What would our life be like without music? For many years, people have asked themselves this question and come to the conclusion that without the beautiful sounds of music, the world would be a very different place. Music helps us feel joy more fully, find our inner self and cope with difficulties. Composers, working on their works, were inspired by the most different things: love, nature, war, happiness, sadness and many others. Some of the musical compositions they created will forever remain in the hearts and memories of people. Here is a list of ten of the greatest and most talented composers of all time. Under each composer you will find a link to one of his most famous works.
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Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer who lived only 32 years, but his music will live on for a very long time. Schubert wrote nine symphonies, about 600 vocal compositions, and a large number of chamber and solo piano music.
"Evening Serenade"
German composer and pianist, author of two serenades, four symphonies, as well as concerts for violin, piano and cello. He performed at concerts from the age of ten, and gave his first solo concert at the age of 14. During his lifetime, he gained popularity primarily due to the waltzes and Hungarian dances he wrote.
"Hungarian Dance No. 5".
George Frideric Handel was a German and English composer of the Baroque era; he wrote about 40 operas, many organ concerts, and chamber music. Handel's music has been played at the coronations of English kings since 973, it is also heard at royal wedding ceremonies and is even used as the anthem of the UEFA Champions League (with a small arrangement).
"Music on the water"
Joseph Haydn is a famous and prolific Austrian composer of the classical era, he is called the father of the symphony, as he made significant contributions to the development of this musical genre. Joseph Haydn is the author of 104 symphonies, 50 piano sonatas, 24 operas and 36 concertos
"Symphony No. 45".
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is the most famous Russian composer, author of more than 80 works, including 10 operas, 3 ballets and 7 symphonies. He was very popular and known as a composer during his lifetime, and performed in Russia and abroad as a conductor.
"Waltz of the Flowers" from the ballet "The Nutcracker".
Frédéric François Chopin is a Polish composer who is also considered one of the best pianists of all times. He wrote a lot musical works for piano, including 3 sonatas and 17 waltzes.
"Rain waltz".
Venetian composer and virtuoso violinist Antonio Lucio Vivaldi is the author of more than 500 concertos and 90 operas. He had a huge influence on the development of Italian and world violin art.
"Elf Song"
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer who amazed the world with his talent from early childhood. Already at the age of five, Mozart was composing short plays. In total, he wrote 626 works, including 50 symphonies and 55 concertos. 9.Beethoven 10.Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach - German composer and organist of the Baroque era, known as a master of polyphony. He is the author of more than 1000 works, which include almost everything significant genres that time.
"Musical joke"
Great composers, whose names are widely known throughout the world, created great amount valuable works. Their creations are truly unique. Each of them has an individual and unique style.
Great composers of the world (foreign). List
Below are foreign composers different centuries, whose names are known throughout the world. This:
- A. Vivaldi.
- J. S. Bach.
- W. A. Mozart.
- I. Brahms.
- J. Haydn.
- R. Schumann.
- F. Schubert.
- L. Beethoven.
- I. Strauss.
- R. Wagner.
- G. Verdi.
- A. Berg.
- A. Schoenberg.
- J. Gershwin.
- O. Messiaen.
- C. Ives.
- B. Britten.
Great composers of the world (Russian). List
He created a large number of operettas, worked with light musical dance forms in which he was very successful. Thanks to Strauss, the waltz became extremely popular dance in Vienna. By the way, balls are still held there. The composer's heritage includes polkas, ballets and quadrilles.
And G. Verdi are great who created a huge number of operas that won the sincere love of the audience.
The German Richard Wagner was the most prominent representative of modernism in the music of this century. His opera heritage is rich. Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, The Flying Dutchman and other operas are still relevant, popular and performed on stage.
The Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi is quite a majestic figure. He gave Italian opera a new breath, while remaining true to operatic traditions.
Russian composers of the 19th century
M. I. Glinka, A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, P. I. Tchaikovsky are the great composers of classical music of the 19th century who lived and created their works in Russia.
