Tales. Fables for children are short stories about phenomena and actions that do not happen in nature, about things that actually do not and cannot exist. Our ancestors also showed imagination and composed fables that were passed on from mouth to mouth. Children really like these funny rhymes; in addition, they develop the baby’s memory and thinking.
What is a tall tale?
This means: Wolf and Lioness
Bring your guys
By car to kindergarten.
And then they rushed off to the mountains
To work in Children's City,
Where in the "Salon of Kindness"
They give flowers to the Squirrels.
***
Listen guys,
I will sing awkwardly,
A bull is flying on an airplane,
The rooster plows the pig.
A hog is flying on the fence,
Measures leaves by arshin,
Collects on a needle,
To avoid wrinkles.
A cow lies on a ditch
Girdled with sauerkraut,
The dough is kneaded and beaten,
Seasoned with quinoa.
***
The horse ate grass, ate,
And she's tired of weed.
A horse came to the store
And I bought a chocolate bar.
***
Because of the clouds, because of the mountains
Uncle Yegor is coming.
He's on a piebald cart,
On a creaking horse
Belted with an axe,
Boots wide open
Kaftan on bare feet,
And there's a pocket on the head.
***
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Smokes a dried boot.
The telephone pole got married
He took the cart from the bull.
The bull got angry at this
And he killed the samovar.
***
- They say: are you alive and well?
- No, I'm in the hospital.
- They say: are you fed up?
- No, I’m really hungry
I could even swallow a cow!
***
Murzik sculpted from snow
Two-wheeled cart.
The dogs harnessed themselves to it,
We took the cat to the races.
***
The cook is riding on a plate,
Two pots ahead
And the pelvis is behind.
The cook shouts to him:
“Where is my pelvis?”
The cast iron heard
They buzzed like bugs.
The spoons heard
They jumped around like fleas.
The poker went to dance,
And the grip is to sing along with her.
***
Once upon a time there lived grandfather Egor
On the edge of the forest,
He had a fly agaric growing
Right on top of my head.
Elk came out from behind a bush,
I ate a beautiful mushroom
And Yegor whispered:
“We need to clean our ears.”
***
The goat has a beard
Two frogs live
A bear sits on his back
Holds his ears.
***
The wolf worked as a shepherd
At the "Preschool Farm".
Rode with a fiery whip
Harmful on a cow.
Herding fidgety kids
On the candy field.
I told them a secret
How to study at school.
And the boys are tomboys
Cucumbers were picked in the field,
Treated the shepherd
And they laughed: “Ha ha ha!”
***
A hare sits on the fence
In aluminum pants.
Who cares, -
Maybe the hare is an astronaut.
***
Listen guys
I will sing awkwardly,
The pig is laid on the oak tree,
A bear is steaming in a sauna.
***
There are two magpies under the barn
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
They say dogs.
***
At the station in the new hall,
The cat is lying without a head.
While they were looking for the head
The legs got up and walked.
***
A cow is swimming along the river,
Overtook the ship.
A crow stands on its horns
And he rows with a straw.
***
Grandfather is curly without hair,
Thin as a barrel.
He has no children -
Only son and daughter.
***
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Reads a book aloud.
A bear flew to him,
He listens and sighs.
***
Nonsense, nonsense
These are just lies:
Hay being cut on the stove
Rocker crayfish.
***
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
The uncle was riding on horseback
In a chintz carriage.
And behind him at full speed
Jumping steps
The wolf tried to swim across
A bowl of pies.
The hare looked up to the sky,
There's an earthquake
And out of the clouds at him
Jam was dripping.
***
Listen guys
I’ll sing you a fable:
Instead of a pretzel - bagels
The man swallowed the arc.
***
There is a cart on the mountain,
Tears are dripping from the arc.
There is a cow under the mountain,
Puts on boots.
***
From behind the clouds, from the fog
A man rides a ram.
And behind him on mosquitoes
Children are jumping in felt boots,
And the wife is on a flea
Jumps along the path.
***
A hedgehog sits on a pine tree -
New shirt
There's a boot on my head,
There is a cap on his leg.
***
Rides a fox
Chicken on horseback,
A head of cabbage runs
With a somersault hare.
Pike catches in the sea
fisherman's net,
A cow is swimming
In a jar of milk.
grain of wheat
The sparrow is pecking
And the worm to the crow
Carries it in a box.
***
A brick floats down the river
Wooden like glass.
Well, let it float
We don't need plasticine.
This is a fairy tale about a hedgehog
He flies to his nest
And a fly is also an airplane,
Only very small.
***
Where has this been seen?
And in what village was it heard,
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg
Yes, I put it on the shelf.
And the shelf broke off
And the egg didn't break.
The sheep clucked
The filly cackled:
- Oh, where, where, where!
This has never happened to us before,
So that the armless man robs our cage,
The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,
And the blind man was spying,
And the deaf man was eavesdropping,
And the legless man ran after him,
The tongueless “guard” screamed.
***
I bought a lamb bagel
At the market early in the morning
I bought a lamb bagel:
For lambs, for sheep
TEN poppy rings,
NINE dryers,
EIGHT buns,
SEVEN cakes,
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes,
FOUR crumpets,
THREE cakes,
TWO gingerbreads
And I bought ONE roll -
I didn’t forget about myself!
And for the little wife - sunflowers.
At the market early in the morning
I bought a lamb bagel:
For lambs, for sheep
TEN poppy rings,
NINE dryers,
EIGHT buns,
SEVEN cakes,
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes,
FOUR crumpets,
THREE cakes,
TWO gingerbreads
And I bought ONE roll -
I didn’t forget about myself!
