Essay on the topic of prophecy of the future in art. Predictions for the future in the arts

16.04.2019

Predictions in art

Art. 9th grade

Subject: Art anticipates the future.

Prediction - this is a message about some event that will certainly happen in the future.

Artistic thinking, better than other people, is developed among artists, composers, writers, whose profession is the creative completion of reality. They are the ones who most often make amazing predictions, which often come true after a while.

Works of art have more than once anticipated historical events, scientific discoveries, development of technical progress.

Minkowski, he declared that our reality is four-dimensional space-time (“Time Machine”).

"Time Machine"- the first science fiction novel by H.G. Wells, describing a journey into a future world inhabited by two types of creatures into which man has become: the Morlocks, who live in underground world and those servicing the machines, and fragile Eloi completely unsuited for work. Over the millennia, both of them practically lost their minds, turning into half-animals.

In 1898, he predicted wars involving poison gas, aircraft, and laser-like devices.

"War worlds"

"War in the Air"

« When sleeping will wake up"

In 1905 he described a civilization of intelligent ants "Kingdom of Ants"

In the novel "World Liberated"(1914) mentioned Second world war, unleashed in the 1940s. There is also an “atomic bomb” dropped from an airplane and based on the splitting of an atom

In 1923, Wells was the first to introduce science fiction parallel worlds "People are like gods"

"The first people on Moon"

Wells also discovered such ideas as antigravity, pace of life accelerator and much more .

Alexander Romanovich Belyaev

Soviet science fiction writer, one of the founders of Soviet science fiction literature.

"KEC Star" (KETS are the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky) Sometimes he is called the Russian "Jules Verne"

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Russian Soviet writer and public figure, Count.

Earthlings end up on Mars and discover a humanoid civilization there and become catalysts for a social explosion. The daughter of the head of the High Council, Aelita, falls in love with an earthly engineer. However, the revolution provoked by earthlings is defeated, and they return to Earth.

Fine art

Leonardo da Vinci was truly a genius. A bright representative of the “universal man” type, who contained all the key moments of the era and expressed them in his activities, he made a truly enormous contribution to the development of science.

Having constructed the “machine” of Leonardo da Vinci according to the drawings, the researchers proved that exactly he owns the “copyright” for a parachute, helicopter, scuba gear, machine gun, car and a lot of other mechanisms, without which it is impossible to imagine modern civilization. So, prototype of the modern tank became a heavy van developed by the genius of the 15th century, encased in armor and armed with cannons on all sides.

Leonardo da Vinci known as a designer of weaving looms, printing machines, woodworking and earth-moving machines, glass grinding devices, and metallurgical furnaces. After observing scenes of military battles, Leonardo created a portable ladder ideal for storming palaces and fortresses. Nowadays, this device is used to rescue people in fires.

Inventions

Parachute
Wheel lock
Bike
Tank
Lightweight portable bridges for the army.
Spotlight
Catapult
Robot
Two-lens telescope.

Inventions

Mirror letter Was this a ploy to keep his notes confidential, or simply to avoid smearing ink, since Leonardo wrote with his left hand?

Whatever the reasons, most of Leonardo da Vinci's recordings were made in mirror images.

Scuba Da Vinci's fascination with the sea resulted in many sketches of devices for studying underwater life. His diving suit was made of leather and attached to a reed tube leading to a bell on the surface.

The artist’s practicality is proven by the elaboration of even such details as a container for collecting a diver’s urine.

Rotating Bridge This type of bridge, designed by Leonardo da Vinci, would have been useful to the armies of the time. Consisting of one span, the bridge was attached to the bank with a vertical hinge, which allowed it to rotate. Such bridges could be installed quite quickly. winged glider The conquest of the air element interested the genius no less than the conquest of the sea element. Here is one of the gliders designed by Da Vinci. The open-cockpit glider was equipped with a control system for the pilot, but was propelled by moving wings.

Three-barreled gun Despite his generally peaceful disposition, Leonardo also developed military vehicles. For example, more effective guns. This lightweight concept could very well become terrible weapon on the battlefield.

"Apocalypse"

On the eve of the 16th century artist returned to Nuremberg after his first trip to Italy.

At this time, Germany was experiencing great turmoil: crop failure, famine, cruel exactions. A wave of popular riots arose throughout the country, brutally suppressed by the princes and the Inquisition.

These days Dürer creates a series of woodcuts "Apocalypse" . The series includes 15 engravings illustrating Revelation of John the Theologian. The characters in the engravings are dressed in the costumes of his time, the canonical images are deprived of holiness..

Although the popularity of the series' engravings was linked to the widespread expectation of the end of the world in 1500, Apocalypse has powerful political overtones. The artist unequivocally hints that the princes and clergy are to blame for the events that took place in Germany - it is these people who will face terrible punishment. "The Four Horsemen" The Apocalypse symbolizes war, pestilence, judgment and death.

All four horsemen are the personification of famous biblical images. The first - the archer - is the Winner.

Study of the mathematical model of the paintings of the great Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh showed that some of his paintings depict real turbulent (vortex) flows invisible to the eye that arise during the rapid flow of a liquid or gas, for example, when gas flows out of a jet engine nozzle.

K. F. Yuon before the revolution he had already developed as an artist.

Moscow and Moscow suburbs, the Russian province and ancient Russian cities with their unique architecture and colorful crowds of people.

The artist translated revolutionary events into a cosmic, fantastic plane.

In the picture there are no real signs of life. This depicts the approach of some unknown planet to the Earth. In its rays, small figures of people rush about in fear. This is how the artist conveyed the events and upheavals of the revolutionary time.

