Makarova Alina Alexandrovna
Purpose given research work is to identify the author’s position in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri” based on an analysis of the image of the main character of the poem. As object research is being put forward author's position in the poem “Mtsyri”, which allows us to understand the features of the romantic worldview of M.Yu. Lermontov. Subject The research focuses on the techniques by which the poet creates the image of the main character of the poem “Mtsyri”. The author of the study puts forward hypothesis that in Lermontov’s picture of the world man is assigned the role of an inferior being. Man is an eternal wanderer between heaven and earth; he belongs neither to heaven nor to earth. Having abandoned his human nature, Lermontov's hero strives for romantic ideal freedom, love, beauty, but it loses its value outside the world of people. Therefore, Lermontov’s hero is doomed to a tragic worldview and loneliness, like the poet himself. The proof of the hypothesis will be facilitated by solving the following tasks: disclosure of Mtsyri's characteristics through a) analysis landscape sketches, given through the eyes of the hero; b) Mtsyri’s diary, compiled by us.
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Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Average secondary school No. 6" Perm
Along the way Mtsyri
Student of class 10B MBOU "Secondary School No. 6" Perm
Head: Guseva Tatyana Vladimirovna,
Teacher of Russian language and literature
MBOU "Secondary School No. 6" Perm
Perm 2014
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
Chapter I. Symbolic meaning landscape sketches in the poem “Mtsyri” 3
Chapter II. Mtsyri's diary ……………………………………………………… 6
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 10
List of references………………………………………………………. 11
Introduction
Purpose This research work is to identify the author's position in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri” based on an analysis of the image of the main character of the poem.
As an object The study puts forward the author's position in the poem "Mtsyri", which allows us to understand the features of the romantic worldview of M.Yu. Lermontov.
Subject The study highlights the techniques by which the poet creates the image of the main character of the poem “Mtsyri”.
The author of the study puts forward hypothesis that in Lermontov’s picture of the world man is assigned the role of an inferior being. Man is an eternal wanderer between heaven and earth; he belongs neither to heaven nor to earth. Having abandoned his human nature, Lermontov's hero strives for the romantic ideal of freedom, love, beauty, but he loses his value outside the world of people. Therefore, Lermontov’s hero is doomed to a tragic worldview and loneliness, like the poet himself.
The proof of the hypothesis will be facilitated by solving the following tasks: revealing the characteristics of Mtsyri through a) analysis of landscape sketches given through the eyes of the hero; b) Mtsyri’s diary, compiled by us.
Chapter I. The symbolic meaning of landscape sketches in the poem “Mtsyri”
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov is romantic. The main passion of the hero is to live in a world of struggle and freedom, outside the walls of the monastery, in his distant beloved homeland.
Mtsyri lived his whole life in three days. These days of freedom gave the hero as many impressions as he had not received during many years of monastic life.
It was these three days that revealed the hero’s inner world and helped to understand his plans, aspirations, and dreams. He himself discovers in himself feelings previously unknown to him: admiration for nature, its free, beautiful elements, the fury of battle, the passion of love.
“In the snow, burning like a diamond, the gray-haired unshakable Caucasus...”; “Deep below me, a stream, intensified by a thunderstorm, was noisy... Howling, spinning, an angry shaft”;
“And cloud after cloud, Leaving its secret lodging for the night, ran towards the east - as if a white caravan of migratory birds from distant countries!”
Mtsyri perceives nature spiritually. Her splendor is close to him, it awakens completely earthly feelings in his soul. The hero dreams of finding a home, relatives, whom he “saw with others, but did not find with himself.” He is worried that he could not say “the sacred words father and mother” to anyone. In parallel with thoughts about real parents, “friend or brother”, “young sisters” there is symbolic motif friendship, brotherly, sisterly embraces: “two saklyas seemed to have grown to the rock” as a “friendly couple.”
Mtsyri's story about the life of nature reflects his inner world. At the same time, in the metaphors that arose from landscape impressions, the same structure of the soul appears as in the fragment where this soul reveals itself.
To the polysemantic to the speaking world directed by Mtsyri. He tries to merge with nature and receives great pleasure from being close to it: “And it was easy for my heart, I don’t know why...” Nature evokes in Mtsyri memories of his homeland: “And I remembered my father’s house, Our gorge and all around in the shadows a scattered village...” From the contemplation of nature, experiences that he is not fully aware of awaken in the hero. He feels comfortable in the lap of nature.
In “Mtsyri” nature is described “from the inside”. We understand that the hero is, as it were, related to her. He recalls: “All around me God’s garden was blooming, The rainbow-colored plants were keeping traces of heavenly tears, And the curls of the vines were curling, showing off between the trees The transparent green of the leaves, And the clusters were full on them”; “And again I began to listen to the magical, strange voices, They whispered through the bushes, As if they were talking about the secrets of heaven and earth, And all the voices of nature merged here...”
