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Can authors of works predict the future? Presentation of "predictions in art"

Predictions in art

Art. 9th grade

Subject: Art anticipates the future.



Prediction - this is a message about some event that will certainly happen in the future.


Artistic thinking, better than other people, is developed among artists, composers, writers, whose profession is the creative completion of reality. They are the ones who most often make amazing predictions, which often come true after a while.

Works of art have more than once anticipated historical events, scientific discoveries, development of technical progress.



Minkowski, he declared that our reality is four-dimensional space-time (“Time Machine”).



"Time Machine"- the first science fiction novel by H.G. Wells, which describes a journey into the world of the future, inhabited by two types of creatures into which man has turned: the Morlocks, who live in the underworld and serve machines, and the fragile Eloi, completely unsuited for work. Over the millennia, both of them practically lost their minds, turning into half-animals.



In 1898, he predicted wars involving poison gas, aircraft, and laser-like devices.

"War worlds"

"War in the Air"

« When sleeping will wake up"


In 1905 he described a civilization of intelligent ants "Kingdom of Ants"


In the novel "World Liberated"(1914) mentions the Second World War, which started in the 1940s. There is also an “atomic bomb” dropped from an airplane and based on the splitting of an atom


In 1923 Wells first introduced into science fiction parallel worlds "People are like gods"


"The first people on Moon"

Wells also discovered such ideas as antigravity, pace of life accelerator and much more .


Alexander Romanovich Belyaev

Soviet writer science fiction writer, one of the founders of Soviet science fiction literature.




"KEC Star" (KETS are the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky) Sometimes he is called the Russian "Jules Verne"


Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Russian Soviet writer and public figure, Count.


Earthlings end up on Mars and discover a humanoid civilization there and become catalysts for a social explosion. The daughter of the head of the High Council, Aelita, falls in love with an earthly engineer. However, the revolution provoked by earthlings is defeated, and they return to Earth.



Fine art


Leonardo da Vinci was truly a genius. A bright representative of the “universal man” type, who contained all the key moments of the era and expressed them in his activities, he made a truly enormous contribution to the development of science.


Having constructed the “machine” of Leonardo da Vinci according to the drawings, the researchers proved that exactly he owns the “copyright” for a parachute, helicopter, scuba gear, machine gun, car and a lot of other mechanisms, without which it is impossible to imagine modern civilization. So, prototype of the modern tank became a heavy van developed by the genius of the 15th century, encased in armor and armed with cannons on all sides.


Leonardo da Vinci known as a designer of weaving looms, printing machines, woodworking and earth-moving machines, glass grinding devices, and metallurgical furnaces. After observing scenes of military battles, Leonardo created a portable ladder ideal for storming palaces and fortresses. Nowadays, this device is used to rescue people in fires.


Inventions

  • Parachute
  • Wheel lock
  • Bike
  • Tank
  • Lightweight portable bridges for the army.
  • Spotlight
  • Catapult
  • Robot
  • Two-lens telescope.
  • Inventions

Mirror letter Was this a ploy to keep his notes confidential, or simply to avoid smearing ink, since Leonardo wrote with his left hand?

Whatever the reasons, most of Leonardo da Vinci's recordings were made in mirror images.

Scuba Da Vinci's fascination with the sea resulted in many sketches of devices for studying underwater life. His diving suit was made of leather and attached to a reed tube leading to a bell on the surface.

The artist’s practicality is proven by the elaboration of even such details as a container for collecting a diver’s urine.


Rotating bridge This type of bridge, designed by Leonardo da Vinci, would have been useful to the armies of the time. Consisting of one span, the bridge was attached to the bank with a vertical hinge, which allowed it to rotate. Such bridges could be installed quite quickly. winged glider The conquest of the air element interested the genius no less than the conquest of the sea element. Here is one of the gliders designed by Da Vinci. The open-cockpit glider was equipped with a control system for the pilot, but was propelled by moving wings.

Three-barreled gun Despite his generally peaceful disposition, Leonardo also developed military vehicles. For example, more effective guns. This lightweight concept could very well become terrible weapon on the battlefield.



"Apocalypse"


On the eve of the 16th century artist returned to Nuremberg after his first trip to Italy.

At this time, Germany was experiencing great turmoil: crop failure, famine, cruel exactions. A wave of popular riots arose throughout the country, brutally suppressed by the princes and the Inquisition.

These days Dürer creates a series of woodcuts "Apocalypse" . The series includes 15 engravings illustrating Revelation of John the Theologian. The characters in the engravings are dressed in the costumes of his time, the canonical images are devoid of holiness..


Although the popularity of the series' engravings was linked to the widespread expectation of the end of the world in 1500, Apocalypse has powerful political overtones. The artist unequivocally hints that the princes and clergy are to blame for the events that took place in Germany - it is these people who will face terrible punishment. "The Four Horsemen" The Apocalypse symbolizes war, pestilence, judgment and death.


All four horsemen are the personification of famous biblical images. The first - the archer - is the Winner.




