One of the main features of the comedy “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov is the presence in the play of two conflicts that are closely related to each other. One of them is love, the other is social. This determines the arrangement of the heroes of the comedy “Woe from Wit”. The love line is represented by Chatsky, Sophia and Molchalin. The social line is expressed by the opposition between the conservative nobility, the main exponent of which is Famusov, and the progressive views on the structure of society, which Chatsky preaches. TO Famusov society also applies to Molchalin, Sophia’s lover. Love and social conflicts are united by the image of Chatsky, the main character of “Woe from Wit.”
Alexander Andreevich Chatsky returned from abroad and immediately went to Famusov’s house, where he had once been brought up and where he had been absent for three years. Chatsky dreams of meeting his beloved Sophia, Famusov’s daughter. But Sophia greets him with extreme restraint, because she is in love with Molchalin. The hero does not understand the reasons for the girl’s cooling towards him. He begins to ask her, her father, about this. And in the verbal battles between these heroes, serious contradictions appear on issues of morality, culture, education, and the structure of society.
Famusov in comedy it represents the “past century”. Main feature The worldview of the conservative nobility is that they do not want any changes, because changes threaten their well-being. In the noble society, at which Griboyedov’s satire is directed, only rank and money are valued. And Famusov is no exception. He speaks with pride of his uncle, Maxim Petrovich, who knew how to “curry favor” and therefore “knew honor before everyone.” The only thing that Famusov really cares about is society’s opinion of him.
On behalf of the “past century” also speaks Molchalin. Its main advantages are “moderation and accuracy.” He is a worthy successor to the views of Moscow high society. He knows how to curry favor, strives to make and maintain useful acquaintances. Even his relationship with Sophia is nothing more than serving her father.
Chatsky is sharply opposed to these heroes. Their views on the structure of society are alien to him. Chatsky is the owner of an active, creative mind. He wants to serve “the cause, not individuals,” because he highly values individual freedom, honor and dignity. Chatsky is the only comedy hero who represents the “present century.” It expresses the ideas of the author himself - ideas of morality and enlightenment that conservative nobles are not ready to accept.
When characterizing the characters in “Woe from Wit,” the most difficult thing to interpret is the image Sofia Famusova. It cannot be attributed either to the “present century” or “to the past century.” Unlike her father and Molchalin, Sophia is not afraid of the opinions of society. She tells Molchalin as much when he asks her to be careful and not show her feelings in public. She plays music and reads books, which Famusov considers unnecessary and even harmful. But Sophia is not on Chatsky’s side, since his accusatory monologues threaten not only the comfortable life of the nobles, but also her personal happiness. That is why Sophia starts a rumor that Chatsky is crazy, and society is so actively spreading this gossip.
The list of characters in “Woe from Wit” is not limited to the main characters. It is also important to understand the problem minor characters"Fire from mind." For example, it is impossible to imagine the development of a love affair in a comedy without Lisa's maids, who helps Sofya and Molchalin keep their dates secret. Also, the image of Lisa participates in a more complete disclosure of other characters in Griboyedov’s “Woe from Wit”. Molchalin shows her signs of attention, and the reader immediately understands that he has no feelings for Sophia.
Colonel Skalozub also participates in the development love line. He is tipped to be Sophia's groom because he has money. The only pity is that I have no mind at all. But this helps to portray the army in a satirical way.
Off-stage characters carry a special meaning. They do not participate in the actions of the comedy, but other characters talk about them, which allows us to more fully imagine the mores of the noble society of that time. The most famous off-stage character is Maxim Petrovich, Uncle Famusov, who deliberately fell several times at the empress’s reception in order to amuse her and earn respect at court.
It should be noted that all the images of the comedy heroes acquire a deeper sound than was customary before the appearance of the play “Woe from Wit.” There are no absolute villains here, no heroes without flaws. Griboyedov refuses the traditional division of characters into good and bad. So Famusov is a caring father for his daughter, and Chatsky in some moments shows excessive ardor and unceremoniousness.
The characters created by Griboyedov do not lose their relevance today. After all, the problem of replacing old views with new ones is always topical. At all times there are people who bring progressive ideas to society, and those who refuse to accept the new, defending their outdated views.
This article describes the main characters of Griboedov's comedy. A description of the heroes and their characters will be useful to 9th grade students when preparing a report or essay on the topic “The main characters of the comedy “Woe from Wit”.”