That is, M.Yu. Lermontov tells us that Mtsyri fearlessly goes towards nature: “But fear did not squeeze my soul: I myself am like an animal... And I crawled and hid like a snake.” In Mtsyri, nature gives birth to primitive animal strength.
V. Burachok, a critic of the Mayak magazine, wrote that the poet glorifies the wild, unbridled will, natural in the beast, criminal in man. A similar idea was expressed by Ap. Grigoriev, who pointed to the “unbridled passion” of Mtsyri, rushing into a wide open space, seized by an “insane force”, crying “against all social concepts and filled with hatred and contempt for them.”
Mtsyri is extremely close to “wild nature”, understands the voices of nature: “Although I understood that conversation without words...”; “Everything that I felt then, Those thoughts - they no longer have a trace; but I would like to tell them, So that I can live, at least mentally, again.” Mtsyri falls into the rhythm of natural life at the cost of unprecedented internal effort. The hero says that it was in those moments that he truly lived.
From here we can identify the symbolic plot of the poem. Mtsyri, in the lap of nature, experiences the unearthly world, he has the opportunity to find an “unearthly homeland”: “That morning there was firmament so pure” that one could see with “a diligent gaze” the flight of an angel. But along with a craving for the heavenly, he is also overcome by a craving for the earthly.
Mtsyri, seeing the image of the “young Georgian woman” in its combination with the elements of free nature, begins to yearn for his homeland, love, family.
Mtsyri's kinship with free, spontaneous nature noticeably alienates him from the world of people. The “internal barrier” noted by researchers in connection with Lermontov’s heroes makes itself felt, giving their search for an ideal a special character. Lominadze wrote that against the background of the “embrace” of nature, the measure of Mtsyri’s loneliness is more deeply comprehended. “Perhaps it is so hopeless that the soul is ready to break through its ring in any way.” The hero is happy to hug, “like a brother,” even with a thunderstorm, he is ready to merge with nature even through a connection with a hostile principle. During the fight, Mtsyri and the leopard “intertwine”, “embrace” “tighter than two friends.” Here the main thing becomes the hug itself, the contact with the world itself, and at what cost is not important. They seem to be fighting mirror image, like related creatures: Mtsyri “squealed like a leopard,” and the wounded leopard “moaned like a man.” And among the images of nature contemplated by the hero, there is an identification of “friendship - enmity”. The hero sees the following picture in the sky: “The moon was already shining above, and only one cloud was sneaking after it, As if for its prey.”
Thus, for Mtsyri, connection with nature is an opportunity to find a family, a homeland, and return to the original sources.
The image of a “young Georgian woman” gives rise to memories of heavenly paradise. There is an opportunity to comprehend “the shrine of love, goodness and beauty” through the sympathy of an earthly woman. Mtsyri transfers her image to another reality, which is dearer to him than “earthly paradise”, because he sees a Georgian woman in a “dream”.
Nature is a great teacher. No artificial barriers could or will be able to destroy what it has embedded in a person. No walls have stopped and will not stop the desire to explore the world, merge with nature, and feel as free as she herself. The best confirmation of this is the life of Mtsyri.
Chapter II. Mtsyri's Diary
We tried to “follow the path” of Mtsyri, to “look” with our own eyes at what the young man saw in freedom, to feel the joy of communicating with nature. We moved step by step with the hero, vividly imagined the world around him and followed the emotional movement of the young man.
We compiled a Diary on behalf of the hero to understand what Mtsyri learned about himself when he found himself free. This will allow us to understand Mtsyri’s feelings and experiences, and therefore will bring us closer to understanding the work of M.Yu. Lermontov.
Mtsyri's Diary
The storm is over. I lay on the stones and listened sensitively, like a wild animal, to the sounds of the night. Somewhere below in the gorge a mountain stream roared and raged, and the voices of wild animals were heard. I even heard the rustling of a snake crawling between the stones. Night and living silence, in which there were many different sounds, enveloped me.
But then, gradually, there was some movement in the air, a light breeze blew. The sky has cleared and bright stars hung right above my head. But the sky was no longer completely black. In the east it brightened, then stronger and stronger, and first a narrow golden strip appeared, which quickly became wider, driving away the darkness. Another minute, and far, far away on the edge of the Earth, the edge of the sun appeared from behind the mountains.
Nature instantly began to wake up: birds, trees, grass, flowers. Drops of rain hung on every blade of grass. Here and there, fog rose in ragged wisps from the forests, from the gorges, and on the opposite slope, the falling streams of rivers and streams sparkled in the rays of the sun.