Example such a phenomenon as prediction in art the painting “Bolshevik” can be considered B. M. Kustodieva.

B.M. KUSTODIEV

"BOLSHEVIK"

The main character of the picture, a Bolshevik, is depicted against the backdrop of the city. The Bolshevik is taller than all the houses and even the church, and his red banner obscures blue sky. Compared to the Bolshevik, the people look insignificant. In his painting, B. M. Kustodiev used a metaphor that for many years they could not unravel.

During the initial period of creativity K.S.Petrov-Vodkin was strongly influenced foreign masters. Since the 1910s, he moved from allegorical to holistic monumental and decorative works.

"Bathing the Red Horse"

This painting was perceived by contemporaries as a kind of sign, a metaphorical expression of the post-revolutionary (1905) and pre-revolutionary (1917) era, as a kind of foresight and premonition of future events. But if contemporaries only felt the prophetic character of “The Bathing of the Red Horse,” then descendants already confidently and convincingly declared the meaning of the painting, declaring it “ petrel of revolution in painting ".

IN musical art an example of this kind of foresight is a piece for orchestra "The Unanswered Question" (« Space landscape") American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954)

It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and creation aircraft(K. Tsiolkovsky).

This play became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

Homemade exercise

Listen to the music of Charles Ives. What impression did she make on you? (written)

TEST

1.Jules Verne his works

The Invisible Man
Amphibious Man
Time machine
Aelita
20,000 leagues under the sea

test

In the painting “Bathing the Red Horse” by Petrov-Vodkin, the horse is a symbol

courage
youth
fate of Russia
sun
revolution

Yuon “New Planet” the artist wanted to depict

new discoveries in science
events and upheavals of revolutionary times
fantastic landscape

A. Tolstoy his works

A-War of the Worlds

B- Hyperboloid of engineer Garin

IN- Journey to the center of the Earth

G- Head of Professor Dowell

What inventions did Leonardo Da Vinci make?

scuba
telephone
laser
robot

Ecology of consumption. Does it predict Science fiction future or inspiring future discoveries? When reading any of these books, where bionic prostheses and tablets were described decades, or even centuries ago, the reader inevitably has this question.

Does science fiction predict the future or inspire future discoveries? When reading any of these books, where bionic prostheses and tablets were described decades, or even centuries ago, the reader inevitably has this question.

We have collected for you examples of works whose authors were staring at the water.

1. Jonathan Swift predicted the discovery of two moons of Mars in Gulliver's Travels

In this satirical work 1726 tells of a man named Gulliver who travels through different worlds. For example, one of them is inhabited by Lilliputians, and the other by giants. When Gulliver finds himself on the island of Laputa, local astronomers notice that there are two moons orbiting Mars. More than 150 years later, in 1877, it was discovered that Mars actually has two moons - Phobos and Deimos.

2. Mary Shelley predicted modern transplants in Frankenstein

In 1818, when Shelley wrote Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, science was just beginning to explore a new field: the reanimation of dead tissue with electricity. And although the methods of the time were crude, to say the least, they paved the way for future medical breakthroughs, including the organ transplants that Shelley wrote about.

3. Jules Verne predicted an electric submarine in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea

Jules Verne is one of the most famous visionaries of the 19th century. He made many successful predictions - from lunar modules to solar sails - within a hundred extra years to real discoveries. However, his most famous book is “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.” The novel was published in 1870 and described an electric submarine, 90 years before its invention.

4. Edward Bellamy predicted credit cards in Look Back

63 years before creation credit cards, in 1888, Bellamy published the utopian novel “Looking Backward, 2000-1887” (English: Looking Backward, 2000-1887; in Russian it was published under the titles “In 2000”; “Golden Age”; “Future Age” "; "In a hundred years"). Julian West falls asleep for 113 years, and when he wakes up in the year 2000, he discovers that everyone uses so-called “credit” cards to buy goods.

5. Hugo Gernsback predicted solar energy in his novel Ralph 124C 41+

This early novel by Gernsback - the man after whom the world's most famous science fiction award, the Hugo Book Awards, was named - was written in 1911 but is set in 2660. The novel predicts solar energy, televisions, tape recorders, sound films and space travel.

6. H.G. Wells in "The Liberated World" predicted the atomic bomb

With his novel The World Set Free, published in 1914, H. G. Wells not only predicted nuclear weapons, but may have given Dr. Leo Szilard, who first split the atom, the idea of a destructive atomic bomb. In Wells's universe, the atomic bomb was a uranium hand grenade, that is, an ordinary bomb with added radioactivity. Science reached this idea only thirty years later.

7. Huxley in the novel “O Wonderful One” new world"predicted mood-boosting pills

This dark novel depicts a drug-addicted capitalist society that values sexual freedom over monogamy and divides people into castes. In his 1931 book, Huxley foresaw the use of mood-enhancing pills, as well as reproductive technology and the problem of overpopulation.

8. George Orwell predicted Big Brother and mass video surveillance in 1984

In his classic dystopia, Orwell first introduced such concepts as "Big Brother", "doublethink", "newspeak" and the "thought police". The 1949 novel depicts a grim world four decades after the end of World War II. There is a lot of talk here about censorship, propaganda and the oppressive government of the future. Orwell also predicted mass video surveillance and police helicopters.

9. Ray Bradbury predicted in-ear headphones in Fahrenheit 451

This has become cult book was written in 1953. It tells the story of a technologically advanced society where books are outlawed and any book discovered must be burned. The dystopia describes, in particular, flat-screen TVs, as well as portable radios, similar in meaning to in-ear headphones and Bluetooth headsets.

