I was called to sing of your suffering,
The patience of the people is amazing.
(N.A. Nekrasov)
Lesson objectives:
1) educational:
Analyze the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance.”
Summarize knowledge of the works of N.A. Nekrasov.
2) developing :
To develop skills in analyzing a poetic text and understanding the ideological content.
Development of logical and abstract thinking.
3) educational:
1. Form an opinion about Nekrasov as a poet and a person, a personality.
2. To foster citizenship, patriotism, active life position based on the example of the poet’s life and work.
Lesson type : combined.
Methods : verbal (elements of lecture, conversation, messages, recitation),analytical (analysis of works, artistic means),demonstration (visuality method) (use of presentation, literary text).
Lesson structure:
I . Organizational moment
II . Reliance on the material covered
III . Work on the topic (analysis of the poem)
IV . Generalization of the material.
V . Summing up.
VI
Lesson progress
I . Organizational moment . Report the topic and purpose of the lesson (analyze the poem “Reflection at the Front Entrance”; summarize knowledge of the works of N.A. Nekrasov). Drawing students' attention to the epigraph of the lesson.
II . Rely on the material covered. The song “Down along Mother, along the Volga” is played, slide No. 1 with an image of the Volga. Then slide No. 2 with a reproduction of Repin’s “Barge Haulers on the Volga.”
Teacher's word:
Why did we start the lesson? folk song about the Volga, from a demonstration of Repin’s painting?
(Suggested student answers:because Nekrasov’s childhood passed where the Volga River flowed and the impressions associated with his observations were reflected in his life and work.)
What are these impressions? (Nekrasov's childhood memories were overshadowed by the cruel character of his father, an army officer and an ardent serf owner, his revelry and cold-blooded attitude towards both his relatives and the peasants entrusted to his ownership. So the future poet learned about injustice in the world very early. Sometimes little Nekrasov driven from home by the suffocating atmosphere of tyranny and violence, so he often walked along the banks of the Volga, admiring its open spaces. It was there that he more than once had to observe lines of barge haulers wandering along the water’s edge, exhausted by heavy physical labor).
Slide No. 3 - portrait of the writer's father.
Teacher's word: N. A. Nekrasov had a difficult life; his path to literature was difficult. It took years of tireless work and struggle with life's adversities before he became a poet whose voice was listened to by all of Russia. Our speaker will tell us about this.
Speaker's words: (O thorny path poet to fame, about attempts to enter the university in St. Petersburg, about his father’s revenge for disobedience, about poverty, about hunger, about creativity, about what inspired Nekrasov to create - about unfair treatment of the people in our country. He drew all this from the life around him)
Slide No. 4 – views of poor neighborhoods in St. Petersburg
The poem “Yesterday at six o’clock” is being recited by heart.
Slide No. 5 – image of the execution of peasants.
Teacher's word: The meeting with whom was decisive in Nekrasov’s fate?
Suggested student answers (meeting with the great and already famous literary critic V.G. Belinsky at that time).
Slide No. 5 – portrait of V.G. Belinsky.
Teacher's word: It was Belinsky who uttered the words: “Do you know that you are a poet - and a true poet!” And I pass the floor to the next speaker.
Speaker's words: (about Belinsky’s blessing of Nekrasov, about the help that was provided, about what exactly happened with light hand Belinsky began the journey of becoming Nekrasov the Poet, about Nekrasov’s revival of the forgotten magazine “Sovremennik”, about his work as the editor-in-chief of the magazine, about difficult fate editors.
Teacher's word: So, Nekrasov talentedly combined the work of the editor-in-chief of a popular magazine and wrote, wrote a lot... He wrote about the people. You and I have read some of his works, it’s time to get acquainted with another poem, “Reflections at the Front Entrance,” written in 1858.
Teacher reading a poem ( Appendix 1) .
Teacher's word: Here is a plan for analyzing the poem. Let's get to work together.(Analysis plan - appendix 2 )
III . Work on the topic (analysis of the poem).
Suggested answers:The compositional feature of the work is the ability to divide it into three parts. First part – a description of the actions taking place near the front entrance. Second part – a description of the life of a high-ranking person and the author’s reflections on human greed and the injustice of life. Third part is of a generalized nature, it exposes the problem of exploitation and resigned human patience.
Suggested answers:an everyday event, a familiar situation, and from the pen of a master a whole story emerges with a truthful and real continuation. The scene that took place at the front entrance is a reason for the lyrical hero’s thoughts about the people and about those in whose hands their fate lies. So, in the first part it is depicted reception of various persons by a high-ranking official.
Help from the teacher (explanation of what happened in the 19th century, a widespread ritual of veneration): V holidays In the houses of nobles, special books were displayed in which visitors who were not allowed to see the master wrote down their name and rank. This is how they showed their respect. The habit of slavish servility among “free citizens” is almost terrifying. Here the ritual is taken to the point of absurdity; no one is surprised by such servility.
Teacher's word: find the lines confirming this:
Suggested Answers:
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
The poet gives free rein to satire, he despises these “slaves of the soul” and makes the reader marvel at the established order of things when a nobleman unceremoniously uses his high position, taking humiliation and groveling for granted, as an “expression of respect” for him. But the reader understands that they worship the place occupied by a person, and not his dignity and intelligence.