Study of the mathematical model of the paintings of the great Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh showed that some of his paintings depict real turbulent (vortex) flows invisible to the eye that arise during the rapid flow of a liquid or gas, for example, when gas flows out of a jet engine nozzle.





K. F. Yuon before the revolution he had already developed as an artist.

Moscow and Moscow suburbs, the Russian province and ancient Russian cities with their unique architecture and colorful crowds of people.



The artist translated revolutionary events into a cosmic, fantastic plane.

In the picture there are no real signs of life. This depicts the approach of some unknown planet to the Earth. In its rays, small figures of people rush about in fear. This is how the artist conveyed the events and upheavals of the revolutionary time.


Example such a phenomenon as prediction in art the painting “Bolshevik” can be considered B. M. Kustodieva.


B.M. KUSTODIEV

"BOLSHEVIK"

The main character of the picture, a Bolshevik, is depicted against the backdrop of the city. The Bolshevik is taller than all the houses and even the church, and his red banner obscures blue sky. Compared to the Bolshevik, the people look insignificant. In his painting, B. M. Kustodiev used a metaphor that for many years they could not unravel.



During the initial period of creativity K.S.Petrov-Vodkin was strongly influenced foreign masters. Since the 1910s, he moved from allegorical to holistic monumental and decorative works.


"Bathing the Red Horse"

This painting was perceived by contemporaries as a kind of sign, a metaphorical expression of the post-revolutionary (1905) and pre-revolutionary (1917) era, as a kind of foresight and premonition of future events. But if contemporaries only felt the prophetic character of “The Bathing of the Red Horse,” then descendants already confidently and convincingly declared the meaning of the painting, declaring it “ petrel of revolution in painting ".




In the art of music, an example of this kind of foresight is a piece for orchestra "The Unanswered Question" (« Space landscape") American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954)


It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and creation aircraft(K. Tsiolkovsky).

This play became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

Homemade exercise

Listen to the music of Charles Ives. What impression did she make on you? (written)


TEST

1.Jules Verne his works

  • The Invisible Man
  • Amphibious Man
  • Time machine
  • Aelita
  • 20,000 leagues under the sea
  • test

In the painting “Bathing the Red Horse” by Petrov-Vodkin, the horse is a symbol

  • courage
  • youth
  • fate of Russia
  • sun
  • revolution

Yuon “New Planet” the artist wanted to depict

  • new discoveries in science
  • events and upheavals of revolutionary times
  • fantastic landscape

A. Tolstoy his works

A-War of the Worlds

B- Hyperboloid of engineer Garin

IN- Journey to the center of the Earth

G- Head of Professor Dowell


What inventions did Leonardo Da Vinci make?

  • scuba
  • telephone
  • laser
  • robot

Ticket No. 11 (1)

Any work of art looking to the future. In the history of art one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about impending social danger: wars, schisms, revolutions, etc. The ability to provide foresight is inherent in great artists, and perhaps this is what main strength art.

The German painter and graphic artist of the Renaissance Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) created a series of engravings “Apocalypse” (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the name of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world). The artist expressed an anxious expectation of world-historical changes, which indeed shook Germany after some time. The most significant of this series is the engraving "The Four Horsemen". Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - fiercely sweep across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. The swirling clouds and horizontal streaks of the background increase the speed of this frantic gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement. According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on earth one by one, but the artist deliberately placed them next to each other. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this arrangement of figures lies in Durer’s desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having destroyed the wall that the artist had erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the horsemen would inevitably burst into the real world.

Examples of art’s predictions of social change and upheaval include the etchings of F. Goya, the paintings “Guernica” by P. Picasso, “Bolshevik” by B. Kustodiev, “New Planet” by K. Yuon and many others. In the painting “Bolshevik” Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev (1878-1927) used a metaphor ( hidden meaning), which has not been solved for many decades. Using this example, you can understand how the content of the picture is filled with new meaning, how the era with its new views and changed value orientations puts new meanings into the content.

For many years this picture was interpreted as a solemn hymn to a persistent, strong-willed, unbending revolutionary, towering above ordinary world, which he overshadows with a red flag soaring into the sky. Events last decade XX century made it possible to understand what the artist consciously or, most likely, unconsciously felt at the beginning of the century. Today, this picture, like K. Yuon’s “New Planet,” is filled with new content. But how artists at that time managed to sense the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery. In musical art, an example of this kind of foresight is the piece for orchestra “The Unanswered Question” (“Cosmic Landscape”) by the American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky). This piece, built on a dialogue between strings and woodwind instruments, became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

The Russian artist Aristarch Vasilyevich Lentulov (1882-1943) in his dynamic compositions sought to express the internal energy of the object. By crushing objects, pushing them on top of each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a lightning-fast changing world. In this restless, shifting, rushing and split space one can discern the familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals, views of Novgorod, historical events expressed in allegorical form, flowers and even portraits. Lentulov is concerned with the bottomless depths of human consciousness, which is in constant motion. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey something that cannot be depicted at all, for example, the spreading sound in the painting “Ringing. Bell tower of Ivan the Great."