10. Robert Heinlein predicted a waterbed in Stranger in a Strange Land.

The hero of this 1961 novel, Valentine Michael Smith, raised on Mars and raised by Martians, comes to Earth. In addition to discussing intergalactic politics and other hot-button topics, the author predicted modern waterbeds decades before their invention.

11. Arthur C. Clarke predicted the iPad in A Space Odyssey

This 1968 book by Arthur C. Clarke about an alien civilization creating intelligent life on Earth is replete with discussions about nuclear war, evolution and the dangers of artificial intelligence in the form of the HAL 9000 supercomputer. But the most accurate prediction turned out to be a description of electronic newspapers, very similar to modern tablets.

12. John Brunner predicted satellite TV and electric cars in All Stand on Zanzibar

Brunner's dystopia was first published in 1968. In addition to the realistic plot, the book contains many examples of the technologies that surround us today, including interactive and satellite television, laser printers, electric cars, and even the decriminalization of marijuana.

13. Martin Kaidin predicted bionic prostheses in Cyborg

In this 1972 novel, former astronaut Steve Austin has an accident in which he loses all but one of his limbs and goes blind in one eye. A team of scientists turns Austin into a cyborg: he gets new legs, a removable camera eye and a bionic arm. At the time of the book's publication, the first successful transplantation of a bionic prosthetic arm was 41 years away.

14. Douglas Adams predicted speech translation apps in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

This book was published in 1971. Arthur Dent receives information from his friend Ford Prefect - a secret correspondent for the interstellar guide "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" - that the Earth is about to be destroyed. The couple escapes by sneaking onto spacecraft, and their strange journey through the Universe begins. As the action progresses main character faces the universal speech translator, which now, 34 years later, has become a reality.

15. William Gibson predicted cyberspace and computer hackers in Neuromancer

In this futuristic crime novel 1984 tells the story of a down-and-out hacker and cybercriminal who recovers and regains his ability to access cyberspace. Neuromancer not only became the first novel to win all three science fiction awards (Hugo, Nebula and Philip K. Dick) and inspired the then-Wachowski brothers to create the film The Matrix, but also predicted the emergence of cyberspace and computer hackers. published

Join us on

On August 22, 1920, the famous American writer Ray Douglas Bradbury. He is often classified as a science fiction writer and is considered the founder of many traditions of the genre. However, in fact, Bradbury's work covers more than just the fantasy genre. However, in many of his works he actually predicted the future and how we live now.

Man is by nature curious and loves various kinds of predictions, especially if they are optimistic. And not only psychics, mediums and fortune tellers can look into the future and foresee events. Many writers also have this ability, whose books often describe things unknown in their time. Here are 25 books that put forward bold and, most importantly, correct guesses about future technologies and events.

25. Mars has two natural satellites

The presence of moons on Mars was predicted by Jonathan Swift in 1735.

Such a surprisingly accurate guess can be found on the pages of the book Gulliver's Travels, written by Jonathan Swift in 1735. Only 142 years later, in 1872, the satellites of the Red Planet - Phobos and Deimos - were discovered by astronomers.

24. Solar sails

Solar sail (IKAROS) 145 years after the idea was born.

In 1865, in his science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon, Jules Verne put forward the idea of solar sails. This bold guess was realized 145 years later when the first solar sail (IKAROS) was used.

23. Submarine on electricity

Electric submarines were described by Jules Verne.

In the book “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” (1870) by the same Verne, the amazing submarine “Nautilus” runs on electricity. Real submarines with an electric motor appeared 90 years later - in the 60s of the twentieth century.

22. Credit cards

The appearance of credit cards was predicted 62 years before their invention.

Edward Bellamy predicted the advent of credit cards in his science fiction work "Look Back" 62 years before their invention, which occurred in 1962.

And again we return to Jules Verne. A rich imagination suggested to the writer the idea of aerial advertising, when the inscription is drawn by an airplane in the air through a smoke trail. The conjecture was expressed in a story written in 1889. It came true quite soon - in 1915 at an air show in San Francisco.

20. Automatic sliding doors

H.G. Wells' automatic sliding doors after 60 years.

Another great science fiction writer, H.G. Wells, predicted the advent of automatic sliding doors in his novel When the Sleeper Awake (1899). This type of door was invented 60 years later.

19. Tanks

"Land battleships" of the present.

And after a few more yo Wells wrote the story “Land Battleships” (1903), in which he described tanks. After 13 years these combat vehicles appeared on the battlefields of the First World War...

18. Lie detector

Lie detectors were first mentioned in literature in 1910.

IN fiction The first mention of a lie detector can be found in the work of E. Bulmer and V. McHagen “Luther Trent” (The Achievements of Luther Trant, 1910). The first use of a real polygraph occurred in 1924.

17. Solar energy

Solar energy for the benefit of humanity.

In 1911, Hugo Gernsback began publishing his novel “Ralph 124C 41+” (this work can also take its rightful place on the list of books with the strangest names) in the magazine Modern Electrics. One of the technical predictions concerned the use of solar energy for the benefit of humanity. 67 years passed - and in 1978 the first calculators appeared, which were recharged with the energy of our luminary.

16. Atomic bomb

The invention of the atomic bomb and nuclear war were described in 1914 by Halbert Wells.

One of the darkest predictions made by H.G. Wells, which unfortunately came true, was the invention of the atomic bomb and nuclear war, described in the book The World Set Free (1914). A little over three decades have passed, and atomic bombs fell on Japanese cities. By the way, in the same novel, the English science fiction writer also spoke about cheap nuclear energy.