Suggested answers:ordinary peasant walkers are not allowed to see the “high” person at all, so as not to bother them with trifles. The poet is outraged not even by the disregard for people, but by their reaction to what is happening.
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
Suggested answers:the ascended official judges not according to laws, but according to offerings, some intricacies incomprehensible to a normal person.
The poet acts as a voluntary defender of the “disenfranchised” and “wordless”. Calls on the nobleman to come to his senses, to take up his duties - to serve the people and the state, but... “the happy are deaf to good.”
The author, outraged by lawlessness, paints a picture of the life of the “happy” and his death.
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean wave, like a child,
You will fall asleep, surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death)...
These lines contain IRONY (this is a mockery of current events, of the nature of these events).
6. Find the method of contrast in the first and second parts of the poem. Define this artistic and expressive means. What did the author want to emphasize with this?
Suggested answers:contrast is a technique of sharp opposition.
In the first part of the poem, the description of the magnificent front entrance precedes the scene with the men (peasants) who approached it, were not allowed in, and went back. The luxury of the house’s façade and the wretched appearance of the peasants (“tanned faces and arms…thin Armenian boy on his shoulders…blood on his feet…homemade bast shoes”) are contrasted with each other.
Also based on the technique of contrast, the description of the “enviable celebration of life” of the nobleman and the mention of the “endless grief” of the poor people are built (What is this crying sorrow to you, / What is this poor people to you? / The fast running eternal holiday / Life does not allow you to wake up...", "And I carry these unknown people / Inexorable grief in my hearts.”
Suggested answers:the technique of contrast is used by the poet in the poems “Troika” and “On the Road.” For example, the image of a happy family life young beautiful girl with her loved one and the regrettable existence that fate actually has in store for her, because the heroine was born a peasant (the poem “Troika”);
Or pictures of the “life in abundance” of the coachman’s wife, whom the “gentlemen”, for fun, raised from an early age together with their daughter in “all sorts of lordly tricks and tricks” and a description of the subsequent existence, or rather, SURVIVAL of a poor woman in the difficult conditions of peasant life, because “There is no need for a servant in the nobility!”
Slides No. 7, No. 8 – illustrations for the works.
What do people associate with him? What problem is exposed by the poet in the final part?
Suggested answers: the poem is imbued sympathy, which in conclusion turns into compassion. In the last part, the images of specific peasants who approached the front entrance are transformed into a generalized image of the Russian peasant, and then of the entire Russian people: “... I have never seen such a corner, where... the Russian peasant would not moan...”, “Oh, heartfelt! What does your endless groan mean? The poet associates the people with the word “moan,” which is repeated five times in the final part of the poem. The poem raises the problem of inhuman, ruthless exploitation.
Suggested answers:the poem ends with a question addressed to the people: “Will you wake up, full of strength?...” The poet’s heart is tormented for his people, but he also expresses his indignation at the great human patience, equanimity, and age-old torpor that possesses the Russian people.
Slide No. 9 – illustrations for the poem “Reflection at the Front Entrance.”
IV . Generalization of the material.
Teacher's word: at the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance” interesting story creation. Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva, the poet’s common-law wife, his great friend and assistant, told about her. On your desks lies this story, written in the first person. Let's read it.
Slide No. 10 – portrait of A.Ya. Panaeva and A.I. Herzen
The history of the creation of the poem (Appendix 3)
Teacher's word: for 5 years Nekrasov could not publish a poem. It was rewritten, passed from hand to hand. Writer A.I. Herzen published it without a signature in the Kolokol newspaper, but with the note: “We very rarely publish poems, but there is no way not to publish this kind of poem.”
Let's summarize our lesson. We can conclude that Nekrasov’s development as a poet took place thanks to his great love for the people. Nekrasov’s activities were wide and multifaceted. Reflected in his work real life country in all its manifestations.
Slide No. 11 – conclusions (Nekrasov’s work reflects..)
The poet lived with the anxieties and worries of his time, followed all the changes happening around him. No one in Russian literature has written about the people with such heartfelt and compassionate love. (theses appear on the slide: love, compassion) , like Nekrasov, and no one managed to so deeply and comprehensively reveal all the complexity, inconsistency and unpredictability of Russian national character (complexity and inconsistency of national character). No wonder the poet said about himself:
I decided to sing about your suffering,
The patience of the people is amazing.
We wrote down our findings in a notebook.
V . Summing up.
Teacher's word : (Grades for work in class by active students). To evaluate the knowledge you gained in the lesson, I will ask all students to complete a very short written work.
I want to end the lesson with the lines of another great poet, who is already familiar to you, F.I. Tyutchev:
Slide No. 12 (You can’t understand Russia with your mind...)
VI . Written independent work to understand the material.
Relate these lines to the last point of our conclusions and the final question in the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance.” Write how you understand Tyutchev’s lines?
Appendix 1
N.A. Nekrasov “Reflections at the Main Entrance”
Here front entrance. On special days,
Possessed by a servile illness,
The whole city with some fear
Drives up to the treasured doors;
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that’s their calling!
