Frederic François Chopin is a great romantic composer and founder of the Polish pianist school. In his entire life he did not create a single piece for a symphony orchestra, but his works for piano are the unsurpassed pinnacle of world pianistic art.

The future musician was born in 1810 in the family of a Polish teacher and tutor Nicolas Chopin and Tekla Justyna Krzyzanowska, a noblewoman by birth. In the town of Zhelyazova Wola, near Warsaw, the Chopin family was considered a respected intelligent family.

Parents raised their children to love music and poetry. Mother was a good pianist and singer, she spoke French perfectly. In addition to little Frederick, the family raised three more daughters, but only the boy showed truly great ability to play the piano.

The only surviving photo of Frederic Chopin

Possessing great mental sensitivity, little Frederick could sit for hours at the instrument, selecting or learning the works he liked. Already in his early childhood, he amazed those around him with his musical abilities and love of music. The boy began performing in concerts at almost 5 years old, and at the age of 7 he already entered the class of the famous Polish pianist of that time, Wojciech Zywny. Five years later, Frederick turned into a real virtuoso pianist, whose technical and musical skills were not inferior to adults.

In parallel with his piano lessons, Frederic Chopin began taking composition lessons from the famous Warsaw musician Jozef Elsner. In addition to education, the young man travels a lot around Europe, visiting opera houses Prague, Dresden, Berlin.

Thanks to the patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill, the young musician became accepted into high society. The talented young man also visited Russia. His performance was noted by Emperor Alexander I. As a reward to the young performer was given a diamond ring.

Music

Having gained impressions and first experience as a composer, at the age of 19 Chopin began his pianistic career. The concerts that the musician holds in his native Warsaw and Krakow bring him enormous popularity. But the very first European tour that Frederic undertook a year later turned out to be a separation from his homeland for the musician.

While in Germany giving performances, Chopin learns about the suppression of the Polish uprising in Warsaw, of which he was one of the supporters. After such news, the young musician was forced to stay abroad in Paris. In memory of this event, the composer wrote his first opus of etudes, the pearl of which was the famous Revolutionary Etude.

In France, Frederic Chopin performed mainly in the homes of his patrons and high-ranking acquaintances. At this time, he composed his first piano concertos, which he successfully performed on the stages of Vienna and Paris.

An interesting fact in Chopin’s biography is his meeting in Leipzig with the German romantic composer Robert Schumann. After listening to the performance of a young Polish pianist and composer, the German exclaimed: “Gentlemen, take off your hats, this is a genius.” In addition to Schumann, his Hungarian follower Franz Liszt became a fan of Frederic Chopin. He admired the work of the Polish musician and even wrote a large research work about the life and work of his idol.

Creativity flourishes

Thirties XIX century become the heyday of the composer’s creativity. Inspired by the poetry of the Polish writer Adam Mickiewicz, Fryderyk Chopin creates four ballads dedicated to his native Poland and worries about its fate.

The melody of these works is filled with elements of Polish folk songs, dances and recitative cues. These are unique lyrical and tragic pictures from the life of the people of Poland, refracted through the prism of the author’s experiences. In addition to ballads, 4 scherzos, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises and nocturnes appeared at this time.

If the waltz in Chopin's work becomes the most autobiographical genre, closely connected with the events of his personal life, then the mazurkas and polonaises can rightfully be called a treasure trove of national images. Mazurkas are represented in Chopin's work not only by famous lyrical works, but also by aristocratic or, conversely, folk dances.

The composer, in accordance with the concept of romanticism, which appeals primarily to the national self-consciousness of the people, uses characteristics of Polish music to create his musical compositions. folk music sound and intonation. This is the famous bourdon, imitating the sounds of folk instruments, this is also a sharp syncopation, which is skillfully combined with the dotted rhythm inherent in Polish music.

Frederic Chopin also opens up the nocturne genre in a new way. If before him the name of the nocturne primarily corresponded to the translation “night song,” then in the work of the Polish composer this genre turns into a lyric-dramatic sketch. And if the first opuses of his nocturnes sound like lyrical description nature, then the latest works delve deeper into the sphere of tragic experiences.

One of the peaks of the mature master’s creativity is considered to be his cycle, consisting of 24 preludes. It was written during the critical years of Frederick’s first love and breakup with his beloved. The choice of genre was influenced by Chopin’s passion for the work of J. S. Bach at that time.

Studying the immortal cycle of preludes and fugues by the German master, the young Polish composer decided to write a similar work. But for the romantic, such works received a personal touch of sound. Chopin's preludes are, first of all, small but deep sketches of a person's inner experiences. They are written in the style of a musical diary popular in those years.

Chopin teacher

Chopin's fame is due not only to his composing and concert activities. The talented Polish musician also proved himself to be a brilliant teacher. Frederic Chopin is the creator of a unique pianistic technique that has helped many pianists achieve true professionalism.

Adolf Gutmann was a student of Chopin

In addition to talented students, many young ladies from aristocratic circles studied with Chopin. But of all the composer’s wards, only Adolf Gutmann truly became famous, who later became a pianist and music editor.

Portraits of Chopin

Among Chopin's friends one could meet not only musicians and composers. He was interested in the work of writers, romantic artists, and aspiring photographers who were fashionable at that time. Thanks to Chopin's diverse connections, many portraits remained, painted by different masters, the most famous of which is considered to be the work of Eugene Delacroix.

Portrait of Chopin. Artist Eugene Delacroix

Painted in a romantic manner unusual for that time, the portrait of the composer is now kept in the Louvre Museum. At the moment, photos of the Polish musician are also known. Historians count at least three daguerreotypes, which, according to research, depict Frederic Chopin.

Personal life

Frederic Chopin's personal life was tragic. Despite his sensitivity and tenderness, the composer did not truly experience a feeling of complete happiness from family life. Frederick's first chosen one was his compatriot, young Maria Wodzinska.

After the young people got engaged, the bride’s parents put forward a demand for the wedding to take place no earlier than in a year. During this time, they hoped to get to know the composer better and make sure of his financial solvency. But Frederick did not live up to their hopes, and the engagement was broken off.

The musician experienced the moment of parting with his beloved very acutely. This was reflected in the music he wrote that year. In particular, at this time the famous second sonata appeared from his pen, the slow part of which was called the “Funeral March”.

A year later he was captivated by an emancipated person who was known throughout Paris. The Baroness's name was Aurore Dudevant. She was a fan of the emerging feminism. Aurora, without hesitation, wore a men's suit; she was not married, but was fond of open relationships. Possessing a refined mind, the young lady wrote and published novels under the pseudonym George Sand.

The love story of 27-year-old Chopin and 33-year-old Aurora developed rapidly, but the couple did not advertise their relationship for a long time. None of his portraits show Frederic Chopin with his women. The only painting that depicted the composer and Georges Sand was found torn in two after his death.