It took a little longer - about 57 years - for Wells's prediction about the use of voice mail to come true (the novel Men Like Gods). This technical innovation became widespread after 1980.

14. Artificial insemination

J. B. S. Haldane was the first to propose the idea of artificial insemination.

J. B. S. Haldane became famous as a brilliant popularizer of science and a prominent scientist. In one of his books, “Daedalus, or Science and the Future” (1924), along with other interesting guesses, he expressed the idea of artificial insemination. The first successful “in vitro conception” was carried out after more than five decades, in 1973.

13. Genetic engineering

Aldous Huxley gave a vivid description of genetic engineering.

In his famous dystopian novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley gave a vivid description of genetic engineering. Today's science has not yet reached the level described in the book, although the first genetic manipulations began back in 1972.

12. Total control

"Big Brother sees you."

George Orwell painted a very impressive picture of total state control over its citizens in his book “1984,” written in 1948. And in 2013, a scandal broke out related to the espionage activities of the NSA, which tapped the phones of many American and foreign citizens.

11. Drop headphones

Ray Bradbury predated Apple by 50 years.

A description of this type of miniature headphones can be read on the pages of Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451, published in 1950. Music lovers had to wait a little more than half a century until Apple company launched the first headphones of this type on the market.

10. Communications satellites

Arthur C. Clarke proposed the appearance of satellites in 1951.

In 2001: A Space Odyssey (1951), American science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke predicted the appearance of artificial communications satellites in Earth orbit. We didn't have to wait long - already in 1965 the first such satellite was launched.

9. Virtual reality

Virtual reality is the conjecture of science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke.

Five years later, Clark wrote The City and the Stars, which references virtual reality video games. In 1966, that is, just 10 years later, the first flight simulator was developed, bringing this brilliant science fiction writer’s guess to life.

8. Waterbeds

The 1961 book Stranger in a Strange Land describes waterbeds for the first time.

Another famous science fiction writer, Robert Heinlein, also distinguished himself in the field of predictions. The 1961 book Stranger in a Strange Land describes waterbeds, and the first patent for them was issued in 1971.

7. Space tourism

A little more and space tourism will gain momentum.

The idea of space travel for tourist purposes was expressed by the same Clark in the novel “Moon Dust”, and in practice it was first put into practice by Dennis Tito, the first space tourist.

6. European Union

The European Union was formalized in 1993.

In John Brunner's book “All Stand on Zanzibar” (1969) one can find a mention of the European Union, which received official registration in 1993.

5. Bionic prosthetics

Technological prostheses in the 21st century.

Martin Caidin expressed this idea in the pages of his Cyborg (1972). 41 years later, in 2013, the first bionic leg prosthesis was created.

4. Real-time translation

From Douglas Adams' Babel Fish in 1980 to the Google app in 2014.

IN humorous work Douglas Adams's The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1980) featured a "Babel fish" capable of translating from one language to another in real time. In 2014, Google introduced a real-time translation feature into its app.

3. World Wide Web

The World Wide Web has already covered the entire world.

The founder of the cyberpunk genre, William Gibson, predicted the emergence of cyberspace and hacking in his novel Neuromancer. In the early 90s, the World Wide Web, or simply the Internet, began to cover the Earth with its web, involving more and more PC users in its virtual networks.

2. The best human chess player will be beaten by a computer before the year 2000

Today, the match between a person and a computer has lost all sporting meaning.

This is exactly the forecast made by Raymond Kurzweil in his book “The Age of Intelligent Machines,” published in 1990, when chess computers were still quite weak and could be beaten by grandmasters almost without problems. However, just 7 years later, the supercomputer Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov, the strongest chess player on the planet. Today, chess programs are so powerful that a match between a person and a computer has lost all sporting meaning.

1. The lunar module will be launched in Florida and, upon returning to Earth, will splash down in the ocean

The landing of astronauts in the ocean was predicted by Jules Verne in the novel From the Earth to the Moon (1865).

104 years before the Apollo 11 flight to the Moon, this is exactly how everything was described in Jules Verne’s novel From the Earth to the Moon (1865). Everything went according to the same scenario in reality - a team of American astronauts led by Neil Armstrong splashed down in a special module and were soon picked up by the aircraft carrier Hornett.

Subject "Predictions in Art"

Objective of the lesson: show the ability of works of art to predict historical events; develop skills in analyzing artistic and musical works.

Equipment: computer, projector, presentation, reproductions of paintings by B. Kustodiev, A. Durer, P. Picasso, musical composition Charles Ives, fragment of the film Andrei Rublev.

Lesson progress

Organizational moment

Repetition of learned material

For several lessons now we have been talking and discussing with you on a very interesting and at the same time complex topic. Which one? What knowledge have you already gained on this issue? Remember what we talked about in the last lesson and answer the question: “What examples in the history of art that predict future events do you know?”

Recall:

Jules Vernet's novel “20 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea”;

Artist Wassily Kandinsky;

Vincent Van Gogh;

A. Tolstoy “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin”;

Johann Sebastian Bach

Tell me, for what purpose did we consider those examples of prediction in art that you just remembered? Tell me, what question did we look for the answer to in the previous lesson? What were we trying to prove with these examples? What idea should I formulate? (That art not only affects our emotional sphere, but sometimes even provides scientific knowledge.

Setting a learning task for the lesson.

The topic of our lesson is “Predictions in Art.” Try to tell me what we will do in class today? We continue our acquaintance with works of art that in one way or another predict future events or give their own special interpretation of those events that are revealed in these works.

