It is difficult to imagine the Russian language without cases. They are the ones who help us speak, write and read correctly. Total in Russian modern language There are six cases, each case has its own question and its own ending. To make it more clear, we will look at each case separately, and also analyze what questions the cases answer.

Cases in Russian

1. Nominative - answers the questions “who?”, “what?”. Example: dog, book;
2. Genitive – answers the questions “who?”, “what?”. Example: dog, book;
3. Dative - answers the questions “to whom?”, “what?”. Example: dog, book;
4. Accusative - answers the questions “who?”, “what?”. Example: dog, book;
5. Creative - answers the questions “by whom?”, “with what?” Example: dog, book;
6. Prepositional - answers the questions “about whom?”, “about what?”. Example: about a dog, about a book.

The nominative case is the only case in the Russian language whose question is answered by the subject. The genitive case determines affiliation, kinship and some other relationships. The dative case determines the exact end point of the action, the addressee of the message. The accusative case denotes the direct object of the action. Creative defines an instrument, some types of temporary accessory. The prepositional one can be presented in the form of a question: “Are you thinking about who, what?”

Now you know what questions the cases answer.

For coherent speech in Russian, the same words can be used in different forms, it can be singular or feminine, masculine or neuter, as well as declensions with changing endings. And a particularly important role in the construction of correct statements is played by cases, which show the syntactic role and connection of words in a sentence. Pronouns and numerals are subject to declension. And in learning the Russian language, it is very important to learn how to determine the case form of these parts of speech and know what questions the cases answer.

Basic cases of the Russian language

The case system of the Russian language is quite simple to learn, but it has several features. Therefore, in school curriculum this topic is given great amount time. First of all, children are introduced to what questions cases answer and what they are called. As a rule, only six main cases are presented to the attention of schoolchildren, although in fact there are many more of them, however, due to the close similarity, the varieties of obsolete case forms were combined with the main ones. Although there is still debate about this among linguists.

Nominative

The nominative case in abbreviated form is written by Him. n. Questions of the nominative case - Who? So what? For all parts of speech, this is the initial one and can act as the name of an object, person or natural phenomenon, and in a sentence always acts as the subject. For example:

The girl left the room; The sun was setting below the horizon.

Also in the nominative case there can be a nominal part compound predicate. For example:

Nikita is my son; Alexander Vasilievich - director.

Also always in the nominative case is main member and appeal. For example:

Noise, noise, reeds; Here is the old house.

Genitive

The genitive case can be used both after verbs and after names. Words with this declension answer questions whom? what? In abbreviated form it is written R.p.

This form of words has varied meanings and syntactic uses. The verb genitive case can indicate the subject:

• in the case when the verb has a negation: don't blow your mind, don't tell the truth;
• if the action does not relate to the whole object, but only to its part: drink water, eat soup, chop wood.

The adjective genitive case may indicate whole line relations:

• belonging to someone or something: mother's house, doll's dress;
• the relationship of something whole to any part: hotel number, tree branch;
• assessment or determination of qualities: green cap, tears of happiness, man of his word.

That's why for correct definition case form, it is very important to know what questions the cases answer.

Nouns used in the genitive case together with adjectives of comparison indicate the object or person with which they are compared. For example:

More beautiful than Natasha, whiter than snow, faster than lightning.

Dative

To understand how to use a word in a particular case, you need to clearly know what questions the cases answer, in which case a certain form of declension is used. So, for example, the dative case (to whom; to what?) words are most often placed after verbs and only in a few cases after words denoting objects.

Mainly words in this case are used to designate the main object to which the action is directed.

For example:

Say hello to a friend, threaten an enemy, order to subordinates.

In impersonal sentences, words in the dative case can be used as a predicate. For example:

Sasha became scared. The boy was cold. The patient is getting worse.

Accusative

Questions in the accusative case are similar to questions in other cases, namely the genitive and nominative. So, for an animate object this is a question whom? and to the inanimate - What? And quite often schoolchildren confuse this case with the nominative, therefore, for the correct definition, first of all, it is necessary to highlight in the sentence grammatical basis. Words in this case form are most often used with verbs and denote the object to which the action is completely transferred.