In the paintings “Moscow” and “St. Basil’s”, unprecedented, fantastic forces shift established forms and concepts, a chaotic mixture of colors conveys kaleidoscopic, fragile images of the city and individual buildings, disintegrating into countless elements. All this appears before the audience as a moving, flickering, sounding, emotionally rich world. The widespread use of metaphor helps the artist transform ordinary things into bright, generalized images. In Russian musical art, the theme of bells has found a vivid embodiment in the works of various composers of the past and present: (M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin, A. Petrov, etc.)

Look up the meaning of woodcut in a dictionary. A series of engravings by A. Durer “Apocalypse” was made using this technique.

Give your interpretation of the idea of ​​B. Kustodiev’s painting “Bolshevik”. Compare B. Kustodiev’s paintings “Bolshevik”, “Merchant” and “Portrait of Chaliapin”. What technique is typical, characteristic of the artist’s style? What artistic images does he create using similar means of expression?

What did the artist want to express in his paintings: anxiety, the electrification of the consciousness of his contemporaries? the changing impermanence of the world? feeling of joy and brightness of life? Express your opinion about the artistic images of the paintings.

Consider the painting “New Planet” by K. Yuon, painted in 1921. Give an interpretation of the idea of ​​​​this painting from the perspective of a person of today.

Watch a fragment of the film “Andrei Rublev” (director A. Tarkovsky, composer V. Ovchinnikov). Try to explain why a film in which the Russian land, tormented by the raids of the Tatars and internecine wars princes, hunger, tyranny, cruelty, still evokes bright feelings.

Develop a musical and literary script on the theme “Ringing Bells of Russia” (“And the ringing of bells rushes over the earth...”).

Artistic thinking at the forefront of science

Of course, for art, predicting the future or discovering new scientific facts is not the main purpose, it is just one of its many functions. You could say it's a by-product. But it is very indicative for understanding the significance of artistic and imaginative thinking in the cultural development of mankind. As is known, cultural development includes the achievements of technological progress. In the history of culture there is a lot various facts, confirming this.

The genius of the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci already in the 15th century. developed a model of an aircraft! True, it was never built then, but the drawings were preserved.

French writer Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) in his epic “ Human Comedy”, which includes many novels and stories, before scientists made individual observations related to the biological nature of man, and studied the psychology of mental deformation of the individual.

French writer Jules Verne (1828-1905), one of the founders of the science fiction genre, predicted flights to the Moon at a time when there were no airplanes, much less rockets. In many of the writer’s works there is a protest against the use of science for criminal purposes. So he foresaw this opportunity too!

Russian writer, Count Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945), author of famous historical novels, wrote several equally popular science fiction works. In them he predicted the appearance of lasers and spaceships.

Russian engineer Lev Sergeevich Termen (1896-1993) foresaw the emergence of a modern synthesizer and the sound electronic music. In 1920, he invented the theremin, an electromusical instrument in which sound is produced by moving the performer's hands in an electromagnetic field near a metal antenna. Theremin can sound like a violin, cello, or flute. The instrument is designed to perform any (classical, pop, jazz) musical works, as well as for creating various sound effects (birds singing, whistling, etc.), which are used in film scoring, in theatrical productions, circus programs. L. Theremin believed that the most successful work for demonstrating the capabilities of the theremin was “Vocalise” by S. Rachmaninov.

Science fiction not only projected the technological progress of mankind, but also sought to predict the future of man and society.

Artistic and creative task

Create a composition using any type of art that reflects your idea of ​​the future of Russia and the world.

People of art - artists, writers, musicians - are extraordinary personalities who see many events through the prism of their talent. Sometimes it breaks through all the laws of physics and rushes into the future. Prediction in art is not a rare thing, but it is phenomenal and often frightening.

Prophecies of Jules Verne

Science fiction writer Jules Verne made a stunning prediction in art. In the novel “From the Earth to the Moon,” he describes in detail the flight to the Moon in 1865, which actually took place in 1968. And the point is not that the author fantasized about space exploration, but that he described the ship in detail, accurately indicated its height and weight, the crew of 3 astronauts, the launch site - Florida and the landing site in the Pacific Ocean, the month of the flight - December. In 1994, a manuscript by Jules Verne, previously considered lost, “Paris in 1968” was found. Here, not only fax and photocopier services were described in detail, but also the modern appearance of the city with an openwork tower. In total, the author made 108 predictions, of which 64 have already come true.

What other science fiction writers foresaw

There were other predictions in art. Examples can be found in the works of Belyaev, the Strugatsky brothers, Herbert Wells, Alexei Tolstoy, and Ray Bradbury. They predicted many modern inventions such as mobile phone, TV, 3D images, smart home, robots.