The works of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka have determined national and world significance in the history of Russian music. His work, which grew up on Russian folk songs, is deeply national. He is rightfully considered an innovator, the founder of Russian musical classics. Glinka worked fruitfully in all of his operas “Ivan Susanin” (“Life for the Tsar”) and “Ruslan and Lyudmila” opened the way for two leading directions. His symphonic works were also of great importance in the development of musical art: “Kamarinskaya”, “Waltz-Fantasy” and many others.
Alexander Porfirievich Borodin is a great Russian composer. His work is small in volume, but significant in content. The central place is occupied by heroic historical images. He closely intertwines deep lyricism with epic breadth. The opera “Prince Igor” combines the features of folk musical drama and epic opera. His first and second symphonies mark a new direction in Russian symphony - heroic-epic. In the field of chamber vocal lyrics, he became a true innovator. His romances: “The Sea”, “For the Shores of the Distant Fatherland”, “Song of the Dark Forest” and many others. Borodin had a significant influence on his followers.
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky is another great Russian composer of the 19th century. He was a member of the Balakirev circle, which was called the “Mighty Handful”. He worked fruitfully in a variety of genres. His operas are wonderful: “Khovanshchina”, “Boris Godunov”, “Sorochinskaya Fair”. His works showed features creative individuality. He owns a number of romances: “Kalistrat”, “Seminarist”, “Lullaby to Eremushka”, “Orphan”, “Svetik Savishna”. They capture unique national characters.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - composer, conductor, teacher.
Opera and symphonic genres. The content of his music is universal. His operas Queen of Spades", "Eugene Onegin" - masterpieces of Russian classical music. The symphony also occupies a central place in his work. His works became known throughout the world during his lifetime.
Representatives of the new Viennese school
A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Schoenberg are great composers who lived and created their works throughout the 20th century.
Alban Berg became world famous thanks to his amazing opera Wozzeck, which made a strong impression on listeners. He wrote it over several years. Its premiere took place on December 14, 1925. At the moment, Wozzeck is a classic example of 20th century opera.
Anton Webern - Austrian composer, one of the brightest representatives of the new Viennese school. In his works he used serial and dodecaphonic techniques. He is characterized by conciseness and laconicism of thought, concentration of musical and expressive means. His work had a strong influence on Stravinsky, Boulez, Gubaidulina and many other Russian and foreign composers.
Arnold Schoenberg is a prominent representative of this musical style like expressionism. Author of serial and dodecaphonic techniques. His compositions: Second String Quartet (F-sharp minor), "Drama with music for choir and orchestra", the opera "Moses and Aaron" and many others.
J. Gershwin, O. Messiaen, C. Ives
These are the great composers of the 20th century who are famous all over the world.
George Gershwin is an American composer and pianist. He became extremely popular thanks to his large-scale work Porgy and Bess. This is a “folklore” opera. It is based on the novel by DuBose Hayward. His instrumental works are no less famous: “Rhapsody in Blue for Piano and Orchestra”, “An American in Paris”, “Second Rhapsody” and many others.
Olivier Messiaen is a French composer, organist, teacher, and music theorist. In his remarkable theoretical works, he outlined new and quite complex principles of musical composition. Theological ideas were reflected in his works. He was very fascinated by the voices of birds. So he created “Bird Catalog” for piano.
Charles Ives is an American composer. His work was influenced by folk music. Therefore, his style is extremely unique. He created five symphonies, five violin sonatas, two piano sonatas, the cantata “Heavenly Country” and many other works.
Russian composers of the 20th century
S. S. Prokofiev, I. F. Stravinsky, D. D. Shostakovich are the great composers of the 20th century.
Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev - composer, conductor, pianist.
His music is varied in content. It contains lyrics and epic, humor and drama, psychologism and characterization. Opera and ballet creativity laid down new principles and techniques of musical dramaturgy. His operas are “The Gambler”, “The Love for Three Oranges”, “War and Peace”. Prokofiev worked in the genre of film music. His cantata “Alexander Nevsky”, created in collaboration with director S. Eisenstein, is widely known.
Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky - emigrant composer, conductor.
His work is divided into Russian and foreign periods. His brightest ballets: “Petrushka”, “The Rite of Spring”, “Firebird”. Stravinsky also made a great contribution to the symphonic genre.
Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich - composer, teacher, pianist. His work is multifaceted in genres and figurative content. Particularly important is his importance as a composer-symphonist. His fifteen symphonies reflect the complex world of human feelings with experiences, struggles, tragic conflicts. His opera “Katerina Izmailova” is an excellent composition of this genre.
Conclusion
The music of great composers is written in different genres, contains multifaceted plots, constantly updated techniques corresponding to a particular era. Some composers have achieved excellence in a few genres, while others have successfully covered almost all fields. Of the entire galaxy of great composers, it is difficult to single out the best. All of them made a significant contribution to the history of world musical culture.
The Russian school of composition, the continuation of whose traditions were the Soviet and today's Russian schools, began in the 19th century with composers who combined European musical art with Russian folk melodies, linking together the European form and the Russian spirit.
About each of these famous people we can tell a lot, everyone has difficult and sometimes tragic fates, but in this review we tried to give only brief description life and work of composers.
1. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka
(1804-1857)
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka during the composition of the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. 1887, artist Ilya Efimovich Repin
“To create beauty, you yourself must be pure in soul.”
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is the founder of Russian classical music and the first Russian classical composer to achieve world fame. His works, based on the centuries-old traditions of Russian folk music, were a new word in the musical art of our country.
Born in the Smolensk province, he received his education in St. Petersburg. The formation of the worldview and the main idea of Mikhail Glinka’s work was facilitated by direct communication with such personalities as A.S. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Griboyedov, A.A. Delvig. The creative impetus for his work was added by a many-year trip to Europe in the early 1830s and meetings with the leading composers of the time - V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, F. Mendelssohn and later with G. Berlioz, J. Meyerbeer.
Success came to M.I. Glinka in 1836, after the production of the opera “Ivan Susanin” (“Life for the Tsar”), which was enthusiastically received by everyone; for the first time in world music, Russian choral art and European symphonic and opera practice were organically combined, and a hero like Susanin also appeared, whose image summarizes best features national character.
V.F. Odoevsky described the opera as “a new element in Art, and a new period begins in its history - the period of Russian music.”
The second opera is the epic “Ruslan and Lyudmila” (1842), work on which was carried out against the backdrop of Pushkin’s death and in the difficult living conditions of the composer, due to the deeply innovative nature of the work, was received ambiguously by the audience and the authorities, and brought difficult times for M.I. Glinka experiences. After that, he traveled a lot, alternately living in Russia and abroad, without stopping composing. His legacy includes romances, symphonic and chamber works. In the 1990s, Mikhail Glinka's "Patriotic Song" was the official anthem of the Russian Federation.
Quote about M.I. Glinka:“The entire Russian symphonic school, like the entire oak tree in an acorn, is contained in symphonic fantasy"Kamarinskaya". P.I.Tchaikovsky
Interesting fact: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was no different good health, despite this, he was very easy-going and knew geography very well; perhaps, if he had not become a composer, he would have become a traveler. He knew six foreign languages, including Persian.
2. Alexander Porfirievich Borodin
(1833-1887)
Alexander Porfirievich Borodin, one of the leading Russian composers of the second half of the 19th century, in addition to his talent as a composer, was a chemist, doctor, teacher, critic and had literary talent.
Born in St. Petersburg, from childhood everyone around him noted his unusual activity, passion and abilities in various directions, primarily in music and chemistry.
A.P. Borodin is a Russian composer-nugget, he did not have professional musician teachers, all his achievements in music are thanks to independent work on mastering compositing techniques.
The formation of A.P. Borodin was influenced by the work of M.I. Glinka (as indeed all Russian composers of the 19th century), and the impetus for intensive study of composition in the early 1860s was given by two events - firstly, his acquaintance and marriage with the talented pianist E.S. Protopopova, and secondly, a meeting with M.A. Balakirev and joining the creative community of Russian composers, known as the “Mighty Handful”.
In the late 1870s and 1880s, A.P. Borodin traveled and toured a lot in Europe and America, met with leading composers of his time, his fame grew, he became one of the most famous and popular Russian composers in Europe at the end of the 19th century. th century.
