Timurov movement a mass patriotic movement of pioneers and schoolchildren, the content of which is civic concern for people in need of help. Originated in the USSR in the early 40s. influenced by A.P. Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team” as a movement to help military families. Etc. - an effective (with game elements) form of social useful activity children, promoting their moral education, development of initiative and initiative. During the Great Patriotic War 1941-45 Timurov's teams and detachments operated in schools, orphanages, at palaces and houses of pioneers and other non-school institutions, at the place of residence; in the RSFSR alone there were over 2 million Timurites. Timurites patronized hospitals, families of soldiers and officers Soviet Army, orphanages and kindergartens, helped harvest the harvest, worked for the defense fund; in the post-war period they provide assistance to the disabled, war and labor veterans, and the elderly; care for the graves of fallen soldiers. In the 60s The search work of the Timurites to study Gaidar’s life greatly contributed to the opening of the writer’s memorial museums in Arzamas and Lgov. Using funds collected by Timur's members, a library-museum named after. Gaidar. In the early 70s. For practical guide Timur associations by the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization (See All-Union Pioneer Organization) named after. V.I. Lenin created the All-Union Timur Headquarters under the editorial office of the magazine “Pioneer”, and local republican, regional, district and city headquarters. Traditional gatherings of Timur members are held regularly. In 1973, the 1st All-Union meeting of Timurites (about 3.5 thousand delegates) took place in Artek, which adopted a program for the development of etc. The traditions of etc. found their expression and development in the voluntary participation of children and adolescents in the improvement of cities and villages, nature conservation, and assistance labor collectives adults, etc. Timurov teams and detachments were created in the pioneer organizations of the GDR, People's Republic of Belarus, Poland, Vietnam, Czechoslovakia. Lit.: Ukhyankin S.P., Timur Pioneers, M., 1961; Kamov B.K., Ordinary biography (Arkady Gaidar), M., 1971; Furin S. A., Simonova L. S., Young Timurovites, M., 1975. S. A. Furin.
Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what the “Timurov movement” is in other dictionaries:
It arose in the USSR among pioneers and schoolchildren in the beginning. 1940s under the influence of the story by A.P. Gaidar, Timur and his team. We provided assistance to the families of military personnel and veterans, as well as the elderly, kindergartens, looked after the graves of fallen soldiers, etc... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
It arose in the USSR among pioneers and schoolchildren in the early 1940s. under the influence of A.P. Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team”. We provided assistance to the families of military personnel and veterans, as well as the elderly, kindergartens, looked after the graves of fallen soldiers, etc... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Timurov movement- TIMUROV MOVEMENT, mass patriotic. movement of pioneers and schoolchildren, the goal is to care for people in need of help. At the end of the 1930s. In some pioneer detachments, an initiative arose for patronage of military families, expressing... ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia
movement- , iya, wed. 1. Moving in space in which l. direction. == Progressive movement towards communism. pathet. Titarenko, 6. 2. Social activities, pursuing certain goals. * Revolutionary movement. MAS, vol. 1, 368. ◘ I... Dictionary language of the Council of Deputies
Emblem of the pioneer organization of the USSR Pioneer movement movement of children's communist organizations in the USSR and in other countries. Modeled after the scouting movement, the pioneer movement differed from ... Wikipedia
Children's movement- children's social movement, a set of activities of various children's public organizations and children's public associations; one of the forms of socially significant activities of children and youth. The term children's and... Pedagogical terminological dictionary
Timurovets is a concept from Soviet times, denoting an exemplary pioneer who performs free of charge good deeds for the benefit of socialist society. Derived from Arkady Gaidar’s book “Timur and His Team”, the hero of which, Timur, ... ... Wikipedia
Timurites- members of societies. movements within the framework of the All. pioneer organization named after. V.I. Lenin, primarily in the 1940s. Published in 1940. pov A.P. Gaidar Timur and his team, who set an example of self-organization for children. team without control and... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
Timurovskaya Street runs from Demyan Bedny Street to Ushinsky Street. On October 2, 1970, a new street in the Kalininsky district was named Timurovskaya. “In honor of the patriotic education of pioneers,” the decision stated. IN … St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
ALL-UNION PIONEER ORGANIZATION, mass amateur communist organization of children and teenagers Soviet Union, formed on May 19, 1922, bore the name of V. I. Lenin since 1924; as a single organization ceased operations in the early 1990s... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Timur and his team, Gaidar A.. The story “Timur and his team” was written in 1940 and immediately became a favorite book of millions of young readers, and Timur’s movement - to selflessly help those in need - literally...