The lovers spent a lot of time in the private property of Aurora Dudevant in Mallorca, where Chopin began to suffer from an illness that later led to sudden death. The humid island climate, tense relationships with his beloved and their frequent quarrels provoked tuberculosis in the musician.

Many acquaintances who observed the unusual couple noted that the strong-willed countess had a special influence on the weak-willed Frederick. However, this did not stop him from creating his immortal piano works.

Death

Chopin's health, which deteriorated every year, was finally undermined by the break with his lover George Sand in 1847. After this event, broken morally and physically, the pianist begins his last tour of Great Britain, on which he went with his student Jane Stirling. Returning to Paris, he gave concerts for some time, but soon fell ill and never got up again.

Close people who were close to the composer throughout his last days were his beloved younger sister Ludvika and French friends. Frederic Chopin died in mid-October 1849. The cause of his death was complicated pulmonary tuberculosis.

Monument at the grave of Frederic Chopin

According to the composer's will, his heart was taken out of his chest and taken to his homeland, and his body was buried in a grave in the French cemetery of Père Lachaise. The cup with the composer’s heart is still walled up in one of the Catholic churches of the Polish capital.

The Poles love Chopin so much and are proud of him that they rightfully consider his work national treasure. Many museums have been opened in honor of the composer; in every city there are monuments to the great musician. Frederic's death mask and a cast of his hands can be seen in the Chopin Museum in Żelazowa Wola.

Facade of Warsaw Chopin Airport

Many musical scores have been named in memory of the composer. educational institutions, including the Warsaw Conservatory. Since 2001, a Polish airport located in Warsaw has been named after Chopin. It is interesting that one of the terminals is called “Etudes” in memory of the immortal creation of the composer.

The name of the Polish genius is so popular among music connoisseurs and ordinary listeners that some modern musical groups They take advantage of this and create lyrical compositions that are stylistically reminiscent of Chopin’s works, and attribute his authorship to them. So in the public domain you can find musical pieces called “Autumn Waltz”, “Waltz of Rain”, “Garden of Eden”, the real authors of which are the group “Secret Garden” and composers Paul de Senneville and Oliver Toussaint.

Works

• Concertos for piano and orchestra - (1829-1830)
• Mazurkas - (1830-1849)
• Polonaises - (1829-1846)
• Nocturnes - (1829-1846)
• Waltzes - (1831-1847)
• Sonatas - (1828-1844)
• Preludes - (1836-1841)
• Sketches - (1828-1839)
• Scherzo - (1831-1842)
• Ballads - (1831-1842)

😉 Greetings to art lovers and site guests! The article “Frederic Chopin: biography, facts and video” is about the life of the famous Polish composer and pianist. Here you can listen to the works of the brilliant composer.

At a party dedicated to his departure for a tour to Vienna, friends solemnly presented Frederick with a cup of earth - to make it easier to endure separation from his homeland. He considered it a good joke - he was leaving for a short time.

The same cup with the native land will be brought nineteen years later. On the day of his funeral, his heart will return to the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris, and to Poland, according to the last will of the genius. The column of the Warsaw church in which it is walled up will become a place of pilgrimage for millions of admirers of his talent from all over the world.

Biography of Frederic Chopin

Frederic Franciszek Chopin was born near Warsaw on March 1, 1810 into an intelligent and very musical Polish-French family. My mother played the piano and sang beautifully. The father was an excellent musician - according to legend, he played the violin even at the time of his son’s birth.

The house in Zelazowa Wola where Frederic Chopin was born

As befits a true genius, the child showed extraordinary abilities very early. As a five-year-old kid Having not yet mastered musical notation, he picked out folk melodies and simple pieces on the piano by ear. At the age of seven he gave his first concert. All of Poland started talking about him. This is where Chopin's two geniuses are very similar.

The audience admired the amazing, “Polish” music of the young composer, and even more his virtuoso playing.

By the age of twenty, Chopin was considered the best Polish pianist. He successfully graduated from the Lyceum and Higher Music School. He was fluent in German and French and was an excellent drawer.

He was a welcome guest in fashionable aristocratic salons. High society from all over the country came to listen to new works by the “spirit and soul of the piano.”

In 1829, his first performance abroad took place. Grand success and enthusiastic reception given young pianist spoiled by the Viennese public, inspired him to go on a longer concert tour.

In the late autumn of 1830, Frederick set off to conquer Europe. Two weeks after his departure, an uprising broke out in Poland and was brutally suppressed. Repression began and returning home became impossible.

Paris

Instead of Warsaw, in 1831 he came to Paris - the city he had dreamed of since childhood. A new life began, if not very happy, then at least quite prosperous. The first concert of the “piano poet” was a great success.

Airy mazurkas, sophisticated etudes, proud polonaises, solemn funeral marches, romantic ballads, sad nocturnes and inexpressibly beautiful waltzes - unusual, unusual music surprised and fascinated. The manner of the game evoked mystical awe.

The composer's best works were written. His listeners idolized him and made friends with him famous poets, musicians, artists.

Publication of works, private lessons for “high-ranking” students, rare public and frequent salon concerts, and performances for crowned heads made it possible to lead a secular lifestyle without particularly worrying about money. Everything would have been fine if it weren’t for the painful homesickness that gave me no peace.

Chopin and George Sand

And also love - a soul-exhausting ten-year relationship with a “poisonous plant” - the famous writer George Sand. The novel ended in a painful breakup, which ultimately drove the composer to his grave, aggravating his lung disease.

Amandine Aurora Lucille Dupin, pseudonym - George Sand (1804-1876)

He died young - at 39 years old, in October 1849. Chopin expressed the main mood of all his works in one word - “pity.” And, really, it’s a pity that he died so early, didn’t manage to do much, lived in a foreign land, was unhappy.

On the other hand, if there had not been a minor in his life, humanity would have lost his most piercing and reverent works. “Only he creates in whom the heart cries...”

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The life and work of Frederic Chopin

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The most intimate, “autobiographical” genre in Chopin’s work is his waltzes. According to Russian musicologist Isabella Hitrik, the connection between Chopin’s real life and his waltzes is extremely close, and the collection of the composer’s waltzes can be considered as a kind of “lyrical diary” of Chopin. Chopin was distinguished by restraint and isolation, so his personality is revealed only...

The life and work of Frederic Chopin ( essay, coursework, diploma, test)

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1.Biography

1.1 Origin and family

1.2 Childhood and adolescence

2.Creativity

2.1 Memory

3. Works Conclusion List of used literature Introduction Frederic Francois Chopin was born on March 1 (according to other sources, February 22) 1810 in the village of Zhelazova Wola, near Warsaw. Died October 17, 1849 in Paris. Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.