The central place in the work of A.P. Borodin is occupied by the opera “Prince Igor” (1869-1890), which is an example of national heroic epic in music and which he himself did not have time to complete (it was completed by his friends A.A. Glazunov and N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov). In “Prince Igor”, against the backdrop of majestic paintings historical events, reflected the main idea throughout the composer's work - courage, calm greatness, spiritual nobility of the best Russian people and the mighty strength of the entire Russian people, manifested in the defense of their homeland.
Despite the fact that A.P. Borodin left a relatively small number of works, his work is very diverse and he is considered one of the fathers of Russian symphonic music, who influenced many generations of Russian and foreign composers.
Quote about A.P. Borodin:“Borodin’s talent is equally powerful and amazing in symphony, opera and romance. Its main qualities are gigantic strength and breadth, colossal scope, swiftness and impetuosity, combined with amazing passion, tenderness and beauty.” V.V. Stasov
Interesting fact: Named after Borodin chemical reaction silver salts of carboxylic acids with halogens, resulting in halogenated hydrocarbons, which he first investigated in 1861.
3. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky
(1839-1881)
“The sounds of human speech, as outward manifestations of thought and feeling, must, without exaggeration and violence, become music that is truthful, accurate, but artistic, highly artistic.”
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky is one of the most brilliant Russian composers of the 19th century, a member of the Mighty bunch" Mussorgsky's innovative work was far ahead of its time.
Born in the Pskov province. Like many talented people, from childhood he showed abilities in music, studied in St. Petersburg, was, family tradition, military. The decisive event that determined that Mussorgsky was not born for military service, and for music, it was his meeting with M.A. Balakirev and joining the “Mighty Handful”.
Mussorgsky is great because in his grandiose works - the operas "Boris Godunov" and "Khovanshchina" - he captured dramatic milestones in music Russian history with radical novelty, which Russian music had not known before him, showing in them a combination of mass folk scenes and a diverse wealth of types, the unique character of the Russian people. These operas, in numerous editions, both by the author and by other composers, are among the most popular Russian operas in the world.
Another outstanding work of Mussorgsky is the cycle of piano pieces "Pictures at an Exhibition", colorful and inventive miniatures permeated with a Russian theme-refrain and Orthodox faith.
Mussorgsky's life had everything - both greatness and tragedy, but he was always distinguished by genuine spiritual purity and selflessness.
His last years were difficult - unsettled life, lack of recognition of creativity, loneliness, addiction to alcohol, all this determined his early death at the age of 42, he left relatively few works, some of which were completed by other composers.
Mussorgsky's specific melody and innovative harmony anticipated some features of the musical development of the 20th century and played an important role in the formation of the styles of many world composers.
Quote about M.P. Mussorgsky:“The original Russian sounds in everything that Mussorgsky created” N.K. Roerich
Interesting fact: At the end of his life, Mussorgsky, under pressure from his “friends” Stasov and Rimsky-Korsakov, renounced the copyright to his works and donated them to Tertius Filippov.
4. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
(1840-1893)
“I am an artist who can and should bring honor to my Motherland. I feel great in myself artistic power, I haven't done even a tenth of what I can do yet. And I want to do this with all the strength of my soul.”
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, perhaps the greatest Russian composer of the 19th century, raised Russian musical art to unprecedented heights. He is one of the most important composers of world classical music.
A native of the Vyatka province, although his paternal roots are in Ukraine, Tchaikovsky showed musical abilities from childhood, but his first education and work was in the field of jurisprudence.
Tchaikovsky was one of the first Russian “professional” composers; he studied music theory and composition at the new St. Petersburg Conservatory.
Tchaikovsky was considered a “Western” composer, as opposed to the popular figures of the “Mighty Handful”, with whom he had good creative and friendly relations, but his work is no less permeated with the Russian spirit, he managed to uniquely combine the Western symphonic heritage of Mozart, Beethoven and Schumann with the Russians traditions inherited from Mikhail Glinka.
The composer led active life- was a teacher, conductor, critic, public figure, worked in two capitals, toured Europe and America.
Tchaikovsky was a rather emotionally unstable person; enthusiasm, despondency, apathy, hot temper, violent anger - all these moods changed in him quite often; being a very sociable person, he always strived for loneliness.