For example:

Fish, shine shoes, sew a skirt, bake a pie.

Also, words in can express quantity, time, space and distance. For example:

The whole summer, every minute, every year.

Instrumental case

Just like other case forms, instrumental case questions have two forms for living and nonliving objects. These are special questions that cannot be confused with other forms. So, for an animate object, the instrumental case answers the question by whom? For example:

He knew (who?) Oksana and (who?) her mother.

For an inanimate object, the instrumental case answers the question how? For example:

He fed (what?) bread, gave him (what?) water to drink.

As a rule, this form of words is used in combination with verbs that are closely related to names.

This case form of words with verbs always acts as a means and instrument of action, can be an image or method of action, and also have meanings of time, place, space and who is performing the action. For example:

(with what?) stick.

The old man propped himself up with (what?) his palm.

The road led through (what?) forest.

The fairy tales “Aibolit”, “Confusion” and “Cockroach” were written (by whom?) Korney Chukovsky.

Also, this case form of words can also occur with names and have following values. With nouns:

• instrument of action: beat with hand, brush;
• actor: security of the house by guards, release of goods by the seller;
• content of the action itself: study German;
• defining meaning: sausage ring, bass singing.

With adjectives, words in the instrumental case are used with the meaning of limiting the specified attribute. For example:

He was strong in mind and famous for his discoveries.

Prepositional

The sixth and last case that is studied in the school curriculum is prepositional.

Questions of the prepositional case, like other case forms, are divided in the direction of living objects (on whom? about whom?) and inanimate (on what? about what?). Words in this case are always used with prepositions, which is where the name of the case itself comes from. Depending on the preposition used, the meaning also changes; questions of the prepositional case are always constructed using the same prepositions that are used in specific cases in the context.

Using prepositions with words in the prepositional case

To correctly determine the case form of words and use them correctly in speech, it is very important to know how cases are associated with questions and prepositions when used various forms words in sentences.

Each of the prepositions used gives the word its own meaning:

What role do cases, questions and prepositions play?

The table of prepositions that are used in combination with various case forms of words plays a huge role in the study of the case system of the Russian language.

After all, it is they who, by joining nouns, can reveal different meanings the same word.

Declension of nouns, adjectives and numerals by case

One of the main topics of this section of the Russian language is the topic: “Declination by cases.” As a result of such a change, the word is transformed, acquiring a new ending, which is quite important for the correct construction of speech. Declension occurs by changing the word so that it answers the questions of each case. The declension of nouns is independent, while adjectives and numerals in context always depend on the case in which the word associated with them appears.

In the case of declension of numerals, the question can also be modified, as for an adjective, making it easier to decline the word.

The goal of the school curriculum is to teach children not only to correctly determine the case form of words in a given sentence, but also to be able to correctly use a preposition that will fully reveal the meaning of the statement. Such skills are very important for building competent speech. That is why special attention is paid to this topic and a sufficient number of Russian language lessons are given so that children can not only learn, but also consolidate this material well.

There are six cases in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional.

What questions do cases answer?. Let's show this using the example of the declension of the word friend.

1. Nominative case (who? what?) - friend
2. Genitive case (no who? what?) - friend
3. Dative case (approached whom? what?) - to a friend
4. Accusative case (I see who? What?) - friend
5. Instrumental case (happy with whom? What?) - friend
6. Prepositional case (talked about whom? about what?) - about a friend

• As far as I know, currently in the Russian language there are a total of six cases, each of which answers certain questions. In particular, the nominative case answers the questions Who? and What?, the genitive case answers the questions Who? and What?, the dative case answers the questions To whom? and What?, the accusative case answers the questions Who? and What?, the instrumental case answers the questions By whom? and With what, as well as the prepositional case answers the questions About whom? and About whm?.

  

  Let's remember the 6 cases of the Russian language: nominative p-zh, genitive p-zh, dative p-zh, accusative p-zh, creative ms., prepositional n.

  Each of the listed cases answers certain questions. For example, let us inflect the animate and inanimate nouns child and table.