Work test
In the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboedov, the author conveys his attitude towards the characters through speaking names and surnames. Quotes from heroes give full description their images.
Famusov Pavel Afanasyevich - the surname is formed from fama - rumor and famous - noble, Pavel is small, and Afanasy is immortal. It turns out - a noble nobleman who fears rumors, a little man who will always be. The type of officials who live by the opinions of others, who are afraid of rumors.
A widower, he raised his daughter alone: “Free, widowed, I am my own master.”
A noble nobleman - "Like all Moscow people, your father is a "bureaucrat", rich: "Whoever is poor is not a match for you." Afraid of gossip and dependent on the opinions of others: Ah! My God! what will Princess Marya Aleksevna say?
“Well, how can you not please your loved one!” - he places his relatives in “good places.”
He is unprincipled, only the goal is important, and all means are good for him: “A sycophant and a businessman.”
A dissolute, uneducated gentleman: “Learning is the plague, learning is the reason.” Madcap “After all, your father is crazy.” and the rank-worshipper "Sir Father, you who are passionate about ranks."
Sophia Pavlovna Famusova - Sofya - wise, Pavlovna - small, Famusova - connected with rumors. The meaning of the name is a little wise girl spreading rumors and rumors.
Sophia is a young, attractive Moscow noblewoman: “you have blossomed charmingly, inimitably, and you know this,” a rich and “enviable bride”: To please the daughter of such a man.”
She received a home education: “We really didn’t care about yours, About your upbringing! From the cradle!”
Follows fashion, “Everything is in French, aloud, reads while locked,” and loves music: “And dancing! and singing! and tenderness! and sighs! As if we were preparing them as wives for buffoons.”
A naive, narrow-minded and fickle girl: “I was very careless, perhaps I acted, And I know, and I’m guilty; but where did I change?”
Not timid, decisive: “However, I will say about myself that I am not a coward.”
She behaves in inappropriate ways, which provokes her father’s anger: “Daughter, Sofya Pavlovna! Stray girl!”
Molchalin Alexey Stepanovich is a constantly silent person, Alexey is an assistant, Stepan is a ring, a wreath. The meaning of the name is an eternal assistant who has no words and no prospects, silent and helpful.
“He lives in the house here, a great misfortune!”
An ignorant young man, without much intelligence: “Why not a husband? He just doesn’t have much intelligence.”
A careful, helpful and petty man: “He’s on tiptoe.” “Helpful, modest.”
He achieves everything through pleasing: “My father bequeathed to me: First, to please all people without exception.”
Hidden, on his mind: “God knows what secret is hidden in him.”
Deceitful, cunning and two-faced: “But who would have thought that he was so insidious!”
He uses Sophia to achieve a position in society: “I don’t see anything in Sofya Pavlovna.”
Chatsky Alexander Andreevich smokes, that is, he scares others with his opinion, Alexander is a defender of people, Alexey is courageous. The meaning of the name is a courageous defender of people, with progressive views on life.
The young nobleman - "" - had a soul of three hundred. - Four hundred, please understand,” educated, very eloquent: “... What does he say! and speaks as he writes!.."
He has a sharp tongue and does not hide his views: “Look, Chatsky will make you laugh.”
Smart, with progressive thoughts and ideas: "Oster, smart, eloquent."
A freethinker and a thinking person who speaks the truth and does not tolerate deception: “Why should I deceive myself,” “he’s just a Jacobin.”
The patriot and freethinker was rejected by society and declared crazy:
“You have praised me as crazy by the whole choir.”
Noble, man of honor: “I would be glad to serve, but it’s sickening to be served.”
Skalozub- bares his teeth, grins - constantly laughs obsequiously, but is stupid and has no intelligence.
A rich nobleman, moves through the ranks: “Colonel Skalozub: And a golden bag, and aims to become a general.”
He’s not bad in appearance, he follows fashion and his appearance: “a hoarse guy is a dapper army officer who speaks in a hoarse bass voice.”
A narrow-minded and boring person: “He never said a smart word.”
Careerist: “and aims to become a general.” Opponent of education, doesn’t like to read: “books will be saved like this: for big occasions.”
Lisa, Elizabeth is God's help, restless and cheerful. “Lisanka, a servant” in the Famusovs’ house, a serf. Lisa is a pretty girl, funny and lively: “You are a cheerful creature! Alive!”
She is sharp-tongued and truthful: “You and the young lady are modest, but what about the maid’s rake? She comes to him, and he comes to me.”