A truly shocking prediction in art is Edgar Allan Poe's The Adventures of Arthur Pym, which details a shipwreck in which four people were saved. After many days of wandering on the open sea, exhausted by hunger and thirst, three kill the fourth and eat him. 50 years after the publication of the work, the events repeated themselves with amazing accuracy, even the names of the characters coincided. It is impossible to give a rational explanation for this.

Another tragic prediction of the future in art belongs to American writer M. Robertson. In the novel “Futility,” he described in detail the disaster that occurred 14 years after the book was published. Coincidences real facts with fantasies that are simply unimaginable.

The poet Mikhail Lermontov predicted the October Revolution of 1917 and described his own death in detail in rhymed lines.

The artist who painted the future

Argentine artist Benjamin Parravicini, in a fit of creative insight, made sketches that predicted the tsunami in Japan and the accident at the Fukushima nuclear plant, the American flight to the Moon, the flight into space of the first living creature - the mongrel Laika, the "peaceful atom", communism in China, fascism and the Second World War. world war. Parravicini predicted the revolution in Cuba led by the bearded man when Fidel Castro was only 11 years old. The 1939 drawing, symbolizing the tragic terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, depicts the famous Twin Towers, which were not even built then. How can we explain this incredible prediction in art? Skeptics may argue that the interpretation of symbolic drawings can be adjusted to the facts. But the Argentine prophet accompanied each of his drawings detailed descriptions upcoming events. As they say, what is written with a pen...

An inexplicable phenomenon - a prediction in art

In 1987, the show “Second Chance” was aired, in one of the episodes of which the British comedian D. Meicher recited that in 2011 the Libyan leader Gaddafi would find his death, who would go to hell for his association with terrorists. The leader of Libya actually died in 2011. The name of the screenwriter who left this prediction in art, unfortunately, is unknown. After all, the actor simply voiced the prophetic work of some author.

American musician Mikey Welsh predicted his death on a Facebook blog. Two weeks before his death, he wrote that he had a dream that in 2 weeks he would die from cardiac arrest. That's exactly what happened. Mikhail Krug also reflected his death in the song, describing that he would die in his own home.

Not only ordinary people, but also scientific world predictions in art are amazing. The examples are often striking in their precision of detail. The description of the place, date and circumstances of the incident coincides.

What lies ahead?

It is useful to compare predictions in art that have come true with prophecies that have not come true. This makes it possible to assume that in the near future humanity will master time travel, intergalactic flights, biorobots and artificial intelligence will be created, organ transplants will be the most progressive treatment, we will establish friendly relations with aliens. These are optimistic views. Pessimists talk about “star” wars, aging in a few hours and the complete degradation of humanity to a gregarious way of life.

Subject "Predictions in Art"

Objective of the lesson: show the ability of works of art to predict historical events; develop skills in analyzing artistic and musical works.

Equipment: computer, projector, presentation, reproductions of paintings by B. Kustodiev, A. Durer, P. Picasso, musical composition by Charles Ives, fragment of the film by Andrei Rublev.

Lesson progress

    Organizational moment

    Repetition of learned material

For several lessons now we have been talking and discussing with you on a very interesting and at the same time complex topic. Which one? What knowledge have you already gained on this issue? Remember what we talked about in the last lesson and answer the question: “What examples in the history of art that predict future events do you know?”

Recall:

    Jules Vernet's novel “20 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea”;

    Artist Wassily Kandinsky;

    Vincent Van Gogh;

    A. Tolstoy “Engineer Garin’s Hyperboloid”;

    Johann Sebastian Bach

Tell me, for what purpose did we consider those examples of prediction in art that you just remembered? Tell me, what question did we look for the answer to in the previous lesson? What were we trying to prove with these examples? What idea should I formulate? (That art not only affects our emotional sphere, but sometimes even provides scientific knowledge.

    Setting a learning task for the lesson.

The topic of our lesson is “Predictions in Art.” Try to tell me what we will do in class today? We continue our acquaintance with works of art that in one way or another predict future events or give their own special interpretation of those events that are revealed in these works.

    Learning new material

Any work of art is aimed at the future, so in history one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about impending social danger: revolutions, wars and schisms. This kind of prophecy has been encountered many times in art, including in artistic paintings. Great creators could use their own works to predict in art. It is possible that this is precisely the main strength of this type of human activity. Guys, remember we talked about this, why only creative people have such a gift? (they have a special well-developed imaginative thinking, which allows them to guess at missing data).

4.1 . Getting to know the engravings of A. Durer.

A striking example predictions in art can be considered the work of the German Renaissance painter and graphic artist Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). He created a series of engravings.

Glossary of terms: engraving (from the French gravure) is a printed impression on paper (or on a similar material) from a plate (“board”) on which a design is carved.

This series of engravings was called “Apocalypse” (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the name of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world).

Wood engravings were made. There are 15 of them in total, they illustrate the Revelation of John the Theologian. When they were first published in 1498, they became widespread and popular precisely because at that time there was a widespread expectation of the end of the world in 1500.

There is an opinion that the artist expressed an anxious expectation of world-historical changes, which indeed shook Germany after some time.