  1. Nominative: Who? child What? table
  2. Genitive: whom? baby what? table
  3. Dative: to whom? to kid why? table
  4. Accusative: whom? baby What? table
  5. Instrumental: by whom? child how? table
  6. Prepositional: about whom? about the child about what? about the table

• There are 6 cases in the Russian language, each of which answers the questions:

  1- Nominative case (there is who what?)

  2- Genitive case(no who?/what?)

  3- Dative case (give to whom; to what?)

  4- Accusative case (I see who?/what?)

  5- Instrumental case (I create by whom?/what?)

  6- Prepositional case (I think About who about what?)

  In russian language cases answer the following questions:

  • nominative case - who? What?
  • genitive case - whom? what?
  • dative case - to whom? what?
  • accusative case - whom? What?
  • instrumental case - by whom? how?
  • prepositional case - about whom? about what?

• There are 6 cases in Russian, each of which answers a specific question:

  • Nominative- Who? What?
  • Genitive- whom? what?
  • Dative- to whom? what?
  • Accusative- whom? What?
  • Instrumental- by whom? how?
  • Prepositional- about whom? about what?

• Remember when, as children, remembering the colors of the rainbow, we learned the saying: Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits? Similarly, to quickly learn the names of cases in the Russian language, it is enough to memorize one slightly funny saying: Ivan gave birth to a girl, he ordered her to carry diapers.

  Since we have already memorized the first letters of the six cases, all that remains is to learn the questions and figure out the ending. Amazing auxiliary words will help us with this.

  So, let's go!

  Nominative ( There is who is each of us? what mom;

  Genitive ( at Who do we look to for advice in difficult times? what?) - from mom;

  Dative ( give LOVE to whom? what?) - mom;

  Accusative ( blame(blame) especially in childhood, who for our own mistakes? what?) - mother;

  Creative (I created by whom? what?) - mom;

  Prepositional (I think often O com? about what?) - about mom.

  

  

  Good afternoon, in the Russian language you can find six cases, each of which has two questions. Below is a photograph in which all six cases are indicated, and questions are also shown depending on the gender of a particular word.

  

  It is advisable to know the names of the cases and what questions they are asked, so I advise you to learn them by heart.

  There are only six cases in the Russian language; they need to be learned by heart as early as primary school, because you can’t do without them in Russian lessons.

  Nominative: who? What?

  Genitive: whom? what?

  Dative: to whom? what?

  Accusative: whom? What?

  Creative: by whom? how?

  Prepositional: about whom? about what?

  Cases in Russian answer to case and on semantic questions. Based on these questions, it is easier to determine the case in which the word is found in a sentence or phrase. Below are lists of most of these questions with examples.

  Cases.

  • Nominative. Who? - Human. What? - Carrot.
  • Genitive. Whom? - Deer. What? - Notebooks.
  • Dative. To whom? - Kotnku. Why? - Spring.
  • Accusative. Whom? - Ttu. What? - Winter.
  • Instrumental. By whom? - General. How? - A mop.
  • Prepositional. About whom? - About the soldier. Oh what? - About determination.

  Semantic.

  • Nominative. (has no such questions)
  • Genitive. Where? - Near the river. Where? - To the lake. Where? - From the steppe.
  • Dative. Where? - Through the meadows. Where? - To the water.
  • Accusative. Where? - For the house.
  • Instrumental. Where? - Behind the estate.
  • Prepositional. Where? - In the snow.

• In modern Russian language only six cases. Let's look at them using words as an example beauty(inanimate noun) and nightingale(animate noun) with stressed endings:

  nominative case who? Nightingale_, what? beauty- A

  genitive case there is no one? nightingale- I, what? beauty- s

  dative case I'm running to whom? nightingale Yu, for what? to beauty- e

  accusative case see who? nightingale- I, What? beauty- at

  instrumental case I admire whom? nightingale, what? beauty-oh

  prepositional case I think about whom? oh nightingale e, oh what? about beauty e.

  Animate nouns have the same genitive and accusative plural forms, while inanimate nouns have the same nominative and accusative plural forms:

  no one?, see who? - nightingales;

  What? tables, see what? tables.