Learning new material

Any work of art is aimed at the future, therefore in history one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about the impending social danger: revolutions, wars and splits. This kind of prophecy has been encountered many times in art, including in artistic paintings. Great creators could use their own works to predict in art. It is possible that this is precisely the main strength of this type of human activity. Guys, remember we talked about this, why only creative people have such a gift? (they have a special well-developed imaginative thinking, which allows them to guess at missing data).

4.1 . Getting to know the engravings of A. Durer.

A striking example predictions in art can be considered creativity German painter and Renaissance graphics by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). He created a series of engravings.

Glossary of terms: engraving (from the French gravure) is a printed impression on paper (or on a similar material) from a plate (“board”) on which a design is carved.

This series of engravings was called “Apocalypse” (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the name of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world).

Wood engravings were made. There are 15 of them in total, they illustrate the Revelation of John the Theologian. When they were first published in 1498, they became widespread and popular precisely because at that time there was a widespread expectation of the end of the world in 1500.

There is an opinion that the artist expressed an anxious expectation of world-historical changes, which indeed shook Germany after some time.

The most significant of this series is the engraving "The Four Horsemen". Let's look at it, give our opinion and listen to the message.

SLIDE 1.

Look carefully at the contents of the engraving. What impression does she make on you? What emotions does it evoke? What do you see?

What do you think these horsemen symbolize?

Why did you get this impression?

Student message

Dürer's engravings illustrate the revelation of John the Evangelist. The engraving “The Four Horsemen” reflects chapter 6. Here are short sayings from this chapter.

Behold, a white horse, and a rider on it had a bow, and a crown was given to him; and he came out victorious, and to conquer.

And another horse came out, a red one; and to him that sat on it was given power to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another; and a great sword was given to him.

The third animal is a black horse, and its rider has a measure in his hand.

And behold, a pale horse, and on it a rider whose name was “death”; and hell followed him; and power was given to him over the fourth part of the earth - to kill with the sword, and with famine, and with pestilence, and with the beasts of the earth.

Four horsemen are depicted (from right to left): the first is Conquest with a crown and bow; the second is War with the Sword; third - Hunger with scales; the fourth is Death, unlike other riders on an unshod, bareback, skinny horse. Durer moved away from the usual representation of Death in the form of a grinning skeleton with a scythe; he depicted Death in the form of a thin, bearded old man with a trident.

Teacher's story

Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - fiercely sweep across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. The swirling clouds and horizontal streaks of the background increase the speed of this frantic gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.

According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on earth one by one, but the artist deliberately placed them next to each other. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this arrangement of figures lies in Durer’s desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having destroyed the wall that the artist had erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the horsemen would inevitably burst into the real world.

4.2 Acquaintance with the work of F. Goya

Examples of art’s predictions of social change and upheaval include the etchings of F. Goya, the paintings “Guernica” by P. Picasso, “Bolshevik” by B. Kustodiev, “New Planet” by K. Yuon and many others.

Let's look at the dictionary again

Etching (French eau-forte - nitric acid, literally - “strong water”) - a type of engraving on metal; obtaining impressions from printing plates (“boards”), in the process of creating an image on which the surface is etched with acids

I suggest looking at Goya’s etchings and then expressing your opinion and impressions of what you saw.

SLIDES 2-4

Analysis of Goya's works.

What feelings did you get from viewing the etchings?

Try to guess what events the artist wanted to reflect in these works? Why did you decide this? Which means of expression Did they help you come to this conclusion?

In the series of etchings “Disasters of War,” Goya depicted the struggle of the broad masses of the Spanish people against Napoleonic troops. The people rebelled against Napoleon's regular troops with knives, stakes, and axes. They fought with frenzy and anger, defending every inch of land, hence the names - “With or without common sense?” The women fought with the same fury. “They became like wild animals,” says Goya.

All the horrors of war pass through the etchings in a terrible sequence: piles of corpses, carts with the dead, execution of rebels and violence against women. “I saw it!”, “It’s impossible to see it!” - with these words Goya accompanies two of his etchings.

4.3 Getting to know the works of P. Picaso

Today I would like to introduce you to a painting of the famous Spanish artist, sculptor, graphic artist, ceramist and designer Pablo Picasso. To take a little break from the serious problem we have raised, I suggest you look at the screen and read full name Pablo Picasso.

SLIDE 5

The name Picasso consists of 16 names, along with particles of 22 words.

Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (Picasso's version (1881-1973) is also accepted)

SLIDE 6 Painting “Guernica”

Look and express your feelings about the picture

The reason for the creation of “Guernica” by Picasso was the bombing of the city of Guernica. During Civil War In Spain, on April 26, 1937, a fascist volunteer unit subjected the city of Guernica to a sadistic night bombing. Several aerial bombs were dropped on the city, which caused a devastating fire, as a result of which a significant part of the city was destroyed and, according to various estimates, about 200-250 people were injured.

The whole world watched these events, including Pablo Ruiz Picasso. The Spanish poet and prominent public figure Rafael Alberti later recalled: “Picasso had never been to Guernica, but the news of the destruction of the city struck him like the blow of a bull’s horn.” The bombing of Guernica served as the impetus for the creation of the famous painting. The painting was painted literally in a month - the first days of work on the painting, Picasso worked for 10-12 hours and already in the first sketches one could see the main idea.

This picture perfectly conveys the tragedy of people’s heartlessness.

Conversation about the works seen

Please tell me guys. We looked at a number of works different artists, living in different countries, in different time periods. Is there anything common in these works?

Why do you think these works are considered within this topic? What are the predictions?

Why will these paintings be relevant in the future?