The most significant of this series is the engraving "The Four Horsemen". Let's look at it, give our opinion and listen to the message.

SLIDE 1.

Look carefully at the contents of the engraving. What impression does she make on you? What emotions does it evoke? What do you see?

What do you think these horsemen symbolize?

Why did you get this impression?

Student message

Dürer's engravings illustrate the revelation of John the Evangelist. The engraving “The Four Horsemen” reflects chapter 6. Here are short sayings from this chapter.

Behold, a white horse, and a rider on it had a bow, and a crown was given to him; and he came out victorious, and to conquer.

And another horse came out, a red one; and to him that sat on it was given power to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another; and a great sword was given to him.

The third animal is a black horse, and its rider has a measure in his hand.

And behold, a pale horse, and on it a rider whose name was “death”; and hell followed him; and power was given to him over the fourth part of the earth - to kill with the sword, and with famine, and with pestilence, and with the beasts of the earth.

Four horsemen are depicted (from right to left): the first is Conquest with a crown and bow; the second is War with the Sword; third - Hunger with scales; the fourth is Death, unlike other riders on an unshod, bareback, skinny horse. Durer moved away from the usual representation of Death in the form of a grinning skeleton with a scythe; he depicted Death in the form of a thin, bearded old man with a trident.

Teacher's story

Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - fiercely sweep across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. The swirling clouds and horizontal streaks of the background increase the speed of this frantic gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.

According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on earth one by one, but the artist deliberately placed them next to each other. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this arrangement of figures lies in Durer’s desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having destroyed the wall that the artist had erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the horsemen would inevitably burst into the real world.

4.2 Acquaintance with the work of F. Goya

Examples of art’s predictions of social change and upheaval include the etchings of F. Goya, the paintings “Guernica” by P. Picasso, “Bolshevik” by B. Kustodiev, “New Planet” by K. Yuon and many others.

Let's look at the dictionary again

Etching (French eau-forte - nitric acid, literally - “strong water”) is a type of engraving on metal; obtaining impressions from printing plates (“boards”), in the process of creating an image on which the surface is etched with acids

I suggest looking at Goya’s etchings and then expressing your opinion and impressions of what you saw.

SLIDES 2-4

Analysis of Goya's works.

What feelings did you get from viewing the etchings?

Try to guess what events the artist wanted to reflect in these works? Why did you decide this? Which means of expression Did they help you come to this conclusion?

In the series of etchings “Disasters of War,” Goya depicted the struggle of the broad masses of the Spanish people against Napoleonic troops. The people rebelled against Napoleon's regular troops with knives, stakes, and axes. They fought with frenzy and anger, defending every inch of land, hence the names - “With or without common sense?” The women fought with the same fury. “They became like wild animals,” says Goya.

All the horrors of war pass through the etchings in a terrible sequence: piles of corpses, carts with the dead, execution of rebels and violence against women. “I saw it!”, “It’s impossible to see it!” - with these words Goya accompanies two of his etchings.

4.3 Getting to know the works of P. Picaso

Today I would like to introduce you to a painting of the famous Spanish artist, sculptor, graphic artist, ceramist and designer Pablo Picasso. To take a little break from the serious problem we have raised, I suggest you look at the screen and read full name Pablo Picasso.

SLIDE 5

The name Picasso consists of 16 names, along with particles of 22 words.

Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (Picasso's version (1881-1973) is also accepted)

SLIDE 6 Painting “Guernica”

Look and express your feelings about the picture

The reason for the creation of “Guernica” by Picasso was the bombing of the city of Guernica. During Civil War In Spain, on April 26, 1937, a fascist volunteer unit subjected the city of Guernica to a sadistic night bombing. Several aerial bombs were dropped on the city, which caused a devastating fire, as a result of which a significant part of the city was destroyed and, according to various estimates, about 200-250 people were injured.

The whole world watched these events, including Pablo Ruiz Picasso. The Spanish poet and prominent public figure Rafael Alberti later recalled: “Picasso had never been to Guernica, but the news of the destruction of the city struck him like the blow of a bull’s horn.” The bombing of Guernica served as the impetus for the creation of the famous painting. The painting was painted literally in a month - the first days of work on the painting, Picasso worked for 10-12 hours and already in the first sketches one could see the main idea.

This picture perfectly conveys the tragedy of people’s heartlessness.

Conversation on the works seen

Please tell me guys. We looked at a number of works different artists, living in different countries, in different time periods. Is there anything common in these works?

Why do you think these works are considered within this topic? What are the predictions?

Why will these paintings be relevant in the future?

This is because they show all the horrors of war, which in any historical period is a terrible event and, regardless of time, will be accompanied by loss of life, hunger and grief. This is the predictive role of art.

4.4 Getting to know the works of Russian artists

And now I propose to turn to the work of Russian artists and see if predictions occur in Russian art.

Look at the following picture

SLIDE 7 Kustodiev "Bolshevik"

Listen to the story about this painting (Legeza S.)