And in ordinary days this magnificent entrance
Poor faces besiege:
Projectors, place-seekers,
And an elderly man and a widow.
From him and to him you know in the morning
All the couriers are jumping around with papers.
Returning, another hums “tram-tram”,
And other petitioners cry.
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people,
They prayed at the church and stood away,
Hanging their brown heads to their chests;
The doorman appeared. “Let me in,” they said.
With an expression of hope and anguish.
He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at!
Tanned faces and hands,
The Armenian guy is thin on his shoulders.
On a knapsack on their bent backs,
Cross on my neck and blood on my feet,
Shod in homemade bast shoes
(You know, they wandered for a long time
From some distant provinces).
Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive!
Ours doesn’t like ragged rabble!”
And the door slammed. After standing,
The pilgrims untied their wallets,
But the doorman did not let me in, without taking a meager contribution,
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
They walked with their heads uncovered...
And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still in deep sleep...
You, who consider life enviable
The intoxication of shameless flattery,
Red tape, gluttony, gaming,
Wake up! There is also pleasure:
Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you!
But the happy are deaf to goodness...
The thunder of heaven does not frighten you,
And you hold earthly ones in your hands,
And these unknown people carry
Inexorable grief in the hearts.
Why do you need this crying sorrow?
What do you need these poor people?
Eternal holiday quickly running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And why? Clickers' fun
You are calling for the people's good;
Without him you will live with glory
And you will die with glory!
More serene than an Arcadian idyll
The old days will set.
Under the captivating sky of Sicily,
In the fragrant tree shade,
Contemplating how the sun is purple
Plunges into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean wave - like a child
You will fall asleep, surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted by loud praise!..
However, why are we such a person?
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take our anger out on them? -
Safer... More fun
Find some consolation in something...
It doesn’t matter what the man will endure:
This is how providence guides us
Pointed... but he's used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything down to the ruble
And they will go, begging along the road,
And they will groan... Native land!
Name me such an abode,
I've never seen such an angle
Where would your sower and guardian be?
Where would a Russian man not moan?
He moans across the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prisons,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moaning in his own poor house,
I am not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town,
At the entrance of courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this groan a song -
The barge haulers are walking with a towline!..
Volga! Volga!.. In spring, full of water
You're not flooding the fields like that,
Like the great sorrow of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan... Oh, my heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength,
Or, fate obeying the law,
You have already done everything you could, -
Created a song like a groan
And spiritually rested forever?..
Appendix 2
POEM ANALYSIS PLAN
1. What is the composition (structure) of this poem? How many parts can be distinguished in this poem? Indicate the boundaries of these parts.
2. What situation is described in the first part of the poem?
3. How does the poet see people approaching the front entrance of a large house? What is his attitude towards them?
4. This is how “free” people behave, those who do not bear the burden of serfdom. How do they behave at the “magnificent” entrance with the peasants? What is the poet’s attitude to what is happening?
5. Meanwhile, what is the life of the “owner of luxurious chambers” like? What feelings overwhelm the poet when describing this life? What technique does the author use when depicting the death of this person?
6. Find the method of contrast in the first and second parts of the work. Define this artistic and expressive means. What did the author want to emphasize with this? ?
7. In what other works of N.A. Nekrasov, which we became acquainted with in class, did the contrast technique be used?
8. What feeling is imbued with the final part and the entire poem? What are the images that appear before the reader here? What does the poet associate with the people? What problem is exposed by the author in the final part?
9. How does the poem end?
Appendix 3
The history of the creation of the poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance” (story from the perspective of A.Ya Panaeva)
This was in 1858. I got up early, went to the window, and became interested in the peasants sitting on the steps of the front entrance stairs in the house where the Minister of State Property M.N. lived. Muravyov. It was deep autumn. The morning was cold and rainy. The peasants, in all likelihood, wanted to submit some kind of petition and came to the house early in the morning. The doorman, sweeping the street, chased them away. They took cover behind the ledge of the entrance and shifted from foot to foot, pressed against the wall and getting wet in the rain. Nekrasov at that time was in a blues, did not eat anything, did not receive anyone. I told him about what I saw. He went to the window as the janitors and the policeman were driving the peasants away, pushing them in the back. Nekrasov pursed his lips nervously. Two hours later he read me a poem.
During the lesson you will learn interesting and important facts biographies of the poet N. A. Nekrasov, which influenced his work. Using the example of the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance,” you will consider the topic of exposing serfdom in the works of N. A. Nekrasov. When working with the text of a poem, learn to pay attention to the features of the composition, ways of revealing central images and expressions of the author's civic position.
“It was a wounded heart. Once and for life,” Dostoevsky said about Nekrasov. - And this unclosed wound was the source of all his poetry, all of this man’s passionate to the point of tormenting love for everything that suffers from violence, from the cruelty of unbridled will that oppresses our Russian woman, our child in a Russian family, our commoner in the bitter so often share it.”
One of the most significant moments in Nekrasov’s biography was his participation in the reconstruction magazine "Contemporary". The founder of Sovremennik was A. S. Pushkin, who invited N. V. Gogol, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. F. Odoevsky and others to participate in the magazine.