This is because they show all the horrors of war, which in any historical period is a terrible event and, regardless of time, will be accompanied by loss of life, hunger and grief. This is the predictive role of art.

4.4 Getting to know the works of Russian artists

And now I propose to turn to the work of Russian artists and see if predictions occur in Russian art.

Look at the following picture

SLIDE 7 Kustodiev "Bolshevik"

Listen to the story about this painting (Legeza S.)

B.M. Kustodiev is known as an original writer of everyday life of merchants. IN Soviet era the artist turned to the theme of revolution. Events February revolution 1917, Kustodiev, confined to a wheelchair, could only watch from the window. He wrote about his impressions: “It’s still in full swing here, the streets are still full of people... I’ve never complained so much about my life, which doesn’t allow me to go out into the street - after all, I have to wait for “such” a street for centuries.”

Kustodiev understood the revolution as a spontaneous, gigantic popular revolt. Therefore, he decides to create the image of a new hero who led the people to victory over their oppressors.

In search of means of expression, Kustodiev for the first time in his work resorted to an allegorical solution. The huge, powerful figure of a Bolshevik with a red banner in his hands towers over the city and people. He walks, as in a fairy tale, with leaps and bounds, and it is not entirely clear where he is going. The grandiose banner of the flag, fluttering in the wind, like the flame of a revolutionary fire, blazes over the city and is lost beyond the horizon. Below, under the giant, streams of armed people are moving along the city streets and alleys. Simple Russian face The giant is filled with an indestructible will, his eyes burn, his powerful hands tightly grip the shaft. In front of him, like the last barrier, rises a church building - a symbol of autocracy, a faithful custodian of the old order. The viewer feels that the giant will step over it as easily as he previously stepped over houses and other structures.

In the original version, the artist wanted to place a priest and a deacon hiding in panic on the roof of the church. But during the work, he refused to include this detail in the picture, realizing that it could take the picture into the plane of caricature.

In the painting “Bolshevik” Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev uses a metaphor ( hidden meaning), which has not been solved for many decades. Using this example, you can understand how the content of the picture is filled with new meaning, how the era with its new views and changed value orientations puts new meanings into the content.

Teacher's message

Today it is difficult to overestimate the feat of Kustodiev, who created a canvas of such content in the difficult year of nineteen, in the ring of the blockade, in need and cold... In general, guys, it must be said that Kustodiev was a man who loved his homeland very much. Until the age of 20, he lived only in the city, although life was difficult, he wore two pairs of socks, because the bottom pair was missing toes, and the top heels... And when, as a student, he went to a Russian village to study its life, he fell in love with the village so much that 4 years later, when he got married, he returned to the village. At that time he was already in great demand (few people had such a rapid career: yesterday he still wore combined socks, today he paints portraits of people who decided the destinies of Russia). Therefore, many of his comrades wondered why he locked himself in such a wilderness. Boris Mikhailovich was surprised in his turn: “How can I be bored when I write every day and talk to my dear Yulik in the evening. On the contrary, I am now experiencing the best time of my life - I am painting a picture and I feel that I love and that I am loved. .."

But there was also annoyance that I wanted to quickly forget about. At the age of 19, he said in a letter to his mother: “Something is aching again, as it sometimes happens to me.” I forgot when I managed to forget. But at 31, it was no longer possible to shrug it off - the pain in the arm and neck kept getting worse and soon turned into suffering. Severe headaches were added to the pain in my arm. Doctors suspect bone tuberculosis. From now on he wears a rigid corset from chin to waist. He is being treated in a Swiss clinic, where he is given a new diagnosis: a tumor in the spinal canal. The operation cannot be avoided. True, then they promise a complete recovery. And at the age of 37 he undergoes a second operation. Boris Makhailovich has two children: his third son, Igorek, died at eleven months, and then, according to his daughter’s recollections, “the first gray strand appeared in my mother’s hair: Spinal cord surgery is no joke even today, but even then...

General anesthesia for 5 hours. Yulia Evstafievna (wife) is sitting in the corridor. The doctors encourage her from time to time, but their words and glances are evasive. The professor himself comes out into the corridor and says: a spinal cord tumor has been confirmed, but to get to it, you need to cut the nerve endings. The patient is unconscious, so you decide what to save: his arms or legs. A girl, a once happy lover, a woman immortalized in dozens of paintings, a mother who has already lost her son and is losing her husband with tragic iron inevitability, Yulia Evsafievna says: “Leave your hands. An artist is without hands, he cannot live...”

Since then, Boris Mikhailovich has been chained to wheelchair. But this did not break his spirit, he continues to create and create his new masterpieces.

Today, this picture, like K. Yuon’s “New Planet,” is filled with new content. But how artists at that time managed to sense the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.

Look at another painting by artist Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon “New Planet”

SLIDE 8 “New Planet”

What feelings and emotions does this picture evoke in you?

What do you think it's about? -What did the artist want to tell us?

This work does not just depict an unusual phenomenon - the birth of a new planet. K.F. Yuon is trying to comprehend the meaning of the October Revolution. For him, a revolution is not just a coup that took place in one specific state. No. This is a phenomenon on a universal scale. And people’s reaction to such an unprecedented event is ambiguous.

In the painting “New Planet,” the birth of a new cosmic body is accompanied by bright flashes that illuminate people. Witnesses of an unusual phenomenon that destroys the usual way of life, old world, react differently to what is happening. Some see this as the birth of something new. beautiful world. They stretch out their hands with hope bright light. Some don't have the strength to walk. They fall exhausted and crawl with all their strength towards this new thing. For others, the collapse of the old world causes panic. They may perceive the emergence of a new planet as the end of the world. People fall on their faces in fear, covering their heads, trying to take cover and escape from the impending catastrophe. But the cosmic cataclysm does not leave both of them indifferent.