And for the wife - sunflowers.
A ship runs across the blue sea,
The gray wolf is standing on the nose,
And the bear fastens the sails.
Zayushka leads the boat by the rope,
The fox looks slyly from behind a bush:
How to steal a bunny
It's like breaking a rope.
I went to the bast mountain to tear up.
I see: the lake is floating on ducks.
I cut down three sticks:
One is spruce, another is birch, the third is rowan.
Threw a spruce tree - did not approve,
Threw the birch tree - threw it.
I threw the rowan tree and it hit.
The lake fluttered up and flew away,
But the ducks remained.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
The lady is traveling on foot
In a chintz carriage.
A hare sits on a pine tree -
He built himself a nest there.
And who cares
Why don't hares have wings?
All the birds flocked:
Tap-dancing sisters,
Cuckoo friend;
Sparrow-brother-in-law
He narrowed his eyes;
Crow Bride
She sat down.
Only there is no groom.
Should I call the rooster?
The old hare is mowing hay,
And the fox is raking.
The fly carries hay to the cart,
And the mosquito throws.
They took us to the hayloft -
A fly screamed from the cart:
“I won’t go to the attic,
I'll fall from there
I'll break a leg,
I’ll be lame.”
Knock, knock, look at the gate:
That's right, someone is coming to visit:
The whole family is coming
A pig is walking ahead.
The goose tuned the harp,
And a rooster with a trumpet.
The cat and the dog were surprised -
They even made peace.
The turnip danced with the poppy,
And parsley with parsnips,
Corn with garlic
Our Tanya with a Cossack.
But I didn’t want carrots
Dance, dance,
Because I couldn't
Dance, dance.
Turu, turu, shepherd boy,
Viburnum footrest.
Where did you fly this summer?
Where did you spend the winter?
- At the Tsar's in Moscow,
In the golden lip.
-What is the king doing?-
- Turu writes a note,
He breathes on the girl.
- Girl, girl,
Go get some water.
- I'm afraid of the wolf.
- Wolves at work,
Owl in the swamp.
- Sovanka, Sovanka,
Shaggy legs,
We ran along the path.
Popov's guys
The peas were threshed
The chains were broken,
They left the barn,
Water the chicken.
Like a feather from a chicken
It rolled
A village near Ivanovo.
Shadow-shadow, shadow,
There is a fence above the city.
The animals sat under the fence.
We boasted all day:
The fox boasted:
- I am beautiful to the whole world!
The bunny boasted:
- Go and catch up!
Hedgehogs boasted:
- Our fur coats are good!
The bear boasted:
- I can sing songs!
Timoshka in a basket
I drove along the path.
The dog on the strip hums,
The bear on the chain breaks,
Agathon is putting on his shoes on the stove.
Fuck, bang, bang,
A mouse rides on hedgehogs.
- Wait, prickly hedgehog,
I can't bear to go any more,
You're very annoying, hedgehog!
Our harrier has
From a dear friend,
Forty tubs
Salty frogs,
Forty barns
Dry cockroaches,
Fifty
Piglets –
Only the legs are hanging.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
“The chickens ate the rooster,”
The dogs talk.
The hut walked along the bridge
And she waved her tail,
Got caught on the railing
It landed right in the river.
There is noise in the river, there is ringing in the river!
Those who don't believe, get out!
Sheep were walking along the road
My feet got wet in a puddle.
One two three four five,
They began to wipe their feet,
Who with a handkerchief
Who is a rag
Who has a holey mitten.
Between heaven and earth
The pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
Hay being cut on the stove
Hammer crayfish.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
There's nonsense on the fence
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
One Sunday.
Fables-shifters - one of the types folk art. The poems contain “unprecedentedness,” nonsense taken to the point of absurdity. The name "shifters" belongs to Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. Children love such poems very much; they help calm the child, distract him from whims and improve his mood.
Chick-chick-chickalochki!
A goose rides on a stick
Duck on a pipe
Chicken on a chick,
Bunny on a wheelbarrow
Boy on a dog.
A village was driving
Past the man
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates are barking.
He grabbed the club
The ax chopped
And for our cat
Ran through the fence.
The rooftops were scared
We sat on the raven,
The horse is racing
A man with a whip.
The cockroach was chopping wood,
He cut off his own head.
The mosquito carried water,
My feet got stuck in the mud.
The flies tore him out
Everyone's stomachs were torn.
Like a rooster bakes pies in the oven,
The cat is sewing a shirt in the window,
A piglet is pounding peas in a mortar,
The horse at the porch kicks with three hooves,
A duck in boots sweeps the hut.
A ship runs across the blue sea,
The gray wolf is standing on the nose,
And the bear fastens the sails.
Zayushka leads the boat by the rope,
The fox looks slyly from behind a bush:
How to steal a bunny
It's like breaking the rope.
Between heaven and earth
The little pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
A village was driving past a man,
Suddenly the gate barks from under the dog.
A stick jumped out with a woman in her hand
And let's bludgeon the horse on the guy.
The horse ate lard, and the man ate oats,
The horse got into the sleigh, and the man drove.
In a new village
Wonderful wonder:
A duck in a skirt
In a blue sheepskin coat.
Cow in matting -
There is nothing more expensive.
Cockerel in boots
Chicken in earrings.
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandfather Egor is coming
On a bulan cart,
On a squeaky horse.
He has boots with a pocket,
And a vest with a heel,
Belted himself with a club,
He leaned on his sash.