  In the great Russian language there is six cases, to determine which, each has its own grammatical questions:

  U nominative case - questions: who what?

  U genitive case - questions: who?, what?

  U dative case - questions: to whom; to what?

  U accusative case - questions: who?, what?

  U instrumental case - questions: by whom?, by what?

  U prepositional case - questions: About who about what?

  

  Cases, in the Russian language, are designed to fill in all possible variations in the declension of words in different contexts. That is, there are exactly as many of them as are needed so that every person can structure his speech in such a way that through it he can fully convey information to others.

Study of cases and their differences.

The Russian language is considered one of the most difficult languages ​​in the world. Of course, it’s hard for anyone to learn a non-native vocabulary. But precisely because of the transformation of words into cases, the Slavic dialect becomes too difficult to understand. And many speakers of their native dialect are often confused this issue, so next we will try to figure it out.

Changing nouns by case: what is it called?

Changing nouns by case - called declination.

Declension- this is our transformation of words at the end. And it is necessary so that the words are properly fastened together. This is how statements in the Russian lexicon are obtained.

Noun- this is the component of the phrase that implies the subject. Both living and non-living. Therefore, it gives answers to the questions posed: who? And what?

Covers very broad concepts:

• name of items(chair, knife, book)
• designation of persons(woman, baby, vegetarian)
• naming living things(dolphin, cat, amoeba)
• name of substances(coffee, gelatin, starch)
• terms various factors and cases(fire, intermission, correspondence)
• designation of all stays, actions and properties(tearfulness, optimism, running)

There are six different cases:

• nominative
• genitive
• dative
• accusative
• instrumental
• prepositional

Cases of nouns in Russian: table with questions, prepositions and auxiliary words in the singular

To perceive and quickly assimilate information, tables are often used. They do a great job of showing what questions are used.

• First declension- feminine nouns male, the ending of which is - a, I
• Second declension- masculine nouns without an ending and ending with a soft sign, neuter nouns with the ending - o, e
• Third declension- these are feminine words that end with a soft sign

In the plural, for better understanding, a table is used, which differs, however, only in the ending.

Incorrect use of cases: what type of error?

It seems that you look at the tables and examples, and everything becomes clear. And you think, what’s so complicated about that? But in reality it turns out that many people make mistakes. Despite the fact that they know the material. And, as a rule, these are very common mistakes that require special attention.

Highlight 2 main mistakes, which are connected:

• with incorrect definition of noun declension
• with inappropriate use of prepositions

Prepositions require special attention:

• thanks to
• according to
• contrary to
• like
• contrary to
• across

IMPORTANT: These prepositions are used in the dative case.

For example, maneuver according to (what?) law. Or, thanks to (what?) friendship with the Fedorov family.

It is also worth highlighting a number of statements that often used in the erroneous case:

• In view. The current preposition is used only in the genitive case. For example, due to excess (what?) money.
• A statement like "together with" requires the instrumental case, since it has the weight of joint action. For example, playing with (who?) my nephew.
• Also, a pretext "along with" also asks for the instrumental case. For example, along with other (what?) things.
• But after the expression "By" the adverb requests the prepositional case. If there is a meaning "after something". For example, upon completion of the contract.

How to distinguish the nominative case from the accusative case?

Every student faces these questions. And adults often face similar choices. And it is not surprising that these aspects are often confused. After all, the questions are of the same type and endings of inanimate words the same ones, but here endings of animate nouns totally different.

How the nominative case differs from the accusative case: instructions.

• Of course, the question is raised.
  There was already a reminder in the table above that the nominative is guided by questions Who? What?(as the main member of the sentence). And the accusative - (I see) whom? What?(minor part of the sentence).
• And there is a little trick. Because the word in the nominative case will always be main member in a sentence, then we determine the main members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate.
• If our word is not the main member of the sentence, therefore, it is in the accusative case and will be a minor member of the sentence.
• Another technique: pose a question to the word being tested in an animated form. For example: Who? parrot (subject in the nominative case) pecks What?(whom?) grain (minor part of the sentence, accusative case).
• Also, a significant role is played by the preposition with which the independent part of speech is associated (or not). In the first version (nominative case), the noun is always used without pretext. But in the second (accusative case), on the contrary, more often with it ( in, on, for, through and others).
• It will also help to identify the case ending. The table above has already mentioned what endings each case has.