To highlight something best from Tchaikovsky’s work - difficult task, he has several works of equal magnitude in almost all musical genres - opera, ballet, symphony, chamber music. And the content of Tchaikovsky’s music is universal: with inimitable melodicism it embraces images of life and death, love, nature, childhood, it reveals works of Russian and world literature in a new way, and reflects the deep processes of spiritual life.
Composer quote:“Life has beauty only when it consists of alternation of joys and sorrows, of the struggle between good and evil, of light and shadow, in a word - of diversity in unity.”
“Great talent requires great hard work.”
Quote about the composer: “I am ready to stand as a guard of honor day and night at the porch of the house where Pyotr Ilyich lives - that is how much I respect him.” A.P. Chekhov
Interesting fact: The University of Cambridge awarded Tchaikovsky the title of Doctor of Music in absentia and without defending a dissertation, as did the Paris Academy Fine Arts elected him a corresponding member.
5. Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov
(1844-1908)
N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A.K. Glazunov with their students M.M. Chernov and V.A. Senilov. Photo 1906 Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov is a talented Russian composer, one of the most important figures in the creation of an invaluable Russian musical heritage. His unique world and worship of the eternal all-encompassing beauty of the universe, admiration for the miracle of existence, unity with nature have no analogues in the history of music.
Born in the Novgorod province, according to family tradition he became a naval officer, and traveled around many countries in Europe and the two Americas on a warship. He received his musical education first from his mother, then taking private lessons from pianist F. Canille. And again, thanks to M.A. Balakirev, the organizer of the “Mighty Handful,” who introduced Rimsky-Korsakov into the musical community and influenced his work, the world did not lose a talented composer.
The central place in Rimsky-Korsakov's legacy is made up of operas - 15 works demonstrating the diversity of genre, stylistic, dramatic, compositional solutions of the composer, nevertheless having a special style - with all the richness of the orchestral component, the main ones are melodic vocal lines.
Two main directions distinguish the composer’s work: the first is Russian history, the second is the world of fairy tales and epics, for which he received the nickname “storyteller.”
In addition to direct independent creative activity N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov is known as a publicist, compiler of collections folk songs, in which he showed great interest, and also as a completer of the works of his friends - Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky and Borodin. Rimsky-Korsakov was the creator composer school, as a teacher and director of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, he trained about two hundred composers, conductors, and musicologists, among them Prokofiev and Stravinsky.
Quote about the composer:“Rimsky-Korsakov was a very Russian man and a very Russian composer. I believe that this primordially Russian essence of it, its deep folklore-Russian basis should be especially appreciated today.” Mstislav Rostropovich
Fact about the composer: Nikolai Andreevich began his first counterpoint lesson like this:
- Now I will talk a lot, and you will listen very carefully. Then I will talk less, and you will listen and think, and finally, I will not speak at all, and you will think with your own head and work independently, because my task as a teacher is to become unnecessary to you...
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven- The greatest composer of the early 19th century. Requiem and Moonlight Sonata immediately recognizable to anyone. Immortal works The composer has always been and will be popular because of Beethoven's unique style.
- German composer of the 18th century. Without a doubt the founder modern music. His works were based on the versatility of the harmonies of various instruments. He created the rhythm of music, which is why his works lend themselves easily to modern instrumental processing.
- The most popular and understandable Austrian composer of the late 18th century. All his works are simple and ingenious. They are very melodic and pleasant. A little serenade, a thunderstorm and many other rock-arranged compositions will have a special place in your collection.
- Austrian composer of the late 18th, early 19th centuries. Truly classical composer. The violin had a special place for Haydn. She is a soloist in almost all of the composer's works. Very beautiful and mesmerizing music.
- Italian composer of the first half of the 18th century No. 1. The national temperament and a new approach to arrangement literally blew up Europe in the mid-18th century. The "Seasons" symphonies are business card composer.
- Polish composer of the 19th century. According to some information, he is the founder of the combined genre of concert and folk music. His polonaises and mazurkas blend seamlessly with orchestral music. The only drawback in the composer's work was considered to be too soft a style (lack of strong and fiery motives).
- German composer of the late 19th century. He was spoken of as the great romantic of his time, and his “German Requiem” eclipsed other works of his contemporaries in its popularity. The style in Brahms's music is qualitatively different from the styles of other classics.