Like our Danila
The beast played out:
Sheep - to the Donets,
Cockroaches - to the drums,
Ducks - to the pipes,
Crickets - in bows,
Mosquitoes - into the boilers,
The goat is dancing
He waves his leg.
The cranes went to dance
Debts to show your legs.
Bump, bang, bang, bang,
It took my breath away, brothers!
This, brothers, is not a miracle?
A baton was running with a boy in his hands,
And behind him is a sheepskin coat with a woman on his shoulders.
The whip grabbed the dog to soar the man,
And the man climbed under the gate out of fear.
The village shouted: “The lake is burning!”
They rush to put out the fire with hay and firewood.
Where has this been seen?
And in what village was it heard,
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg
Yes, I took it to the shelf.
And the shelf broke off,
And the egg broke.
The sheep clucked
The filly cackled:
- Oh, where-where-where!
This has never happened to us before,
So that the armless man robs our cage,
The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,
And the blind man was spying,
And the deaf man was eavesdropping,
And the legless one ran away after him,
The tongueless "guard" screamed!
A hedgehog sits on a birch tree -
New shirt
There's a boot on the head,
There is a cap on the leg.
I'll harness the cat to the droshky,
And the kitten in the tarantass
And I'll go around the village
Show off to all the kids.
There is a cart on the mountain,
Tears are dripping from the arc,
There is a cow under the mountain,
Puts on boots.
The market is nonsense
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
One Sunday.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
The chickens ate the rooster
The dogs talk.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies.
Hay being cut on the stove
Hammer crayfish.
Like along the river along Volzhanka
The nightingale floats on a stick.
I sat down on a thin board -
He played a sonorous accordion.
We have horses in galoshes,
And the cow is wearing boots.
We plow on carts,
And they harrow on a sleigh.
Eh, my boots are on cotton wool,
And the underwear is creaky.
Yes, I'm on a piebald cart,
On a pine horse.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
And behind her at full speed,
With quiet steps,
The wolf tried to swim across
A bowl of pies.
Someone looked at the sky -
There's an earthquake
For some reason the cat sneezed -
Tomorrow is Sunday.
Two brothers have arrived
To the village from the village,
One is called Erema,
And the other one's name is Thomas.
So Erema bought a boat,
And Foma bought a shuttle.
Yerema has a boat with a hole,
Thomas has a shuttle without a bottom.
Here Erema began to drown,
Pull Thomas by the legs.
So Thomas went to the bottom,
And Erema has been there for a long time.
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Uncle Yegor was leaving.
He's on a cart,
On a squeaky horse.
He smeared the wheels with oats,
I gave the horse tar to drink,
He was soldered with an ax,
I used a sash to chop wood.
Here Yegor drives into the yard,
He unharnesses his Daria,
And he takes the horse,
Leads straight to the upper room.
Unprecedented and unheard of!
A duck sits on the fence
Sings a sonorous song,
And Yegorov’s old woman
He chews fresh hay...
Unprecedented and unheard of!
I sat down on a tree stump and sat there all day.
A cockroach walked by and beat a drum.
He saw my grief.
“Go,” he says, “across the blue sea!
Livestock is cheap overseas: bulls are traded for gadflies,
Another is full of flies, the third is full of mosquitoes.
I went overseas. My cattle began to be exchanged.
Exchanged all three bags.
And the road home is long. How to forward?
I took my cattle across the sea to my village
Throw by the tails. Swept up all the cattle
I left one bull for myself.
He swung it, threw it - and he himself
I jumped down, thinking that there was grandma’s stove below,
And he ended up in a swamp and got stuck up to his shoulders.
I fought and fought and barely got out.
I washed myself off - and now I’ve come to you!
Once upon a time there lived a toddler,
He had such a long mustache!
Put on the little one
Kartuz,
He put a watermelon on his cap,
For watermelon - radish,
For radishes - carrots,
For carrots - cabbage,
For cabbage - beets,
For beets - peas,
For peas - cucumber...
Here's the book
End.
- Boring tales
- I'm afraid of Baba Yaga!!!
- Tongue Twisters
Tales
Basic concepts: definition, features of existence, terminology, features ( figurative system, anthropomorphism, composition, rhyming), storytelling techniques, forms, genre models.
Existence of the genre. Fables, or fables, represent special genre folklore, found among all peoples as an independent piece of art or as part of a fairy tale, epic, epic, buffoon.
The genre is equally widespread in both adults and children's repertoire. The difference is in the shape. In works performed for children or by children, “the fable takes the form of a song, a rhymed sentence (counting), silence, a tease, a pester, etc.”
Children are attracted to works where absolutely incredible events unfold; there was a rearrangement of the object of action or signs characterizing various objects; the functions and properties of one object were attributed to another. “Violation of the correct coordination of things causes laughter in children, and the greater this violation, the stronger the feeling of funny,” noted O.I. Kapitsa.
Definition. Typically, researchers consider fables to be “works of various genres that depict reality with deliberate violation chronological sequence events, cause-and-effect relationships, etc. and creating complete inconsistencies artistic painting peace."
The name of the “fable” was probably given by the performers themselves:
Allow me, brothers, a tale from piebalds,
A tall tale, a tall tale.
I will sing an old thing, unprecedented, but unheard of.
Their important property is illogicality. Object world, pets, birds - everything in fables is shown from the “absurd” side.
The second property is caused by attributing to one object the properties of another. It was noted, in particular, by K.I. Chukovsky, who called such works “reversals” by analogy with the English “Topsy-turvy Rhymes” - “poems topsy-turvy, rhymes topsy-turvy.” The name “shifters” partly coincides with the German name “Verkehre Welt” - “inverted world”.
