Russian Musical Society (RMO; since 1868 Imperial Russian musical society , IRMO) - a Russian musical and educational society, operating from the second half of the 19th century - until the beginning of the 20th century, which sought to promote the spread music education, introducing the general public to serious music, “encouraging domestic talents.”
The society was under the patronage of the imperial family (the most august patrons were Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (1860-1873), Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich (1873-1881), Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (from 1881), etc.). At first it was called the “Russian Musical Society” (RMS) and for the first 10 years (1859-1868) it functioned under this name.
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The idea of creating a musical society on an all-Russian scale arose in the salon of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. As a result, during the period of social upsurge of the late 1850s - early 1860s, on the initiative of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein, Yulia Fedorovna Abaza and other musical and public figures, a society appeared in Russia, which was destined to play a vital role in raising the entire domestic musical culture.
St. Petersburg branch of the RMO
Formally, the society was created in the form of the resumption of the activities of the Symphonic Society. To do this, on January 27, 1859, one of the last directors of this company, Count M. Yu. Vielgorsky, gathered twelve of its former members and elected five directors who were instructed to review and change the charter. The persons elected in this way constituted the first Committee of Directors of the future “Russian Musical Society” and were its actual founders; these were: M. Yu. Vielgorsky, D. V. Kanshin, V. A. Kologrivov, A. G. Rubinshtein and V. D. Stasov. The first symphonic meeting of the Russian Musical Society took place under the direction of A. G. Rubinstein on November 23, 1859 in the Hall of the Noble Assembly. Chamber evenings began to be held in January 1860 in the D. Bernardachi Hall (the house known as the “House of F.K. Petrovo-Solovo” - Nevsky Prospekt, 86).
Until 1867, symphony concerts were led by A. G. Rubinstein, then by M. A. Balakirev (1867-1869), E. F. Napravnik (1870-1882) and others.
Moscow branch of RMO
The first symphony meeting of the Moscow branch, which became the beginning of public activity, took place on November 22, 1860 in the Small Hall of the Noble Assembly. Already in the first year, the Moscow branch of the RMO consisted of 350 members, and after 6 years there were 1,300 people.
The revival of the department began with the creation of music classes by N. Rubenstein’s student M. Hamburg. With the departure of M. Hamburg in 1888, the department soon ceased its activities and was soon closed.
In 1895, the department was recreated by S.M. Somov, who became the chairman of the RMO branch. In the city, composer and cellist S.V. Zaremba was invited to Voronezh as a conductor of the symphony orchestra. Vitold Ganibalovich Rostropovich actively participated in the activities of the Voronezh branch of the Russian Musical Society.
The Voronezh branch from September 1, 1913 to September 1, 1914 consisted of 33 members, organized 7 regular music meetings, 3 chamber meetings, 3 lectures with musical illustrations, 1 chamber morning and 1 musical morning on the day the building opened Music College.
RMO in other cities of Russia
RMO branches were also opened in other cities Russian Empire- in Kiev (1863), Kazan (1864), Kharkov (1871), Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Pskov (1873), Omsk (1876), Tobolsk (1878), Tomsk (1879), Tambov (1882), Tiflis ( 1883), Odessa (1884), Astrakhan (1891), Poltava (1899), Samara (1900) and others.
All-Russian Choral Society
40 years after the dissolution of the Russian Musical Society during the October Revolution, the functions of the RMO were revived in the activities of the All-Russian Choral Society, which was formed on June 10, 1957 by a decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR at the request of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR and the Union of Composers of the RSFSR. The first congress took place in 1959 new organization in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory, where the society’s objectives included the development artistic education and education in the country, as well as increasing the professionalism of choirs. A. Sveshnikov gave the following formulation of the main goals of the new society:
Promoting the broad development of amateur choral performances, aesthetic education and out-of-school education of children and youth, and the growth of the skills of professional choirs.
