Famous artist Francisco de Goya was born on March 30, 1746 in Fuendetodos in Spain. He began his studies of art as a teenager and even spent some time in , to further his skills. In the 1770s, Goya worked in the Spanish royal court. In addition to commissioning portraits of nobles, he created works that criticized social and political problems of his era.
The son of a Guilder, Goya spent part of his youth in Zaragoza. There he began painting at the age of about fourteen. Was a student of Jose Martinez Luzan. He copied the works of great masters, finding inspiration in the work of artists such as Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velazquez and.
Goya later moved to , where he began working with the brothers Francisco and Ramon Bayeu at Subías in their studio. He sought to continue his art education in 1770 or 1771, traveling in Italy. In Rome, Goya studied classics and worked there. He presented the picture in a competition held by the Academy fine arts in the city of Parma. While the judges liked his work, he failed to win the top prize.
Through German artist Anton Raphael Mengs, Goya began creating works for the royal family of Spain. He first drew caricatures of the tapestries, which served as models in the Madrid factory. These works showed scenes from everyday life, such as "The Umbrella" (1777) and "The Pottery Maker" (1779).
In 1779, Goya received an appointment as a painter to the royal court. He continued to rise in status, gaining admission to the Royal Academy of San Fernando the following year. Over time, Goya created a reputation for himself as a portrait painter. The work "The Duke and Duchess of Osuna and their Children" (1787-1788) illustrates this perfectly. He wrote skillfully smallest elements their faces and clothes.
In 1792, Goya became completely deaf and subsequently suffered from an unknown illness. His style has changed somewhat. Continuing to develop professionally, Goya was appointed director of the Royal Academy in 1795, but he never forgot the plight of the Spanish people, and reflected this in his works.
Goya created a series of photographs called "Caprichos" in 1799. Even in my own official work, as researchers believe, cast a critical glance at his subjects. He painted a portrait of the family of King Charles IV around 1800, which remains one of his most famous works.
The political situation in the country subsequently became so tense that Goya voluntarily went into exile in 1824. Despite his poor health, he thought he would be safer outside Spain. Goya moved to Bordeaux, where he spent the rest of his life. Here he continued to write. Some of his later works are portraits of friends and life in exile. The artist died on April 16, 1828 in Bordeaux in France.
Francisco Goya (1746-1828) - spanish artist, who went down in the history of his country as great painter, which denied classical foundations and depicted human essence in its real, painfully exposed light, with all its shortcomings and vices.
Francisco Goya: portrait of the artist
A gloomy, slightly puffy face, a thoughtful, wary and heavy gaze full of sarcasm, looking menacingly from under the eyebrows, a large head - this is how the viewer sees the artist in a self-portrait.
This is how he was in life - a master of the brush, a tired man who changed his mind a lot and fundamentally comprehended the realities of the existence of ordinary people. Having looked soberly and carefully at the world around him, Goya saw the lies, stupidity, hypocrisy, and superstition dominating it, which, indignantly, he captured in his works. Francisco Goya's paintings are a loud satire on society with its flaws and weaknesses.
During his lifetime, the talented Spaniard was not known outside his country. For the rest it was opened at mid-19th centuries of French romantics, who were interested in the fantasy of his creations. Assessments of Goya's work have changed several times. For modern connoisseurs of beauty, he is not only the creator of images that impress with their fantastic nature, but also great master real art. You either accept or don’t accept Francisco Goya’s paintings; in any case, the viewer will not remain indifferent.
The artist's early work
In his younger years, the talented Spaniard painted differently, weaving into his own creations the wonderful poetry of the nascent individual style- Francisco Goya style. The paintings he created fully convey the magic of a brush that has realized its power and enjoys it. The work “Umbrella” - example early creativity artist - attracts the eye with the play of colors, every stroke, the flexible grace of a woman, rich and bold tints color palette, fabulous lighting and some kind of almost musical coherence of the composition. The craftsmanship of this creation (the pinnacle of early Goya) is crystal clear, the atmosphere is still cloudless, as well as early years talented Spaniard.