Due to the fact that Poland ceased to exist as a state back in 1795, and Warsaw, as a result Napoleonic Wars, was located on territory that became part of the Russian Empire, Chopin, before leaving for the West, lived on territory that was part of Russian Empire. The exception is the first years of life, up to May 3, 1815. At this time, this territory was part of the Duchy of Warsaw, a vassal of the French Empire.

Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned a scherzo into independent work. Enriched the harmony and piano texture; combined classical form with melodic richness and imagination.

Among Chopin's works are 2 concertos, 3 sonatas, fantasies, 4 ballads, 4 scherzos, impromptu, nocturnes, etudes, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, preludes and other works for piano. There are also songs. His piano performance combined depth and sincerity of feelings with grace and technical perfection.

In 1830, news arrived of an uprising for independence in Poland. Chopin dreams of returning to his homeland and taking part in the battles. The preparations were completed, but on the way to Poland he was met with terrible news: the uprising was suppressed, the leader was captured. Chopin deeply believed that his music would help his native people achieve victory. “Poland will be brilliant, powerful, independent!” - so he wrote in his diary. Last concert Frederic Chopin's public performance took place on November 16, 1848 in London. The composer bequeathed that his heart be transported to Poland after his death.

1.Biography

1.1 Origin and family The composer’s father, Nicolas Chopin, married a distant relative of the Skarbkovs, Juliana Kirudzhina, in 1806. According to surviving evidence, the composer's mother received good education, spoke French, was extremely musical, played the piano well, and had a beautiful voice. Frederick owes his first musical impressions to his mother, who was instilled with a love of folk melodies from infancy. In the autumn of 1810, some time after the birth of his son, Nicolas Chopin moved to Warsaw. At the Warsaw Lyceum, thanks to the patronage of the Skarbkovs, for whom he was a tutor, he received a place after the death of the teacher, Pan Maheu. Chopin was a teacher of French and German languages ​​and French literature, and ran a boarding school for lyceum students.

The intelligence and sensitivity of the parents united all family members with love and had a beneficial effect on the development of gifted children. In addition to Frederic, there were three more sisters in the Chopin family: the eldest - Ludwika, married to Jedrzejevich, who was his especially close and devoted friend, and the younger ones - Isabella and Emilia. The sisters had versatile abilities, and Emilia, who died early, had outstanding literary talent.

1.2 Childhood and youth Already in his childhood, Chopin showed extraordinary musical abilities. He was surrounded special attention and care. Like Mozart, he amazed those around him with his musical “obsession,” his inexhaustible imagination in improvisations, and his innate pianism. His sensitivity and musical impressionability manifested themselves vigorously and unusually. He could cry while listening to music, jump up at night to pick out a memorable melody or chord on the piano.

In its January issue for 1818, one of the Warsaw newspapers published a few lines about the first musical piece composed by a composer who studied in elementary school. “The author of this “Polonaise,” the newspaper wrote, “is a student who is not yet 8 years old. This is a true genius of music, with the greatest ease and exceptional taste. Performing the most difficult piano pieces and composing dances and variations that delight connoisseurs and connoisseurs. If this prodigy had been born in France or Germany, he would have attracted more attention."

Young Chopin was taught music by entrusting him high hopes. Pianist Wojciech Zywny, a Czech by birth, began studying with a 7-year-old boy. The classes were serious, despite the fact that Chopin, in addition, studied at one of the Warsaw schools. The boy's performing talent developed so quickly that by the age of twelve, Chopin was on par with the best Polish pianists. Zhivny refused to study with the young virtuoso, declaring that he could teach him nothing more.

After graduating from college and completing his seven-year studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Joseph Elsner.

The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the Chetvertinsky princes brought Chopin into high society, which was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners. Here is what Franz Liszt said about this: “The general impression of his personality was quite calm, harmonious and, it seemed, did not require additions in any comments. Blue eyes Chopin shone with more intelligence than they were shrouded in thoughtfulness; his soft and subtle smile never turned bitter or sarcastic. The subtlety and transparency of his complexion captivated everyone; he had curly blond hair, a slightly rounded nose; he was small in stature, fragile, thin in build. His manners were refined and varied; the voice is a little tired, often muffled.

His manners were full of such decency, they had such a stamp of blood aristocracy that he was involuntarily greeted and received like a prince... Chopin brought into society that evenness of spirit of people who are not bothered by worries, who do not know the word “boredom”, who are not attached to no interests. Chopin was usually cheerful; his caustic mind quickly found the funny even in such manifestations that not everyone notices.”

Trips to Berlin, Dresden, Prague, where he attended concerts of outstanding musicians, contributed to his development. In 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna and Krakow, performing his works. Returning to Warsaw, he left it forever on November 5, 1830. This separation from his homeland was the cause of his constant hidden grief - longing for his homeland. Added to this at the end of the thirties was his love for George Sand, which gave him more grief than happiness in addition to parting with his fiancée. Having passed Dresden, Vienna, Munich, he arrived in Paris in 1831. On the way, Chopin wrote a diary (the so-called “Stuttgart Diary”) reflecting his state of mind during his stay in Stuttgart, where he was overcome by despair due to the collapse of the Polish uprising. During this period, Chopin wrote his famous “Revolutionary Etude”. Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. It was a complete success. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely quickly. There were composers who did not recognize his talent, such as Kalkbrenner and John Field, but this did not prevent Chopin from gaining many loyal fans, both in artistic circles and in society. The love for teaching music and pianism was distinctive feature Chopin, one of the few great artists who devoted much time to this.

In 1837, Chopin felt the first attack of lung disease (according to the latest data - cystic fibrosis). The connection with Georges Sand coincides with this time. Staying in Mallorca with George Sand had a negative impact on Chopin's health; he suffered from bouts of illness there. However, many greatest works, including 24 preludes, were created on this Spanish island. But he spent a lot of time in the countryside in France, where George Sand had an estate in Nohant.

A ten-year cohabitation with George Sand, full of moral trials, greatly undermined Chopin’s health, and the break with her in 1847, in addition to causing him significant stress, deprived him of the opportunity to relax in Nohant.

Wanting to leave Paris for a change of scenery and expand his circle of acquaintances, Chopin went to London in April 1848 to give concerts and teach. This turned out to be his last journey. Success, a nervous, stressful life, the damp British climate, and most importantly, a periodically worsening chronic lung disease - all this completely undermined his strength. Returning to Paris, Chopin died on October 5, 1849.

The entire musical world deeply mourned Chopin. Thousands of fans of his work gathered at his funeral. According to the wishes of the deceased, at his funeral famous artists At that time, Mozart’s “Requiem” was performed, a composer whom Chopin valued above all others (and his “Requiem” and the “Jupiter” symphony were his favorite works), and his own Prelude No. 4 (in E minor) was also performed. At the Père Lachaise cemetery, Chopin's ashes rest between the graves of Cherubini and Bellini. Chopin's heart was, according to his will, sent to Warsaw, where it was walled up in a column of the Church of the Holy Cross.