Both professional and amateur choirs, choral artists, and amateurs became members of the WChO. choral singing. The VChO was headed by prominent representatives of choral art: A. Sveshnikov, A. Yurlov, A. Novikov, V. Sokolov and N. Kutuzov.
All-Russian Musical Society
In 1987, the All-Russian Choral Society was transformed into the All-Russian Musical Society. According to the Charter of the new creative union, adopted at the First Congress of the organization on March 21, 1991:
VMO is the legal successor of the All-Russian Cultural Organization and the heir to the spiritual traditions of the Russian Musical Society, founded in 1859.
Being public organization, WMO brought together on a voluntary basis representatives of both musical and choreographic culture. Its members included both professional musicians and teachers, and lovers of music, singing and choreography.
The definition of WMO goals included the following points:
Since 1991, WMO has accepted privileged representatives into its ranks musical art with the award of the title "Honored Worker of the All-Russian Musical Society" for outstanding achievements in the field of musical education, promotion of musical culture, and victories at International or All-Russian music competitions. Candidates for the award of the title are nominated by members of the WMO, prominent figures of culture and art through regional representations of the society and are approved by the Presidium of the All-Russian Musical Society in Moscow, which limits the awarding of the title of Honored Worker of the WMO to 20 nominees per year.
At the meeting of the III WMO Congress, he was elected chairman of the board of the society People's Artist Russia, professor, member of the Presidential Council for Culture and Art N.N. Kalinin. And in 2005, he was replaced in this post by composer A.I. Zhidkov.
In 2005, the basis of the activities of the WMO became the Unified Educational Program of the Russian Musical Society, which consists of six main sections: 1. Festivals and competitions; 2. Musical chronicle of Russia; 3. Children's creativity; 4. Publishing activities; 5. Master classes and seminars; 6. Capital construction.
IN modern composition The society includes 27 regional branches of WMO and 11 production plants. To a large extent, the WMO carries out its activities through the work of 11 creative commissions, which were created under the auspices of the Society’s Board and are engaged in the promotion and development of academic opera and choral singing, instrumental music, choreography, musical and aesthetic education younger generation, musical sociology and local history.
In 2010, during the Fifth Congress of the WMO, the original name of the Russian Musical Society was returned to the society ( creative union) and a new version of the organization’s Charter was adopted. In the same year, concerts were held in the theater center on Dubrovka in honor of the 150th anniversary of the creation of the Russian Musical Society.
Russian Musical Society (from 1869 - Imperial Russian Musical Society, IRMO, RMO) - Russian musical and educational society, operating from the second half of the 19th century century - until the beginning of the 20th century, which sought to promote the spread of musical education, familiarize the general public with serious music, and “encourage domestic talents.”
In St. Petersburg, in the house of the counts Vielgorsky, the “Symphonic Musical Society” was formed in 1840, which closed at the beginning of 1851 due to lack of funds. It was replaced by the Concert Society, created in 1850 in the house of Prince A.F. Lvov (author of the hymn “God Save the Tsar”), which annually during Lent staged three concerts in the hall of the Court Singing Chapel. At the same time, for the poor part of the public, regular University concerts began to be organized (about ten concerts per season) under the name “ Musical exercises students of St. Petersburg University." In addition, symphony concerts began to be organized by the Directorate of the Imperial Theaters, under the direction of K. B. Shubert and K. N. Lyadov.
The idea of creating a musical society on an all-Russian scale arose in the salon of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. As a result, during the period of social upsurge of the late 1850s - early 1860s, on the initiative of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein, Yulia Fedorovna Abaza and other musical and public figures, a society appeared in Russia, which was destined to play a vital role in raising the entire national musical culture.
I.E. Repin. Portrait of composer Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein. 1887.
The society was under the patronage of the imperial family (the most august chairmen were Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (1860-1873), Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich (1873-1881), Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (from 1881), etc.). At first it was called the “Russian Musical Society” (RMS) and for the first 10 years (1859-1869) it functioned under this name.