The Timur movement arose at the very beginning of the 40s of the twentieth century, immediately after the publication of Arkady Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team.” At first, these were spontaneously formed “teams” (detachments, squads) that helped adults in the same way as was described in the story. This movement reached its greatest flourishing during the war years, when children gained greater independence after their fathers went to the front and began to help the country at war. In the post-war famine of the 40s and 50s, they helped disabled people and families of the dead with housework, raised poultry and rabbits.
In the 60-70s, Timurov’s squads were in every school in the country. In principle, their functions did not change, but their external side became stronger, very reminiscent of the one that Arkady Gaidar opposed in “Timur’s Oath”: in each city there was a “chief Timur”, a city headquarters, and regular ceremonial lines with winning reports. In fact, Timur’s headquarters turned into additional schools of leaders, and in many cases more effective than pioneer squads and school Komsomol organizations, since leadership in Timur’s squads was still aimed at practical matters.
By the end of the 80s, the Timur movement, like the Pioneer and Komsomol movements, had finally become formalized and actually degenerated. Years of crisis of the 90s and beginning of the XXI centuries have passed almost without Timur's movement.
Today the task is to revive and develop the Timur movement in Russia. Is this possible and is it necessary?
For many reasons of a socio-economic and political nature, we were deprived for a long time of an organization designed to raise children and organize their reasonable leisure. This could not but cause a surge in many negative phenomena that began to seriously worry society: increased crime among teenagers and, in particular, the movement of so-called skinheads, fans sports clubs, alcoholism and drug addiction, idle pastime with a bottle of beer in hand, extreme individualism and aggressiveness of some and avoidance of reality in computer games others. To avoid the deepening and expansion of these negative processes, the revival and development of the Timur movement is necessary. It will help organize reasonable and creative leisure time for children and will contribute to raising children in the spirit of national moral values: patriotism, a sense of mercy, compassion and mutual assistance, the desire to work for the good of their neighbors. And this education needs to start as early as possible. It is possible that from older preschool age.
On the other hand, society needs Timur’s movement. As strange as it may seem, we will no longer be able to cope without the help of children. Is the Timur movement, that is, voluntary and free help from children to adults, possible in our mercantile age? Of course, in the form in which it is described in the story “Timur and His Team,” the revival of the Timur movement is practically impossible. The fact is that in those years when Arkady Gaidar’s story was studied at school, for some reason they ignored the fact that the children organized their team during the holidays, in a holiday village, being there not with their parents, but under supervision, and not very tough, grandmother (Nyurka), grandfather (Kolya Kolokolchikov), uncle (Timur), older sister (Zhenya). Leisure, not limited by everyday academic duties, and the absence of petty supervision allowed the children to independently create their own self-governing small organization (team). Modern schoolchildren do not have such unlimited leisure time.
The second thing that makes it difficult to revive the Timur movement in the form it was in the story “Timur and His Team” is precisely what the writer himself considered most effective - the atmosphere of play and mystery. In a modern criminogenic environment, such a game would be perceived with even greater caution, especially since nowadays it is much more likely to fall under the influence of a negative leader, or even a criminal “authority,” than under the influence of a positive one. In order to play such games and avoid the influence of crime, you must first find and train thousands of active teenagers capable of leading Timurov’s teams. Business games and specialized shifts in “I am a Leader” camps, which have experience in many cities, including Arzamas, can help with this preparation. The new Timurs can also be helped in their work by so-called street psychologists, who have been working with teenagers in the West for quite a long time, and now they are trying to introduce this position in our large cities.
