich was born in an ancient, titled and respected, but end of the 19th century V. an already almost ruined family. Among his ancestors there are titular councilors, leaders of the nobility, and famous cultural figures. However, the family became so impoverished that the writer’s father, Alexei Bunin, was unable to receive even a decent education. After a year at the gymnasium, he was forced to earn his living in the office, then went to Crimean War. Returning home, he married Lyudmila Chubarova. Nine children were born from this marriage, but only four survived. Ivan later wrote in his autobiography that his father was strong and good-natured, but he drank heavily, and his mother was quiet, gentle and impressionable. When the boy was four years old, the family moved to the family estate near Yelets. The older brothers studied at the gymnasium, and the younger brother was hired as a student tutor, Nikolai Romashkov. The writer recalled his childhood years, as well as his teacher, with gratitude. The family loved to read, and his tutor taught him languages, including classical languages (Latin and Ancient Greek).Bunin's years of study
When the boy turned 11 years old, he was sent to a gymnasium. She was located in Yelets. The training was paid. In addition, the boys, whose parents did not live in the city, rented an apartment. The future writer was an average student, and when asked what subject he liked least, he answered that mathematics terrified him. The young man never graduated from high school; he continued his education at home under the guidance of his older brother. They excluded mathematics from the curriculum, giving preference to the humanities. Bunin had written poetry before, but once at home, he decided to write novels. The first magazine publication dates back to the same years - the poem “Over the grave of S.Ya. Nadson”, dedicated to memory the famous St. Petersburg poet - the idol of the youth of that time. It was published in the February issue of Rodina magazine for 1887.Working in a magazine and traveling
At the end of the 80s, Ivan Alekseevich went to Orel, where he was offered a position as an assistant editor in a local magazine. But instead, he went to Kharkov to visit his older brother Julius, whose opinion he was accustomed to taking into account. The young man served as a minor official for several months, and that same summer he went to Crimea. In the end, he got to Orel and took the place offered to him in the editorial office of the Orlovsky Vestnik. In Orel Ivan Alekseevichwrote and published in 1891his first poetry collection “Poems”. This time was also important for her personal life, which included a girl who worked as a proofreader for the same publication. Her name Varvara Pashchenko, and this was his first serious love. Bunin failed to start a family then; the girl’s father was against it, and by that time his parents were almost completely bankrupt. Even the young people’s move to Poltava did not help. It ended with Varvara leaving. Ivan had a hard time with this breakup. These events were reflected in one of the most significant prose works Bunin - the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”.
St. Petersburg, Moscow and new family
Provincial literary life didn't suit young man. The new direction of his travels is St. Petersburg, where he met some famous writers. Among his then acquaintances was Grigorovich. Then he went to Moscow, visited, met Bryusov, and even joined literary circle"Wednesday". In a word, the provincial poet found himself in new world, which he was very interested in. But the passion for travel did not go away. In the late 90s, Ivan Alekseevich went to Odessa, where he met his future first wife, Anna Tsakni, the daughter of the editor of a popular almanac. The young people got married, went on their honeymoon, and had a son, Nikolai. The boy became seriously ill with scarlet fever and died, but this was after the couple separated. Their marriage lasted only two years.Bunin - laureate of the Pushkin Prize
Despite the fact that even the most early works Bunin testify to his remarkable talent; critics paid almost no attention to him. The provincials had no literary agents capable of organizing the sensation. The first St. Petersburg collection of stories evoked responses, but there were still few of them.