Vel. book Elena Pavlovna
The society opened in St. Petersburg in 1859; On May 1, 1859, the Emperor approved its Charter
According to the charter, the RMO set as its goal “to promote the spread of music education in Russia, promote the development of all branches of musical art and encourage capable Russian artists (writers and performers) and teachers musical items" The educational nature of the RMO’s activities is expressed in the words of one of its organizers D.V. Stasov: “Make good music accessible large masses public." For this purpose, concerts were organized, educational institutions, competitions were established to create new works.
Anniversary concert dedicated to the 145th anniversary of the founding of the Russian Musical Society
Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky
From the very beginning, the activities of the RMS encountered serious organizational and especially material difficulties, which were overcome only with the help of patrons and the assistance of “persons of the imperial family” (formally leading the society as chairman and his deputies). The RMO was headed by a committee of directors, which included A. G. Rubinstein, who actually led the work of the company, Matv. Yu. Vielgorsky, V. A. Kologrivov, D. V. Kanshin, D. V. Stasov. The first symphonic concert (meeting) of the RMS took place under the direction of A. G. Rubinstein on November 23, 1859 in the hall of the Noble Assembly (concerts of the RMS were held here in subsequent years). Chamber evenings began to be held in January 1860 in the D. Bernardaki hall. Until 1867, symphony concerts were directed by A.G. Rubinstein, after his departure from the Russian Musical Society the post of Chief. The conductor was M. A. Balakirev (1867-1869), who largely updated the concert repertoire, including modern writings, E. F. Napravnik (1870-1882); subsequently prominent Russians and foreigners were invited. conductors, including L. S. Auer, X. Bülow, X. Richter, V. I. Safonov, A. B. Hessin.
Directorate of the Russian Medical Society in 1909.
Seated, left: S. M. Somov, A. I. Vyshnegradsky, A. K. Glazunov, N. V. Artsybushev, M. M. Kurbanov. Standing, left: V. P. Loboykov, A. I. Tchaikovsky, I. V. Shimkevich, M. L. Neisheller
In 1860, the RMO opened in Moscow, headed by N. G. Rubinstein. Symphonic concerts, which began in 1860 under his leadership, were held in the Column Hall of the Noble (Noble) Assembly. After the death of N. G. Rubinstein, the conductors were M. Ermansdörfer (1882-89), V. I. Safonov (1889-1905), M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov (1905-17); Guests were also invited. An important role in the activities of Moscow. RMO was played by P. I. Tchaikovsky, who was a member of the directors for a number of years, and later by S. I. Taneyev. The RMO's concert activities in St. Petersburg and Moscow were intense; concerts were also held in the halls of the new premises of the conservatories - St. Petersburg (from 1896) and Moscow (from 1898 in Maly and from 1901 in Great halls). On average, 10-12 “regular” (subscription) symphony concerts and the same number of chamber concerts were held annually in each city; “emergency” concerts were also organized with the participation of outstanding performers.
String quartet of the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Musical Society (RMS), 1880s. From left to right: Leopold Auer, Ivan Pikkel, Hieronymus Veikman, Alexander Verzhbilovich.
The orchestra consisted of musicians mainly from imperial theaters; Among the soloists, representatives of Russian performing art predominated, including pianists A. G. and N. G. Rubinstein, cellists K. Yu. Davydov, V. Fitzenhagen, pianist and violinist brothers I. and G. Wieniawski, violinist L. S. Auer and others. The orchestras were led by many of the largest conductors and composers of Russia and other countries European countries, including A.K. Glazunov, S.V. Rachmaninov, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, A.N. Scriabin, S.I. Taneyev, P.I. Tchaikovsky, as well as G. Berlioz, A. Dvorak, G. Mahler, R. Strauss and others.