Studying, O.I. was one of the first in Russian literary criticism to consider upside-down songs. Kapitsa, her conclusions were subsequently confirmed by English scientists I. Oupy and P. Oupy in the book “Folklore and Language of Schoolchildren,” published in Cambridge in 1959. Around the same time, V.P. Anikin fixed the double name of this form.
At the same time, some researchers make a distinction between them E.M. Levina believes that it is necessary to distinguish between fables and inversions. The difference between Them is observed in the unique nature of the action: in a fable, anthropomorphism becomes the main principle (animals performing the work of people, acquiring human nicknames and qualities).
In the shifter, reverse coordination takes place, the animals perform the same work, but do it in an unusual way - they mow hay with hammers, sew up the caftan with a broom. The time characteristics are also unusual: in fables, the disasters of birds and insects are depicted as a global catastrophe; in shapeshifters, the characters move across the sea on a sieve, and confuse the seasons.
Any deviation from the norm helped the child to seek and find his or her reference points in space. These became associative connections. The inverted world made it possible to look at everyday things differently, to define them, to highlight and emphasize individual qualities.
M.N. Melnikov clarifies that the analysis of texts published by V.I. Dahlem, suggests that fables were created by adults and for adults. Therefore, they cannot be attributed to the creativity of children; rather, we are talking about original arrangements or adaptation of individual forms by the children's audience.
It is no coincidence that shifters were actively used by folk pedagogy, activating the child’s cognitive activity and developing his ability to see the comic:
Cat on a basket
Sews a fly
Cat on the bed
Indicates:
Not so, cat
Not so, little bowl,
Not so skull
Our Ivan is great.
Peculiarities. Fables are distinguished by the playful nature of shapeshifters; Chukovsky considered them a mental game: “The child plays not only with pebbles, cubes, dolls, but also with thoughts.” Having learned to put together stories, the child begins to turn them into his own stories - “the desire to play shifters is inherent in almost every child at a certain stage of his mental life.”
Circle of images children's fable was predetermined by the conditions peasant life, they were attended by acquaintances peasant child Since childhood, animals, birds, insects. Only they dressed like people: “a goat in a sundress,” “a chicken in boots,” “a duck in a skirt.” The animals performed the same duties: “the hen swept the hut, swept the hut, put the little one under the threshold”, “the cat crushes crackers on the stove, the cat sews a fly.”
Moving animals into an environment unusual for them, where they were forced to act in an unusual way, led to the creation comic effect. It happened that some animals were attributed the properties of others: “a bear flies through the sky, waves its ears and paws, straightens its gray tail,” “a dog gave birth to a bull,” “a little pig laid an egg.”
The main technique becomes anthropomorphism: animals, insects, birds dressed in human clothes and were endowed with human qualities, properties and vices. They performed the same actions as humans. People also worked and acted in an inappropriate environment: “the men on the street were cutting fishing) they beat, they catch fish.” Animals were used in an unusual way: “Foma rides a chicken, Timoshka rides a cat”; “The man was plowing mosquitoes and driving them away with a baton.”
Compared to fairy tales, the anthropomorphism of fables has its own characteristics. The similarity was manifested in the humanization of animals, but in the fairy tale the animal appears as a bearer of certain qualities: the fox was distinguished by a crafty disposition, turned out to be resourceful, capable of theft; the bear, on the contrary, is always clumsy and slow-witted.
In fables, the characterization changes. Here are some fabled songs, the first of which features animals in disguise, and the second of which shows costumed animals dancing:
Ulyana, Ulyana,
Get in the sleigh,
Come with us
To a new village.
In the new village
In the old village
You will see a lot of wonders:
Chicken in earrings,
A goat in new trousers,
Goat in a sundress
And the bull is in leather,
Duck in a skirt
Drake in necklaces,
Cow in matting -
There is nothing more expensive!
At our Danila's
The brute played out
And cows and bulls
Adam's apples gaped,
Ducks to the pipes,
Cockroaches to the drums;
Goat in a blue sundress,
In linen pants
In woolen stockings,
The ox is dancing
He waves his leg,
The cranes went to dance
Debts to show your legs,
Bang, bang, bang.
A family of goats doing peasant work:
The goat grinds flour,
The goat is sleeping
And the little goats
They walk in the barns.
By shape a fable is a short plot sketch, an everyday picture with specific content without a beginning or ending. Let's give an example of a fable, where actors are insects: cockroaches, mosquito, louse, flea:
The cockroach was chopping wood,
A mosquito walked on the water
My feet got stuck in the mud.
The flea raised -
My stomach was torn.
The louse was heating the bathhouse,
Gnitka cooked lye,
The louse went to steam
I fell out of a frenzy,
Hit the tub edge-on,
Thank God I died
The whole world is tired of it.
Plot completeness of the description, saturation with specific details, visual inconsistencies determine the semantic capacity, accurate and spectacular transmission of actions
Compositionally the upside-down consists of action pictures arranged in a chain and loosely connected to each other. It involves a rearrangement of the object of action or features that characterize different objects. Sometimes this verbal fun “takes on the character of a game of slip of the tongue”:
Where has this been seen?
Where have you heard this?
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The piglet laid an egg,
The armless man robbed the cage,
He put it in the bosom of a naked man,
The legless man ran skipping
The ending in fables is absent or does not affect the main content, being perceived as a complete summary:
The nit made alkali,
The louse went to steam
I fell out of a frenzy,
I hit the tub on the edge.
Thank God I died
The whole world is tired of it.
Some researchers believe that the opening, on the contrary, plays an important semantic role: “it immediately emphasizes that we are talking about nonsense, a fable that is not believed in.”