2.Creativity In polonaises and ballads, Chopin talks about his country, Poland, about the beauty of its landscapes and tragic past. In these works he uses the best features of the folk epic. At the same time, Chopin is extremely original. His music is distinguished by its bold imagery and never suffers from whimsicality. After Beethoven, classicism gave way to romanticism, and Chopin became one of the main representatives of this trend in music. If reflection is felt somewhere in his work, it is probably in the sonatas, which does not prevent them from being high examples of the genre. Often Chopin reaches the heights of tragedy, as, for example, in the funeral march in the sonata op. 35, or appears as a wonderful lyricist, as, for example, in Larghetto from the second piano concerto.

TO the best works Chopin can be classified as etudes: in them, in addition to technical exercises, which before Chopin were the main and almost the only purpose of this genre, an amazing poetic world is revealed to the listener. These studies are distinguished either by youthful impetuous freshness, such as the ges-dur study, or by drama (studies in f-moll, c-moll). They contain wonderful melodic and harmonic beauties. The etude in cis-minor reaches Beethoven's heights of tragedy.

The most intimate, “autobiographical” genre in Chopin’s work is his waltzes. According to Russian musicologist Isabella Hitrik, the connection between Chopin’s real life and his waltzes is extremely close, and the collection of the composer’s waltzes can be considered as a kind of “lyrical diary” of Chopin. Chopin was distinguished by restraint and isolation, so his personality is revealed only to those who know his music well. Many famous artists and the writers of that time admired Chopin: composers Franz Liszt, Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, Hector Berlioz, singer Adolf Nourri, poets Heinrich Heine and Adam Mickiewicz, artist Eugene Delacroix, journalist Agathon Giller and many others. Chopin also encountered professional opposition to his creative credo: for example, one of his main lifetime competitors, Sigismund Thalberg, according to legend, going out into the street after Chopin’s concert, shouted loudly and responded to the bewilderment of his companion: there was only one piano all evening, so now we need at least a little forte.

Chopin was a brilliant pianist. Simultaneously with F. Liszt, he paved new paths for piano playing, enriched it with unprecedented technical methods. Chopin did not create operas or oratorios; he was not attracted to the symphony orchestra. Almost all of Chopin's works were written for piano. The exception is the youth trio for violin, cello and piano, as well as several pieces for cello, including a sonata for cello and piano. In addition, there are about two dozen charming lyrical songs, mostly created for various occasions. Chopin did not publish his songs, but after the composer’s death, one of his friends collected them and published them in one notebook.

In his youth, Chopin created a number of concert pieces with the accompaniment of a symphony orchestra (among them two piano concertos, Variations on a Theme of Mozart, Fantasia on Polish Themes, Rondo in the spirit of Krakowiak). Later he gave up composing brilliant concert pieces.

The genre-diverse works of his mature creative period are completely new in both content and form.

Polish national dances occupy a prominent place in Chopin's work: mazurkas and polonaises.

Mazurka, or mazur, is a Polish dance in three-beat time, lively movement, with a predominance of jumping steps. Mazurkas are characterized by rhythmic fragmentation of the strong beat, as well as capricious variability of accents: very often they are located on the weak beats of the bar. Chopin composed his first mazurkas at the age of 14-15 years. As a rule, these are playful and cheerful pieces in a major key. However, very soon, along with unpretentious plays recreating the atmosphere of a Polish ball, purely lyrical mazurkas appeared, thoughtful, tender or imbued with a passionate impulse. Some of them have a subtle psychological quality, for example the very last Mazurka in F minor, composed by Chopin shortly before his death (Op. 68, No. 4). Some of the mazurkas are a kind of pictures of rural folk life, lively sketches from nature. Their simply cheerful or touchingly lyrical melodies seem to sound against the background of folk instrumental tunes. You can hear the sounds of bagpipes and pipes, village violins, and the hum of the “fat Marini” - a homemade double bass (Mazurka in C major, op..

When composing his mazurkas, Chopin relied on the rhythm and character of movement not only of folk mazurs, but also of other rural dances.

In some episodes of his mazurkas, soft waltz-like melodies sound, reminiscent of a village kujawiak or a swift oberek. Very often Chopin's mazurka contains all three of these varieties of Polish folk dances in trilobed size. In total, Chopin wrote about 60 mazurkas. Mazur rhythms can be found in other works of Chopin, in his second Rondo, in the middle parts of the polonaises, in songs (“Desire”, “Party”).

Chopin composed his first polonaises as a child. His youthful polonaises (not included in the main list of works), with their expressive melodiousness and elegant patterning, are akin to the polonaises of the Polish composer of the late 18th - early 19th century, Mikhail Oginsky.

Polonaise, or Polish, became widespread in everyday life in Polish cities from the 16th century. It was a majestic procession in three-beat time, a male “foot dance” of warrior-knights with its characteristic rhythmic fragmentation of the strong beat. In the 18th century, the polonaise became widespread throughout Europe as a ceremonial procession that opened the ball.

Chopin's polonaises during the period of his creative maturity were widely developed poems of a heroic-epic or dramatic nature. F. Liszt rightly wrote that “... the energetic rhythms of polonaises make people tremble and electrify the most inert and indifferent. Most of the polonaises are of a warlike nature; they combine courage and valor with simplicity of expression. They breathe with a calm, conscious strength, a feeling of firm determination... Listening to some of Chopin’s polonaises, it’s as if you see the firm, heavy tread of people speaking with valiant courage against everything that is most unjust in a person’s fate.”

In many polonaises, Chopin talks about the intense dramatic struggle of the Polish people for their national independence, about their desire for victory. In some polonaises, pictures of the greatness of Poland of past centuries come to life, in others there is grief over the great suffering of the people, in their proud, fiery music the call for an unyielding struggle for a better future is vividly felt. Such is the E-flat minor polonaise, in which a harsh, gloomy coloring is combined with enormous internal tension. The rapid dynamic build-up leads to a climax - like an outburst of fiery anger. The music no longer sounds like complaints and cries of despair, but a firm determination to fight.

The brilliant and courageous Polonaise in A-flat major paints a monumental picture of the greatness and glory of the Polish land. In the middle episode, the measured tramp of approaching cavalry seems to be heard. Against this background, militant, jubilant fanfares are heard. One gets the impression of an indomitable, powerful forward movement, capable of sweeping away all obstacles in its path.