BZK. Rachmaninov | Symphony No. 2 in E minor, op. 27 (1907). Conductor Vladimir Fedoseev
The main place in the RMO concert programs was given to classical music(J. S. Bach, L. Beethoven, G. F. Handel, J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart) and the works of German romantics (F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann). For the first time in Russia, works by Western European authors of that time (G. Berlioz, R. Wagner, F. Liszt) were performed here. Russian music was represented mainly by the works of M. I. Glinka and A. S. Dargomyzhsky; premieres of symphonic and chamber works by composers also took place Mighty bunch"(1st symphony by A.P. Borodin, "Antar" by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov). Later works by J. Brahms, M. Reger, R. Strauss, C. Debussy and others were performed foreign composers; significant place devoted to Russian music. Since 1863, public concerts have been periodically organized. In 1860-66, the RMO held competitions for Russian composers.
J. Brahms Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 73
Concert symphony orchestra Moscow Conservatory,
Conductor Dmitry Polyakov
Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory
Another important aspect of the RMO's activities was the founding in 1860 in St. Petersburg and Moscow Music classes, which served as the basis for the creation of the first conservatories in Russia, which opened in St. Petersburg (1862) and Moscow (1866) and became the largest centers of musical education in Russia.
In the early years, both societies in St. Petersburg and Moscow existed independently, but as the influence of the Russian Medical Society spread throughout the country, the capital societies, as well as the newly opened ones, began to be called branches. In 1865 it was adopted new charter and the Main Directorate of the RMO was established, whose task was to coordinate the activities of provincial branches. They were created in most major cultural centers- in Kyiv (1863), Kazan (1864), Kharkov (1871), Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Pskov (1873), Omsk (1876), Tobolsk (1878), Tomsk (1879), Tambov (1882), Tbilisi (1883), Odessa (1884), Astrakhan (1891) and other cities. In 1901, the branch of the society and music classes appeared in the provincial center Eastern Siberia- Irkutsk. In the Urals, the first branch of the IRMO arose in 1908. in Perm. During the 2nd half. 19th century RMO played a leading role in musical life both St. Petersburg and Moscow, and the whole country.
A film about the history of the Saratov Conservatory. L.V. Sobinova
Music classes opened at many branches of the Russian Musical Society in some cases gradually grew into schools, and in the largest centers they were transformed into conservatories - Saratov (1912), Kyiv and Odessa (1913), Kharkov and Tbilisi (1917). In the new charter of 1878 special attention focused on the status and rights of educational institutions. The provincial branches, for the most part, experienced a chronic lack of qualified musicians and facilities for concerts and classes. The government subsidy provided to the RMO was extremely insufficient and was provided mainly to the metropolitan branches. The widest concert activities led the Kiev, Kharkov, Saratov, Tbilisi and Odessa branches, they organized 8-10 concerts per season. The work of the departments was poorly coordinated, which had a negative impact on the organization of teaching in schools and music. grades: up to the end. 19th century educational institutions did not have common curricula and programs. At the con. 19 – beginning 20th centuries in St. Petersburg congresses of music directors. classes and schools, only the first steps were taken to correct the situation. The position of assistant chairman for music, established in 1891, remained vacant for many years (in 1909 this post was taken by S. V. Rachmaninov ).
Despite many difficulties of existence, the Russian Musical Society, which reflected the educational aspirations of advanced social circles, played a progressive role in the development of Russian professional musical culture, in the dissemination and propaganda musical works, marked the beginning of systematic concert activity, contributed to the growth of music. educational institutions in Russia and identifying national musical achievements. After the October Revolution, the RMO ceased to exist.
The Russian Musical Society (from 1869 - the Imperial Russian Musical Society, IRMS, RMS) is a Russian musical and educational society that operated from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, striving to promote the spread of musical education, introducing the general public to serious music, “encouraging domestic talents."