B.M. Kustodiev is known as an original writer of everyday life of merchants. IN Soviet era the artist turned to the theme of revolution. Events February revolution 1917, Kustodiev, confined to a wheelchair, could only watch from the window. He wrote about his impressions: “It’s still in full swing here, the streets are still full of people... I’ve never complained so much about my life, which doesn’t allow me to go out into the street - after all, I have to wait for “such” a street for centuries.”

Kustodiev understood the revolution as a spontaneous, gigantic popular revolt. Therefore, he decides to create the image of a new hero who led the people to victory over their oppressors.

In search of means of expression, Kustodiev for the first time in his work resorted to an allegorical solution. The huge, powerful figure of a Bolshevik with a red banner in his hands towers over the city and people. He walks, as in a fairy tale, with leaps and bounds, and it is not entirely clear where he is going. The grandiose banner of the flag, fluttering in the wind, like the flame of a revolutionary fire, burns over the city and is lost beyond the horizon. Below, under the giant, streams of armed people are moving along the city streets and alleys. Simple Russian face The giant is filled with an indestructible will, his eyes burn, his powerful hands tightly grip the shaft. In front of him, like the last barrier, rises a church building - a symbol of autocracy, a faithful custodian of the old order. The viewer feels that the giant will step over it as easily as he previously stepped over houses and other structures.

In the original version, the artist wanted to place a priest and a deacon hiding in panic on the roof of the church. But during the work, he refused to include this detail in the picture, realizing that it could take the picture into the plane of caricature.

In the painting “Bolshevik” Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev there is a metaphor (hidden meaning) that has not been solved for many decades. Using this example, you can understand how the content of the picture is filled with new meaning, how the era with its new views and changed value orientations puts new meanings into the content.

Teacher's message

Today it is difficult to overestimate the feat of Kustodiev, who created a canvas of such content in the difficult year of nineteen, in the ring of the blockade, in need and cold... In general, guys, it must be said that Kustodiev was a man who loved his homeland very much. Until the age of 20, he lived only in the city, although life was difficult, he wore two pairs of socks, because the bottom pair was missing toes, and the top heels... And when, as a student, he went to a Russian village to study its life, he fell in love with the village so much that 4 years later, when he got married, he returned to the village. At that time he was already in great demand (few people had such a rapid career: yesterday he still wore combined socks, today he paints portraits of people who decided the destinies of Russia). Therefore, many of his comrades wondered why he locked himself in such a wilderness. Boris Mikhailovich was surprised in his turn: “How can I be bored when I write every day and talk to my dear Yulik in the evening. On the contrary, I am now experiencing the best time of my life - I am painting a picture and I feel that I love and that I am loved. .."

But there was also annoyance that I wanted to quickly forget about. At the age of 19, he said in a letter to his mother: “Something is aching again, as it sometimes happens to me.” I forgot when I managed to forget. But at 31, it was no longer possible to shrug it off - the pain in the arm and neck kept getting worse and soon turned into suffering. Severe headaches were added to the pain in my arm. Doctors suspect bone tuberculosis. From now on he wears a rigid corset from chin to waist. He is being treated in a Swiss clinic, where he is given a new diagnosis: a tumor in the spinal canal. The operation cannot be avoided. True, then they promise a complete recovery. And at the age of 37 he undergoes a second operation. Boris Makhailovich has two children: his third son, Igorek, died at eleven months, and then, according to his daughter’s recollections, “the first gray strand appeared in my mother’s hair: Spinal cord surgery is no joke even today, but even then...

General anesthesia for 5 hours. Yulia Evstafievna (wife) is sitting in the corridor. The doctors encourage her from time to time, but their words and glances are evasive. The professor himself comes out into the corridor and says: a spinal cord tumor has been confirmed, but to get to it, you need to cut the nerve endings. The patient is unconscious, so you decide what to save: his arms or legs. A girl, a once happy lover, a woman immortalized in dozens of paintings, a mother who has already lost her son and is losing her husband with tragic iron inevitability, Yulia Evsafievna says: “Leave your hands. An artist is without hands, he cannot live...”

Since then, Boris Mikhailovich has been confined to a wheelchair. But this did not break his spirit, he continues to create and create his new masterpieces.

Today, this picture, like K. Yuon’s “New Planet,” is filled with new content. But how artists at that time managed to sense the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.

Look at another painting by artist Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon “New Planet”

SLIDE 8 “New Planet”

What feelings and emotions does this picture evoke in you?

What do you think it's about? -What did the artist want to tell us?

This work does not just depict an unusual phenomenon - the birth of a new planet. K.F. Yuon is trying to comprehend the meaning of the October Revolution. For him, a revolution is not just a coup that took place in one specific state. No. This is a phenomenon on a universal scale. And people’s reaction to such an unprecedented event is ambiguous.