After Pushkin’s death, the magazine fell into decline, and in 1847 it was taken over by N. A. Nekrasov and I. I. Panaev. Nekrasov attracted I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy, I. A. Goncharov, A. I. Herzen, N. P. Ogarev, whose works were published in it; The magazine also published translations of works by Charles Dickens, J. Sand and other Western European writers.
The ideological leader of Sovremennik was famous critic V. G. Belinsky, whose articles determined the program of the magazine: criticism of modern reality, propaganda of revolutionary democratic ideas, struggle for realistic art.
Communication with advanced people in Sovremennik helped Nekrasov’s convictions to finally take shape. It was during this period that Nekrasov’s talent as national poet, satirist, denouncer of those in power, defender of the oppressed village.
One of bright examples Nekrasov's civil poetry became the poem "Reflections at the Front Entrance."
The poem was written in 1858. It was first published abroad in the Kolokol newspaper in 1860 under the title “At the Main Entrance.” The author's name was not indicated. The newspaper "Bell" was the first Russian revolutionary newspaper published by A. I. Herzen in exile.
Rice. 2. Nekrasova Z.N. (the poet’s wife) ()
The testimony of Nekrasov’s wife about how this work was created has been preserved.
The windows of the poet’s apartment on Liteiny Prospekt in St. Petersburg looked at the entrance of the Minister of State Property M. N. Muravyov, in whose department the lands were located. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that delegations from peasants often came to the house of this minister. This is exactly the scene Nekrasov had a chance to observe.
This is how the poet’s wife recalls this incident: “It was deep autumn, the morning was cold and rainy. In all likelihood, the peasants wanted to submit some kind of petition and came to the house early in the morning. The doorman, sweeping the stairs, drove them away; They took cover behind the ledge of the entrance and shifted from foot to foot, hiding against the wall and getting wet in the rain. I went to Nekrasov and told him about the scene I had seen. He approached the window at the moment when the house janitors and the policeman were driving the peasants away, pushing them in the back. Nekrasov pursed his lips and nervously pinched his mustache; then he quickly moved away from the window and lay down again on the sofa. An hour later he read me the poem “At the Main Entrance.”
Thus, the theme of the poem is a satirical denunciation of the social structure Russian society and the plight of the peasantry.
Satire (lat. satira) is a comic manifestation in art, which is a poetic denunciation of phenomena using various comic means: sarcasm, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, allegories, parodies, etc.
Composition of the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Reflections at the Main Entrance”
1. Front entrance (on special occasions and weekdays).
3. Owner of luxury chambers.
4. The peasant's share.
Analysis of the poem.
Part 1.
From the first lines of the poem, the poet's voice sounds angrily. The author uses his favorite satirical device- sarcasm.
Sarcasm (Greek sarkasmós, from sarkázo, literally - tearing meat), a type of comic, judgment containing destructive ridicule. Highest degree irony.
Here is the front entrance. On special days,
Possessed by a servile illness,
The whole city is in some kind of fright
Drives up to the treasured doors;
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that’s their calling!
Word " servile " is used here in a figurative sense.
Serf (disdainful) - a dependent, servile person, a servant, a henchman of someone.
IN weekdays a different kind of audience appears at the entrance. These are petitioners of different kinds:
Projectors, place-seekers,
And an elderly man and a widow.
PROJECTOR (French, from projeter) is a mocking name for a person engaged in inventing various enterprises and speculations that are in reality impracticable or unprofitable.
“magnificent entrance” - “poor faces.”
Part 2.
Rice. 3. Delegation of peasants ()
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people,
They prayed at the church and stood away,
Hanging their brown heads to their chests;
The doorman appeared. “Let it go,” they say
With an expression of hope and anguish.
Here the author’s sarcastic tone is replaced by a solemn and sad one. Next to simple Russian words, such as tanned faces, homemade bast shoes, bent backs, the poet uses words of solemn style: pilgrim, meager mite.
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
They walked with their heads uncovered...
The peasants evoke sympathy and compassion among readers. However, for the inhabitants of the mansion this is just “ ragged rabble».
Why do you need this crying sorrow?
What do you need these poor people?
Eternal holiday quickly running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
In this part, the poet uses incentive sentences, trying to reach the cold heart of the ruler of human destinies:
Wake up! There is also pleasure:
Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you!
The poet himself does not wait for an answer, because “the happy are deaf to good.” What outrages the author most is that the nobleman is completely undeservedly surrounded by an aura of glory and heroism:
Clickers' fun
You are calling for the people's good;
Without him you will live with glory
And you will die with glory!
And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted by loud praise!..
Part 4.
After describing all the benefits enjoyed by the nobles, in the fourth part the poet paints the life of the peasants in a deadly contrast. It is enough to compare 2 passages:
Thus, we see that the composition uses antithesis. It helps to enhance the tragic pathos of the poem and give greater power to the author's satire.
Carefully re-read the right fragment of the table, which describes the people's share. Have you noticed that the poetic rhythm resembles folk song? This special song rhythm is created thanks to unity of command (anaphora). The author also uses syntactic parallelism(same syntactic construction of stanzas, for example, use of homogeneity).