In St. Petersburg, in the house of the counts Vielgorsky, the “Symphonic Musical Society” was formed in 1840, which closed at the beginning of 1851 due to lack of funds. It was replaced by the Concert Society, created in 1850 in the house of Prince A.F. Lvov (author of the hymn “God Save the Tsar”), which annually during Lent staged three concerts in the hall of the Court Singing Chapel. At the same time, for the poor part of the public, regular University concerts began to be organized (about ten concerts per season) under the title “Musical exercises for students of St. Petersburg University.” In addition, symphony concerts began to be organized by the Directorate of the Imperial Theaters, under the direction of K. B. Shubert and K. N. Lyadov.
The idea of creating a musical society on an all-Russian scale arose in the salon of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. As a result, during the period of social upsurge of the late 1850s - early 1860s, on the initiative of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein, Yulia Fedorovna Abaza and other musical and public figures, a society appeared in Russia, which was destined to play a vital role in raising the entire national musical culture.
I.E. Repin. Portrait of composer Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein. 1887.
The society was under the patronage of the imperial family (the most august chairmen were Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (1860-1873), Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich (1873-1881), Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (from 1881), etc.). At first it was called the “Russian Musical Society” (RMS) and for the first 10 years (1859-1869) it functioned under this name.Vel. book Elena Pavlovna
There were three categories of membership: honorary, active (paying an annual fee) and executive members. The department was headed by a Board of Directors.The society opened in St. Petersburg in 1859; On May 1, 1859, the Emperor approved its Charter.
According to the charter, the RMO set as its goal “to promote the spread of music education in Russia, promote the development of all branches of musical art and encourage capable Russian artists (writers and performers) and teachers of musical subjects.” The educational nature of the RMO’s activities is expressed in the words of one of its organizers D.V. Stasov: “To make good music accessible to large masses of the public.” For this purpose, concerts were organized, educational institutions were opened, and competitions were established for the creation of new works.Anniversary concert dedicated to the 145th anniversary of the founding of the Russian Musical Society
Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky
From the very beginning, the activities of the RMS encountered serious organizational and especially material difficulties, which were overcome only with the help of patrons and the assistance of “persons of the imperial family” (formally leading the society as chairman and his deputies). The RMO was headed by a committee of directors, which included A.G. Rubinstein, who actually led the work of the company, Matv. Yu. Vielgorsky, V. A. Kologrivov, D. V. Kanshin, D. V. Stasov. The first symphonic concert (meeting) of the RMS took place under the direction of A. G. Rubinstein on November 23, 1859 in the hall of the Noble Assembly (concerts of the RMS were held here in subsequent years). Chamber evenings began to be held in January 1860 in the D. Bernardaki hall. Until 1867, symphony concerts were led by A. G. Rubinstein; after his departure from the Russian Musical Society, the post of Chief. the conductor was M. A. Balakirev (1867-1869), who largely updated the concert repertoire, including modern works, E. F. Napravnik (1870-1882); subsequently prominent Russians and foreigners were invited. conductors, including L. S. Auer, X. Bülow, X. Richter, V. I. Safonov, A. B. Hessin.
Directorate of the Russian Medical Society in 1909.
Seated, left: S. M. Somov, A. I. Vyshnegradsky, A. K. Glazunov, N. V. Artsybushev, M. M. Kurbanov. Standing, left: V. P. Loboykov, A. I. Tchaikovsky, I. V. Shimkevich, M. L. Neisheller
In 1860, the RMO opened in Moscow, headed by N. G. Rubinstein. Symphonic concerts, which began in 1860 under his leadership, were held in the Column Hall of the Noble (Noble) Assembly. After the death of N. G. Rubinstein, the conductors were M. Ermansdörfer (1882-89), V. I. Safonov (1889-1905), M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov (1905-17); Guests were also invited. An important role in the activities of Moscow. RMO was played by P. I. Tchaikovsky, who was a member of the directors for a number of years, and later by S. I. Taneyev. The RMO's concert activities in St. Petersburg and Moscow were intense; concerts were also held in the halls of the new premises of the conservatories - St. Petersburg (from 1896) and Moscow (from 1898 in the Small Hall and from 1901 in the Great Hall). On average, 10-12 “regular” (subscription) symphony concerts and the same number of chamber concerts were held annually in each city; “emergency” concerts were also organized with the participation of outstanding performers.String quartet of the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Musical Society (RMS), 1880s. From left to right: Leopold Auer, Ivan Pikkel, Hieronymus Veikman, Alexander Verzhbilovich.