The school should also not stand aside from the organization of the Timur movement. But at the same time, there is a danger that class teachers, who had experience in this direction in the 80s, will not be able to avoid the temptation to use “old, proven” methods of work, which at one time led the Timur movement to degenerate into ordinary compulsory education. “working out”, which causes nothing in children except boredom and a feeling of wasted time. The school is faced with the task of finding new forms of organizing Timurov’s work that may be of interest to modern children.
Replacing command-administrative forms with partnerships between adults and children is one of the central tasks in organizing the Timur movement at the present stage.
And another problem that needs to be solved is working with parents. Parents of today's 10-12 year old children, who have survived all the economic and political upheavals and have experienced massive financial pressure mass media who promoted Western values of individualism and personal success at any cost are unlikely to take a favorable view of their children wasting time on “someone else’s uncle.” Class teachers it is necessary to provide for appropriate work with parents.
In the West in last decades There is a volunteer movement of young people (high school students, students) to help those who need it. This movement is also beginning to develop here in Russia. It is also in hometown Arkady Gaidar Arzamas. For example, the youth organization “Cossack Spas” patronizes children at risk, completely voluntarily, at the behest of the heart, free of charge. At the same time, there are still many problems in organizing the volunteer movement that arise from a lack of understanding of the essence of this movement, from “obligations,” and from attempts to get some benefits.
Natalya BELYANKOVA, director of the scientific and methodological center of the Arzamas State Pedagogical Institute named after A.P. Gaidar, candidate of pedagogical sciences
As domestic historians note, in the summer of 1941, Timur’s movement had already covered the entire USSR. A. N. Balakirev in his scientific work According to the research of this organization, he provides statistics characterizing the difference in the attitudes of children towards the Pioneers and Timurovites using the example of Buryatia: there, during the war, the number of Pioneers decreased by 5 times, and the number of Timurov organizations, on the contrary, increased by 3 times and reached 25 thousand people.
The movement of the Timurites in the Great Patriotic War enjoyed great prestige among Soviet children, since it was associated with specific work - the Timurites looked after the families of front-line soldiers, the elderly - they chopped firewood for them, carried water, collected ash and chicken droppings for greenhouses, money and bonds for the construction of the Soviet weapons, paraded over hospitals, gave concerts to the wounded... As A.N. Balakirev wrote, in the Chelyabinsk region alone in 1942-1943 there were over 3 thousand Timurov teams with a total number of 28 thousand people, children took care of 15 thousand families of front-line soldiers. In the Khabarovsk Territory, about a thousand teams of Timurovites were engaged in renovating the homes of families who fought on the fronts of the Second World War, helped in raising small children, weeded vegetable gardens and collected the grown crops, and prepared firewood. IN Voronezh region During the war, more than 50 thousand Timurites acted.
At the beginning of 1942, Timur’s rallies took place in the USSR, where the results of the work of these organizations in the country were summed up. Volunteer Komsomol assistants who acted in besieged Leningrad. In the besieged city, there were 753 teams with 12 thousand Timurites. Leningrad Timurites also took care of the families of front-line soldiers, pensioners and disabled people, purchasing food cards for them, storing fuel and cleaning apartments.