Narration in a fable it is told from the first or third
At our Danila's
The brute played out.
I lived with my mother
In a pine hut.
Slept on a pillow
On a feather bed.
The nature of rhyme in fables is varied. The most common adjacent rhymes are:
And the owner is putting on his shoes on the stove,
And the bear hangs around on the road,
And the pig is pushing oats under the bridge,
And the frog in the yard sings songs.
An example of cross rhyme combined with internal rhyme:
The goat sows flour
The goat is sowing
And the lambs are cool
They play the pipe
And white-sided magpies
Legs top top,
And the owls from the coal
The eyes clap-clap.
Internal rhymes are often found in combination with paired rhymes.
Jump-jump,
Young blackbird.
Changelings vary according to the genre model; sometimes it’s a short joke:
Eh, my boots are on cotton wool,
And the underwear is creaky.
Yes, I'm on a piebald cart
On a pine horse.
But maybe a whole song:
The bast is belted by a man.
A village was driving in the middle of a man,
Look from under the dog the gate is barking;
The gate is colorful, the dog is new.
The man grabbed the dog
And let's hit the stick.
The dog pressed the barn
Yes, she ran away.
The hut came to the man
There the woman is kneading the kneading dough.
There are reversals in the form of a narrative:
I got up in the morning, put shoes on my bare feet, put on an ax, tucked three skis into my belt, belted myself with a club, and supported myself with a sash. I did not walk along the wrong path; he tore up mountains near the basts; I went into an open field and saw a cow milking a woman under an oak tree. I say: “Auntie, mommy, give me one and a half cups of unleavened milk.” She didn't give it. I went out into the street: there was a husky dog (like a dog barking) at me; How should I defend myself? I saw a sleigh on the road, grabbed the sleigh from the shaft, gave the husky a whip and went home.
IN in this case the plot unfolds as unusual story, which happened to the narrator himself. EAT. Levina believes that even when there are “motives of prosaic fables, repetitions rhythmically organize them.”
...Yes, not a chicken on the stupa soyagnilas,
A cow skied,
Yes, the pig built a nest in the spruce tree.
Yes, she made a nest and raised children.
Little children and little pigs.
The little piggy is still hanging from the branches,
Hanging on the branches and flying though.
Butt-eared pig
I built a nest on an oak tree,
Piglets piglets
Exactly sixty.
Released the piglets
All according to little bitches.
The piglets are squealing
I want to fly.
O.I. Kapitsa noted that fables are accompanied by so-called “big songs.” In most of them, the characters are animals that act like people. She considers the following to be the most common: “Goat”, “Matchmaking of an Owl”, “War of the Mushrooms”, “Tickety”, “Death and Funeral of a Mosquito”, “Let’s go, little wife, to make a house”, “I lived with the priest”.
Similar songs by P.V. Shane calls them satirical and buffoonish. “Almost all of them,” he notes, “are distinguished by a clear satirical character, the meaning and purpose of which have been smoothed out over time, as a result of which they have largely lost interest for people of older generations. But, thanks to the abundance of alliterations, tautologies and rhymes, as well as the ease of remembering their simple musical motives, they, so to speak, asked for their invaluable services to mothers, nannies, and mentors, for whom they were the most desirable, the most convenient and suitable means of borrowing and amuse your own and others' little ones in a pleasant way. These little ones, having grown up into adolescence, begin to use these same songs and jokes with pleasure.”
The lack of precise terminology led to the fact that in the first meeting of the “Russian folk songs"P. Shane placed these songs in the children's section, and in Velikorussa he transferred them to the group of humorous songs for adults.
Among the big songs, we will first point out the song about the “goat”, widespread among Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians. O.I. Kapitsa gives more than 10 versions of the song. It tells that grandmother's favorite goat went for a walk in the forest, and there he was torn to pieces by wolves. Professor V.N. Peretz points to the prototype of this song, found in a collection of Polish songs by Gintovt and Rudnitsky dating back to 1713.
Here is the beginning of the most common version of this song:
Once upon a time there lived a gray goat with my grandmother,
Grandma loved the goat very much.
The goat decided to take a walk in the forest,
Gray wolves attacked the goat,
All that remains are the goat's horns and legs.
After each line the refrain “That’s how, that’s how” and two last words. Gradually, the text, simple in structure, develops into a song filled with various events, where a goat meets wolves and dies.
At the beginning, grandma's goat boasts:
Kill seven wolves
Sew a fur coat for Baba.
The goat turns out to be a coward and, upon meeting the bunny and the little fox, asks:
Aren't you my death?
Won't you eat me?
The animals respond to this
I am not your death
I won't eat you.
I'm already a bunny
I'm already white.
The goat then encounters seven wolves who attack him. The grandmother finds only his remains and arranges a wake for her pet. O.I. Kapitsa also gives an option with a happy ending, in which the goat deals with the wolves and returns home unharmed:
Oh you, grandma,
You, Varvarushka,
Open the gates
Take the goat.
The song ended up in a children's book and was widely used for pedagogical purposes. O.I. Kapitsa believed that it provides material for active children's games with singing for little ones, since “of all the big songs, it is especially close to children in form and content, which explains its popularity.” S.Ya. Marshak adapted the song into a play for children's theater and for the Petrushka Theater. Obviously, O.I. Kapitsa is referring to S. Marshak’s play “The Tale of the Goat.”
No less common in terms of the number of variants is the song “Matchmaking and Wedding of an Owl”, in which birds act. It clearly has a satirical orientation. The characteristics of the birds that are offered to the bullfinch as a wife are distinctive. All of them are endowed with human qualities:
I would take a jackdaw - she has a club foot.