The place where I was was still under the cover of darkness. I found myself in the dense milk of fog. Nothing was visible, not even the fingers of an outstretched hand. Soon the white milk became illuminated, and I saw an even matte light from all sides. Droplets of moisture moved before my eyes: there were thousands of them, and I distinguished each one. Then they found one general direction and rushed upward. Suddenly I saw my own feet, the stones I was standing on, and white cotton wool around me, from which clumps were breaking off and rising up. The cotton wool sank lower and lower, and two steps away from me a ledge was exposed, the edges of a gorge filled with a white swaying mass clearly appeared. I recoiled in horror from the edge of the abyss: I was so close to it. Then I again came to the edge of the abyss. The remnants of the fog quickly dissipated, and below a furiously crystal clear stream beat, trying to throw off a pile of stones. With furious force he flew at them, raising clouds of spray and foam, and the stones, almost completely hidden by the shaft, stood there for probably hundreds of years.
The sun had already risen above the mountains and illuminated the Earth. I looked with all my eyes. Yes, I heard about Paradise, but the reality turned out to be a thousand times more beautiful. Can human language describe the most beautiful thing in the world? Everything was buried in greenery, on the leaves of which drops sparkled. Tree trunks were entwined with vines with heavy bunches of berries. Every leaf, every berry shone through in the rays of the sun, so that every vein inside was visible. I stood frozen in awe.
Thousands of sounds were heard around! The leaves moved slightly and whispered intimate secrets to each other. Droplets of water rolled down them, breaking and reassembling. Butterflies fluttered, insects crawled, and everyone talked to each other and praised God together. Among this splendor, flocks of birds of paradise fluttered, filling the divine garden with joyful singing. My thoughts were clear and pure at that moment; I cannot express in words all the delight that filled my being.
The sky is so clean and transparent! I lay down on my back and began to peer into this smooth blue. The more I looked, the higher and more inaccessible the sky seemed to me, it was endless and bewitching. Probably at those moments my soul left me and rose above the ground, because when I woke up, it was already noon.
I felt thirsty. I began to carefully descend into the abyss, grabbing the branches of the bushes. The cliff was almost vertical. Sometimes a stone was torn from under one’s foot and, leaving a trail of dust, flew, accelerating, whistling down, hitting the stones, breaking into fragments and disappearing into turbulent stream without a trace. I, of course, understood that I could snap at any moment... and then - that’s it! But the thought of this did not frighten me at all, and I continued my descent.
Below, where the mountain river bubbled, raising millions of splashes, it was fresh, and I greedily fell to the water. Suddenly, through the roar of the water, I heard a human voice and footsteps on the stones. No, I didn't want to meet people! Hidden in the bushes, I listened until my ears hurt - maybe I was imagining the roar of the stream? But no! The voice was getting closer. It was a gentle, ringing girlish voice that still resounds within me. A young Georgian woman was descending between the stones along a narrow path to the water, holding a jug above her head. She was humming a song and laughing at something. The girl was poorly dressed; She threw her veil back. I saw her face. It was dark from tanning. I looked into her black eyes and drowned in their depth and brilliance. This sweet creature was created for love! Oh, how beautiful she was! She approached the water. From my hiding place I did not see her - big stone closed her from me. I only heard the stream slowly filling the jug. My heart! It has never beat so hard! My thoughts, my thoughts were confused; the blood drained from the head. I came to my senses when the girl moved quite far away. The Georgian woman with a jug on her shoulder climbed back along the path, light and slender, like a poplar. In the gorge, pressed close to each other, as if rooted to the sakla, stood two saklas. The girl quietly opened the door to the one with blue smoke flowing over the flat roof, and disappeared inside. I looked there continuously for a long time.
I was tired after running all night and lay down in the shade. Unnoticed, I fell asleep. In a dream I again saw a young Georgian woman. I again, already in a dream, experienced that feeling when I saw her. My heart ached, I didn’t have enough air, I kept trying to breathe - and woke up.
Night had already fallen, the moon was shining. A lonely cloud slowly approached the bright moon, like an animal towards its prey. It was dark and quiet. Just away in moonlight The glaciers of the Caucasus ridge sparkled and the sound of a mountain river was heard. I looked towards the familiar saklya. The distant window was illuminated by the uneven light of the fireplace. The fire in the window flashed brightly, then disappeared completely, like the light of a distant star. I fought the desire to enter the hut. But one thought held me back - my goal: I must get to my homeland! And I went straight, my own way.
Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, and experienced the joy of communicating with it. Yes, the world is beautiful! It is full of colors, sounds, joy - this is the meaning of Mtsyri’s story about what he saw. This means that man was born for will! For Mtsyri, living means being in search, anxiety, fighting and winning, and most importantly, experiencing the bliss of freedom.
A poetically exalted soul and the desire for freedom allow Mtsyri to compare free life and wildlife with heaven.
In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. After being free for three days, Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless. He refuses the possible happiness of love, overcomes the suffering of hunger, in a desperate impulse Mtsyri tries to pass through the forest for the sake of the goal - “to go to his native country.” The death of this dream gives rise to despair in him, but even in a desperate impulse Mtsyri appears not as weak, but as a brave man.
Conclusion
The image of Mtsyri is one of the deeply complex interpretations of the romantic theme.