Like other composers of the 19th century, Chopin also composed waltzes. He has seventeen of them. Emerging from simple Austrian and German folk dances, the waltz quickly became a favorite European dance in the 19th century. Its whirling “flight” movement immediately attracted the attention of romantic composers. Turning to the waltz, Chopin poeticizes this simple everyday dance. Most of his waltzes are wide-ranging pieces of three-part structure. They are characterized by bright contrasts. They are diverse in their artistic design and images. Some of them are dreamy lyrical with wide melodious melodies (No. 3, 10), others are characterized by rapid whirlwind movement, flight (No. 14). Chopin also composed spectacular concert waltzes (No. 1, 2, 5). During his lifetime, Chopin published eight waltzes. After his death, the waltzes created in his youth were published.

2.1Memory Chopin is one of the main composers in the repertoire of many pianists. Recordings of his works appear in the catalogs of major record companies. Since 1927, the International Chopin Piano Competition has been held in Warsaw. Among its winners were outstanding pianists Lev Oborin, Yakov Zak, Bella Davidovich, Galina Cerny-Stefanska, Maurizio Pollini, Martha Argerich.

In 1934, the Chopin University was founded in Warsaw, which was later transformed into the Chopin Society. Chopin. The Society has repeatedly published works by Chopin and articles about his work.

In 1949-1962. Polish musicologist Ludwik Bronarski published the complete works of Chopin - “Fr. Chopin, Dzieіa wszystkie", PWM, Kraków.

A crater on Mercury is named after Chopin.

In 1960, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Chopin was issued.

In 2001, Okecze Airport (Warsaw) was named after Frédéric Chopin.

On March 1, 2010, the Frederic Chopin Museum was opened in Warsaw after reconstruction and modernization. This event is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous Polish composer and musician.

By resolution of the Sejm of the Polish Republic, 2010 was declared the Year of Chopin.

December 2, 2010 At the Kazakh National Conservatory named after. Kurmangazy (in Almaty) was opened by the Polish Embassy in honor of the Year of Chopin concert hall named after Frederic Chopin.

In 2011 in Russia Irkutsk music college began to bear the name of F. Chopin

3. Works by Chopin composer Mazurka For piano with ensemble or orchestra Trio for piano, violin and cello Op. 8 g-moll (1829)

Variations on a theme from the opera “Don Giovanni” Op. 2 B major (1827)

Rondo a la Krakowiak Op. 14 (1828)

"Grand Fantasia on Polish Themes" Op. 13 (1829-1830)

Concerto for piano and orchestra Op. 11 e-moll (1830)

Concerto for piano and orchestra Op. 21 f minor (1829)

“Andante spianato” and the next “Great brilliant polonaise” Op. 22 (1830-1834)

Cello Sonata Op. 65 g-moll (1845-1846)

Polonaise for cello Op. 3

Mazurkas (58)

Op. 6 - 4 mazurkas: fis-moll, cis-moll, E-dur, es-moll (1830)

Op. 7 - 5 mazurkas: B-dur, A-moll, F-moll, As-dur, C-dur (1830-1831)

Op. 17 - 4 mazurkas: B-dur, e-moll, As-dur, a-moll (1832-1833)

Op. 24 - 4 mazurkas: g-moll, C-dur, A-dur, b-moll

Op. 30 - 4 mazurkas: c-moll, h-moll, Des-dur, cis-moll (1836-1837)

Op. 33 - 4 mazurkas: gis-moll, D-dur, C-dur, h-moll (1837-1838)

Op. 41 - 4 mazurkas: cis-moll, e-moll, H-dur, As-dur

Op. 50 - 3 mazurkas: G-dur, As-dur, cis-moll (1841-1842)

Op. 56 - 3 mazurkas: H-dur, C-dur, c-moll (1843)

Op. 59 - 3 mazurkas: a-moll, As-dur, fis-moll (1845)

Op. 63 - 3 mazurkas: H-dur, f-moll, cis-moll (1846)

Op. 67 - 4 mazurkas: G-dur, g-moll, C-dur, No. 4 a-moll 1846 (1848?)

Op. 68 - 4 mazurkas: C-dur, a-moll, F-dur, No. 4 f-moll (1849)

Polonaises (16)

Op. 26 No. 1 cis-moll; No. 2 es-moll (1833-1835)

Op. 40 No. 1 A-dur (1838); No. 2 c-moll (1836-1839)

Op. 44 fis-moll (1840-1841)

Op. 53 As-dur (Heroic) (1842)

Op. 61 As-dur, "Polonaise-Fantasy" (1845-1846)

WoO. No. 1 d-moll (1827); No. 2 B-dur (1828); No. 3 f-moll (1829)

Nocturnes (21 in total)

Op. 9 b-moll, Es-dur, H-dur (1829-1830)

Op. 15 F-dur, Fis-dur (1830-1831), g-moll (1833)

Op. 27 cis-moll, Des-dur (1834-1835)

Op. 32 As-dur (1836-1837)

Op. 37 No. 2 G major (1839)

Op. 48 c-moll, fis-moll (1841)

Op. 55 f-moll, Es-dur (1843)

Op. 62 No. 1 H-dur, No. 2 E-dur (1846)

Op. 72 e-moll (1827)

Op. posth. cis-moll (1830), c-moll

Waltzes (17)

Op. 18 “Great brilliant waltz” Es major (1831)

Op. 34 No. 1 “Brilliant Waltz” As-dur (1835)

Op. 34 No. 2 a-moll (1831)

Op. 34 No. 3 “Brilliant Waltz” F-dur

Op. 42 “Great Waltz” As-dur

Op. 64 No. 1 Des-dur (1847)

Op. 64 No. 2 cis-moll (1846-1847)

Op. 64 No. 3 As-dur

Op. 69 No. 1 As-dur

Op. 69 No. 10 B minor

Op. 70 No. 1 Ges major

Op. 70 No. 2 f-moll

Op. 70 No. 2 Des-dur

Op. posth. e-moll, E-major, a-moll

Preludes (24 in total)

24 Preludes Op. 28 (1836-1839)

Prelude cis-minor op","45 (1841)

Impromptu (4 in total)

Op. 29 As-dur (circa 1837)

Op, 36 Fis-dur (1839)

Op. 51 Ges major (1842)

Op. 66 “Fantasy-impromptu” cis-moll (1834)

Sketches (total 27)

Op. 10 C-dur, a-moll, E-dur, cis-moll, Ges-dur, es-moll, C-dur, F-dur, f-moll, As-dur, Es-dur, c-moll (1828 -1832)

Op. 25 As-dur, f-moll, F-dur, a-moll, e-moll, gis-moll, cis-moll, Des-dur, Ges-dur, h-moll, a-moll, c-moll (1831 -1836)

WoO f-moll, Des-dur, As-dur (1839)

Scherzo (total 4)

Op. 20 h-moll (1831-1832)

Op. 31 b-moll (1837)

Op. 39 cis-moll (1838-1839)

Op. 54 E major (1841-1842)

Ballads (4 in total)

Or. 23 g-moll (1831-1835)

Op. 38 F major (1836-1839)

Op. 47 As-dur (1840-1841)

Op. 52 f-moll (1842)

Piano sonatas (3 in total)

Op. 4 No. 1, c-moll (1828)

Op. 35 No. 2 b-moll (1837-1839).