- Austrian composer of the early 19th century. One of the greatest composers unrecognized during his lifetime. Very early death at 31, she did not allow Schubert to fully develop his potential. The songs he wrote were the main source of income when the greatest symphonies were collecting dust on the shelves. It was only after the composer's death that the works were highly appreciated by critics.
- Austrian composer of the late 19th century. The founder of waltzes and marches. We say Strauss - we mean waltz, we say waltz - we mean Strauss. Johann Jr. grew up in the family of his father, a composer. Strauss the elder treated his son's works with disdain. He believed that his son was doing nonsense and therefore humiliated him in every possible way in the world. But Johann the Younger stubbornly continued to do what he loved, and the revolution and the march written by Strauss in its honor proved his son’s genius in the eyes of European high society.
- One of the greatest composers of the 19th century. Master opera art. Verdi's Aida and Othello are extremely popular today thanks to the true talent of the Italian composer. The tragic loss of his family at the age of 27 crippled the composer, but he did not give up and delved into creativity, writing several operas at once. short term. High society highly appreciated Verdi's talent and his operas were staged in the most prestigious theaters in Europe.
- Even at the age of 18, this talented Italian composer wrote several operas that became very popular. The crowning achievement of his creation was the revised play " Barber of Seville"After presenting it to the public, Gioachino was literally carried in his arms. The success was intoxicating. After that, Rossini became a welcome guest in high society and gained a solid reputation.
- German composer of the early 18th century. One of the founders of opera and instrumental music. In addition to writing operas, Handel also wrote music for “the people,” which was very popular in those days. Hundreds of songs and dance tunes the composer's songs thundered in the streets and squares in those distant times.
- The Polish prince and composer is self-taught. Without any musical education, I became famous composer. His famous polonaise is known all over the world. During the composer’s time, a revolution was taking place in Poland, and the marches he wrote became the anthems of the rebels.
- Jewish composer born in Germany. His wedding march and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" have been popular for hundreds of years. The symphonies and compositions he wrote are successfully received all over the world.
- German composer of the 19th century. His mystically anti-Semitic idea of the superiority of the Aryan race over other races was adopted by the fascists. Wagner's music is very different from the music of his predecessors. It is aimed primarily at connecting man and nature with an admixture of mysticism. His famous operas"The Rings of the Nibelungs" and "Tristan and Isolde" confirm the revolutionary spirit of the composer.
- French composer mid-19th century. Creator of "Carmen". From birth he was a child of genius and at the age of 10 he already entered the conservatory. During his short life (he died before he was 37), he wrote dozens of operas and operettas, various orchestral works and ode-symphonies.
- Norwegian composer and lyricist. His works are simply full of melody. During his life he wrote a large number of songs, romances, suites and etudes. His composition “Cave of the Mountain King” is very often used in cinema and modern pop music.
- American composer of the early 20th century - author of “Rhapsody in Blue,” which is especially popular to this day. At 26, he was already Broadway's first composer. Gershwin's popularity quickly spread throughout America, thanks to numerous songs and popular shows.
- Russian composer. His opera "Boris Godunov" is the hallmark of many theaters around the world. The composer in his works relied on folklore, counting folk music- music of the soul. "Night on Bald Mountain" by Modest Petrovich is one of the ten most popular symphonic sketches in the world.
The most popular and greatest composer Russia of course is. " Swan Lake" and "Sleeping Beauty", "Slavic March" and "The Nutcracker", "Eugene Onegin" and "The Queen of Spades". These and many other masterpieces of musical art were created by our Russian composer. Tchaikovsky is the pride of Russia. "Balalaika" is known all over the world ", "Matryoshka", "Tchaikovsky"...
- Soviet composer. Stalin's favorite. Mikhail Zadornov strongly recommended listening to the opera “The Tale of a Real Man.” But mostly Sergei Sergeich’s work is serious and deep. "War and Peace", "Cinderella", "Romeo and Juliet", a lot of brilliant symphonies and works for orchestra.
- Russian composer who created his own inimitable style in music. He was a deeply religious man and a special place in his work was given to writing religious music. Rachmaninov also wrote a lot of concert music and several symphonies. His last work, “Symphonic Dances,” is recognized as the composer’s greatest work.