She is smart and knows how to express her thoughts: “Happy people don’t watch the clock.”
She’s not stupid, but she tries to be modest: “You’re my stupid judgement. You never regret it.”
She cannot be bought, she is not selfish: “You know that I am not flattered by interests,” and she loves not for her rank, but for her human qualities: “And how can you not love the bartender Petrusha!”
The comedy in verse by Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov “Woe from Wit” is a great work of the 19th century. Throughout the play, disagreements occur between the main characters of these works based not only on love relationship, but also different views on life and attitudes towards people.
Chatsky
Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is main character, with an individual view of the world and the people around him, different from other heroes. Despite the fact that Chatsky was brought up in the family of Pavel Afanasyevich, since his parents died, he does not agree with his dismissive and biased attitude towards people. Chatsky, an educated young man who traveled a lot and received a place in the prestigious English Club of the Nobility, returned to his homeland to his beloved Sofia Famusova, daughter of Pavel Afanasyevich. But, despite some similarities between Alexander and Sofia, they turned out to be, to deep disappointment, young man, absolutely different people. Chatsky is eloquent, not afraid to express his opinion and point out the shortcomings of other characters, and values education and straightforwardness in people. Does not tolerate hypocrisy, fights for freedom, welcomes patriotism. Chatsky believes that the main thing in a person is not his origin, but the actions that he performs. ()
Famusov Pavel Afanasyevich
Famusov Pavel Afanasyevich is a hereditary nobleman, landowner. He has a rather conservative view of the world and everything that surrounds him. Famusov is an opponent of education and reading, as he believes that this contributes to the generation of unnecessary thoughts. The most important thing for him is to impress others; it doesn’t matter to him what he really is. His principle is to “serve the favor” correctly. This is exactly how most people lived at that time. noble origin. Thanks to this ability, Famusov became a rich and respected man among the nobles. Life position Famusov is to seek benefits from communicating with people, which is why he does not understand Chatsky.
Molchalin
Molchalin. This is a cunning, evil and vile young man who is Famusov’s secretary and Sophia’s secret admirer. Molchalin, like Pavel Afanasyevich, constantly flatters, curries favor with people of high rank and rank, so that he is noticed and accepted into their society. It was thanks to this quality that he became Famusov’s secretary. In fact, behind the mask of a stupid person, there is a dangerous type of personality. For Molchalin, only material values and high ranks are important, so he will go through everything to achieve what he wants. ()
Famusova Sofya Pavlovna
Famusova Sofya Pavlovna. This is a young girl, seventeen years old. She is well educated and knows French, sings and dances beautifully, loves to play the piano. IN this work Sophia is the most tragic character, since her fate falls large number troubles and suffering. Despite the fact that she is quite decisive and intelligent, Sophia is a hostage of noble society. After all, she grew up in an atmosphere of cruelty, arrogance and constant superiority over ordinary people. But, on the other hand, this is a sensual nature, zealously defending her love in the person of Molchalin before Chatsky. It was thanks to his harsh statement towards Chatsky that he was kicked out of this society.
Skalozub
Sergei Sergeevich Skalozub is a middle-aged colonel, not married. The colonel is a true careerist, for whom only awards, the army and high ranks are important. Skalozub's dream is to receive the rank of general. In fact, he is a limited, rude person who thinks only about his superiority. The Colonel despises those who fight for education and read books; he considers this an empty and unnecessary activity.
Lisa
Lisa. She is a servant (serf) in Famusov's house. Lisa is a cheerful, sociable girl, supports her mistress Sophia in matters of love, is quick-witted and smart. Lisa is not afraid to express her opinion, she can fight back both Molchalin and Famusov.
Repetilov
A close friend of Chatsky Repetilov. This is a flighty, talkative and superficial young man. Repetilov is two-faced, easily talks about himself and his life, and treats his wife and children poorly.
A close friend of Famusov is Anton Antonovich Zagoretsky. This is a middle-aged man who loves to play cards, attend balls, and, in a word, have fun. Zagoretsky is a deceitful, dishonest man who thinks only about his own well-being.
Anfisa Nilovna Khlestova
Anfisa Nilovna Khlestova. She is a close relative of Pavel Afanasyevich. This is an elderly woman who never had a husband or children. That is why she has a nasty, evil character and loves animals, of which there are a great many in her house.
Platon Mikhailovich Gorich
Platon Mikhailovich Gorich is a nobleman and retired officer who knows Chatsky and Famusov very well. At a young age he was a brave and brave man, later marrying Natalya Dmitrievna, a young noblewoman, but he could never love her.