In the painting “New Planet,” the birth of a new cosmic body is accompanied by bright flashes that illuminate people. Witnesses of an unusual phenomenon that destroys the usual way of life, old world, react differently to what is happening. Some see this as the birth of something new. beautiful world. They stretch out their hands with hope bright light. Some don't have the strength to walk. They fall exhausted and crawl out of last bit of strength to this new one. For others, the collapse of the old world causes panic. They may perceive the emergence of a new planet as the end of the world. People fall on their faces in fear, covering their heads, trying to hide, to save themselves from the impending catastrophe. But the cosmic cataclysm does not leave both of them indifferent.

Why do you think we understand the picture differently? Do we put another meaning into it?

Probably because for our time the events of the revolution are already history, but the conquest of space and questions related to the place and fate of our planet in the Universe are relevant and concern us.

In musical art, an example of this kind of foresight is the piece for orchestra “The Unanswered Question” (“Cosmic Landscape”) by the American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky).

Listen to a short fragment and try to say what this piece is about?

Insert a music file into slide 8 - close the screen while playing

What emotions does music evoke? What state of mind is conveyed in music? What can this work tell about?

This play became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

Today we got acquainted with works that reflect social changes in society, which were sometimes accompanied by tragedies, bloodshed, etc.

Therefore, I propose to end our lesson by talking about something more joyful and positive.

Look at the works of Russian artist Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov

SLIDES 9-11

In his dynamic compositions he sought to express the internal energy of the object. By crushing objects, pushing them on top of each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a lightning-fast changing world. In this restless, shifting and rushing space, the familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals and views of Novgorod and Moscow can be discerned. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey something that is generally indescribable, for example, the spreading sound in the film “Ringing. Bell tower of Ivan the Great."

In Russian musical art, the theme of bells has found a vivid embodiment in the works of various composers of the past and present: M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin, A. Petrov

For the lesson, the girls completed an artistic and creative task and prepared a musical and literary composition “and the bell rings over the earth”

Literary and musical composition

“And the ringing of bells rushes over the earth”

The temple is an image of a transformed world, created according to the laws of beauty and harmony.

There is beauty unspeakable, bright,

The one that is not called holy for nothing...

The cherished secret will be quietly revealed.

Rus' will remain a white swan in the heart.

A blessed dream, a joy come true -

The hour of contemplation God given,

As if miraculously descended from heaven -

With a silent song - White stone temple...

Extraordinary, attractive. The appearance of the temple is beautiful and unusual; being away from it, we hear the ringing of its bells.

How quietly it blows over the valley

Distant bell ringing

Like the noise of a flock of cranes, -

And he froze in the sonorous leaves...

Only in one country in the world – in Russia – does bell music live. Only in Rus' did bell ringing become a national art: it entered music and was reflected in literature and painting.

Belfry

Among the sky

Among the fire-faced

Bow with your pure ringing,

From the bell tower of Ivan the Great

I see everything Orthodox Rus'…

Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have invariably accompanied holidays and celebrations, informing people about important events,

They convened people for a meeting, showed the way to travelers lost in bad weather, and in tragic days for the Fatherland they called for the defense of their homeland.

(A poem is played against the background of music.)

When the bells ring solemnly

Or a sensitive ear will hear their distant ringing,

Involuntarily embraced by a sad thought,

Like a funeral song,

I listen to their cheerful sounds sadly,

And my soul is full of secret murmurs.

The bell is the only one musical instrument in an Orthodox church. And although in the 4th-5th centuries from Orthodox tradition left instrumental music, and the church fathers gave preference to the human voice, considering it the most perfect instrument, bells remained.

The dormant bell

Woke up the fields

Smiled at the sun

Sleepy land.

The blows came

To the blue skies

It rings loudly

Hidden behind the river

White moon

She ran loudly

Frisky wave.

The quiet valley drives away sleep.

Somewhere down the road

The ringing stops.

In Rostov, the belfries of the Assumption Cathedral have survived to this day. Rostov bells are a wonderful creation of the Russian national epic. Their origin dates back to the 17th century.

The largest bell, cast in 1688 Rostov master Frol Terentev. It weighs 2,000 poods, has a velvety sound and beautiful overtones. The sound of this bell was recognized 20 km from the city.

(A poem is played against the background of music).

I love the church bell immensely

And again, like a shadow, I will enter the cold temple,

So that I can meet living water there

And go home again with an even gait.

The most famous bell in Russia is, of course, the Tsar Bell. It weighed more than 200 tons. During a fire in 1737, the bell collapsed and a piece weighing 11.5 tons fell off. Since then he has been silent forever. And now the Tsar Bell, located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, amazes visitors with its size.

Goodbye to yours with a mighty tongue,

Call the trembling of menacing metal

In Rus', bells were treated as living beings, and they were given names and nicknames: Gabriel, Howler, Broad, Swan, Bear - depending on the nature of their sound.