I would take the crow - she’s black.
I would take a swallow - she is fidgety.
I would take the cuckoo - it’s sad, etc.
At the same time, the groom is trying to find out and business qualities of his bride:
Do you, little owl, know how to spin and weave?
Do you know how to plow arable land?
Collections of children's fairy tales include the song “War of the Mushrooms”:
War was starting
In broad daylight.
It’s already started to fire,
The smoke just started pouring out.
As they said to the war
To our entire village,
Thought about it White mushroom -
Colonel to all mushrooms,
Sitting under the oak tree,
Looking at the mushrooms.
He turns to different mushrooms, but everyone refuses to go to war: the saffron milk caps say:
We are rich men
Not to blame for the regiments
Openki answer:
Our legs are very thin
We are not going to war, etc.
Finally, the milk mushrooms agree:
We guys are friendly
Give us sabers, guns,
We are protectors of the village,
We are going to war.
Children's songs are a parody of historical songs composed at the end of the 18th century under the influence of the Pugachev uprising. The lyrics ridiculed those who refused to go fight.
The songs “Let’s make a house, little wife,” and “I lived with the priest” are built on a number of onomatopoeias and names that characterize animals. The first song lists the animals purchased for the farm, the second - the animals given by the master to the worker for his service. Here's how the animals are characterized:
And the heifer is a boaster,
My mother-pester ram,
Kozinka Bela-Rusa,
The motley-pockmarked pig,
My duck is a float
My goose is a water sponge, etc.
Here is an example of onomatopoeia:
Kozynka - meke-keke,
Lamb - bya-bya, bya-bya,
Svinushka - rumbling, rumbling,
Turkey - shuldy-buldy,
Goose - ha-ga-gaga, etc.
Interaction of fables with literary forms. M.N. Melnikov and E.M. Levin shows the appearance of shapeshifters based on the book tradition: “A suitcase was sailing on the sea,” “The hut was walking along the bridge...”, “It was in January, the first of April.”
There are parodies of modern popular songs:
At the edge of the forest
Winter lived in a hut.
She cooked people...
Such texts contain motives of intimidation that are organically included in the structure of the genre. This circumstance brings parody songs closer to “ scary stories"and shows that the genre has not lost popularity in the modern children's environment.
Fables in verse are considered great entertainment for children. It would seem that these poems are short and silly, but they evoke cheerful, infectious laughter in kids. If your child laughs at fables, and even tries to come up with something similar himself, it means that the child has a good sense of humor. After all, it is the nonsense in poetry that makes us adults smile and the children have fun. Read our short fables in verse and laugh at them with your children.
Who will believe that this happens?
Who would believe that this happens
A cat walks with a mouse in an embrace.
A wolf pushes a sheep in a stroller.
And in the evening he reads fairy tales to her.
The fish sings songs like a bird.
The coward hunter is afraid of the hare
The toad flutters from branch to branch...
Who will believe that this happens?
Tall tale
Two bears were sitting
On a thin bitch
One was reading a newspaper,
Another was grinding flour.
One peek-a-boo, two peek-a-boo
They both fell into the flour.
Mom saw
I told my dad.
Dad was surprised
Fell down the stairs.
From the stairs to the street,
From the street to chicken
From chicken to rooster.
This is such nonsense.
Vanya rode on a horse
It’s not in vain that I praise myself,
I tell everyone and everywhere,
Any suggestion
I'll repeat it right away.
Vanya rode on a horse,
Led the dog on a belt,
And the old lady at this time
I washed the cactus on the window.
Vanya rode on a horse,
Led the dog on a belt,
Well, the cactus at this time
Washing the old lady on the window...
Vanya rode on a horse,
Led the old lady on a belt,
And the dog at this time
I washed Vanya on the window...
I know what I'm saying.
I said that I would repeat it
So it came out without errors,
Why should I boast in vain?
Joy
Glad, glad, glad
Light birch trees,
And on them with joy
Roses are growing.
Glad, glad, glad
Dark aspens,
And on them with joy
Oranges are growing.
It wasn't rain that came from a cloud
And not hail
It fell from the cloud
Grape.
And the crows over the fields
Suddenly the nightingales began to sing.
And streams from underground
Sweet honey flowed.
The chickens became peahens,
Bald and curly.
Even the mill
She danced near the bridge.
So run after me
To green meadows,
Where above the blue river
A rainbow-arc appeared.
We are jumping up for the rainbow,
Let's play in the clouds
And from there down the rainbow
On sleds, on skates!
Tall tale
Where has this been seen, where has this been heard?
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg
Yes, I took it to the shelf.
And the shelf broke off,
And the egg broke.
The sheep clucked
The filly cackled:
- Oh, where-where-where!
This has never happened to us before,
So that the armless man robs our cage,
The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,
And the blind man was spying,
And the deaf man was eavesdropping,
And the legless Vogon ran,
The tongueless “guard” screamed!
Short tales
They blossomed in the garden
Cacti in the garden.
And there's a hippopotamus in the lilacs
Sings sweetly.
Our cat got sick
Her leg is sneezing.
Take a radish from the ground
Heal your sore pussy.
At the feeder in the yard
Birds jump in January:
Sparrow, bullfinch and swift,
Nightingale, goat and mouse.
Worn by Manechka
Mittens for feet
Attached to my head
Red boots.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
And behind her at full speed
With quiet steps
The wolf tried to swim across
Sea with pies.
There's nonsense on the fence
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
One Sunday.