Stories about Goya's early life are more reminiscent of the exciting legends of which he was the central figure. In Zaragoza, the young man was subject to the Inquisition because of the fight he started. In Madrid, Francisco was found bleeding with a knife in his back, he roamed the expanses of Spain with wandering bullfighters, in Italy - a country where the painter honed his ability to draw for several years - he climbed the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral and walked along the cornice around the tomb of Cecilia Metellas.
Paintings by Francisco Goya: a look at the inner world of society
Francisco Goya created an amazing series of etchings “Caprichos” (1793-1797), consisting of 83 works that maximally convey the spirit of freedom and reality, which he described briefly and accurately: “The world is a masquerade in which everyone deceives, they want to appear to be the wrong person, who they really are. Nobody knows themselves." Francisco José de Goya, whose paintings make you think about a time long past, is a man who knew how to see deeper than everyday life, who brings humanity through his works, who was the first to hear the growing noise of the new time, who fought against all lies and is looking for the foundation on which a better future should be built own people.
Francisco Goya was patronized by the most noble Spanish aristocrats. He became a member of the arts, then its vice-director, and later director of the painting department. In 1786, Francisco Goya was appointed court painter.
Francisco Goya: famous paintings
A brilliant portrait painter who gained official fame in this genre in the 80s XVIII century, in 1792, Francisco Goya became seriously ill, which led to complete deafness. It was during this difficult period that art became his only refuge. The artist began to avoid people and completely withdrew into himself, continuing to paint portraits.
Francisco Goya’s first paintings in this genre were ceremonial (“Charles III on the hunt”), over time they acquired lightness and palpable irony in relation to the models (“Marquise Anna Pontejos”, “Family of the Duke of Osuna”). The artist’s new vision of reality and his critical approach to it can be traced in more later works masters For example, “Portrait of the Royal Family” (1800) depicts his loved ones, whose prim and arrogant faces the artist did not even try to embellish. The master reliably conveys the repulsive appearance, spiritual poverty and insignificance of the ruling elite, without hiding his hostility towards the Spanish monarchs.
Francisco Goya survived terrible years occupation of Spain by Napoleonic troops, witnessing the brutal massacres of the invaders against the civilian population. It was these events that served as the basis for the creation of such works as “Execution on the night of May 2-3, 1808”, “Uprising of May 2 at Puerta del Sol”.
Goya worked until the very last day. One of his final works was an old man on crutches with the caption: “I’m still learning.” The artist died of paralysis, during the period of the birth of the new Having, at the turn of two centuries, completely new look to the world around him, which rejected old prohibitions and illusions, Goya was able to convey in his work with great reliability all the complexity and contradictions of his time.
Life and worksstrange,paradoxicaland gloomy, Francisco Goya are shrouded in legends that were created by descendants amazed by his images, worlds, trying to describe the life of Francisco Goya from the paintings, drawings, and engravings of the master.
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was born on March 30, 1746 in a village lost among the Aragonese rocks in northern Spain.small villageFuendetodo-se. The family of master gilder Jose Goya had three sons: Francisco was the youngest. One of his brothers, Camillo, became a priest; the second, Thomas, followed in his father's footsteps. The Goya brothers managed to obtain a very superficial education, and therefore Francisco wrote with errors all his life. By the end of the 1750s the family moved to Zaragoza.
Around 1759 Francisco was apprenticedand to local artist José Lu San y Martinez. The training lasted about three years. Most of the time, Goya copied engravings, which could hardly help him comprehend the basics of painting. True, Francisco received his first official order precisely during these years - from the local parish church. It was a shrine for storing relics.
In 1763, Goya moved to Madrid, where he tried to enter the Royal Academy of San Fernando. Having failed, the young artist did not give up and soon became a student of the court painter Francisco Bai-eu.
José de Urrutia (1739 - 1809) - one of the most prominent Spanish military leaders and the only army officer of non-aristocratic origin in the 18th century who reached the rank of captain general - is depicted with the Order of St. George, which was awarded to him by the Russian Empress Catherine the Great for his participation in the capture of Ochakov in during the Crimean campaign of 1789.