Important! After the first attempt to receive the award, fame came, but the financial situation did not improve. As a result, the writer chose a new publisher, and things went better. Books published in “Znanie” began to sell out. Critics noticed them too.The restless Bunin at the end of 1906 again went to Moscow. At one of the literary evenings he met Vera Muromtseva. She was a calm girl from a good family, very educated and beautiful. She knew languages, studied chemistry, but was far from literature. The young people fell in love with each other, but could not get married, since Ivan Alekseevich had not yet been able to get a divorce by that time. They got married later, already in exile. In the pre-revolutionary years they traveled a lot, visited not only European countries, but even in Palestine and Ceylon.Impressions from his travels inspired Bunin to create new works. A new one has appearedprose -“Mr. from San Francisco”and other stories. The turbulent events in the country had a painful impact on Ivan Alekseevich; he wrote little; his most significant book was “Cursed Days.” In mid-1918, Ivan and Vera left - first to Odessa, where they lived for about a year and a half, and then abroad.
Emigration
In Odessa, Bunin made his living mainly by writing articles for local newspapers. OnLiterary creativity was greatly influenced by political events.Bunin did not accept the revolution, but he also did not go to fight with the Bolsheviks. At the beginning of 1920, he and Vera went to Constantinople on a French ship. The ship lost its course, the journey, during which the refugees suffered all sorts of hardships, took not three days, but a whole week. But they still managed to get to Paris. There was no time for literature in France, but pre-revolutionary poems and stories began to be published almost immediately, and in several countries.A new rise in Bunin’s creativity and the Nobel Prize
Bunin began writing again in 1924 after the Parisian literary evening “Mission of the Russian Emigration,” at which, in addition to Bunin, Ivan Shmelev and other writers spoke. Ivan Alekseevich spoke about the tasks facing those who left Russia. Short p The stories written in exile were published in the same year, 1924, in Berlin; they were included in the collection “The Rose of Jericho.” The story “Mitya's Love,” which aroused great interest, was completed, and “The Life of Arsenyev,” the most significant novel in his creative biography, was begun.
Rice. 5. , N. D. Teleshov and I. A. Bunin The first decades of Parisian life were calm. In winter, the couple lived in a Parisian apartment and spent the summer in Grasse. People from Russia periodically visited here, including Galina Kuznetsova, whom researchers consider Bunin’s muse of those years. In 1922, they first tried to nominate Bunin for the Nobel Prize., together with other figures of emigrant literature. But the first attempt was unsuccessful, as was the second, eight years later. Finally, in 1933 his works were appreciated. This was the first prize in history that was received by a writer forced to leave his country due to political events. More than half of the money received Nobel laureate distributed to those who were in difficult situations.
The Second World War
After the outbreak of World War II, the Bunin couple left for a relatively calm place - high in the Alps. A kind of Russian colony was formed there - those who were forced to leave Berlin and Paris, which had been captured by that time. The company, consisting mainly of writers, artists and musicians, closely followed the news from the fronts. The reports were broadcast by English radio. The war was also felt in peaceful Grasse - the life of the writer and his entourage was difficult: there was no heating, water and electricity periodically disappeared. From the most prestigious literary prize not a trace remained. Ivan Alekseevich was called to work, but mainly in those publishing houses that were located in the occupied areas. He did not accept such offers. These years, even the mostfamous works were not published.American friends helped a little -the book “Dark Alleys” was published during the war years in the States, and a small fee was sent for it.Overall, this was one of the most difficult moments in Bunin’s biography.
The last years of the writer's life
After the liberation of Paris, the family moved to the French capital, where they lived almost untildeath of Ivan Alekseevich. At this time, the Soviet government announced that it was returning citizenship to the “first wave” emigrants in France. Some emigrants decided to return, but Bunin regarded this idea with great doubt. But the improvement in relations between Soviet Union and France gave the opportunity to meet Russian writers who lived in these two countries. Many Soviet writers visited Bunin at home. Soon after the end of the war, Bunin fell seriously ill. Doctors found Ivan Alekseevich with pulmonary emphysema. He was treated at a resort. Friends got the writer little content, they didn't leave him until last days. But his health deteriorated, and on November 8 he died. Bunin was buried in the “Russian” Parisian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois. View also interesting video on the topic of Bunin’s biography in order to consolidate the material and learn a few more facts about his life.I. A. Bunin was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh. His childhood was spent on a family estate located in the Oryol province.