The devil smeared his nose
Pomaded my hands
And brought it from the cellar
Fried pants.
Between heaven and earth
The pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
By the swamp in the snow
A mosquito bit a flea.
A hare sits on a birch tree
Dies laughing.
At Egorov's yard
Very fun, yay!
And at our gates
Everything goes the other way around.
The chicken went to the pharmacy
And she said to the crow,
Give me powder and perfume
To attract roosters.
We'll harness the cat to the droshky,
And the kitten in the tarantass
And we'll eat around the village
Show off to all the girls.
The rain is warming,
The sun is pouring.
The miller is grinding
Water in the well.
Laundress on the stove
Washing the trough.
Grandma in the river
I fried the sieve.
Two cheerful little ones,
Sitting deftly on the stove,
They picked watermelons from the apple tree,
They pulled carrots in the sea.
Crayfish are ripe on the branches,
Seven herrings and ruffs.
All the neighborhood dogs
We ate rutabaga to our hearts' content.
The dog sits down to play the accordion,
Red cats dive into the aquarium,
Canaries begin to knit socks,
Children water their flowers from a watering can,
The old man is lying on the window, sunbathing,
And my granddaughter’s grandmother plays with dolls,
And the fish read funny books,
Little by little, he took them away from the boy.
Everything happens in the world
Happens in the world.
And miracles happen
They do, believe me!
And maybe,
- It could be! —
We'll hear one day
What wings are in the store
Available for citizens!
And maybe someday
Waking up early in the morning,
What if someone's mother says
Natasha or Tanya:
“Put on your wings, daughter,
Fly, daughter, to the bakery,
Buy some sugar, daughter
And two good buns!”
And maybe…
That's great!
Seryozha to his friend Kostya
Flies across the street
On business or on a visit...
And maybe suddenly...
It could be like that
It happens that someday
The teacher will say:
“We’re going to the circus, guys!
More alive - wings on your back!
Seryozha, Zina, will you be there soon?
And the whole class is suddenly having fun
Will fly over the noisy city!.
And the wings will be different:
Orange, white...
Which ones do we want?
This is what we will do!
***
Two bears were sitting
On a thin bitch
One was reading a newspaper,
Another was grinding flour.
One - peek-a-boo! Two - peek-a-boo!
They both fell into the flour!
Nose in flour
The tail is in flour!
Ear in sour milk!
Tall tale
Guys, I once
Made friends with crucian carp.
A crucian carp came to me
Chat about this and that.
He knew how to dance the hopak,
Sang folk songs
And he was a master at cooking
The dishes are excellent.
Sewed, knitted and embroidered -
Cross stitch and satin stitch.
How did he manage to do this?
I can't understand.
He was brave in everything he did
I took on anything...
I just couldn't swim
And he was afraid of water.
My friend said...
My friend said:
"All the goats
can fly,
like dragonflies.
Then he said: -
And all are bulls
they know how to buzz
like, bugs.
And we, boys,
by the way,
We love teaching lessons very much.
We love to make the bed
and wash your hands with soap,
and we have no habit at all
pulling girls' pigtails,
tease dogs
chase cats...
It's like that!
At least I’m ready to argue!”
He said - and, shaking my hand,
headed somewhere...
But he was wrong about something
isn't it, guys?
(A. Kostetsky, translated by V. Korchagin)
There are bears on the side
It's sad that they don't suck the paw.
Bees are good neighbors
They bring honey as a gift.
The wolf lives nearby
But his howl is not heard,
He doesn't touch the sheep
He eats grass.
What's that invisible hat?
There are miracles everywhere here:
Marvel at how they sleep in an embrace
There is a bunny and a fox in the hole.
How can you not dream about it?
Does everyone live in harmony there?
Mice go for advice
To kind, affectionate cats.
A fox walked, swiping its tail
And she shook her horns.
Grew up on an empty stump
Box of pies.
Suddenly a crow flew in
With wolf teeth.
Ate raspberry pies
Having eaten mushrooms.
Fish walk along the path
They wave their fins,
The hedgehog carries an elephant on its back,
Chickens plow the land.
A hare chases a lion
And he growls terribly.
The mole is building a house under the tree
From red rowan.
The wolf flies behind the cloud,
Mice are dancing in a circle.
And sits at the bottom of the river
There is a frog under the umbrella.
Above a funny fable
The blue sun is frolicking.
And in the green clouds
The elephant skates.
(I. Gurina)
Confusion
I get up in the evening
And in the morning I go to bed.
The rooster cackles
A goose crows.
I dress for a doll
I wash with a broom
And there's wood in the stove
I light it with a saw.
I pour in three soups
In a saucepan with an egg.
Song with a lid,
Pan with an end.
A village was driving past a man,
And the gate barks from under the dog.
He snatched the cart from under the whip
And let's bludgeon the gates with it.
The roofs got scared, they sat on the crows,
The horse urges the man on with a whip.
Driving, driving along the path
Timoshka in a basket,
Petka in a boot,
Kuzka on one leg,
Senka in a glass,
And Vanya is on a cockroach.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late, at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
There lived a tall citizen
Vertically challenged.
And walk him through the window
It was very simple.
Once on a frosty summer day
In the morning towards evening
Sweltering from the heat
Suddenly he climbed onto the stove.
With marmalade in his beard
To your dad
A bear swam in a frying pan
For curly porridge!
A watermelon is flying above the ground,
He chirps and whistles:
-I am mustard, I am lemon!
I'm closed for renovations!
Yam-tiryam-tiryam, in a stroller
Two mustachioed pandemoniums
Barefoot, running
They catch the wind with their boots!