In 1773, Goya married Josefa Bayeu. This contributed to his approval in art world of that time. Josefa was the sister of Francisco Bayeu, who enjoyed considerable influence.Goya and Josepha had several children, but all of them, with the exception of Javier (1784-1854), died in infancy. This marriage continued until Josepha's death in 1812.
In 1780, Francisco Goya was finally accepted into the Royal Academy of San Fernando. In 1786, Goya became a court artist, and 5 years later the first court painter of the Spanish king, repeating the fate of Velazquez, whom he worshiped.
Portrait of Carlos IV with his family, 1801.
Goya's main work in a new quality ceremonial portrait Carlos IV and his family will be an interpretation of "Las Meninas" by the 17th century master. Again, figures dressed in ceremonial court robes emerge from the twilight of the canvas, the artist looks at us from behind the easel... but the faces of those being portrayed, the faces of a degenerating dynasty, the faces of court dwarf jesters of the era of Velazquez, are not the faces of kings. Actually, one of the figures, the bride of the crown prince, has no face at all, but there are no dark hints, secrets or mysteries in this. It’s just that at the time the portrait was created, her candidacy had not yet been decided. Later, either Goya himself or his successor should have included her face in the finished image, but for some reason this did not happen. 
At the age of 46, Goya was suddenly struck by a serious and mysterious illness, accompanied by blindness, paralysis and almost complete madness. Having recovered from his illness, the artist became completely deaf. For the rest of his life, he heard only a vague noise, and he was constantly overcome by fears that he would not have time to accomplish everything he had planned.
After his illness, dark, ominous notes and what he himself called “fantasies and inventions” began to appear more and more clearly in Goya’s work. His painting style also changed - his brushwork became simpler and more “fluid”, as the artist said: “I don’t count the hairs on the head of a random passer-by... My brush doesn’t need to see more than I see myself.”
The sleep of reason gives birth to monsters
A deep personal tragedy did not prevent the master from acquiring two new patrons. They became the Duke and Duchess of Alba. The dazzlingly beautiful and energetic duchess spared no time and effort in open hostility with her high-born rivals - the Duchess of Osuna and Queen Maria Louise. Goya became frequent guest in the house of Alba, and after the death of the Duke in 1796, he went with the young widow to her Andalusian estate, and social gossips were not slow to declare them lovers. In any case, it was the Duchess of Cayetana who inspired the master to create two of his most famous and controversial masterpieces - “Clothed Mahi” and “Naked Mahi”. Goya completed them a few years later and immediately appeared before the Inquisition, because nudity in Spanish art was prohibited. Only by miracle did he manage to avoid prison and keep the name of the model a secret.
Meanwhile, the first series of etchings by the master, “Caprichos” (“Whims”), saw the light of day, cruelly ridiculing human weaknesses and prejudices. Each sheet of the series is full of vile creatures, witches and other undead creatures generated by Goya's rich imagination and the patriarchal culture to which he once belonged. The central page - “The sleep of reason gives birth to monsters” - shows that terrible escheat world, which, as Goya feared, could devour a person who does not heed the voice of reason, and turn him into a stupid, bloodthirsty beast.
In 1808, Napoleon's army invades Spain. A long and bloody guerrilla war (guerrilla war) began. In 1814, after the expulsion of the French, Goya would paint the famous execution of the rebels and the "Uprising on Puerto del Sol", the participants of which die in the famous composition. Both paintings were participants in a solemn procession in honor of the liberation of the Pyrenees from the invaders, but the war, which began as a liberation war, very quickly grew into a terrible one. civil war, a war of all against all. The pictures of these years are a world of darkness, horror, fear. Here the light does not dispel the nightmares. Nightmares have become reality. Famous frescoes"Houses of the Deaf" - the apotheosis of Goya's "black painting". Terrible visions of demons, gods and titans. A ray of hope is a rare guest in this kingdom of darkness.
With the light (more precisely ideological) hand of domestic critics, “Execution of the rebels on the night of May 3, 1808” became for us main picture Spanish painter. But this is only one of the many facets of his legacy. Very extensive and more than diverse.