At the age of 11, Bunin began studying at the Yeletsk gymnasium. In his fourth year of study, due to an illness, he was forced to leave his studies and go to live in the village. After recovery, Ivan Bunin continued his studies with his older brother; both were very interested in literature. At the age of 19, Bunin is forced to leave the estate and provide for himself. He changes several positions, working as an extra, proofreader, librarian, and has to move often. Since 1891, he begins to publish poems and stories.
Having received approval from L. Tolstoy and A. Chekhov, Bunin focuses his activities on the literary sphere. Being a writer, Bunin receives the Pushkin Prize and also becomes an honorary member Russian Academy Sci. Bunin's story "The Village" brought him great fame in literary circles.
He perceived the October Revolution negatively, and therefore he left Russia, emigrating to France. In Paris he writes many works concerning Russian nature.
I. A. Bunin dies in 1953, having survived the Second World War.
Brief biography of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, 4th grade
Childhood
Bunin Ivan Alekseevich was born on October 10 or 22, 1870 in the city of Voronezh. A little later, he and his parents moved to an estate in the Oryol province.
He spends his childhood on the estate, in the middle of nature.
Having not graduated from the gymnasium in the city of Yelets (1886), Bunin received his subsequent education from his brother Yuli, who graduated from the university with excellent marks.
Creative activity
Ivan Alekseevich's first works were published in 1888, and the first collection of his poems with the same title was published in 1889. Thanks to this collection, fame comes to Bunin. Soon, in 1898, his poems were published in the “Open Air” collection, and later, in 1901, in the “Leaf Fall” collection.
Later, Bunin was awarded the title of academician at the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg (1909), after which he left Russia, being an opponent of the revolution.
Life abroad and death
Abroad Bunin does not leave his creative activity and writes works that will be doomed to success in the future. It was then that he wrote one of the most famous works"The Life of Arsenyev." For him the writer receives the Nobel Prize.
Bunin's last work - literary image Chekhov was never completed.
Ivan Bunin died in the capital of France - in the city of Paris and was buried there.
4th grade for children, 11th grade
Life and work of Ivan Bunin
1870 is a landmark year for Russia. On October 10 (October 22), a brilliant poet and writer who won world fame, I.A. Bunin, was born into a Voronezh family of nobles. From the age of three, the Oryol province became home for the future writer. Ivan spends his childhood in his family; at the age of 8 he begins to try himself in the literary field. Due to illness, he was unable to complete his studies at the Yeletsk gymnasium. He improved his health in the village of Ozerki. Unlike his younger brother, another member of the Bunin family, Yuli, is studying at the university. But after spending a year in prison, he was also sent to the village of Ozerki, where he became Ivan’s teacher, teaching him many sciences. The brothers were especially fond of literature. The debut in the newspaper took place in 1887. Two years later, due to the need to earn money, Ivan Bunin leaves his home. Modest positions as a newspaper employee, extra, librarian, and proofreader brought in a small income for subsistence. He often had to change his place of residence - Orel, Moscow, Kharkov, Poltava were his temporary homeland.
Thoughts about his native Oryol region did not leave the writer. His impressions were reflected in his first collection entitled “Poems,” which was published in 1891. Bunin was especially impressed by his meeting with the famous writer Leo Tolstoy 3 years after the release of “Poems”. The next year was remembered by him as the year he met A. Chekhov; before that, Bunin had only corresponded with him. Bunin's story “To the End of the World” (1895) was well received by critics. After which he decides to devote himself to this art. The subsequent years of Ivan Bunin's life are completely connected with literature. Thanks to his collections “Under the Open Air” and “Leaf Fall”, in 1903 the writer became the winner of the Pushkin Prize (this prize was awarded to him twice). The marriage to Anna Tsakni, which took place in 1898, did not last long; their only 5-year-old child dies. Afterwards he lives with V. Muromtseva.