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive case?

• The most important help is the question you need to ask yourself in your mind. The genitive case, as we know, responds to questions whom or what No? But the accusative case is - see who? I hear what? Question whom? the same in both cases.

Read the instructions below.

1. Mentally replace the animate object with an inanimate one.
2. The question approaches the inanimate in the genitive case: what isn't there? But in the accusative, an inanimate object reacts to the question What do I see and hear?
3. Example: I caught ( whom?) butterfly. We pose an inanimate question. I caught ( What?) butterfly. Question what? doesn't fit. So this is the accusative case.

• By the way, in genitive case will mean attachment to someone or something. We bought a suitcase for ( what?) travel (genitive). The bedside table is made ( Of what?) made of wood (genitive). Also point to a particle of something. A flower is a part of (what?) a plant (genitive). Or is it going comparison of objects. Smartphone is better ( what?) push-button telephone(genitive).
• It is also important that in the genitive case the verb will be with negative particle. In the shop Not was ( what?) sour cream (genitive).
• But in accusative case has spacious place or intermediate touching. Define ( What?) weather for tomorrow (accusative). And also, the effect transfers entirely to the object. For example, I closed ( What?) door (accusative). Drank (what?) milk (accusative). Or it will express desire and intention. I want to eat ( What?) apple.

Indeclinable nouns: list

It seems that all the nuances were considered, and a little clarification began. But it was not there! The Russian language has come up with some more traps - these are nouns that are not declined. And this is where foreigners get shocked.

To put it very briefly, this is foreign words(practically). But to make it a little clearer, below is a list.

• Nouns of foreign origin (proper and common nouns), the endings of which are -о, -е, -у, -у, -и, -а:
  • highway
  • interview
  • flamingo
• Again words of foreign origin. But! Female and with a consonant ending:
  • madam
  • Carmen
• Surnames. Russian and Ukrainian, the ending of which ends in –о and –ы, theirs:
  • Ivanchenko
  • Korolenko
  • Sedykh, etc.
• Well, of course abbreviations and shortened words:

Declension of nouns by case: example

Rules are rules, but with an example it is much easier to understand. To make it easier visually, we will also resort to using a table.

How to quickly learn cases and their questions?

In principle, there is nothing complicated. If you carefully understand and understand. And it’s hard not only for visitors from other countries, but also for our children. Therefore, in order for information to be absorbed faster, they have come up with a lot of things. And here we are school years taught, put a book under the pillow. And, most importantly, it worked! I read it before going to bed, slept all night on the book and already remembered everything.

• Of course, many teachers resort to rhymes or games. But parents should also help their children in this matter.
• First of all, you need to remember how many cases there are. There are only 6 of them.
• And then, using the most common and everyday examples, explain to the child what questions the noun answers. This means that cases are easier to determine.
• The most important thing is practice! They took the child from educational institution and go on the bus. Forward! Practice the words you observe. At least by bus.
• By the way, a small example of a light poem. The kids will like it and it will help educational information rather learn it.

A poem about cases: Ivan gave birth to a girl, ordered her to drag a diaper

All parents can repeat this poem in chorus. After all, he was remembered as “twice two.” And most importantly, it is easy for children to understand.

• Ivan (I - nominative)
  Gave birth (P - genitive)
  Girl, (D - dative)
  Velel (B - accusative)
  Drag (T - instrumental)
  Diaper (P - prepositional)

Video: How easy is it to learn cases? Simple memorization technique

Students are often faced with the need to determine case nouns. This needs to be done, say, when you need to check the spelling of an unstressed vowel at the end. Difficulty arises when distinguishing between nominative and accusative case to her, because auxiliary questions for words used in the data case ah, actually identical.