Nekrasov’s poem ends with an appeal to the suffering people:
Oh, my heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength,
Or, fate obeying the law,
You have already done everything you could, -
Created a song like a groan
And spiritually rested forever?..
There is no answer to this question. But such a statement of the most important, decisive question of Russian life could not leave indifferent a person in whom a patriotic feeling lives. The poem achieved its goal: banned by censorship, it became known literally throughout Russia.
Contemporaries appreciated Nekrasov's courage. For example, D.I. Pisarev noted: “I respect Nekrasov as a poet for his ardent sympathy for suffering common man, for his “word of honor,” which he is always ready to put in for the poor and oppressed.”
- Didactic materials on literature grade 7. Author - Korovina V.Ya. - 2008
- Homework on literature for grade 7 (Korovina). Author - Tishchenko O.A. - 2012
- Literature lessons in 7th grade. Author - Kuteinikova N.E. - 2009
- Textbook on literature 7th grade. Part 1. Author - Korovina V.Ya. - 2012
- Textbook on literature 7th grade. Part 2. Author - Korovina V.Ya. - 2009
- Textbook-reader on literature 7th grade. Authors: Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. - 2012
- Textbook-reader on literature 7th grade. Part 1. Author - Kurdyumova T.F. - 2011
- Phonochrestomathy on literature for the 7th grade for Korovina’s textbook.
- FEB: Dictionary of literary terms. ()
- Dictionaries. Literary terms and concepts. ()
- N. A. Nekrasov. Reflections at the front entrance. ()
- Nekrasov N. A. Biography, life history, creativity. ()
- N. A. Nekrasov. Biography pages. ()
- Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. ()
- Find examples of antithesis and sarcasm in the text of the poem. What role do they play in the work?
- Write out solemn vocabulary from the text. What purpose does she perform in the poem?
- What kind of personality did N.A. Nekrasov appear to you after getting acquainted with his work?
History of creation
The poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance” was written by Nekrasov in 1858. From Panaeva’s memoirs it is known that on one of the rainy days autumn days Nekrasov saw from the window how, from the entrance in which the Minister of State Property lived, a janitor and a policeman were driving away the peasants, pushing them in the back. A couple of hours later the poem was ready. The genre scene, which became the basis of the poem, was supplemented with satire and generalizations.
The poem was published by Herzen in the magazine "Bell" without the author's signature.
Literary direction, genre
The poem realistically describes the illness of the entire Russian society. The nobility is lazy and indifferent, the rest are subservient to her, and the peasants are powerless and submissive. The genre scene at the front entrance is a reason to think about the fate of the Russian people and Russian society. This is an example of civil poetry.
Theme, main idea and composition, plot
Nekrasov's poem is plot-based. It can be roughly divided into 3 parts.
The first part is a description of an ordinary day in the life of the entrance. On special days important person come for visits or just leave a name in the book. On weekdays, the poor, the “old man and the widow,” come. Not all applicants receive what they ask for.
The second part is dedicated to the “owner of luxury chambers.” It begins with the appeal of the observer - the lyrical hero. The negative characterization of the nobleman ends with a call to wake up and turn back the petitioners. The following describes the supposed life and death of the nobleman.
The third part is a generalization and elevation of this particular case into a typical one. No on native land such a place where the Russian peasant, the sower and guardian of this land, would not suffer. All classes are in a state of spiritual sleep: both the people and the owners of luxurious palaces. There is a way out for the people - to wake up.
The topic of reflection is the fate of the Russian people, the breadwinner - the Russian peasantry. The main idea is that the people will never make their way to the main entrances of the masters; these are residents of different non-overlapping worlds. The only way out for the people is to find the strength to awaken.
Meter and rhyme
The poem is written in multi-foot anapest with a disordered alternation of trimeter and tetrameter. Female and male rhymes alternate, the types of rhyme also change: ring, cross and adjacent. The ending of the poem became a student song.
Paths and images
The poem begins with metonymy combined with metaphor. The city is obsessed with the servile disease, that is, the inhabitants of the city servile, like slaves, before the nobleman. At the beginning of the poem, the petitioners are dryly listed. Special attention the narrator devotes time to describing the men and uses epithets: ugly, tanned faces and hands, thin Armenian, bent backs, meager contribution. The expression “Fuck them, the sun is burning” has become an aphorism. A piercing detail evokes compassion: the peasants who were driven away walk with their heads uncovered, showing respect.
The nobleman is described using stilted metaphors. He holds earthly thunders in his hands, but heavenly ones do not fear him. His life is an eternal holiday. Sweet epithets of romantic poets describe heavenly life nobles: a serene Arcadian idyll, the captivating sky of Sicily, fragrant tree shadow, purple sun, azure sea. The end of the nobleman's life is described with irony and even sarcasm. The hero will be silently cursed by his homeland, his dear and beloved family eagerly awaits his death.
The third part uses metonymy again. The lyrical hero addresses his native land, that is, all its inhabitants. He opens the life of a groaning people to all classes. The verb moans is repeated like a refrain. The song of the people is like a groan (comparison).
After addressing the Russian soil, Nekrasov turns to the Volga. He compares the people's grief with the overflowing waters of the Russian river. In this part, Nekrasov again uses the epithets abounding spring, cordial people, endless groan. The last appeal is a question to the people: will they wake up, or will their spiritual sleep last forever, according to the natural course of things? For the realist Nekrasov, this question is not rhetorical. There is always a choice, reality is unpredictable.
Poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance”
Here is the front entrance. On special days,
Possessed by a servile illness,
The whole city is in some kind of fright
Drives up to the treasured doors;
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that’s their calling!
And on ordinary days this magnificent entrance
Poor faces besiege:
Projectors, place-seekers,
And an elderly man and a widow.
From him and to him you know in the morning
All the couriers are jumping around with papers.
Returning, another hums “tram-tram”,
And other petitioners cry.
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people,
They prayed at the church and stood away,
Hanging their brown heads to their chests;
The doorman appeared. “Let it go,” they say
With an expression of hope and anguish.
He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at!
Tanned faces and hands,
The Armenian boy is thin on his shoulders,
On a knapsack on their bent backs,
Cross on my neck and blood on my feet,
Shod in homemade bast shoes
(You know, they wandered for a long time
From some distant provinces).
Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive!
Ours doesn’t like ragged rabble!”
And the door slammed. After standing,
The pilgrims untied their wallets,
But the doorman did not let me in, without taking a meager contribution,
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
They walked with their heads uncovered...
And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still in deep sleep...
You, who consider life enviable
The intoxication of shameless flattery,
Red tape, gluttony, gaming,
Wake up! There is also pleasure:
Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you!
But the happy are deaf to goodness...
The thunder of heaven does not frighten you,
And you hold earthly ones in your hands,
And these unknown people carry
Inexorable grief in the hearts.
Why do you need this crying sorrow?
What do you need these poor people?
Eternal holiday quickly running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And why? Clickers3 fun
You are calling for the people's good;
Without him you will live with glory
And you will die with glory!
More serene than an Arcadian idyll4
The old days will set.
Under the captivating sky of Sicily,
In the fragrant tree shade,
Contemplating how the sun is purple
Plunges into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean wave - like a child
You will fall asleep, surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted by loud praise!..
However, why are we such a person?
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take our anger out on them?
Safer... More fun
Find some consolation in something...
It doesn’t matter what the man will endure:
This is how providence guides us
Pointed... but he's used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything down to the ruble
And they will go, begging along the road,
And they will groan... Native land!
Name me such an abode,
I've never seen such an angle
Where would your sower and guardian be?
Where would a Russian man not moan?
He moans across the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prisons,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moaning in his own poor house,
I am not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town,
At the entrance of courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this groan a song -
The barge haulers are walking with a towline!..
Volga! Volga!.. In spring, full of water
You're not flooding the fields like that,
Like the great sorrow of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan... Oh, my heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength,
Or, fate obeying the law,
You have already done everything you could, -
Created a song like a groan
And spiritually rested forever?..
A classic came out of hand large number poems written under a strong impression. This is how the work “Reflections at the Front Entrance” became, which was born within a few hours.
Reflections at the front door
Here is the front entrance. On special days,
Possessed by a servile illness,
The whole city is in some kind of fright
Drives up to the treasured doors;
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that’s their calling!
And on ordinary days this magnificent entrance
Poor faces besiege:
Projectors, place-seekers,
And an elderly man and a widow.
From him and to him you know in the morning
All the couriers are jumping around with papers.
Returning, another hums “tram-tram”,
And other petitioners cry.
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people,
They prayed at the church and stood away,
Hanging their brown heads to their chests;
The doorman appeared. “Let it go,” they say
With an expression of hope and anguish.
He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at!
Tanned faces and hands,
The Armenian boy is thin on his shoulders,
On a knapsack on their bent backs,
Cross on my neck and blood on my feet,
Shod in homemade bast shoes
(You know, they wandered for a long time
From some distant provinces).
Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive!
Ours doesn’t like ragged rabble!”
And the door slammed. After standing,
The pilgrims untied their wallets,
But the doorman did not let me in, without taking a meager contribution,
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
They walked with their heads uncovered...
And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still in deep sleep...
You, who consider life enviable
The intoxication of shameless flattery,
Red tape, gluttony, gaming,
Wake up! There is also pleasure:
Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you!
But the happy are deaf to goodness...
The thunder of heaven does not frighten you,
And you hold earthly ones in your hands,
And these unknown people carry
Inexorable grief in the hearts.
Why do you need this crying sorrow?
What do you need these poor people?
Eternal holiday quickly running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And why? Clickers' fun
You are calling for the people's good;
Without him you will live with glory
And you will die with glory!
More serene than an Arcadian idyll
The old days will set:
Under the captivating sky of Sicily,
In the fragrant tree shade,
Contemplating how the sun is purple
Plunges into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean wave - like a child
You will fall asleep, surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted by loud praise!..
However, why are we such a person?
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take our anger out on them? -
Safer... More fun
Find some consolation in something...
It doesn’t matter what the man endures;
This is how providence guides us
Pointed... but he's used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything down to the ruble
And they will go, begging along the road,
And they will groan... Native land!
Name me such an abode,
I've never seen such an angle
Where would your sower and guardian be?
Where would a Russian man not moan?