In the period from 1900 to 1904, many beloved famous stories: “Chernozem”, “Antonov apples”, no less significant “Pines” and “New Road”. These works made an indelible impression on Maxim Gorky, who highly appreciated the writer’s work, calling him the best stylist of our time. Readers especially loved the story “The Village”.
In 1909, the Russian Academy of Sciences acquired a new honorary member. Ivan Alekseevich rightfully became it. Bunin could not accept October Revolution, spoke sharply and negatively about Bolshevism. Historical events in his homeland force him to leave his country. His path lay to France. Crossing Crimea and Constantinople, the writer decides to stop in Paris. In a foreign land, all his thoughts are about his homeland, Russian people, natural beauty. Active literary activity resulted in significant works: “Lapti”, “Mitya’s Love”, “Mowers”, “Distant”, the short story “Dark Alleys”, in the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”, written in 1930, he talks about his childhood and youth. These works were called the best in Bunin's work.
Three years later, another significant event occurred in his life - Ivan Bunin was awarded an honorary Nobel Prize. were written abroad famous books about Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov. One of his appeared in France latest books"Memories". Ivan Bunin survived historical events in Paris - an attack by the fascist army, I saw their defeat. His active work made him one of the most important figures of the Russian Abroad. Date of death famous writer – 8.11.1953.
Biography by dates and Interesting Facts. The most important.
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Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870 – 1953) – famous writer and poet, the first Russian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He spent many years of his life in exile, becoming one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora.
The writer's childhood and education
Ivan Bunin was born into a poor noble family on October 10 (22), 1870. Then, in Bunin’s biography, he moved to an estate in the Oryol province near the city of Yelets. Bunin spent his childhood in this very place, among the natural beauty of the fields.
Bunin's primary education was received at home. Then, in 1881, the young poet entered the Yelets gymnasium. However, without finishing it, he returned home in 1886. Further education Ivan Alekseevich Bunin received thanks to his older brother Yuli, who graduated from the university with honors.
Literary activity
Bunin's poems were first published in 1888. The following year, Bunin moved to Orel, starting to work as a proofreader in a local newspaper. Bunin's poetry, collected in a collection called "Poems", became the first book published. Soon Bunin's work gained fame. Bunin's following poems were published in the collections “Under the Open Air” (1898), “Leaf Fall” (1901).
Dating with greatest writers(Gorky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, etc.) leaves a significant imprint on Bunin’s life and work. Bunin's stories "Antonov Apples" and "Pines" are published.
The writer in 1909 became an honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Bunin reacted rather harshly to the ideas of the revolution, and left Russia forever.
Life in exile and death
The biography of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin almost entirely consists of moves and travels (Europe, Asia, Africa). In exile, Bunin continues to actively study literary activity, writes his best works: “Mitya’s Love” (1924), “Sunstroke” (1925), as well as the main novel in the writer’s life, “The Life of Arsenyev” (1927-1929, 1933), which brought Bunin the Nobel Prize in 1933 . In 1944, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story “Clean Monday”.
Before his death, the writer was often ill, but at the same time he did not stop working and creating. In the last few months of his life, Bunin was busy working on literary portrait A.P. Chekhov, but the work remained unfinished
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on November 8, 1953. He was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois cemetery in Paris.
- Having only 4 classes at the gymnasium, Bunin regretted all his life that he did not receive a systematic education. However, this did not prevent him from receiving the Pushkin Prize twice. The writer's older brother helped Ivan study languages and sciences, going through the entire gymnasium course with him at home.
- Bunin wrote his first poems at the age of 17, imitating Pushkin and Lermontov, whose work he admired.
- Bunin was the first Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.
- The writer had no luck with women. His first love, Varvara, never became Bunin’s wife. Bunin's first marriage also did not bring him happiness. His chosen one, Anna Tsakni, did not respond to his love with deep feelings and was not at all interested in his life. The second wife, Vera, left because of infidelity, but later forgave Bunin and returned.
- Bunin long years spent in exile, but always dreamed of returning to Russia. Unfortunately, the writer did not manage to accomplish this before his death.