Natalya Dmitrievna Gorich
Natalya Dmitrievna Gorich. The wife of a retired officer, Platon Mikhailovich. She loves and cares for her husband very much, and often goes to balls with him.
Tugoukhovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tugoukhovsy bears the title of prince and good friend of Famusov. This is an elderly man, married to Princess Maria Alekseevna, with six children. His main desire is to marry off his daughters to suitors with rich dowries.
Tugoukhovskaya
Maria Alekseevna Tugoukhovskaya. This is the princess, the wife of Prince Tugoukhovsky and an acquaintance of Pyotr Afanasyevich. He often attends balls in order to pass off his children as wealthy heirs.
Countesses Khryumina
The two Countesses of Khryumina are an old grandmother and her middle-aged granddaughter, the latter cannot get married.
Parsley
A serf peasant, he serves in Famusov’s house - Petrushka. He constantly wears old, holey clothes, is kind and silent.
Main characters (Woe from Wit)
The comedy play "Woe from Wit" can safely be called the most valuable and a majestic work Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, which became a classic of Russian literature late XIX century. In the image of each of his heroes, the author laid down a special plan, which gradually reveals itself as you get to know them.
One of the main characters is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, a young nobleman of the new generation, alienated by bribery and genuflection. With each of his actions, Chatsky tries to get rid of the remnants of the past and is a true patriot of their homeland. The image of Chatsky is that of an aristocrat with inveterate selectivity and contemptuous attitudes toward high society.
Famusov Pavel Afanasyevich appears to readers in the image of a Russian nobleman who lives in mutual responsibility and lifelong bribes. Famusov received a high place in society not because of his family, but simply because of his wide connections. Pavel Afanasyevich is a man with deep-rooted foundations and a connoisseur of the old order, to which “we are all accustomed,” therefore he considers any change or innovation to be true extravagance. Famusov has both positive traits, and negative. The first is well manifested in a tendency towards kindness and compassion. A clear example of this is the move to raise his friend's son as his own child after his father died. The opposite of the first can be given as an example of the opinion about marriage - it should take place only if the union of two people brings one of them great financial profit, and not out of love and mutual sympathy.
Famusov's daughter, Sophia, is a girl with dreams. Due to her pride, she is educated to show herself with dignity in society, but at the same time she is inclined to commit actions that are not based on logic. All of Chatsky’s innovations seem stupid to her, because she is the daughter of a man with established orders. Sophia likes to play with Chatsky’s feelings; for her, their relationship is just a game of love, in which there may be a third player in the person of Molchalin.
Molchalin Alexey Stepanovich is the secretary of Pavel Famusov, he always tries to find the most profitable and advantageous position for himself in society. Molchalin's statements are contained only in short, generalized phrases. Being a commoner of low origin, Molchalin becomes a careerist with a dream of high society, so he tries in any way to please those who need it.
Very briefly
In the work, Gridoyedov does not completely divide the characters into positive and negative. This feature was mandatory for early classicism, but the author moves away from it and decides to write according to his own rules. Every person has both positive and negative qualities, he accurately conveys human nature, which allows him to get closer to realism than other writers.
So, for example, Chatsky, despite the fact that he is smart and honest, brave and independent, he can flare up at any moment, get upset over trifles and draw the wrong conclusions. At the same time, Famusov perfectly performs the functions of a father who is an example and model for others. Sophia, despite the fact that she is merciless towards Chatsky’s feelings, has a lively mind and is ready to act decisively.
But Griboyedov uses another distinctive feature classicism, all the names in the work are telling. Although, it may not seem so at first glance. Fama is the Latin word for word of mouth, which refers to what he cares about most. public opinion. This is also evidenced by the fact that he exclaims at the end of the work: “What will Maria Alekseevna say!”
All social conflict mainly unfolds between Chatsky and Famusov. The love conflict unfolds between Sofia, Chatsky and Molchalin. But still, the figure of Chatsky is key in the work; he is a key figure in both conflicts, both social and love.
It is generally accepted that the image of Sophia is the most complex and contradictory. She, along with Molchalin, neglects the attitude and opinion of society. Sophia is used to spending a lot of time reading books. But at the same time, she does not completely take the side of Chatsky, with whom she has similar views. She constantly reproaches him for being sarcastic and merciless in his words. She often calls him crazy, she doesn't find him common language, and in general it is not clear where her fiery feelings, which Chatsky had been waiting for, disappeared and why she went over to Molchalin’s side.