The orchestra consisted of musicians mainly from imperial theaters; Among the soloists, representatives of Russian performing art predominated, including pianists A. G. and N. G. Rubinstein, cellists K. Yu. Davydov, V. Fitzenhagen, pianist and violinist brothers I. and G. Wieniawski, violinist L. S. Auer and others. The orchestras were led by many of the largest conductors and composers of Russia and other European countries, including A.K. Glazunov, S.V. Rachmaninov, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, A.N. Scriabin, S.I. Taneyev, P.I. Tchaikovsky, as well as G. Berlioz, A. Dvorak, G. Mahler, R. Strauss and others.
BZK. Rachmaninov | Symphony No. 2 in E minor, op. 27 (1907). Conductor Vladimir Fedoseev
The main place in the RMS concert programs was given to classical music (J. S. Bach, L. Beethoven, G. F. Handel, J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart) and the works of German romantics (F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann). For the first time in Russia, works by Western European authors of that time (G. Berlioz, R. Wagner, F. Liszt) were performed here. Russian music was represented mainly by the works of M. I. Glinka and A. S. Dargomyzhsky; Premieres of symphonic and chamber works by composers of the “Mighty Handful” (1st symphony by A.P. Borodin, “Antar” by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov) also took place. Later, works by J. Brahms, M. Reger, R. Strauss, C. Debussy and other foreign composers were performed; a significant place was given to Russian music. Since 1863, public concerts have been periodically organized. In 1860-66, the RMO held competitions for Russian composers.
J. Brahms Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 73
Concert Symphony Orchestra of the Moscow Conservatory,
conductor Dmitry Polyakov
Great Hall of the Moscow ConservatoryAnother important aspect of the RMO's activities was the foundation in 1860 of Music classes in St. Petersburg and Moscow, which served as the basis for the creation of the first conservatories in Russia, which opened in St. Petersburg (1862) and Moscow (1866) and became the largest centers of music education in Russia.
In the early years, both societies in St. Petersburg and Moscow existed independently, but as the influence of the Russian Medical Society spread throughout the country, the capital societies, as well as the newly opened ones, began to be called branches. In 1865, a new charter was adopted and the Main Directorate of the Russian Medical Society was established, whose task was to coordinate the activities of provincial branches. They were created in most major cultural centers - in Kyiv (1863), Kazan (1864), Kharkov (1871), Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Pskov (1873), Omsk (1876), Tobolsk (1878), Tomsk (1879), Tambov (1882), Tbilisi (1883), Odessa (1884), Astrakhan (1891) and other cities. In 1901, a branch of the society and music classes appeared in the provincial center of Eastern Siberia - Irkutsk. In the Urals, the first branch of the IRMO arose in 1908. in Perm. During the 2nd half. 19th century The RMO played a leading role in the musical life of both St. Petersburg and Moscow, and the whole country.
A film about the history of the Saratov Conservatory. L.V. Sobinova
Music classes opened at many branches of the Russian Musical Society in some cases gradually grew into schools, and in the largest centers they were transformed into conservatories - Saratov (1912), Kyiv and Odessa (1913), Kharkov and Tbilisi (1917). The new charter of 1878 paid special attention to the position and rights of educational institutions. The provincial branches, for the most part, experienced a chronic lack of qualified musicians and facilities for concerts and classes. The government subsidy provided to the RMO was extremely insufficient and was provided mainly to the metropolitan branches. The most extensive concert activity was carried out by the Kiev, Kharkov, Saratov, Tbilisi and Odessa branches; they organized 8-10 concerts per season. The work of the departments was poorly coordinated, which had a negative impact on the organization of teaching in schools and music. grades: up to the end. 19th century educational institutions did not have common curricula and programs. At the con. 19 – beginning 20th centuries in St. Petersburg congresses of music directors. classes and schools, only the first steps were taken to correct the situation. The position of assistant chairman for music, established in 1891, remained vacant for many years (in 1909 this post was taken by S. V. Rachmaninov ).