IN recent years In his life, the artist, who fled from the horrors of Spanish reality to France, was able to create more cheerful works, but his fame is not associated with them. He went down in art history as a master of realizing dark dreams and fantasies.
Portrait of Antonia Zarate
Goya spent his last years in Bordeaux, France, where he died on April 16, 1828, at the age of 82. His ashes were transported to his homeland and buried in the Madrid church of San Antonio de la Florida. The same church, the walls and ceiling of which were once painted by an artist.
The work of Francisco Goya is diverse and covers the most different genres. However, nothing strikes the viewer’s imagination as much as the gloomy, disturbing “Black Paintings”, painted by the artist at the end of his life, which forever sink into the memory. Nicolas Poussin
Between 1820 and 1823, Goya decorated two large rooms of his house with a series of paintings that later became known as “blacks” for their dark coloring and subjects reminiscent of nightmares. These works have no analogues in the painting of that time. Some of them are written in religious, others in mythological stories- as, for example, “Saturn devouring his own children.” However, for the most part, these are tragic creations of the artist’s imagination.
These include “Dog,” depicting a dog covered in sand. These scenes are characterized by a brutal and bold style of writing; everything about them reminds of death and futility human life. “Black paintings” adorned the walls of the “House of the Deaf” until the 1870s, after which they were bought by Baron Emil Erlanger, a German banker and art collector. The paintings were transferred from the walls to canvas and exhibited in 1878 in Paris.
In 1881 they were donated to the Prado Museum in Madrid.
www.museum.ru/n26538
I am Goya!
The eye sockets of the craters were pecked out by an enemy,
Flying naked onto the field.
I am grief.
Wars, cities firebrands
In the snow of '41.
I am hunger.
I am the throat
A hanged woman whose body is like a bell
It was hitting my head over the square...
I am Goya!
Oh the grapes
Retribution! He took off in one gulp to the West -
I am the ashes of an intruder!
And drove strong ones into the memorial sky
Stars -
Like nails.
I am Goya.
Andrey Voznesensky
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Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes - great spanish artist, representative of romanticism. Born 1746 in Fuendetodos, near Zaragoza. At the beginning of his artistic career (1780) he was elected to the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, and in 1786 he was appointed court artist and turned out to be the king's first painter. At that time, Goya became widely known as a very skillful portrait painter. The style and character of this artist’s paintings changed dramatically after the Great French Revolution in the early 1790s; moreover, the artist’s condition deteriorated greatly and as a result of his illness, Francisco lost his hearing.
From this moment on, darkness reigns more and more in the artist’s paintings, which is not only the background of his canvases, but also absorbs the figures themselves. He began to use some of Rembrandt's techniques more and depict a certain hopelessness, even mortal horror. Feelings of loneliness, internal conflict, hostility external environment- all this migrated into the painter’s works. Despite this, Goya painted so abstractly and so professionally that his paintings were widely known during his lifetime and are no less famous in our time.
His famous painting The family of King Charles IV (1800) amazed critics and art connoisseurs. No one ever dared to portray courtiers like that. Marie-Louise is depicted in it as imperious and even somewhat repulsive in her unattractiveness, and the artist himself stands in a dark corner, almost in darkness.
In 1797-98, the artist depicted ugliness without any fear political foundations of his homeland. Just look at the painting “Execution of the rebels on the night of May 3, 1808,” which is full of tragedy and injustice. Here there is Goya's personal pain for his Spain, a protest against war and bloodshed. In the picture “ Saturn devouring his children” Goya depicted a merciless time that destroys people thoughtlessly and extremely cruelly - an eerie and bitter grotesque image.
The great Spanish artist painted for seventy years. He spent the last years of his life in Bordeaux, where he died in 1828.
Antonia Zarate
Maha nude
Mahi on the balcony
Portrait of the artist's wife
Tableware seller
Past and present
Water Carrier
Saturn devouring his children
Vintage
Family of King Charles IV
Nothing can touch a person’s soul like the revelation of a great master on his canvas! After all, each picture is emotions and experiences that he shared with the world. Each person, contemplating the paintings, finds in them something special for himself, and this is how an invisible connection arises between the artist and connoisseurs of his talent.