Problem. The legislative act - “Law on Education” - defines that “... education is a purposeful process of upbringing and training in the interests of an individual, society, state...”. It is education that comes first. Education is, first of all, a purposeful process of upbringing. And one cannot but agree with this. My position is this: it is possible to teach science almost always and to almost everyone, but teaching to become a human being is a more difficult task. In this matter in modern school there are disadvantages. Being carried away by all kinds of technology, electronics, and modern educational technologies, we sometimes forget about morality. We educate and train through individual events (Day of Politeness, Mercy, Anti-Smoking Day, etc.), but this is a constant, systemic process. We should always be polite, merciful, healthy image life. And when this becomes a need, and not a momentary necessity, we will be able to say that we have raised a moral and educated person who will do good and people need affairs. There is no doubt that in our time the problem of patriotic education of schoolchildren arises. In previous years, this area of educational activity was underdeveloped. As a result of this, we see a grown-up generation for which the concepts of “Motherland,” “Patriotism,” and “Fatherland” are alien. Therefore they began current problems education of defenders of the Motherland of law-abiding citizens, education of mercy and philanthropy. Patriotic education, like everything else, is primarily the responsibility of class teachers. In the Federal Program of Patriotic Education, the development of the Timur movement is highlighted as a separate line. And this means its importance for society as a whole. For many reasons of a socio-economic and political nature, we were deprived for a long time of an organization designed to raise children and organize their reasonable leisure. This could not but cause a surge in many negative phenomena that began to seriously worry society: increased crime among teenagers and, in particular, the movement of so-called skinheads, fans of sports clubs, alcoholism and drug addiction, idle pastime, extreme individualism and aggressiveness of some and withdrawal from reality into computer games of others. In order to avoid the deepening and expansion of these negative processes, it is necessary to revive and develop the Timur movement, the purpose of which help organize reasonable and creative leisure time for children, promote the upbringing of children in the spirit of national moral values: patriotism, a sense of mercy, compassion and mutual assistance, the desire to work for the good of others. And this education needs to start as early as possible. It is possible that from older preschool age.
Today the task is to revive and develop the Timur movement in Russia. Is this possible and is it necessary? My opinion is the following:necessary, but a number of features should be taken into account:
First, Timur's movement is needed by society. As strange as it may seem, we will no longer be able to cope without the help of children. Is the Timur movement, that is, voluntary and free help from children to adults, possible in our mercantile age? Of course, in the form in which it is described in the story “Timur and His Team,” the revival of the Timur movement is practically impossible. The fact is that the children organized their team during the holidays, in a holiday village, not being there with their parents. Leisure, not limited by everyday academic duties, and the absence of petty supervision allowed the children to independently create their own self-governing small organization (team). SuchModern schoolchildren do not have unlimited leisure.
Second, The school should also not stand aside from the organization of the Timur movement. But there is a danger that class teachers, who had experience in this direction in the 80s, will not be able to avoid the temptation to use “old, proven” methods of work, which at one time led Timur’s movement to degenerate into ordinary compulsory training, “working out ”, which causes nothing in children except boredom and a feeling of wasted time. Stands in front of the schoolthe task is to find new forms of organizing Timurov’s work, which may interest modern children. In my opinion it is:
Business games, specialized shifts in camps"I am a leader" experience of which is available in many cities. The new Timurs can be helped in their work, including by the so-calledstreet psychologistswho have been working with teenagers in the West for quite a long time, and now they are trying to introduce this position in our large cities.
- Replacement of command and administrative formspartnerships between adults and children. This is one of the central tasks in organizing the Timur movement at the present stage.
- Working with parents. Parents of today's 10-12 year olds, who have survived all the economic and political upheavals and have experienced massive pressure from the media, which propagated Western values of individualism and personal success at any cost, are unlikely to take a favorable view of their children wasting time on “someone else’s uncle.” . Class teachers need to provide appropriate work with parents.
. Timurov movement- this is not only a mass patriotic movement of pioneers and schoolchildren, the content of which is civic concern for people in need of help, but also an effective (with game elements) form of socially useful activity for children, contributing to their spiritual, moral, physical, heroic and patriotic education, development of initiative and initiative, socialization of the teenager’s personality.
In our class, the guys have been caring about pensioners and veterans for a long time. Gradually, this voluntary assistance grew into the organization of a rapid response squad. We are often joined by high school students and parents. This year we developed the squad's Charter.
RAPID RESPONSE UNIT (RET)is an association created for boys and girls, fathers and mothers, teachers, everyone who wants to do good and useful deeds, who loves their native land, your people.
The OBR includes children who can rightfully be called kind, friendly, selfless, and sociable.
They love very much do good deeds, actively participate in the life of the school, village, district.
They really don't like when they offend children, do not respect elders, do not take care of their health and harm the environment.
CHARTER
We are members of the OBR WE - children and our adult friends, united by a common desire, a common idea: “Light yourself, light someone else.”
We came together in our squad in order to create good works and do onlygood deeds, do the world around us warmer and kinder.