The fate of Mtsyri suggests a gloomy, desolate thought.
The young man spent three days in freedom, and they flew by like an instant. But those were the days real life; days filled bright colors and living images.
Finding himself outside the walls of the monastery, Mtsyri gazes intently at every picture that opens to him, notices every piece of “living” nature; listens to the polyphonic variety of sounds. Left alone with nature, he feels happy man. Describing Mtsyri’s meeting with a Georgian woman, the poet emphasizes that passionate and sincere love can only embrace an ardent and pure nature. And the fight with the leopard is the moment of the highest rise in the hero’s fortitude. It was then that Mtsyri understands what his true purpose is.
Life doomed Mtsyri to slavery, humility, loneliness, but he managed to know freedom, experience the happiness of struggle and the joy of merging with the world, so the death of the hero, despite all the tragedy, makes the reader proud of Mtsyri and hatred of the conditions that deprived a person of happiness.
References
- L.M. Arinshtein. Reminiscences and auto-reminiscences in the system of Lermontov poetics // Lermontov collection. - L.: Science, 1995. - P.28,31,38.
- Ap. Grigoriev. Works: In 2 volumes - Vol.2. - M.: Artist. lit., 1990. - P.88.
- M. Yu. Lermontov M. Yu. Mtsyri / Lermontov M. Yu. Poems. Poems. Hero of our time. M., 1997. pp. 147-167.
- Lermontov Encyclopedia. - M.: Sov. encyclopedia, 1981. - P.635.
- S. Lominadze. Where does Mtsyri run // Questions of Literature, 1994, No. 10, pp. 153,154.
- S. Lominadze. The poetic world of Lermontov. - M.: Sovremennik, 1999. - P.222-225.
- Kornilov V. First inhabitant / Lermontov M. Yu. Poems. Poems. Hero of our time. M., 1997. P. 5-10.
- V.I.Korovin. Creative path M.Yu. Lermontov. - M.: Education, 2003. - P.79.
- Brief dictionary literary terms. M., 1985.
- D.E. Maksimov. Poetry of Lermontov. - M.-L.: Nauka, 2001. - P.190.
- Encyclopedic dictionary of a young literary critic. M., 1987. pp. 194-196.
Narration.
- From whose perspective is the poem being narrated?
- Why do you think the author “gave his word” to the young man Mtsyri?
- What does the hero call himself?
- How many times is the word “mtsyri” used in the text? Why do you think?
The word “mtsyri” itself is not used in the text of the work, only in the title.
Confession of a hero.
- In what form is the poem written? What's in front of us?
- What's happened confession? Try to define it. Look it up in the dictionary.
CONFESSION – 1 . For Christians: confession of one’s sins to a priest who absolves sins on behalf of the church and God. 2 . trans. A frank confession of something, a story about one’s innermost thoughts and views. (“Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary”)
- What is the value in in this case, most suitable for the poem? Why?
Hero's trials.
- How many trials does Mtsyri have in store? What are these tests?
1. Meeting with a beautiful Georgian girl;
2. Battle with the leopard;
3. Dark forest, in which Mtsyri got lost.
- Do you think this number is symbolic? What could it mean?
The hero's first test.
- What “test” was the first on the hero’s path? Find a description of the event in the text.
- How does Mtsyri feel?
The first love arises in his soul, requiring fulfillment. Everything is working out in favor of Mtsyri, because... The girl found him nice too. Mtsyri could have entered this door after the girl, and who knows how his life would have turned out.
- What did Mtsyri choose and why?
Mtsyri admits that the memories of those minutes are precious to him, and wants them to die with him
- What can you call this test? Test by what?
Test of love, future happiness in the family.
The hero's second test.
- What “test” was the second on the hero’s path? Find a description of the event in the text.
- Are the forces equal? Why does Mtsyri win?
Mtsyri is fighting for his life, for his place in the sun, like “leopards and wolves.” The thirst for life is so strong that the hero does not want to give up without a fight and wins.
- What feelings did Mtsyri experience during the battle and after?
During the battle, Mtsyri was afraid of the predator, but showed courage. Mtsyri feels a sense of respect for the dead leopard (“as a fighter should in battle”)
- What stood in the way in the form of a leopard?
Nature and its laws are another test of man.
The third test of the hero.
- What was the third “test” on the hero’s journey? Find a description of the event in the text.
- Why can this wandering also be called a test?
Mtsyri got lost in an unfamiliar dense face. He chose the straight path, but all this time he walked in circles. This drives him into despair.
- What is Mtsyri most afraid of? What are you most worried about?
Mtsyri is in despair: he is afraid that he will never find his homeland, that he has lost it forever.
- What does the “dense forest” symbolize?
The forest is a symbol of Life, unknown and sometimes leading in circles.
Why does Mtsyri die?
- Mtsyri's body is broken. Is his spirit broken? Why?
- What is death for Mtsyri?