He moans across the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prisons,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moaning in his own poor house,
I am not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town,
At the entrance of courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this groan a song -
The barge haulers are walking with a towline!..
Volga! Volga!.. In spring, full of water
You're not flooding the fields like that,
Like the great sorrow of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan... Oh, my heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength,
Or, fate obeying the law,
You have already done everything you could, -
Created a song like a groan
And spiritually rested forever?..
The history of the creation of the poem
According to the recollections of contemporaries, the poem “Reflection at the Main Entrance” was written at a time when Nikolai Alekseevich was in the blues. This is how Panaeva, with whom he lived for more than ten years, saw him. She described this day in her memoirs, saying that the poet spent the whole day on the couch without even getting up. He refused to eat and did not want to see anyone, so there was no reception that day.
Avdotya Panaeva recalled that, worried about the poet’s behavior, the next day she woke up earlier than usual and decided to look out the window to see what the weather was like outside. The young woman saw peasants on the porch waiting for the front entrance opposite the poet’s house to open. Prince N. Muravyov, who at that time served as the Minister of State Property, lived in this house. Even though the weather was rainy, damp and cloudy, the peasants sat on the steps of the front porch and waited patiently.
Most likely, they came here early in the morning, when dawn was just beginning to rise. From their dirty clothes one could easily understand that they had come from afar. And they probably had only one goal - to submit a petition to the prince. The woman also saw how a doorman suddenly appeared on the steps, began sweeping and drove them out into the street. But the peasants still didn’t leave: they hid behind the ledge of this entrance and, freezing, moving from foot to foot, getting wet to the thread, pressed against the wall, trying to hide from the rain, expecting that maybe they would still be accepted, listened to , or at least they will accept a petition.
Panaeva could not stand it and went to the poet to tell him the whole situation. When Nikolai Nekrasov approached the window, he saw how the peasants were driven away. The janitor and the policeman who had been called pushed them in the back, trying to clear them from the entrance and the yard in general as quickly as possible. This greatly angered the poet, he began to pluck his mustache, which is what he did when he was very nervous, and pressed his lips tightly together.
But he couldn’t watch for a long time, so he very soon moved away from the window, and, lost in thought, lay down on the sofa again. And exactly two hours later he read his new poem to Avdotya, which was originally called “At the Front Entrance.” Of course, the poet changed a lot in the picture that he saw in reality, and added fiction to bring up themes of retribution and biblical and righteous judgment. Therefore, this poetic plot has a symbolic meaning for the author.
But the censorship could not miss such a poetic creation by Nekrasov, so it was simply rewritten for five years and passed from hand to hand, rewritten by hand. In 1860 it was published in one of the literary magazines, but without indicating the author. Herzen, who contributed to the publication of this Nekrasov poem, in his magazine "Bell", below the text of the poem, also wrote a note in which he said that poems are rarely included in their magazines, but
“There is no way not to place the poem.”
The author's attitude towards his work
In his plot, the poet shows a simple and common situation for that time, when peasants become humiliated and insulted. The situation depicted by the author, for the morals and practices of that time, was commonplace and familiar to many contemporaries. But Nikolai Alekseevich turns it into a whole story, which is based on real and truthful facts.
The poet shows his attitude to the fact that the peasants, accustomed to humiliation, do not even try to protest. They, like silent slaves, quietly allow themselves to be bullied. And this habit of theirs also horrifies the poet.
Some readers may consider in its plot a call for rebellion, which the poet, as a patriot of his beloved country and suffering people, created in such an interesting poetic form. And now, when his patience has already reached a certain peak, he calls on his people to rise up against slavery and injustice.
The main idea that Nekrasov is trying to convey is that the people will not be able to get through or even stand at the front entrance.
We need to act differently.
Basic images and means of expression
The main image of the entire Nekrasov poem is, first of all, the author himself, whose voice sounds constantly, and the reader feels his attitude to everything that is happening and to the problem that he raises. But nevertheless, he does not name himself, and creates his image as if he is not speaking from himself, but as if hidden behind reality, behind those pictures of the world that he draws with the help of expressive means. In every detail you can see the author who is trying to emphasize his attitude to reality.
The characters in Nekrasov's plot are different. Most of them are united by one thing - suffering and hero. The author divides all the petitioners who visit this front entrance into two groups: someone comes out humming something pleasant to themselves, and the second group of people usually comes out crying.
And after such a division, the second part of his story begins, where he immediately speaks directly about what once he, the poet Nikolai Nekrasov, happened to see. With each new line in the plot, the voice of the author grows, who became an involuntary witness of human grief and servility. And the poet’s voice sounds strong and angry, since he feels not at all like a witness, but like a participant in all this.
It is enough to read carefully the characteristics that the author gives to the peasants who came with a petition. They wait, do not ask, and when they are not accepted, then, having come to terms with this, they obediently wander on. And soon the author takes the reader to those rooms where the peasants were never able to get into. The writer shows the life of such an official who continues to humiliate the peasants, considering himself superior to them.
In the third part of Nekrasov’s plot, you can hear the grief of the poet himself, who is indignant and protests against such an attitude towards the peasants. But how does an official feel who so easily drives the peasants away? And here the author uses means of expression to make his monologue more lively and visual:
⇒Expression.