A buffet runs along the river,
In it lies
A big secret,
He's acting in films
Everyone will love it!
(Yu. Moritz)
What are fables?
First of all, this is a way to develop logical thinking. Very interesting and exciting. Tales (children's) are short stories or funny poems where everything is the other way around. For example, a cat lives in a booth and guards the house, and a dog catches mice. A logically reasoning kid will immediately notice where the discrepancy lies and will definitely correct the storyteller.
Examples
There are a lot of fables that were written quite a long time ago. Here is one of them:
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Reads a book aloud.
A bear flew to him,
He listens and sighs.
Such short fables for children really help develop logical thinking. Firstly, hares do not sit on birch trees, but jump on the grass. Secondly, they don’t read books either. Thirdly, bears cannot fly. Even a two-year-old child will quickly be able to understand what the catch is in such a rhyme. 
“Vanya rode on a horse...”
Such fables (for children) as about Vanya on a horse, leading a dog on a belt, are not too short. Therefore, it is better to tell them to more conscious children. For example, older preschoolers or younger schoolchildren. It is noteworthy that around the fifth grade, children are often forced to learn this famous fable, since it develops memory, logic and attention well (you need to keep track of exactly what order the sentences in the rhyme are in). 
What else is the benefit
Unfortunately, modern children spend too much time watching cartoons and animated series. This significantly affects their worldview. So, some kids do not distinguish reality from virtuality at all. Therefore, it is worth not only giving up this kind of leisure, but also studying folk tales for children. They will help determine how real this or that event is. Eg:
Between heaven and earth
The little pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
The child should be told that pigs are found in barns or on special farms, and not on clouds. But you can’t cling to the sky with your tail. It’s even better if you have pictures with the real state of affairs at hand: here is the mother pig, here are the piglets, here is the barn, here is the one who feeds the animals. Such simple short fables for children will be much better than any cartoons and comics about superheroes that do not exist in nature. 
Where did they come from?
In general, this genre was originally invented by our ancestors, who composed poems and songs according to the principle “I say what I want.” Well-known fable poems for children like:
A cat barks from a basket,
Potatoes grow on a pine tree,
The sea flies across the sky
The wolves ate my appetite.
The ducklings croak loudly,
Kittens croak subtly.
And about a brick that, like glass, floats down the river. They were invented a long time ago, but they are still in demand today. Firstly, it's funny, it develops a sense of humor. Secondly, when thinking about the topic given by the verse, the child turns on logic. 
Marshak and his tales
This one has famous writer, like Samuel Marshak, many such works came from the pen. One of them is called “Fairy tale”. It's pretty long piece worthy of attention. This kind of fable is suitable for children in the 3rd grade of school. How can the work be useful? Firstly, we are talking about pioneers, who no longer exist in our time. That is, you can tell the children about who they were, what they did, what they wore. Secondly, the poems have a deep meaning that even such small schoolchildren can understand.
“He’s so absent-minded...”
Although this is not short fables for children, it is still a work worthy of attention. Firstly, here we are talking about something that is so familiar to kids: how to dress in the morning, how to manage their business. Very young children can read the work line by line so that they have time to appreciate both the humor and the lack of logic in the actions of the main character. After all, they don’t put a frying pan on their head instead of a hat, and they don’t put their hands in their trousers. Marshak really tried, creating such a beautiful, useful and fun work that has not lost its relevance for many years. 
Changelings
This term was coined by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky, who was a master at writing funny nonsense. But inverted tales for children are nothing more than funny nonsense, nonsense, something that cannot exist in nature. For example:
A hedgehog sits on a pine tree -
New shirt
There's a boot on my head,
There is a cap on his leg.
This doesn’t happen in the real world, but it’s fun and funny. Such inversions (when everything is turned upside down) can interest even the most restless child. Especially if you set the right tone for the story, pause in in the right places, semantic stresses and amplifications to make it more interesting to listen and perceive.
Write or read?
Many parents wonder whether they should come up with stories themselves or take ones that have already been written before. It all depends on how well the imagination works in adults, how well the child perceives information by ear. There is a whole category of kids who do not like to listen when they are read to. But the stories are received with a bang by them. In this case, you need to either memorize poems or compose them. The latter is not as difficult as it seems. Rhyme does not have to be present in all lines. For example:
The cat found a watermelon in the forest
Traded it for lard
The bear hides an ace in its paw,
He doesn't have enough honey.
Such a crazy poem can be composed on the fly, in just a couple of seconds. The baby will only have to figure out what is true and what is fiction. For example, a bear really loves honey, there is always little of it, but he cannot hide an ace in his paw, since he is still an animal, not a person.
What should educators and teachers do?
Of course, both of them are simply not able to come up with new rhymes for children on their own every time. Therefore, it is wiser to turn to already written works. So, for example, in children's preschool and school ( younger age) the anthology contains many examples of folk tales and those written by famous authors. Eg:
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late, at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
This is from the people. Or the work “On the Horizont Islands” by Boris Zakhoder. It consists entirely of fables and improbables, of what cannot be or can be, but vice versa. If you introduce children to such a poetic story, there is an opportunity to develop not only logical thinking, but also to significantly influence the child’s worldview. For kids who are still in kindergarten, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky’s poetic fable “Confusion” will be interesting, which talks about how animals stopped being themselves. This is a simple, light and funny work that teaches that everyone has their place in the world, everyone has their own purpose, and if everything is mixed up, then life will become much more difficult. When choosing a work, you should first pay attention to what is more interesting for the baby to listen to, as well as to the age, because not all poems can be understood at two or three years old or even at five years old.