Mtsyri’s death is a form of protest against “Unfreedom”. In death he will be able to find liberation, unavailable on earth, and his soul will return to the Caucasus.
- Do the monks understand him? Why?
The concept of Freedom is different for all people. For monks, freedom is the will of God. Mtsyri wants freedom of his own free will, regardless of anyone.
The symbolism of the image of Mtsyri
- Why is Mtsyri written with a capital letter, because this is not a first or last name? What is Mtsyri a symbol of?
Mtsyri is written with a capital letter as a sign of its symbolism. This is not just a monastic order - it is a symbol of unbending will and courage, thanks to which a person can fulfill his dream, not paying attention to anything.
Mtsyri - a romantic image .
"Projection onto oneself"
Can we say that the trials experienced by Mtsyri are transferable to other people? Prove it.
People entering adult life (“young men”) are trying to find themselves (“their homeland”). To reach a cherished goal, one often has to undergo tests: love, the laws of nature (society), life itself, etc.
"Projection onto oneself"
Those. Are people who have not passed the test weak and weak-willed? How do you think? Prove it.
All people in the world are different, everyone has their own views on life. Doing your choice (choosing love, family, service to God, etc.), a person shows your Will . In this regard all people are free .
Homework.
- Prepare for an essay on the poem “Mtsyri” (1 topic of your choice):
- Ideological analysis of the poem “Mtsyri” (theme, idea)
- The image of Mtsyri in the poem "Mtsyri".
- Symbolic images of the poem “Mtsyri” (monastery, thunderstorm, forest, leopard, girl, mountains and rivers of the Caucasus)
The creative activity of M. Yu. Lermontov belongs to a difficult period in Russian history - an era when any desire for freedom, truth was suppressed - to the so-called “timelessness”. This time left its mark on almost all of Lermontov’s work. The poet is trying to comprehend historical role of his generation and does not tire of reproaching him for cowardice, callousness, and meanness. But at all times, courageous, noble people live next to the cowardly and vile. Such, for example, is the brave and freedom-loving young man Mtsyri from the poem of the same name.
"Mtsyri" - romantic poem, written according to the laws of this genre. The hero is placed in exceptional circumstances. The main motive of the poem is the motive of escape. The hero runs into an unknown world, where, according to his ideas, people live freely and happily. Mtsyri wants to join fellow tribesmen whom he has never seen, but whose spirit lives in him. He believes that in his homeland, “in the land of our fathers,” where “people are free as eagles,” he can be “not one of the last daredevils.” Mtsyri runs into a storm, which reflects him perfectly state of mind, it’s not for nothing that he says: “Oh, as a brother, I would be glad to embrace the storm!”
Mtsyri does not get to his homeland, he does not find his way there, but he was free and had to go through a series of trials. On the morning after a thunderstorm, Mtsyri discovers that he is on the edge of a “threatening abyss.” This fear is soon forgotten, and the young man again feels unity with nature, which he understands and loves so well and which reciprocates his feelings.
In the morning, near the stream, Mtsyri meets a Georgian girl, whose singing enchants him. There is a struggle going on in the young man's soul. On the one hand, here is a person who is so close to him in spirit: to follow a girl means to find the tribe to which she belongs, and, perhaps, to join its ranks.
But there is another goal - to find a distant homeland, and perhaps father and mother. The second takes over, and this shows the strength of the young man’s spirit.
Another test falls to Mtsyri - a meeting with a leopard. Here it is fully manifested strong character hero. Mtsyri is not afraid of death, he knows that bondage, the monastery worse than death. It is better to die in a fight with this proud, free animal than to drag out a miserable existence among dull, faceless monks. Mtsyri emerges victorious from the fight with the leopard, but he is not destined to go home. Having gotten lost in the forest, he again comes to the monastery from which he ran away. The ringing of the bell brings confusion into the young man's soul, and he is overcome by grief over his lost freedom.
Mtsyri learned so much during these three days in freedom. He learned what he sought to find out: why a person comes into this world. Now he knows for sure that man is born to be free. The young man saw something unattainable and distant, but so beautiful world, with its forests, lush fields, majestic mountain ranges, saw blue sky and the sun. This was forever etched in his memory. To experience and understand this, it was worth fleeing the monastery and enduring trials. After this, death no longer seems so frightening.
You want to know what I did
Free? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age,
The dying Mtsyri tells the monk.
The hero's confession before death reveals his soul to us. In the last minutes of his life, Mtsyri asks to be brought to the garden in order to feel once again the unity with nature that he once already experienced.
The young man dies, but internally he wins. Mtsyri's defeat is only external, it does not cancel the impulse for freedom, the thirst for unity with nature. This impulse in itself is a symbol of an unreconciled, restless and rebellious spirit. Despite the fact that the strength of spirit fades away without “food” and Mtsyri is looking for “shelter in paradise, in the holy transcendental
edge,” he is still ready to exchange “paradise and eternity” for a free life full of dangers in the country of his fathers. And this is his victory.