Or. 58 No. 3 h-moll (1844)

Other Fantasia Op. 49 f-moll (1840-1841)

Barcarolle Op. 60 Fis-dur (1845-1846)

Lullaby Op. 57 Des-dur (1843)

Concert Allegro Op. 46 A major

Tarantella Op. 43 As-dur

Bolero Op. 19 C major

Other works Sonata for cello and piano Op. 65

Songs Op. 74

Conclusion

Chopin's compositional technique is very unconventional and in many ways deviates from the rules and techniques accepted in his era. Chopin was an unsurpassed creator of melodies; he was one of the first to introduce hitherto unknown Slavic modal and intonation elements into Western music and thus undermined the inviolability of the classical modal-harmonic system that had developed by the end of the 18th century. The same applies to rhythm: using the formulas of Polish dances, Chopin enriched Western music with new rhythmic patterns. He developed purely individual - laconic, self-contained musical forms that best suited the nature of his equally original melodic, harmonic, rhythmic language.

Piano pieces of small forms: These pieces can be divided into two groups: predominantly “European” in melody, harmony, rhythm and distinctly “Polish” in color. The first group includes most of the etudes, preludes, scherzos, nocturnes, ballads, impromptu, rondos and waltzes. Mazurkas and polonaises are specifically Polish.

Chopin composed about three dozen etudes, the purpose of which was to help the pianist overcome specific artistic or technical difficulties (for example, in performing passages in parallel octaves or thirds). These exercises belong to the highest achievements of the composer: like Bach's. To the well-tempered clavier, Chopin's etudes - first of all brilliant music, moreover, brilliantly revealing the capabilities of the instrument; didactic tasks fade into the background here and are often not even remembered.

Although Chopin first mastered the genres of piano miniatures, he did not limit himself to them. So, during the winter spent in Majorca, he created a cycle of 24 preludes in all major and minor keys. The cycle is built on the principle “from small to large”: the first preludes are laconic vignettes, the last are real dramas, the range of moods is from complete serenity to violent outbursts. Chopin wrote 4 scherzos: these large-scale pieces, full of courage and energy, occupy an honorable place among the masterpieces of world piano literature. He wrote more than twenty nocturnes - beautiful, dreamy, poetic, deeply lyrical revelations. Chopin is the author of several ballads (this is his only genre of a programmatic nature); his work also includes impromptu and rondo; His waltzes are especially popular.

“Polish” genres: Chopin amazed Paris with his original mazurkas and polonaises, genres that reflected Slavic dance rhythms and the harmonic language typical of Polish folklore. These charming, colorful pieces introduced for the first time a Slavic element into Western European music, which gradually but inevitably changed the harmonic, rhythmic and melodic patterns that the great classics of the 18th century. left to their followers. Chopin composed more than fifty mazurkas (their prototype is a Polish dance with a three-beat rhythm, similar to a waltz) - small pieces in which typical melodic and harmonic turns sound Slavic, and sometimes something oriental is heard in them. Like almost everything Chopin wrote, the mazurkas are highly pianistic and require great skill from the performer - even if they do not contain obvious technical difficulties. Polonaises are larger than mazurkas both in length and texture. The fantasy polonaise and the polonaise known as the “military” polonaise would have been enough to ensure Chopin one of the first places among the most original and skillful authors of piano music.

Large forms: From time to time Chopin turned to large forms musical forms. Perhaps his highest achievement in this area should be considered a well-structured and very convincing in terms of dramaturgical fantasy in F minor, composed in 1840-1841. In this work, Chopin found a model of form that fully corresponded to the nature of the thematic material he had chosen, and thus solved a problem that was beyond the power of many of his contemporaries. Instead of following classical examples of sonata form, he allows the idea of ​​the composition, the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic features of the material to determine the structure of the whole and the methods of development. In the barcarolle, Chopin's only work of this genre (1845−1846), the whimsical, flexible melody in the 6/8 time signature characteristic of Venetian gondolier songs varies against the background of a constant accompaniment figure (in the left hand).

List of used literature Wikipedia [Electronic resource]: scientific. magazine — Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5 %D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA#.D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84. D0.B8.D1.8F

Frederic Chopin [Electronic resource]: scientific. magazine — Access mode: http://fchopin.ru/9.php

My website [Electronic resource]: scientific. magazine — Access mode: http://rughwatcolly.ucoz.ru/news/proizvedenija_shopena_kharakteristika_proizvedenij_shopena/2014−08−06−101

Essay.RF [Electronic resource]: scientific. magazine — Access mode: http://esse.rf/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0 %B0/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5% D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0/p15d44tln166020/

Classical music [Electronic resource]: scientific. magazine — Access mode: http://www.classic-music.ru/zm124.html

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Classics [Electronic resource]: scientific. magazine — Access mode: http://www.classic-musik.com/velikie-kompozitori/41-frederik-shopen

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Frederic Chopin- a brilliant musician with a rare melodic gift, a virtuoso pianist, whose works are distinguished by deep lyricism, clarity, a subtle and sensitive sense of the mood of national songs and dance motifs. This man was able to reinterpret and convey many musical genres, to make various musical genres (prelude, waltz, mazurka, polonaise, ballad, etc.) more romantic and at the same time dramatic. This is a composer who is considered a national treasure, and in whose honor many museums have been opened, monuments have been created, and musical institutions have been named.
On March 1, 1810, in the Polish village of Zhelazova Wola, located near Warsaw, the future musical genius, Frederic Franciszek Chopin, was born. The boy’s parents noticed his interest and ability in music as early as early age and supported him in every possible way. While still a small five-year-old child, Chopin already performed in concerts. And at the age of 7 he was sent to study music with the then famous Polish pianist Wojciech Zhivny. And after just five years of study, Frederick turned into a real virtuoso pianist, in no way inferior to experienced adult musicians. And in 1817 the future composer composes his first piece of music (polonaise).
Since 1819 Chopin played music as a pianist in various aristocratic salons in Warsaw. In 1822 he completes his studies with V. Zivny and goes to study with the famous Warsaw musician Jozef Elsner, from whom he takes composition lessons. In 1823 Frederic goes to study at the Warsaw Lyceum. At the same time, the growing composer travels and visits various opera houses in Prague, Warsaw, and Berlin. He manages to win the favor and patronage of the then influential Polish prince A. Radziwill and become accepted into Polish high society.
1826 was marked for F. Chopin by entering the Main School of Music, located in Warsaw. While studying at this conservatory, the talented young man composed a number of plays, including Variations for piano and orchestra (Mozart’s opera “Don Giovanni”), First Sonata, etc. Having graduated in 1829. training, the young man performs in concerts as a pianist in Krakow and Warsaw, also performing his own works. These performances were a huge success and brought the young talent well-deserved popularity both among listeners and in musical circles.