Why do you think we understand the picture differently? Do we put another meaning into it?

Probably because for our time the events of the revolution are already history, but the conquest of space and questions related to the place and fate of our planet in the Universe are relevant and concern us.

In musical art, an example of this kind of foresight is the piece for orchestra “The Unanswered Question” (“Cosmic Landscape”) by the American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky).

Listen to a short fragment and try to say what this piece is about?

Insert a music file into slide 8 - close the screen while playing

What emotions does music evoke? What state of mind is conveyed in music? What can this work tell about?

This play became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

Today we got acquainted with works that reflect social changes in society, which were sometimes accompanied by tragedies, bloodshed, etc.

Therefore, I propose to end our lesson by talking about something more joyful and positive.

Look at the works of Russian artist Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov

SLIDES 9-11

In his dynamic compositions he sought to express the internal energy of the object. By crushing objects, pushing them on top of each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a lightning-fast changing world. In this restless, shifting and rushing space, the familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals and views of Novgorod and Moscow can be discerned. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey something that is generally indescribable, for example, the spreading sound in the film “Ringing. Bell tower of Ivan the Great."

In Russian musical art, the theme of bells has found a vivid embodiment in the works of various composers of the past and present: M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin, A. Petrov

For the lesson, the girls completed an artistic and creative task and prepared a musical and literary composition “and the bell rings over the earth”

Literary and musical composition

“And the ringing of bells rushes over the earth”

The temple is an image of a transformed world, created according to the laws of beauty and harmony.

There is beauty unspeakable, bright,

The one that is not called holy for nothing...

The cherished secret will be quietly revealed.

Rus' will remain a white swan in the heart.

A blessed dream, a joy come true -

The hour of contemplation God given,

As if miraculously descended from heaven -

With a silent song - White stone temple...

Extraordinary, attractive. The appearance of the temple is beautiful and unusual; being away from it, we hear the ringing of its bells.

How quietly it blows over the valley

Distant bell ringing

Like the noise of a flock of cranes, -

And he froze in the sonorous leaves...

Only in one country in the world - in Russia - does bell music live. Only in Rus' did bell ringing become a national art: it entered music and was reflected in literature and painting.

Belfry

Among the sky

Among the fire-faced

Bow with your pure ringing,

From the bell tower of Ivan the Great

I see everything Orthodox Rus'…

Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have invariably accompanied holidays and celebrations, informed people about important events,

They called people to a meeting, showed the way to travelers lost in bad weather, and in tragic days for the Fatherland they called for the defense of their homeland.

(A poem is played against the background of music.)

When the bells ring solemnly

Or a sensitive ear will hear their distant ringing,

Involuntarily embraced by a sad thought,

Like a funeral song,

I listen to their cheerful sounds sadly,

And my soul is full of secret murmurs.

The bell is the only one musical instrument V Orthodox church. And although in the 4th-5th centuries from Orthodox tradition left instrumental music, and the church fathers gave preference to the human voice, considering it the most perfect instrument, bells remained.

The dormant bell

Woke up the fields

Smiled at the sun

Sleepy land.

The blows came

To the blue skies

It rings loudly

Hidden behind the river

White moon

She ran loudly

Frisky wave.

The quiet valley drives away sleep.

Somewhere down the road

The ringing stops.

In Rostov, the belfries of the Assumption Cathedral have survived to this day. Rostov bells are a wonderful creation of the Russian national epic. Their origin dates back to the 17th century.

The largest bell, cast in 1688 Rostov master Frol Terentev. It weighs 2,000 poods, has a velvety sound and beautiful overtones. The sound of this bell was recognized 20 km from the city.

(A poem is played against the background of music).

I love the church bell immensely

And again, like a shadow, I will enter the cold temple,

So that I can meet living water there

And go home again with an even gait.

The most famous bell in Russia is, of course, the Tsar Bell. It weighed more than 200 tons. During a fire in 1737, the bell collapsed and a piece weighing 11.5 tons fell off. Since then he has been silent forever. And now the Tsar Bell, located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, amazes visitors with its size.

Goodbye to yours with a mighty tongue,

Call the trembling of menacing metal

In Rus', bells were treated as living beings, and they were given names and nicknames: Gabriel, Howler, Broad, Swan, Bear - depending on the nature of their sound.

Russian craftsmen began casting bells in the 12th and 13th centuries. To do this, a brick “blockhead” and a clay mold were built in a huge hole. Copper was melting in a furnace nearby. Only 5-10 minutes before casting was tin added to it. Some craftsmen threw silver coins into the melted mass. Several workers, swinging a lever, punched a hole in the melting furnace from which metal burst out. Flowing down the gutters, it filled the form. So that success is not damaged by intrigues evil spirits, before casting, the most ridiculous rumors were spread. It was believed that the more ridiculous the rumors, the louder the bell would ring.

In Russia, the poorest church had at least three bells, and the bell towers of rich churches had up to 10 or more. The collection of all the bells is called ringing.

Only the middle bells participate in the everyday ringing, and it is performed by one bell ringer. And on holidays, for example, Easter, everyone was allowed into the bell tower all week long. Ringing bells was a favorite pastime of the Russian people.

In the native fields there is a quiet evening ringing, -

I once loved listening to him so much

At the hour, like the rays of the evening sunset

The evening sky will be gilded...

Evening bells... Don't wait for the dawn;

But even in the mists of December

Sometimes summer sends me a smile

Cold dawn...