People like Mtsyri, who, according to Belinsky, became “a reflection in poetry of the shadow” of the poet himself, are truly heroic individuals.
Lesson M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri” - a romantic poem
Goals: introduction and analysis of the poem “Mtsyri”.
Equipment: presentation, computer.
Lesson progress
1.Vocabulary work
Poem-
Topic-
Idea-
Plot-
Composition-
Romanticism ( romanticism) - phenomenon European culture V - . It is characterized by an affirmation of the intrinsic value of the spiritual and creative life of the individual, the depiction of strong (often rebellious) passions and characters, spiritualized and healing nature.
2. The history of the creation of the poem "Mtsyri» The action of the poem “Mtsyri” takes place in Georgia. Lermontov's biographer P.A. Viskovatov connects this with Lermontov's journey along the old Georgian Military Road. Then the poet visited the city of Mtskheta, which was the old capital of Georgia, where he met a monk from the Javari monastery, who told him his story. The monk's story served as the basis for the poem "Mtsyri". In 1837, Lermontov had a plan: “ notes of a young monk, 17 years old. Since childhood he has been in a monastery; I haven’t read any books except sacred ones. Passionate soul languishes. Ideal..." 2 years passed from this recording to the appearance of the poem.
The poem was published during Lermontov's lifetime in the collection. “Poems by M. Lermontov” for 1840. Written in 1839 In St. Petersburg. The original name was “Beri” (Georgian for “monk”). I changed the original epigraph (“Everyone has only one fatherland”) with a quote from the “Book of Kingdoms” (“Tasting, I taste little honey and now I die”) - about the violation of the ban and the punishment that followed it. The name has also been changed:
“Mtsyri” is a novice and a stranger, a stranger is a lonely person who arrived from other lands.
“...What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is our poet’s favorite ideal, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality. In everything that Mtsyri says, he breathes his own spirit, amazes him with his own power...” - V.G. Belinsky wrote about the poem.
One of the problems that worried Lermontov was the question of will and captivity. Can a person live in captivity? Is this what he was born for?
Find out if the earth is beautiful
Find out for freedom or prison
We will be born into this world...
3. Determination of the theme and idea of the work.
What is the theme of the poem? Theme is fate romantic hero - strong, a brave, rebellious man, captured, raised in the dark walls of a monastery, suffering from oppressive captivity and decided, at the risk of his life, to break free at the very moment when it was most dangerous:
And at the hour of the night, terrible hour,
When the thunderstorm frightened us,
When, crowded at the altar,
You were lying prostrate on the ground,
I ran away.
What is the idea of the poem? The idea is an affirmation of the value of freedom. Mtsyri prefers three days of real, full-blooded life in freedom to many years of imprisonment within the walls of a monastery, where a person does not die, but exists. For the hero, death is better than life in a monastery.
Epigraph to the poem is taken from the biblical legend about the Israeli king Saul and his son Jonathan, a young man “worthless and rebellious,” as his father called him in the heat of anger. One day Saul made an oath: whoever of his soldiers eats bread until the evening, until he takes revenge on his enemies, will be cursed and die. Jonathan broke his oath. Having arbitrarily attacked his enemies and defeated them, he, mortally tired, dipped a stick in the “honeycomb” in the forest, “and turned his hand to his mouth, and his eyes brightened.” Saul, having learned about this, decided to kill his son. Jonathan said, “I have tasted a little honey with the end of the stick that is in my hand, and now I must die.” But Saul said to the people: “Shall Jonathan die, who brought such great salvation to Israel? Let this not happen. And he freed Jonathan’s people, and he did not die.”
How does the epigraph relate to the theme and idea?
The theme of the poem echoes the theme of the biblical legend and poses the question: is a person free to dispose of himself, his life, should he unquestioningly obey authorities, does he have the right to independence?
4.Composition of the poem aimed at the main thing - disclosure inner world hero, which is why Lermontov chose the form of a confessional monologue.
Mtsyri's life in the monastery is not described in detail, since the main thing in this life is serving God. There is nothing personal here, only complete renunciation of everything worldly, prayers and fasting, and no return back.
1. The poem consists of an introduction, short story the author about the life of Mtsyri and the confession of the hero, and the order in the presentation of events has been changed.
2. The plot of the poem is not the external facts of Mtsyri’s life, but his experiences.
3. All events of Mtsyri’s three-day wanderings are shown through his perception.
4. Features of the plot and composition allow the reader to focus on the character of the central character.
Confession
For Christians: confession of one’s sins to a priest who absolves sins on behalf of the church and God, church repentance.
A frank admission of something, a story about your innermost thoughts and views.
(Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova).
5. Frontal conversation.
What do we learn about Mtsyri’s life in the monastery?