In 1830 the musician goes on a tour to Berlin and Vienna. And these performances were also crowned with unprecedented success. But in the same year, in the pianist’s homeland, Poland, there was an uprising that ended in defeat. Chopin was a supporter of Polish independence, and this unpleasant news greatly upset the musician. He refused to return to Poland and remained to live in France, where he was recognized as the best pianist of our time. The young man meets the Parisian aristocrats, the musical and artistic elite of France. He travels a lot. In 1835-36. traveled to Germany, 1837 - to England. These years become the heyday of his creative activity.
But Chopin is known to us not only as a brilliant pianist and composer, he also proved himself to be a rather talented teacher. He taught future pianists using his own method, which helped them fully develop their talent and become real virtuosos in the future. At the same time, in 1837. he meets the French writer Georges Sand, a young and fairly emancipated person. Their relationship was not easy and ten years later, in 1847. the couple broke up. The separation did not have the best effect on the health of Chopin, who had been in a relationship since 1837. the first asthma attacks were observed.
In 1848 the composer finally settled in London, where he continued to teach. From concert activities he refused due to poor health. The pianist's last performance took place in November 1848. And in October 1849 the great composer dies of pulmonary tuberculosis.

The question of the birth date of the greatest Polish composer, Frédéric François Chopin, still haunts the minds of his biographers, in contrast to the indisputable recognition of his talent and gratitude for his incredible musical heritage. According to his lifetime records, he was born on March 1, 1810, and according to the official baptism record in the parish church of the city of Brochow - on February 22. The place of birth of the creator is beyond doubt: the town of Zhelazova Wola, in the Masovian Voivodeship, located on the Utrata River, 54 kilometers west of Warsaw. The village belonged at that time to the family of Count Skarbek.

Composer's family

His father, Nicolas, was a native of the Lorraine capital of Marineville, an independent duchy ruled by King Stanislaw Leszczynski of Poland until his death in 1766, when it came under French rule. He moved to Poland in 1787, having a fairly good command of French, German, Polish, the basics accounting, calligraphy, literature and music. In 1806, in Brochow, Nicolas married Justine Krzhizhanovskaya and this marriage turned out to be quite successful and long-lasting. The couple lived together for 38 happy years. A year after the marriage, their first daughter Ludwika was born in Warsaw, a son Fryderyk was born in Zelazowa Wola, and then two more daughters: Isabela and Emilia in Warsaw. The family's frequent moves were due to the political situation in the country. Nicolas worked as a tutor for the children of Duke Skarbek, who, depending on the military situation during Napoleon's war with Prussia and Russia, and later during the Polish-Russian War and until Napoleon's failed attack on Russia, moved from place to place. Since 1810, Nicolas moved his family to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, receiving a teaching position in a comprehensive secondary school. The family's first apartment is located in the Saxon Palace, in the right wing, where the educational institution was located.

Chopin's early years

From an early age, Frederick was surrounded by live music. Her mother played the piano and sang, and her father accompanied her on the flute or violin. According to the recollections of the sisters, the boy showed a genuine interest in the sounds of music. At an early age, Chopin began to demonstrate artistic talent: he painted, wrote poetry, and performed pieces of music without any training. The gifted child began composing his own music, and at the age of seven, some of his early creations had already been published.

Six-year-old Chopin took regular piano lessons from the Czech pianist Wojciech Zivny, who was working as a private teacher at the time and was one of the teachers at his father’s school. Despite the feeling of some old-fashionedness and comedy created by the teacher, Wojciech taught the talented child to play the works of Bach and Mozart. Chopin never had another piano teacher. Lessons were given to him at the same time as his sister, with whom he played four hands.

In March 1817, Chopin's family, together with the Warsaw Lyceum, moved to the Kazimierz Palace, in the right wing. This year the audience heard his first compositions: Polonaise in B - flat major and military march. Over the years, the score of the first march was lost. A year later he was already performing publicly, playing works by Adalbert Girowiec.

In the same year, thanks to the efforts of the parish priest, the polonaise in E minor was published with a dedication to Victoria Skarbek. One of the first marches was performed by a military orchestra during military parades on Saxon Square. Warsaw magazine publishes the first review of creativity young talent, focusing on the fact that at the age of eight the author had all the components of a true musical genius. He not only easily performs the most complex pieces on the piano, but is also a composer with exceptional musical taste, who has already written several dances and variations that amaze even experts. On February 24, 2018, at a charity evening at the Radziwill Palace, Chopin plays. The public warmly welcomes the talented performer, calling him the second Mozart. He begins to actively perform in the best aristocratic houses.

The adolescence of a young composer

In 1821, Frederic wrote a polonaise, which he dedicated to his first teacher. The work became the earliest surviving manuscript of the composer. By the age of 12, the young Chopin completed his studies with Zivny and began studying the fundamentals of harmony and music theory privately with Józef Elsner, founder and director of the Warsaw Conservatory. At the same time, the young man takes German lessons from Pastor Jerzy Tetzner. He attended the Warsaw Lyceum from September 1823 to 1826, and the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel gave him organ lessons in his first year. Elsner, recognizing the fact that Chopin's style was extremely original, did not insist on the use of traditional teaching methods and gave the composer freedom to develop according to an individual plan.

In 1825, the young man performed an improvisation in an evangelical church, on a new instrument invented by Brunner, somewhat reminiscent of a mechanical organ, in front of Alexander I, during his visit to Warsaw. Impressed by the young man's talents, the Russian Tsar gave him a diamond ring. The publication "Polish Herald" noted that all those present listened with pleasure to the sincere, captivating performance and admired the skill.

Subsequently, Chopin would play his works on little-known instruments more than once. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, the composer even composed pieces to be performed on new instruments, but their scores have not survived to this day. Frederick spent his holidays in the city of Torun in northern Poland, where the young man visited the house of Copernicus, as well as other historical buildings and attractions. He was particularly impressed by the famous town hall, the greatest feature of which was that it had as many windows as there were days in the year, as many halls as there were months, as many rooms as weeks, and its entire structure was an incredible example of gothic style. That same year he became the school organist, playing in church on Sundays as an accompanist for the choir. Among the works of this period one can highlight polonaises and mazurkas intended for dancing, as well as his first waltzes. In 1826, he completed his studies at the Lyceum, and in September he began to work under the wing of Rector Elsner, who, as a faculty fine arts is part of the University of Warsaw. During this period, the first signs of health problems appear and Chopin, under the supervision of doctors F. Roemer and V. Maltz, receives prescriptions for treatment, which involve adherence to a strict daily regimen and dietary nutrition. He begins to attend private Italian lessons.