The Great Romantic: Biography of Francisco Goya
Francisco Goya is a famous Spanish artist who represented the romanticism movement in art. The master was born in the small village of Fuendetodos in 1746, in northern Spain. Later the family moved to Zaragoza, and here the journey began talented artist, already at the age of 13 he began to study painting. Goya received his first recognition as an excellent portrait painter, and already in 1786 Francisco was awarded the honor of becoming a court painter and painting for the king.
However, the master’s worldview changed dramatically after French Revolution- these events shocked him, moreover, his health during this period deteriorated sharply, and the creator lost his hearing. From this moment on, the canvases become darker and even frightening; the master transferred his feeling of hopelessness and loneliness to them. These creations quickly gained popularity. The master worked for 70 years and died in 1828 in Bordeaux, France.
Immortal canvases: the best paintings by Francisco Goya
During his life, the artist managed to create many paintings; all of them, without a doubt, are masterpieces and the property of the Spanish people. The most complete collection of works is kept in the Prado Museum in Madrid. However, contemporaries highlight the most successful paintings of the master. They influenced many artists of the time. The most popular canvases:
- "Execution of the rebels on the night of May 3, 1808"
These paintings can be safely called masterpieces that have received wide recognition in our time. Goya wrote all these works, guided both by internal feelings and reflecting the problems of his beloved Spain. Each work is a whole story that the artist told the world.
The canvas was created in the period from 1795 to 1800. Through the image of a charming open swing, the creator conveyed a portrait of a Spanish townswoman of that time. Goya overstepped all the canons and depicted a woman for whom love became the meaning of life. The artist emphasized her attractiveness and temperament - this is exactly the image in Goya’s understanding that was inherent in Spanish ladies. Charm, youth and an irresistible craving for life and love - the master skillfully depicted all this on canvas. “Naked Maha” is a real Spanish Venus! This is exactly how the master assessed spanish women, considering them a model of sensuality and devoted love.
The painting was born between 1797 and 1798. The artist painted the image of his contemporary, who is full of sensual appeal and at the same time “closed” from prying eyes. Charming girl has become a symbol of female inaccessibility, while she is playful and feels her power over a man. The seductive lines of her body hidden under clothes, she attracts and at the same time is filled with dignity and virgin purity. Goya was very fond of emphasizing the contradictions in human nature: the woman in his canvases is always the embodiment of love and passion, but she is proud and unapproachable.
This picture was painted in 1814. It is truly considered an unsurpassed masterpiece. The artist was able to accurately convey the atmosphere terrible violence and injustice against man. The picture reflects his experiences and sincere hatred of the horrors of war. He tragically suffers the death of his compatriots; this creation can be called a real protest of Goya against bloodshed and the existing regime.
The canvas was published in 1800. This group portrait was commissioned from the artist by the king himself. However, in this work Goya was not afraid to reveal all the “secrets” of the royal family. The artist very accurately depicted their life and style of government: rich outfits and luxurious jewelry cannot cover up the emptiness of the soul and the flaws of the body. The master deliberately did not embellish the images, but even emphasized their inconsistency, arrogance and disunity. The master himself is present on the canvas, he stands modestly in a dark corner and contemplates people who are filled with pretense, and their destinies are ruled by deceit and greed. The master himself called this masterpiece a “caricature”, with its irony and truthfulness.
In the period from 1819 to 1823. the master created his creation, which reflected his inner experiences and fear for his country. Goya wrote a real masterpiece in which he reflected all his pain and fear for the fate of Spain, which at that time was experiencing an unsuccessful revolution. Francisco very accurately portrayed the merciless time that devours its “children.” Hopelessness, fear, horror and dead hope are the main themes of this “dark” canvas.
Francisco Goya is great artist, who left a bright mark on art, only he could write such different paintings: beautiful and sensual romanticism and terrifying dark realism.