Russian craftsmen began casting bells in the 12th and 13th centuries. To do this, a brick “blockhead” and a clay mold were built in a huge hole. Copper was melting in a furnace nearby. Only 5-10 minutes before casting was tin added to it. Some craftsmen threw silver coins into the melted mass. Several workers, swinging a lever, punched a hole in the melting furnace from which metal burst out. Flowing down the gutters, it filled the form. So that success is not damaged by intrigues evil spirits, before casting, the most ridiculous rumors were spread. It was believed that the more ridiculous the rumors, the louder the bell would ring.

In Russia, the poorest church had at least three bells, and the bell towers of rich churches had up to 10 or more. The collection of all the bells is called ringing.

Only the middle bells participate in the everyday ringing, and it is performed by one bell ringer. And on holidays, for example, Easter, everyone was allowed into the bell tower all week long. Ringing bells was a favorite pastime of the Russian people.

In the native fields there is a quiet evening ringing, -

I once loved listening to him so much

At an hour like the rays of the evening sunset

The evening sky will be gilded...

Evening bells... Don't wait for the dawn;

But even in the mists of December

Sometimes summer sends me a smile

Cold dawn...

Evening bells are the poet's soul,

Bless this ringing...

It's not like the cries of light

Scared away my best dream.

Evening bells... And into the distance,

Through the roar of urban anxiety,

You prophesy inspiration to me

Or the grave and peace.

(Picture by Levitan “Evening Bells”).

Lamentable, mournful, iron sound, invariably monotonous, heavy.

But in the life of the people there are not only sad days heralded by alarm bells or wire ringings, but also holidays that are accompanied by red and festive bells.

The sound of bells sounds.

Thanks girls

5. Lesson summary

Let's summarize our lesson. What was the topic of the lesson? What new did you learn in class today? Were you interested in the lesson?

Thanks for your work, lesson is over.

15

Creative personalities - artists, musicians, poets - convey thoughts and feelings to people through their works. Sometimes the events described by people of art came true after some time. Predictions in art are interesting topic, requiring separate consideration.

Predicting the future

Writers, composers, artists are able to predict the future, because... They have creative thinking and mental acuity. Examples of predictions of the future in art are not uncommon.

Works of art anticipate cultural, scientific discoveries and historical events. It is worth quoting from John Priestley’s story “June 31st”:

“Everything created by the imagination must exist somewhere in the universe.”

People should be careful about artistic predictions.

Jules Verne

The famous French writer Jules Verne is a 19th century science fiction writer. He foresaw future scientific discoveries in many areas:

  1. Scuba gear
  2. Video communication.
  3. Electric chair.
  4. Aircraft (plane and helicopter).
  5. Rockets.
  6. Lunokhods.
  7. Submarines.

In the book “20 ​​Thousand Leagues Under the Sea” the author describes the creation of the Nautilus. This is a prototype of modern submarines. In the work “From the Earth to the Moon,” a person uses modules and rockets with solar sails. The work “Robur the Conqueror” describes a device similar to a modern helicopter.

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci is a genius. He is a musician, inventor, architect, sculptor, poet, engineer. In his diaries, he recorded knowledge from medicine, history, biology, wrote down poems and made sketches. He made especially many predictions in art.

10 brilliant inventions of Leo da Vinci:

  1. Ornithopter.
  2. Diving suit.
  3. Propeller.
  4. Parachute.
  5. Bearing.
  6. Machine gun.
  7. Self-propelled cart.
  8. Tank.
  9. Ideal city.
  10. Robot.

The ornithopter resembled a bird. He was supposed to lift a person into the air. The invention was designed in accordance with the laws of aerodynamics. The diving suit was invented to open the bottoms of attacking ships. The device made it possible to stay under water for a long time and see everything around through glass holes. We breathed through an underwater bell. The propeller was designed for human flight. It looked like a huge screw machine with blades. This invention led to the creation of the helicopter.

The parachute was shaped like a pyramid covered with fabric. Modern scientists studied the device and concluded that Leonardo’s idea could be brought to life. The bearing is the basis of everything modern technology. The scientist was the first to sketch it in his notebook. The machine gun consisted of muskets on a board, arranged in a triangle. The shaft was in the center and rotated the weapon so that it fired at short intervals. The apparatus consisted of 11 guns. The same man invented the first car that was driven by a spring mechanism.

During the Middle Ages, epidemics were especially dangerous. The inventor developed a city plan with a hydraulic system and canals that would help avoid mass infection. The scientist studied the structure of the human body. He built a robot that was able to walk and sit.

Herbert Wales

The writer in his 1914 work “The Liberated World” spoke about atomic bomb. He predicted the appearance of huge aircraft that could accommodate more than a thousand people, a rocket engine and a laser device. The science fiction writer suggested that the flights would be around the world.

A.R. Belyaev

The science fiction writer in his novel “KEC Star” described modern orbital stations. In the book “Eternal Bread” he spoke about the possibilities of genetics and biochemistry. Transplantology is a science of the 20th century, which was predicted in “The Head of Professor Dowell.” In the novels “Amphibian Man” and “Ariel,” Belyaev reflected on man’s existence in conditions unusual for him (water and air).