Evening bells are the poet's soul,

Bless this ringing...

It's not like the cries of light

Scared away my best dream.

Evening bells... And into the distance,

Through the roar of urban anxiety,

You prophesy inspiration to me

Or the grave and peace.

(Picture by Levitan “Evening Bells”).

Lamentable, mournful, iron sound, invariably monotonous, heavy.

But in the life of the people there are not only sad days heralded by alarm or wire ringing, but also holidays that are accompanied by red and festive ringing.

The sound of bells sounds.

Thanks girls

5. Lesson summary

Let's summarize our lesson. What was the topic of the lesson? What new did you learn in class today? Were you interested in the lesson?

Thanks for your work, lesson is over.

Classmates

25 books that put forward bold and, most importantly, correct guesses about future technologies and events.

1. Mars has two natural satellites

2. Solar sails

3. Electric submarine

4. Credit cards

Edward Bellamy predicted the advent of credit cards in his science fiction work "Look Back" 62 years before their invention, which occurred in 1962.

And again we return to Jules Verne. A rich imagination suggested to the writer the idea of aerial advertising, when the inscription is drawn by an airplane in the air through a smoke trail.

The conjecture was expressed in a story written in 1889. It came true quite soon - in 1915 at an air show in San Francisco.

6. Automatic sliding doors

Another great science fiction writer, H.G. Wells, predicted the advent of automatic sliding doors in his novel When the Sleeper Awake (1899). This type of door was invented 60 years later.

7. Tanks

A few years later, Wells wrote the story “Land Battleships” (1903), in which he described tanks. 13 years later, these combat vehicles appeared on the battlefields of the First World War.

8. Lie detector

In fiction, the first mention of a lie detector can be found in the work of E. Bulmer and V. Machagen “Luther Trent” (“The Achievements of Luther Trant”, 1910). The first use of a real polygraph occurred in 1924.

9. Solar energy

In 1911, Hugo Gernsback began publishing his novel “Ralph 124C 41+” (this work can also take its rightful place on the list of books with the strangest names) in the magazine “Modern Electrics”.

One of the technical predictions concerned the use of solar energy for the benefit of humanity. 67 years passed - and in 1978 the first calculators appeared, which were recharged with the energy of our luminary.

10. Atomic bomb

One of the darkest predictions made by H.G. Wells, which unfortunately came true, was the invention of the atomic bomb and nuclear war, described in the book “The World Set Free” (1914).

A little more than three decades passed and atomic bombs fell on Japanese cities. By the way, in the same novel the English science fiction writer spoke about

cheap nuclear energy.

A little longer - about 57 years it took Wells's prediction about the use of voice mail to come true (the novel Men Like Gods). This technical innovation became widespread after 1980.

12. Artificial insemination

J. B. S. Haldane became famous as a brilliant popularizer of science and a prominent scientist. In one of his books “Daedalus, or Science and the Future” (1924), along with other interesting guesses, he expressed the idea of artificial insemination.

The first successful “in vitro conception” was carried out after more than five decades, in 1973.

13. Genetic engineering In his famous dystopian novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley gave a vivid description of genetic engineering. Today's science has not yet reached the level described in the book, although the first genetic manipulations began back in 1972.

14. Total control

George Orwell painted a very impressive picture of total state control over its citizens in his book “1984,” written in 1948.

And recently, in 2013, a scandal erupted related to the espionage activities of the NSA, which tapped the phones of many American

and foreign citizens.

15. Drop headphones

A description of this type of miniature headphones can be read on the pages of Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451, published in 1950. Music lovers had to wait a little more than half a century until Apple released the first headphones of this type to the market.

16. Communications satellites

In 2001: A Space Odyssey (1951), American science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke predicted the appearance of artificial communications satellites in Earth orbit. We didn’t have to wait long - already in 1965 the first such satellite was launched.

17. Virtual reality

18. Waterbeds

19. Space tourism

The idea of space travel for tourist purposes was expressed by the same Clark in the novel “Moon Dust”, and in practice it was first put into practice by Dennis Tito, the first space tourist.

20. European Union

In John Brunner's book “All Stand on Zanzibar” (1969) you can find a mention of the European Union, which received official

registration in 1993.

21. Bionic prosthetics

Martin Caidin expressed this idea in the pages of his Cyborg (1972). 41 years later, in 2013, the first bionic leg prosthesis was created.

22. Real-time translation

Douglas Adams's humorous novel The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1980) features a "Babel fish" that can translate from one language to another in real time.

In 2014, Google introduced real-time translation functionality into its application.

23. World Wide Web

The founder of the cyberpunk genre, William Gibson, predicted the emergence of cyberspace and hacking in his novel Neuromancer.

In the early 90s, the World Wide Web, or simply the Internet, began to cover the Earth with its web, involving more and more people in its virtual networks.

PC users.

24. The best human chess player will be beaten by a computer before the year 2000

This is precisely the forecast made by Raymond Kurzweil in his book “The Age of Intelligent Machines,” published in 1990, when chess computers were still quite weak and could be beaten by grandmasters almost without problems.

However, just 7 years later, the supercomputer Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov, the strongest chess player on the planet.

Today, chess programs are so powerful that a match between a person and a computer has lost all sporting meaning.

25. The lunar module will be launched in Florida and, returning to Earth, will splash down in the ocean

104 years before the Apollo 11 flight to the Moon, this is exactly how everything was described in Jules Verne’s novel “From the Earth to the Moon” (1865).

The same scenario followed in reality - a team of American astronauts led by Neil Armstrong splashed down in a special module and were soon picked up by the aircraft carrier Hornett.