We are united by FAITH in what is GOOD can save the world.
We set and implement high GOALS:
Involvement in people's concerns and problems;
Providing assistance to those in need;
Showing love and care to native nature and the animal world.
The SPIRIT reigns in our squad...
understanding,
Kindness
Mercy.
Compassion,
Care,
Friendship,
Trust.
We protect:
The weak
Elderly and lonely
Nature.
Our squad is distinguished special relationship:
Shower,
opinions,
One noble cause.
We honor and protect TRADITIONS:
Respect for the older generation: caring for veterans,
In memory of those who gave their lives for their people, for their Motherland,
Friendship: do not leave each other in trouble,
Mutual aid: help everyone in difficult times,
Words and deeds: keep all promises,
Precision: don't be late.
In our squad there are LAWS:
KINDNESS: “Kindness is born of kindness”;
TRUTH: “Where there is truth, there is happiness”;
RESPONSIBILITY: “If not me, then who?!”;
HONOR: “It is not the one who is stronger who is right, but the one who is more honest”;
CONCERNS: “Before you demand attention to yourself, show it to others.”
Here we take care of:
To the person
His health (physical and moral),
Towards relationships
To the beauty and harmony of nature at any time of the year.
Here we always remember that:
Life is the main value.
Mercy is the highest selfless form of love.
Good contributes to the moral improvement of a person and the salvation of his soul.
Our main activity is CARE OF:
Veterans of labor and wars,
Lonely and elderly people
Four-legged and feathered.
In our squad it is allowed:
Do only good deeds
Do only good deeds
Fantasize and make your fantasies come true.
Our team encourages:
Kindness,
Respect,
Hard work,
Love for nature
Healthy lifestyle.
Relationships between adults and childrenin the detachment are built on the basis of mutual assistance and understanding. Good relationships are cherished here.
Adults are helpers and like-minded people for younger ones.
Self-government.
Timurov's work has been going on at our school for many years. It is carried out systematically, and most importantly - with desire. Our work is needed, because elderly people sometimes need not only help, but also just attention. In addition, by communicating with elderly fellow villagers, the children learned a lot about their village, traditions and customs, and also listened to their memories of events of bygone days.
The guys took part in various operations “Snow”, “A Veteran Lives Nearby”, “Salute to Veterans” and “Obelisk”. The guys went to their wards and provided them with all possible help: they cleared the paths of snow, threw snow off the roof, cleaned the room, washed the floor, and carried water.
The expression of the children’s sensitive attitude towards people is manifested not only in helping pensioners in household. Along with this, schoolchildren provide them with moral support: congratulating them on the occasion of the holiday, organizing meetings with war veterans. But won’t the former warrior’s heart beat excitedly when, on Victory Day, the guys congratulate him and present him with a gift made with their own hands?
Along with helping veterans, schoolchildren help animals and birds survive the winter, and in spring and summer they take care of green spaces and look after the school garden.
Conclusion: The work carried out made it possible to verify that extracurricular groups represented by Timurov’s groups significantly influence the degree of growth in demands on each other. In the process of performing Timurov's work, children come into contact with people who have great life experience, worthy and respected in society. They have a huge educational influence on the behavior of young Timurites. The tasks carried out by Timurovites are the acquisition of citizenship, the cultivation of kindness, sensitivity, compassion and empathy, involvement in the affairs of adults, the development of children's initiative; This is the creation of conditions conducive to the formation of a personality capable of independently building their life on the principles of goodness, truth, and beauty.
GENERAL FEE
Alarm Committee
(reception of applications and distribution of cases)
Committee "Patronage"
(Timurov's post)
Committee "Creativity"
(souvenir workshop “Joy”)
“If you undertake to do it, do it well,” he said main character story "Timur and his team." This slogan was taken up by Soviet teenagers throughout the country. Arkady Gaidar's book about a boy who secretly helps the families of soldiers and officers caused an incredible resonance. This is how the first volunteer movement appeared in the Soviet Union - the Timurites.
Volunteers, or volunteers who selflessly help others, have always existed. Special role They began to play in the life of Russia after the October Revolution.