Franz Schubert wrote music during the transition from the Viennese period classic style to the romantic period. His works are very expressive, emotional, written using the idiom of the Viennese classical style. Schubert had only just turned 30 when he died, but he left a vast musical legacy for future generations. Today, classical music without the works of Schubert is not possible. It is still unknown why Schubert died - at the beginning of the 20th century, German doctors were sure that he died of typhoid fever, a disease of the poor. Today some doctors believe that he died of syphilis on late stage. It can be argued that Schubert himself knew about his incurable disease already in 1823. In addition, he also suffered from fever in recent days, but today the opinion about syphilis is more strengthened.
Personally, we think that we need to take into account the fact that Schubert lived in unsanitary conditions, and that during his last days he ate and drank very little - which is typical of gastrointestinal diseases.
Frederic Chopin The interest attracted to how and what compositions Chopin wrote is aroused naturally - his creations are not only good from an aesthetic point of view, but also from a technical point of view. A glance at the notes that Chopin wrote will immediately explain all his originality - the manuscripts of his works are teeming with crossings out, insertions, etc. It is rare to find several versions of one work that are identical. The sheet music published “simultaneously” in different countries varies – even after the work was published, Chopin found a way to correct it. In general, Chopin believed that composer's work should be creative, not limited by the limits of publication or other reasons. This is probably what led to Chopin's music being included in a large list called “classical music”.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart one of the most interesting composers, a child prodigy, a unique child who showed incredible talents in music. Mozart already played the harpsichord quite well at the age of 3-4 and came up with his own compositions. Many attributed magical abilities to him - and, according to known history, his rival Salieri, could not bear the envy and poisoned Wolfgang. Mozart had perfect hearing, a great sense of music and easily created the most complex scores. Mozart wrote most of his works for the entertainment of courtiers, so they are light and airy, although from the point of view of a pianist they are quite serious. Perhaps Mozart is classical music.
George Frideric Handel(born 23 February 1685 in Hale, died 14 April 1759 in London) was a Baroque composer. He became famous primarily for his numerous operas. His work includes approximately 40 operas and 25 oratorios. Handel left compositions in all musical genres that existed at that time. Handel's father George (1622-1697) was a Lutheran barber and surgeon and served as court surgeon to Duke Weissenfels of Saxony.
George Handel took his son with him before he was 8 years old to Weissenfels. Thus, the baby met the court musicians and played the organ in the presence of the Duke. He immediately recognized the boy's talent and had a serious talk with his father, who listened to his arguments, although he himself was not interested in music.
After his return, Handel became a student of Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, organist of the Church of the Madonna. With him he studied composition, learned to play, in addition to keyboard instruments, also the oboe and violin. Every week it was also necessary to compose mottets. Handel is then sent to the court in Berlin at the age of twelve, where he makes a great impression with his musical abilities. The Elector of Brandenburg (later the Prussian King Frederick I) proposes to send the boy to Italy for training and then assign him to the court in Berlin.
In October 1712, Handel returned to London, where he spent the rest of his life. At first he lived for one year with a wealthy music lover, Barn Elms, in Surrey. For the next 3 years he lived with Earl Burlington near London.
Franz Liszt born October 22, 1811 in Raiding, then the Kingdom of Hungary, today Austria (Burgenland). He was one of the most famous and most successful virtuoso pianists of the 19th century, as well as a brilliant composer. Everyone who studied at a music school was sure to come across his name and works. He was born in the first half XIX century, in October. Since childhood, the composer began writing music and giving concerts. F. Liszt wrote sketches and communicated with such composers as Chopin, Salieri and Paganini. He turned piano works into pop works, changing the perception of the piano from a chamber, salon instrument into an instrument designed for a wide audience. Franz Liszt made adaptations of other musical works, giving them a new sound. He created variations and fantasies on well-known motifs. Franz Liszt also visited Russia and communicated with domestic composers and musicians, in particular with Glinka.
He was studying symphonic creativity and often wrote plays based on historical or fictional events. In his works one can also find images famous writers, in particular, Faust and Mephistopheles.
Franz Liszt played a big role in the development of the musical genre in his homeland - Hungary.