Years of travel

In the fall of 1828, the young man went with his father’s friend Yarotsky to Berlin. There, taking part in the world congress of nature researchers, he draws caricatures of scientists, complementing the images with huge shapeless noses. Frederick also reacts critically to excessive romanticism. However, the trip gave him the opportunity to get acquainted with the musical life of Berlin, which was the main purpose of the trip. Having seen Gaspard Luigi Spontini, Karl Friedrich Zelter and Mendelssohn, Chopin did not speak to any of them because he did not dare to introduce himself. The acquaintance with a number of opera works in the theater left a special impression.

After visiting Berlin, Chopin visited Poznan, where, according to family tradition, was present at the reception of Archbishop Teofil Woricki, a relative of the Skarbeks, known for his patriotism, and at the residence of the governor of the Grand Duchy of Poznan, Duke Radziwill, he plays works by Haydn, Beethoven and improvises. Upon returning to Warsaw, he continued to work under the leadership of Elsner.

At the beginning of winter he takes an active part in musical life Warsaw. At a concert in the house of Friederik Buchholz, he plays "Rondo in C" on two pianos with Julian Fontana. He performs, plays, improvises and entertains in Warsaw salons, periodically giving private lessons. Takes part in amateur productions home theater. In the spring of 1829, Antony Radziwill visited Chopin’s house, and soon the composer composed for him “Polonaise in C major” for piano and cello.

Feeling that Frederick needs to grow and improve professionally, his father turns to the Minister of Public Education Stanislav Grabovsky for a grant for his son so that he can visit foreign countries, in particular Germany, Italy and France, to continue his education. Despite Grabowski's support, his request is rejected by the Minister of the Interior, Count Tadeusz Mostowski. Despite the obstacles, the parents finally send their son to Vienna in mid-July. First of all, he attends concerts and the opera, listens to music performed by the local diva - pianist Leopoldina Blagetka, according to whom Frederick himself is a virtuoso who can cause a furore among the local public.

He made his successful debut on the Austrian stage at the end of 1829. The audience was delighted with his performing technique, complemented by poetic expressiveness. In Austria, Chopin composed a major scherzo, a minor ballad, and other works that fully demonstrated his personal Chopin composition style. In Austria he manages to publish several of his works. That same year he returned home to prepare for a concert tour, this time through Germany and Italy. On February 7, 1830, he presented his Concerto in E minor to family and friends with the accompaniment of a small orchestra.

Life and death in Paris

Over the next few years, Chopin performed widely in European countries, one of which was France. He settled in Paris in 1832 and quickly established friendly relations with young musical talents, among whom were: Liszt, Bellini and Mendelssohn. Nevertheless, longing for the Motherland made itself felt. Eagerly desiring to take an active part in political struggle his people, he could not find a place for himself.

In France, he begins to work in earnest as a private piano teacher. Due to poor health, public appearances became less and less frequent. Nevertheless, he became a prominent figure in Parisian artistic circles. His entourage included musicians, writers and artists, as well as rich and talented women. In the spring of 1836, the disease worsened. Most likely, the lung disease that tormented the composer was rapidly developing tuberculosis.

At a party at the Countess's residence, Chopin first meets the 32-year-old writer Amandine Aurore Dudevant, known as George Sand. At the end of 1837, Sand developed a close relationship with Chopin, who by that time had separated from Maria Wodzinska. Hoping for the healing climate of Spain, Frederic, Georges and her children Maurice and Solange move to Mallorca.

In the villa, among cedars, cacti, oranges, lemons, aloe, figs, pomegranates, under a turquoise sky, by the azure sea, however, there was no improvement. Despite his illness, the composer completed his twenty-four preludes in Mallorca. In February they returned to France. By this time, bleeding began to appear during coughing attacks. After a course of treatment in Paris, the composer's condition improved. According to Sand's impressions, Chopin is so accustomed to having his head in the clouds that life or death means nothing to him and he is poorly aware of what planet he lives on. Georges, realizing the seriousness of her husband’s health issues, devoted her life to children, Chopin and creativity.

After improving their health, the family settled for the summer in the village house of Sand in the town of Nohant, south of Paris. Here Chopin composes the “Nocturne in G Major” and the three mazurkas from opus number 41. He is working on completing the “Ballad in F Major” and the sonata. In the summer he feels unstable, but at every opportunity he rushes to the piano and composes. The composer spends the entire next year with his family. Chopin gives five lessons a day, and his wife writes up to 10 pages a night. Thanks to his reputation and the development of his publishing business, Chopin successfully sells his scores. Rare Chopin concerts bring the family 5,000 francs. The public is eager to hear a great musician.

In 1843, the musician's health continued to deteriorate. He is taking homeopathic treatment. In October 1843, Frederic and his son Sand Maurice returned from the village to Paris, and his wife and daughter stayed for a month in nature. The death, at the age of fourteen in Vienna, in 1845 of his most talented student, Karl Filz, who was universally considered a brilliant pianist and closest in playing style, struck Chopin. The couple spends more and more time in the village. Among the regular guests is Pauline Viardot, whose repertoire Chopin listens to with delight.

Differences in temperament and jealousy interfered with the relationship with Sand. In 1848 they separated. Chopin toured the British Isles, performing in last time November 16, 1848 at the London Guild for Refugees from Poland. In letters to his family, he wrote that if London were not so dark, and the people were not so heavy, and if there were neither the smell of coal nor fogs, he would have learned English, but the English are very different from the French, to whom Chopin got attached. The Scottish fogs did not improve his health. At the beginning of 1849, his last works were published: “Waltz in minor” and “Mazurka in G minor”.

He returned to Paris, his health gradually deteriorating. Sometimes there are decent days when he travels in a carriage, but more often he is tormented by suffocating coughing attacks. He doesn't go out in the evenings. Nevertheless, he continues to give piano lessons.

At two o'clock in the morning on October 17, 1849, at the age of 39, Chopin dies. Poland has lost its greatest musician, and the whole world has lost a true genius. His body was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris, and his heart was taken to the Church of the Holy Cross in Poland, near Warsaw.

Places in Warsaw closely associated with the name of the composer:

• Saxon Palace;
• Kazimierz Palace;
• Botanical Garden;
• Krasiński Palace;
• Warsaw Lyceum;
• Conservatory;
• University of Warsaw;
• Radziwill Palace;
• Blue Palace;
• Morsztyn Palace;
• National Theatre.

Listen: The Best, Frederic Chopin