Despite many difficulties of existence, the RMO, which reflected the educational aspirations of advanced social circles, played a progressive role in the development of Russian professional musical culture, in the dissemination and promotion of musical works, laid the foundation for systematic concert activities, contributed to the growth of music educational institutions in Russia and the identification of national musical achievements . After the October Revolution, the RMO ceased to exist.
Russian Musical Society (since 1869 - Imperial Russian Musical Society, IRMS, RMS).
Created in 1859 in St. Petersburg on the initiative of A. G. Rubinstein and a group of muses. and societies. figures on the basis of the previously existing Symphony Society. According to the charter (approved in May 1859), the RMO set as its goal “to promote the spread of music education in Russia, promote the development of all branches of musical art and encourage capable Russian artists (writers and performers) and teachers of musical subjects.” The educational nature of the RMO’s activities is expressed in the words of one of its organizers D.V. Stasov: “To make good music accessible to large masses of the public.” For this purpose, concerts were organized, schools were opened. establishments, competitions were established for the creation of new products. From the very beginning, the activities of the RMO encountered serious organizational and especially material difficulties, which were overcome only with the help of patrons and the assistance of “persons of the imperial family” (who formally headed the society as chairman and his deputies). This made the RMO dependent on the conservative tastes of the higher priests. spheres, which was partly reflected in the concert programs. The RMO was headed by a committee of directors, which included A.G. Rubinstein, who actually led the work of the society, Matv. Yu. Vielgorsky, V. A. Kologrivov, D. V. Kanshin, D. V. Stasov. First symphony the concert (meeting) of the RMS took place under the direction of. A. G. Rubinshteina November 23 1859 in the Hall of the Noble Assembly (RMO concerts were held here in subsequent years). Chamber evenings began to be held in January. 1860 in the D. Bernardachi hall. Until 1867 symphony. the concerts were directed by A. G. Rubinstein, after his departure from the Russian Musical Society the post of chief. The conductor was M.A. Balakirev (1867-1869), who largely updated the concert repertoire, including many others. modern cit., E. F. Napravnik (1870-1882); subsequently prominent Russians were invited. and foreign conductors, including L. S. Auer, X. Bülow, X. Richter, V. I. Safonov, A. B. Hessin.
In 1860, the RMO opened in Moscow, headed by N. G. Rubinstein. Symph. concerts that began in 1860 under his leadership were held in the Hall of Columns of the Noble (Noble) Assembly. After the death of N. G. Rubinstein, the conductors were M. Ermansdörfer (1882-89), V. I. Safonov (1889-1905), M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov (1905-17); Guests were also invited. An important role in the activities of Moscow. RMO was played by P.I. Tchaikovsky, who was a member of the directors for a number of years, and later by S.I. Taneyev. The concentration was intense. activities of the RMO in St. Petersburg and Moscow; concerts were also held in the halls of the new premises of the conservatories - the St. Petersburg (from 1896) and Moscow (from 1898 in the Small and from 1901 in the Great halls). On average, 10-12 “regular” (subscription) symphonies were held annually. concerts and the same number of chamber ones in every city; “emergency” concerts were also organized with the participation of outstanding performers. The orchestra included musicians from Ch. arr. imp. t-ditch; Among the soloists, Russian representatives predominated. will perform arts, including pianists A. G. and N. G. Rubinstein, cellists K. Yu. Davydov, V. Fitzenhagen, pianist and violinist brothers I. and G. Wieniawski, violinist L. S. Auer and others. Orchestras have been led by many. the largest conductors and composers of Russia and other Europeans. countries, including A.K. Glazunov, S.V. Rachmaninov, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, A.N. Scriabin, S.I. Taneyev, P.I. Tchaikovsky, as well as G. Berlioz , A. Dvorak, G. Mahler, R. Strauss and others.