F. Liszt died in 1886, at the age of 75. The place of his death was the city of Bayreuth.
Johann Sebastian Bach(born March 21, 1685 in Eisenach, died July 28, 1750 in Leipzig) - German composer of the Baroque era. Today he is considered one of the greatest musical creators of all time, who significantly influenced later music and whose works are performed all over the world, both in the original and in countless adaptations.
Immediately after your admission to church service Bach began composing or rearranging cantatas for appropriate performances. During this systematic work, an average of about one piece a week appeared during the first years, then the pace slowed down. In early 1725, Bach met with the poet Christian Friedrich Henritz Aliens Picander, who finally provided the text for the Matthew Passion, which was performed for the first time in 1727 or 1729. In 1729, Bach took over the management of the musical college founded by Telemann in 1701, which he headed until 1741, probably even until 1746. Along with teaching, he represented German and Italian instrumental and vocal music, in addition, he wrote for this some of his secular cantatas, such as Hercules at the Crossroads, which he called "Dramma per la Musica" or "Dramma per Musica" and which are close in structure to opera. The Peasant and Coffee Cantata shows that he could also write in the humorous genre. The latter, in all likelihood, was performed in the Zimerman Coffee House when he gave concerts with the musical college.
Ludwig van Beethoven(born December 16, 1770 in Bonn, Germany, died March 26, 1827 in Vienna), was a Viennese classical composer. He is considered the composer who led the music of that era to its highest development. Ludwig van Beethoven was born into a musician family. Beethoven's father was amazed by little Wolfgang Mozart, who began performing as a composer at the age of 6 and was known as a child prodigy. With the goal of making his son a child prodigy, he began giving him piano lessons. Young Beethoven also learned to play the organ and clarinet. However, his father's strict attitude hampered the boy's development, who was roused from bed in the middle of the night to demonstrate his piano skills to his father's friends. This led to Beethoven often becoming tired at school and suffering from lack of concentration. At the age of 11, he was forced to leave school. Otherwise, Beethoven’s childhood was not problem-free. His father was an alcoholic, his mother was very often sick and of his 6 brothers and sisters only two survived. Yes, when he fell ill with inflammation of the middle ear at the age of 5, his parents did not notice it, and this is considered one of the reasons for the deafness that arose later. While Beethoven had a tense and reserved relationship with his father, he loved his mother very much. Beethoven's father's colleagues at the Bonn court recognized Ludwig's talent and made sure that his father finally decided to pass on further musical education his son into the hands of other musicians. Beethoven's most famous patrons and teachers in Bonn over the next years included Christiane Gottlob Näfe (piano, organ and composition) and Franz Anton Ries (violin). 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, overtures (Prometheus, Coriolanus, Eleanor), vocal works, the opera Fidelio, works for piano, 32 sonatas for piano, ballets and stage music, chamber music, quartets, cello sonatas.
Nicolo Poganini, born October 27, 1782 in Genoa, was an Italian violinist, guitarist and composer. During his time he was the leading and most virtuoso violinist. Appearance(he was thin, had jet-black hair and brown eyes) and his brilliant playing technique made him a legend during his lifetime. Paganini is already in early childhood received his first lesson on the violin, also from his father (Antonio Paganini), who forced him to practice regularly. If, in his father's opinion, he was not diligent enough, little Nicolo did not receive any food, and beatings often took place. He earned his living by traveling around Italy as a virtuoso violinist. Between 1805 and 1809 he had a stable position with Princess Elisa Baciotti Lucchi, Napoleon's sister. This was his only permanent position. Since 1813, Paganini was constantly on concert tours, during which he bewitched his listeners." magical art violinist." Vienna, London, Paris, Vienna again and so on endlessly... In Paris in 1833 he met Hector Berlioz, from whom he took composition lessons. He died in 1840 in Nice while on vacation.
Q· Of his 8 violin concertos, 6 remain today.
· Today his 24 capriccios belong to the standard repertoire of the best violinists. They are so difficult that it was only possible 50 years after his death to play them without simplifications.
· 12 sonatas for cello and guitar.
· 6 quartets for cello, violin and guitar.
· 60 etudes in variations for cello and guitar.