The author does not describe monastic life, but conveys only brief comments from Mtsyri about it. For the hero, the monastery is a symbol of bondage, a prison, with “gloomy walls” and “stuffy cells”, where a person is infinitely alone. Staying in the monastery means forever giving up freedom and homeland.
...I lived little, and lived in captivity...
...She called my dreams
From stuffy cells and prayers...
...I grew up in gloomy walls
A child at heart, a monk at heart...
For the hero, the monastery is a symbol of bondage, a prison with gloomy walls and “stuffy cells.” Staying in the monastery meant for him forever
abandon their homeland and freedom, be doomed to eternal slavery and loneliness
He is hardy, proud, and distrustful, because he sees his enemies in the monks around him. Him from the very early years familiar feelings of loneliness and melancholy.
What did Mtsyri see and learn in three “blessed days”?
He saw a world closed from him by monastery walls - lush fields - hills and mountain ranges - gorges, streams - vegetation
How do we see Mtsyri in freedom?
Which episodes of Mtsyri’s three-day wanderings do you consider especially important? Why?
Mtsyri’s personality, his character is revealed in what paintings he attracts
hero, and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness and brightness of nature, sharply contrasting with the monotony of monastic existence.
And in close attention with which the hero looks at the world around us, it is felt
love of life, desire for everything beautiful in it, sympathy for all living things .
How were these qualities revealed in the hero who found himself free?
What did Mtsyri learn when he found himself free?
In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. In freedom, he experienced the “bliss of freedom” and became stronger in his thirst for earthly happiness. After living for three days outside the walls of the monastery, Mtsyri realized that he was brave and fearless.
Mtsyri’s “fiery passion”—love for his homeland—makes him purposeful and firm.
Why did Mtsyri die?
Life in the monastery is impossible for Mtsyri, since it is hostile to his dreams and desires. The demand for freedom, the desire for it is inherent in Mtsyri, but the hero is doomed to loneliness among “strangers” - this is the tragedy of Mtsyri’s fate.
Mtsyri's escape- This is an escape from captivity. The hero refuses to obey, he does not accept the values by which everyone else in the Monastery lives, he needs something more.
What does it mean to live for a hero?
To be in constant search, anxiety, fight and win, and
the main thing is to experience the bliss of “holy freedom” - in these experiences
Mtsyri’s fiery character is revealed very clearly. Only the real one
life tests a person and shows what he is capable of.
Did Mtsyri find the answer to the question: “is the earth beautiful”? Why does man live on earth?
Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, experienced joy
communication with her. Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of Mtsyri’s story about what he saw.
His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, gives the hero the answer to the second question: why was man created, why does he live? Man was born for freedom, not for prison.
Why did Mtsyri die? Why, despite the death of the hero, do we not perceive the poem as a gloomy work, full of despair and hopelessness?
The origins of Mtsyri's tragedy lie in the conditions that surrounded the hero from childhood. The circumstances in which he found himself left their mark on him, making him a “prison flower,” and determined the death of the hero. Such a defeat is at the same time a victory: life doomed Mtsyri to eternal slavery, humility, loneliness, but he managed to know freedom, experience the happiness of struggle and the joy of merging with the world. Therefore, his death, despite all the tragedy, makes us proud of Mtsyri and hatred of the conditions that deprive him of happiness.
Conclusion
Mtsyri is a proud, brave, rebellious man who grew up within the walls of a monastery, but one thought only occupied him: where is that wonderful world called freedom? Why was he born? Is this where he belongs, within the walls of a stuffy monastery? And so he decides to escape. During three days of wandering, Mtsyri sees something that he has never seen or experienced in his life: freedom, passion, anxiety, insane joy. But he is doomed: not finding his way home, exhausted and exhausted, he returns to the same monastery... Before his death, he confesses, telling the monk about everything that he managed to see and experience during the “three blessed” days.
Why is “Mtsyri” a romantic poem?
1. A dream is expressed, an ideal opposed to reality.
2. A hero is a person who is at odds with society or is misunderstood by it.
3. The lyrical prevails over the epic. The author does not hide his sympathy for the hero.
6.Working with a printed notebook.
7. Homework.
Every writer persistently searches in the life around him for that hero who would become his ideal, embodying the best traits advanced people of his time; What kind of heroes could the gloomy reality of the 30s of the 19th century, the era of the “blue uniforms” give birth to? Soulless people, “with the decency of masks pulled together”, who feel comfortable and easy in the atmosphere of an all-Russian masquerade, forcing everyone to hide their true views and feelings. Or disillusioned and lost faith in everything, skeptical, who have forgotten how to love and hate passive contemplatives of life, like the heroes of the Duma. It's no wonder that in search ideal hero Lermontov turns to the literature of romanticism, which continues the Byronian traditions and was popular at that time in Russia.