Quite educated and intelligent, her opinion is quite contradictory and cannot be fully reflected; sometimes she herself does not understand what decision she will make at one time or another. But at the same time, one cannot call her a stupid or uneducated girl.
Alexander Griboedov is an outstanding playwright of the first half of the nineteenth century, whose work discussed below was included in the classics of Russian literature. Griboedov served in the diplomatic service, but remained in history as the author of a brilliant masterpiece - the comedy "Woe from Wit", the characteristics of the heroes of which are studied within the framework school curriculum. All the events of the play take place in Moscow during one day, in the house of Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov.
The characterization of the heroes of “Woe from Wit” - a comedy in verse and in four acts - can be carried out according to a certain plan. A list of characters with explanations from the author is usually given at the beginning of the play.
According to what plan is the characterization of the heroes of “Woe from Wit” carried out? Firstly, it is necessary to talk about social status the hero, secondly, about his character traits, thirdly, about his system of views and values.
Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov is a well-born nobleman and landowner holding a high bureaucratic post. The character is arrogant, domineering. With subordinates and servants he is rude and strict, but flattering and servilely submissive with those who are higher in rank and title. Famusov is a cordial and hospitable host; guests are often received in his house. A caring father, loves his daughter, wants to marry her off successfully. Pavel Afanasyevich does not accept any changes in society, he is an opponent of progress. He considers the customs and lifestyle of the old Moscow nobles to be an ideal.
What characterization of the heroes of “Woe from Wit” can be done without describing the main thing? female image? Famusov's daughter received a traditional noble upbringing: from infancy she was prepared to be a bride. Thanks to a lively mind, strong character and healthy instincts, she has a good understanding of people, judging by the precise and apt statements addressed to her father’s guests. Sofia is not only mocking, but also vindictive: she does not forgive Chatsky for his contemptuous attitude towards Molchalin, with whom she is in love. It is she who starts an unseemly rumor, which grows into a huge gossip about Alexander’s madness.
But she herself cannot avoid personal tragedy. The reason was that Sofia Famusova mistakes a pathetic flatterer and a silent saint for the hero in love. The young lady, who had read a lot of novels, imagined nobility, modesty and chivalry behind his silence.
My telling surname Molchalin completely justifies. He comes from Tver, is not a nobleman, but makes big plans, because he does not consider the rank of assessor and the service of a home secretary to be the peak of his career. Thanks to hypocrisy and the ability to serve, this friend of the “sofa dogs” “on tiptoes” hopes to rise high in the world. career ladder. Sofia's falling in love gives the pathetic "wordless" hope for a successful and profitable marriage, which did not take place. From now on he will be even meaner, but more careful.
What are the characteristics of the heroes of “Woe from Wit” without the main thing? actor? Without Alexander Andreevich Chatsky? He is a young, wealthy nobleman. The fact that Chatsky hurried to Sofia, returning after a three-year absence, suggests that he considered the Famusovs close people: he grew up in their house after the death of his father. Sofia initially gives him flattering characteristics, noting his sharp mind and eloquence. But the merciless criticism he undertook of the morals and way of life of the Moscow nobility was unpleasant to her.
Apparently, Alexander had the opportunity to compare and rethink a lot, which is why he speaks so negatively about the existence of slavery and the lack of freedom in the country. Chatsky is the bearer of a new worldview, inherent in few others in his contemporary Russia.
Sofia was not happy with the passionate feeling that Chatsky had for her. She herself said that she “reluctantly” drove him crazy. It seems that this thought became the impetus for her stupid prank, which threw the ardent Chatsky into the abyss of “a million torments” and made him become disappointed and leave Moscow.
The comedy was written in 1823, but every generation of readers, schoolchildren and critics who describe the characters, “Woe from Wit” is viewed through the prism of contemporary realities. And it seems that the characters created by Griboedov will never lose their relevance.
Characteristics Present century Past century Attitude to wealth, to ranks “They found protection from court in friends, in kinship, building magnificent chambers where they indulge in feasts and extravagance, and where foreign clients of their past lives do not resurrect the meanest traits,” “And those whoever is higher, flattery, like weaving lace...” “Be inferior, but if you have enough, two thousand family souls, that’s the groom.” Attitude to service “I’d be glad to serve, it’s sickening to be waited on,” “Uniform! one uniform! He is in their former life [...]