At that time, the ideas of voluntary assistance were actively promoted at the state level. The image of a volunteer who restored the national economy and conquered virgin lands was practically imprinted into the consciousness of young people. Sometimes volunteering acquired a voluntary-compulsory character (as, for example, subbotniks), but often a sincere desire for a new life inspired many to selfless help and altruism.
The most striking phenomenon in the volunteerism of the Union was the Timur movement.
© RIA Novosti Reproduction of an illustration for Arkady Gaidar's book "Timur and His Team"
© RIA Novosti
Where it all began
In 1940, Arkady Gaidar wrote the story “Timur and His Team” about a boy who, with his friends, helped the families of military personnel who had gone to the front.
The image of Timur is so inspiring Soviet schoolchildren that imitators appeared. They organized detachments to help the elderly, families of soldiers and officers.
The first detachment appeared in Klin, near Moscow - it was there that Gaidar created this work. Six teenagers practically became pioneers in the Timur movement.
Then such units appeared throughout the country. Moreover, sometimes two or three similar teams coexisted in one area. Because of this, funny things happened - teenagers chopped wood in one yard several times a day or swept it three times.
Many believe that Arkady Gaidar described the experience of scout organizations at the beginning of the 20th century. Be that as it may, the help of the Timurites turned out to be very timely and necessary. Such detachments helped in orphanages and schools, took patronage over the families of officers and soldiers, worked in the fields, collected scrap metal - there is too much to list. Their work in hospitals deserves special attention, where young activists, on behalf of soldiers, wrote letters and helped medical staff. At the same time, the teenagers continued to go to classes.
Rise, decline and rebirth
During the Great Patriotic War, the Timur movement expanded. We can say that almost all the schoolchildren were involved in it. In 1945, there were about three million Timurites in the Soviet Union.
After the Victory, Timur's men continued to help front-line soldiers, the disabled, the elderly, and looked after the graves of Red Army soldiers. But gradually the enthusiasm of the volunteers began to fade.
Volunteering was revived only during the thaw period - in the 1960s. Then children and adults tried to help each other, and the state began to celebrate their merits - the best were given awards.
Taking it to the next level
During the same period, the Timur movement resumed and acquired all-Union status. Inspired schoolchildren, in addition to the usual assistance, began searching for those missing in action during the war.
In the 1970s, the all-Union headquarters of Timur was formed under the editorship of the Pioneer magazine. And in 1973, the first all-Union rally took place in the Artek camp. Then the program of the Timur movement was even adopted.
Moreover, it went beyond the borders of the USSR - detachments arose in Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and the GDR.
The collapse of the Soviet Union logically led to the liquidation of almost all Soviet undertakings, not excluding the Timur movement.
However, the desire to help cannot be eradicated - after a few years, volunteering gradually begins to revive. The authorities are actively involved in supporting volunteer initiatives. And again, schoolchildren had the opportunity to directly participate not only in the life of their city, but also the whole country.
As before, teenagers help those in need and try to be useful to society.
To be or not to be
“It was, on the one hand, a game, but on the other, we felt like we were involved in something very important and adult,” recalls former Timur member Evgeny.
According to him, youth movements and associations develop respect for older people in teenagers. In addition, responsibility is developed: you take money from people, if you go to a store or pharmacy, you buy exactly what you need.
As psychologists explain, teenagers need to form groups and have a common hobby. It is very important what interests the younger generation will unite.
Much depends on how exactly to present this idea to teenagers. Let me remind you that, according to the book, the Timur movement was formed by the children themselves, without any participation from adults. And such experience of self-organization can only be welcomed in modern conditions, support it, develop it,” notes psychologist Alisa Kuramshina.
According to her, if helping one’s neighbor is the responsibility of every schoolchild, then it should be done very carefully, gently, and presented as a norm of life, without which a person cannot be considered a full-fledged citizen, a member of society.
“By observing these conditions, we can hope that responsibility and care for people will be instilled. The result will be even better if not only schoolchildren, but also their families are involved in this,” says the psychologist.