IN romantic image Mtsyri the poet realized his dream of a “fiery soul”, “gigantic nature”, his ideal of a hero who saw the meaning of life in struggle. Characteristic for romantic works the composition of the poem limited the story of the hero's entire life to one small chapter. The external circumstances of Mtsyri’s life only slightly reveal his soul and only outline his character. The story about the “painful illness” of a captive child, his physical weakness, forces us to pay attention to his childish endurance, pride and loneliness among the monks. The character of the hero is fully revealed in his confession to the monk, which makes up almost the entire poem.
The excited monologue of a dying young man introduces the reader into the world of his innermost thoughts, secret feelings and aspirations, and explains the reason for his escape. It's simple. Mtsyri perceives life in the monastery as captivity. This measured, dull existence cannot give the hero happiness, since his first condition is will. This means that monastic life could not kill his aspirations and impulses in Mtsyri; on the contrary, it kindled in him a “fiery passion” that called him “to that wonderful world of worries and battles, where rocks hide in the clouds, where people are free like eagles.” . This passion does not seem exaggerated or unnatural, because the young man, having found himself in abnormal living conditions, was deprived of everything dear to him, without which a person cannot be happy.
I've seen others
Fatherland, home, friends, relatives.
But I didn’t find it at home
Not only sweet souls graves!
The main reason for Mtsyri’s escape—the desire to find his lost homeland—is not the only one. He wants to find out what real life is, “is the earth beautiful,” “we are born into this world for freedom or prison,” that is, he asks philosophical questions of existence. In addition, Mtsyri strives to know himself, because the calm and safe course of life among the monastery walls cannot give him an answer to this question. And only the days spent in freedom, despite the dangers that awaited the hero, gave him a complete feeling and understanding of life.
You want to know what I did
Free? Lived and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age.
Mtsyri's three-day wanderings assured him that the world is beautiful, that man is born free, that he "could not be one of the last daredevils in the land of his fathers." Mtsyri's exclusivity, fortitude, and ferocity of feelings force him to boldly pursue his dream through difficulties and temptations.
The opened world stunned the hero with the brightness of colors, variety of sounds, and filled his soul with a feeling of merging with nature. But this delightful world is fraught with many dangers. In three days, Mtsyri had to experience the fear of the “threatening abyss on the edge,” and thirst, and the “suffering of hunger,” and a mortal fight with a leopard. These difficulties and dangers symbolize those life obstacles that stand in the way of every person, testing his physical and spiritual strength. Mtsyri's "mighty spirit" helps him overcome his physical weakness. This is especially clearly revealed in the battle with the leopard, which became his most severe test. Fragile and weak, he becomes a hero. He is possessed not by fear, but by a thirst for victory, which helps him defeat a dangerous opponent, feel the sweetness of battle and the delight of victory.
The life surrounding Mtsyri constantly puts him before a choice, offering possible paths. A meeting with a Georgian woman promises him the joys of love; calm and serene human happiness. But the hero has a different goal, a higher and more beautiful one. For the sake of achieving it, he finds the strength to overcome “sweet melancholy.”
What a terrible blow his last discovery was for Mtsyri, when he realized that, having gotten lost, he had returned again, now forever, to his former prison. Here, for the first time, he is overcome by despair, as he realizes the hopelessness of his situation, when “there will never be a trace to his homeland.”
And I was scared to understand
I couldn’t for a long time, that again
I returned to my prison;
That so many days are useless
I caressed a secret plan,
He endured, languished and suffered.
In Mtsyri's feverish delirium, the image of a fish appears, which whispers to him about the bliss of peace and sleep, the sweetness of nothingness. But, in essence, this is the same rejection of real life, full of both joys and suffering, which the monastic brethren preached. And such a path is unacceptable for Mtsyri. Even in his dying hour, he retained the gigantic power of spirit, did not betray himself, his dream of his homeland and freedom.
One involuntarily asks the question: why did Mtsyri, who had will, courage, determination, and endurance, still not be able to “go to his native country”? What stopped him? The hero himself ponders this question. He does not spare himself, calling him a “prison flower,” and his “fiery passion” “powerless and empty heat.” But I think the hero is wrong in his harsh self-condemnation. He had all the qualities necessary for victory, but the circumstances in which he found himself deprived him of connections with loved ones, doomed him to loneliness, and did not give him practical experience or knowledge of life. At first glance, it seems that Mtsyri was defeated by fate. But the very fact that he was not afraid to challenge the fate that doomed him to a monastic existence, and managed to live several days exactly as he wanted - in struggle, in search, in the pursuit of freedom and happiness - suggests that in the duel with fate he won a moral victory.
This means that the meaning of Mtsyri’s life and feat is in overcoming the spiritual prison, in the fact that through all his short life he managed to carry a powerful passion for struggle and freedom. Romantic hero Mtsyri became not only Lermontov’s “favorite ideal,” he forced his contemporaries to abandon passivity, apathy and indifference, and affirmed the meaning of life in the struggle to achieve high and humane goals. Mtsyri's feat inspires the reader with the idea of the need to change life for the better, dare to take a “decisive step”, try to become a master and not a slave of his fate.