⇒Complex sentences.
⇒Rhetorical exclamations and questions.
⇒Dactylic rhyme.
⇒Alternation of anapests: trimeter and tetrameter.
⇒Conversational style.
⇒Antithesis.
Analysis of the poem
The author tries to show the contrast between the life of a well-fed official who does what he is passionate about gambling, gluttony, constant lies and falsehood in everything, and a completely different opposite life among the peasants who see nothing good.
The life of a peasant is tragic, and prisons and jails are always ready for the peasant. The people are constantly oppressed, which is why they suffer so much. Such a strong people perishes at the behest of officials, whose generalized portrait is shown in the poem.
Nikolai Nekrasov is outraged by such long patience common people. He tries to become their protector, because they themselves are not indignant or complain. The poet and the official calls on him to come to his senses, to finally remember his duties, because his task is to serve for the benefit of his homeland and the people who live here. The author is indignant at the fact that such order and lawlessness reign in his beloved country, and hopes that this will all stop soon.
But the author addresses not only the official, but also the people themselves, who are silent. He asks him how much longer he can endure and when, finally, he will wake up and stop being filled with grief and suffering. After all, their terrible groan is heard throughout the country, and it is terrible and tragic.
The poet's indignation is so great, and his faith is so strong that the reader has no doubt that justice will prevail.
This is another work by Nekrasov dedicated to the ordinary Russian people. In it, his observations of the governor's house give rise to reflection.
Guests often come there to visit the master. They leave, satisfied with themselves. The author very correctly emphasizes that this is their calling. And they don’t care at all about the fate of ordinary people. As well as the governor himself.
Petitioners come to him very often. Some come out humming a happy tune. And others cry. These others are peasants, ordinary people, walking with their petitions to the master. Many came from far away, apparently considering him a good and decent person. But they couldn't even get there. The formidable doorman at the entrance jealously guarded his master from such unsightly visitors. He knew very well that he did not like such people and did not intend to accept them at all.
Nekrasov appeals in this poem to the conscience of a wealthy gentleman. But, apparently, she enjoys the sweet bliss of sleep, as does the governor himself, while the people come to him with requests. He doesn't care about him. And he's not the only one. By appealing to him, the author addresses the entire noble class. But, all this is in vain. These people are too carried away by an idle life and pleasures and are deaf to the suffering of others.
Further reflections again lead to the people. The poet sadly notes that he resignedly submits to his fate, without trying to change it. The lines asking the peasants whether their suffering can result in opposition to such injustice sound like a call for a popular revolt. Or, as Nekrasov exclaims, did the people, having created a song like a groan, rest spiritually forever?
Analysis of the poem Reflections at the front entrance of Nekrasov
Nekrasov wrote his poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance” when he was sitting at the window and saw how the peasants who had come to the minister were driven away. After which Nekrasov outlined many of the problems of society of that time in his poem, which was later published in the magazine "Bell", the author was not indicated.
In his poem, the author reflected the most painful moments of society, showed how lazy the nobility and rich people are. What the peasants cannot influence in any way.
This poem is divided into three parts:
The first part is devoted to a description of the minister’s ordinary everyday life. How he accepts richer people, how he does not respect ordinary peasants who came for help.
The second and third parts describe typical Russian problems, how ordinary people suffer.
The main idea of the poem is such that lower ranks, including peasants, will never be allowed to the entrance of ministers, much less receive help.
Nekrasov begins his poem with a metaphor, describing the troubles and subordination of people in front of a person of higher rank. The nobleman lives happily, he is not worried about problems, he is in abundance. All this can be understood from the beautiful epithets that are inserted in the second part of the poem. When death comes to the nobleman, the author’s mood changes, his death is described in sarcasm.
The end of the poem is dedicated to the lyrical hero who turns to his native land with requests. So the reader can catch the song of the people, which is similar to a groan. After addressing the earth, there follows an appeal to the Volga, the river is compared to how the misfortune of the people spreads across the earth. The great poet's poem does not end with a rhetorical question. Will the people get rid of slavery and wake up? Nekrasov assumes a positive answer, because in his opinion, a way out and a choice can always be found.
Analysis of the poem Reflections at the front entrance according to plan
You might be interested
- Analysis of the poem Sad Akhmatova
The work is one of the components of the poetry collection “Evening”, presented by the poetess as her debut.
- Analysis of the poem Shine, my star, don’t fall by Yesenin
The theme of love for the Motherland in the modern period is often something a little strange and incomprehensible. After all, now is the era of mass communications, intensive communication and interaction between countries.
- Analysis of the poem Peasant Children of Nekrasov grades 5, 6
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov always treated ordinary people with respect, understanding and compassion. He conveys this respect and care in many of his poems.
- Analysis of the poem Children's Bryusova
Children's consciousness and the peculiarities of children's play have always attracted poets and creative people. It must be said that children's perception as a whole is of significant interest, since it is often much more pure
- Analysis of the poem to Bryusov's Woman
In lyric poetry, deification is often found, denoting an extreme degree of admiration, admiration for an object. Most often, a woman becomes the deity of lyric poetry. The situation is similar in V. Ya. Bryusov’s work Woman.