Basic place in the RMO concert programs was given to classical music. music (J. S. Bach, L. Beethoven, G. F. Handel, J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart) and op. German romantics (F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann). For the first time in Russia, productions were performed here. Western-European authors of that time (G. Berlioz, R. Wagner, F. Liszt). Rus. music was presented mainly. op. M. I. Glinka and A. S. Dargomyzhsky; The premieres of the symphony also took place. and chamber op. composers of the “Mighty Handful” (1st symphony by A. P. Borodin, “Antar” by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov). Later works by J. Brahms, M. Reger, R. Strauss, C. Debussy and others were performed. composers; Means. place was given to Russian. music. Since 1863, public concerts have been periodically organized. In 1860-66, the RMO held Russian competitions. composers (see Competitions).
Another important aspect of the RMO's activities was the founding of the Muses in 1860 in St. Petersburg and Moscow. classes that served as the basis for the creation of the first conservatories in Russia, which opened in St. Petersburg (1862) and Moscow (1866) and became the largest centers of music. education in Russia.
In the early years, both societies in St. Petersburg and Moscow existed independently, but as the influence of the RMO spread throughout the country, the capital's societies, as well as the newly opened ones, began to be called branches. In 1865, a new charter was adopted and the Main Directorate of the Russian Medical Society was established, whose task was to coordinate the activities of provincial branches. They were created in most major cultural centers - in Kyiv (1863), Kazan (1864), Kharkov (1871), Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Pskov (1873), Omsk (1876), Tobolsk (1878), Tomsk (1879), Tambov (1882), Tbilisi (1883), Odessa (1884), Astrakhan (1891) and other cities. During the 2nd half. 19th century RMO played a leading role in music. life of both St. Petersburg and Moscow, and the whole country.
Open with many departments of the RMO of Music. classes in a number of cases gradually grew into schools, and in the largest centers they were transformed into conservatories - Saratov (1912), Kyiv and Odessa (1913), Kharkov and Tbilisi (1917). In the new charter of 1878, special attention was paid to the position and rights of academics. establishments. Provincial departments for the most part experienced chronic illness. lack of qualified musicians and facilities for concerts and classes. The government subsidy provided to the RMO was extremely insufficient and was provided mainly to the metropolitan branches. The most extensive concert activity was carried out by the Kiev, Kharkov, Saratov, Tbilisi and Odessa branches; they organized 8-10 concerts per season. The work of the departments was poorly coordinated, which had a negative impact on the organization of teaching in schools and music. grades: up to the end. 19th century uch. institutions did not have common schools. plans and programs. At the con. 19 - beginning 20th centuries in St. Petersburg congresses of music directors. classes and schools, only the first steps were taken to correct the situation. Established in 1891, the position of assistant to the chairman for music. plural parts remained vacant for years (in 1909 this post was taken by S.V. Rachmaninov).
Despite many difficulties of existence, conservatism and reactionism of the Main Directorate, RMO, which reflected the educational aspirations of advanced societies. circles, played a progressive role in the development of Russian. prof. music culture, in the dissemination and promotion of music. production, marked the beginning of a systematic conc. activities, contributed to the growth of music education. institutions in Russia and identifying national music achievements. However, since the late 80s. The RMO could not meet the demands of the growing democracy. audience; concerts and studies establishments remained accessible only to a relatively narrow circle of intellectuals and representatives of the bourgeoisie. In con. 19th century All kinds of music began to be created and developed their activities. organizations are more democratic. type and RMO is gradually losing its monopoly position in music. life of the country. In 1915-17, attempts were made to reorganize and democratize the company, but they remained unsuccessful. After the October Revolution, the RMO ceased to exist.