Instructions

1. In order to determine case nouns, it is necessary, before each one, to pose a question to the word. Words related to nominative case y, answer the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked questions WHO? or WHAT?, then you have a noun used in the accusative form case A.

2. Determine which part of the sentence the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. main member of the sentence, then it is used in the nominative form case a.Accusative case om denotes a word that is a minor member in a sentence, a direct object. Let’s say, ask the guys to define case nouns in this sentence. The girl writes a letter. Ask them to pose questions to the words, determine which part of the sentence they are. They are obliged to come to a further conclusion. The word “girl” answers the question WHO?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case e. And the word “letter” is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and, therefore, is used in the accusative case e.

3. Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that a noun is used with or without a preposition. Words in the nominative case They are not used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.

4. It is also worthwhile when determining case and compare endings in words. So, nouns of the first declension will have endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative form case A. Accordingly, in the accusative case e - U, Yu. Let's say, in the first declension noun “wall” the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case e. The word “wall” has the ending U. This means it has an accusative case .

5. Case indicates the role of a word in a sentence. It is allowed to use the assistant phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between nominative and accusative case to her.

“Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl and Ordered to Drag the Diaper” - the first letters of this literary nonsense orderly read out the list of cases. There are six types of cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. All of them speak about the temporary state of one or another noun, which can change in case form. It is not difficult to determine the type of case of a noun; you just need to figure out which question is answered by all of the cases.

Instructions

1. Case nominative– initial, determining the real sound of the word. Answers the questions “who?” or “what?” If the noun is inanimate, say: window, house, book, bus, then it answers the question “what?”, and if it is animate, for example, girl, elephant, mother, Rita, then, accordingly, it answers the question “who?” . This division according to the liveliness of the subject will concern all cases, and consequently each case has two questions. Example 1. Man (who?) is an animate noun in the nominative case, machine (what?) is an inanimate noun in the nominative case.

2. Genitive case, from the word “to give birth to whom?” or “what?” No matter how comical it may sound, this is exactly how the question should be asked. A number of questions in cases coincide, and therefore some words will sound identical, the main thing is to put the case question correctly. Example 2. A person (whom?) is an animate noun in the genitive case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the genitive case.

3. The dative case is determined by the phrase “give to whom?” or “what?” Example 3. To a person (to whom?) is an animate noun in the dative case, to a car (to what?) is an inanimate noun in the dative case.

4. The accusative case answers the question: “whom to blame?” or “what?” In the above example, an inanimate noun coincides, and therefore the case is determined logically, according to meaning. Example 4. A person (who?) is an animate noun in the accusative case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the accusative case. But if it makes sense: I bought a car (genitive case), but crashed the car (accusative case).

5. The instrumental case sounds like: “to create by whom?” or “what?” Example 5. By a person (by whom?) is an animate noun in the instrumental case, by a machine (by what?) is an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

6. The prepositional case is exceptional, posing a question that is not consonant with its name: “to talk about whom?” or “about what?” It is easy to identify a word in this case, because a noun in this case invariably has a preposition. Example 6. About a person (about whom?) is an animate noun in the prepositional case, about a car (about what?) is an inanimate noun in the prepositional case.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice
Even if a case question does not match the meaning in a given sentence, it should still be asked to determine the case of a noun.

Tip 3: How to distinguish the genitive case of a noun from the accusative case

Cases of the Russian language is a category of a word that shows its syntactic role in a sentence. Schoolchildren memorize the names of cases and their signs, that is, questions, but sometimes difficulties arise. For example, when it is necessary to distinguish the genitive case from the accusative case.

You will need

• Knowledge of the Russian language according to the school curriculum, nouns in the accusative and genitive cases,

Instructions

1. In the Russian language there are six cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. To determine the case of a noun, auxiliary words and questions are used. The spelling of the ending of the word depends on this. The genitive (no: whom? what?) and accusative (blame: whom? what?) cases are often confused, because questions to animate objects are asked identically: “who?”

2. Ask a question. If in doubt, ask the noun a qualifying question: “no what?” (for genitive) and “I see what?” (for accusative). If a word takes the form of the nominative case, it means in this case It's accusative. Let's say: a small fish (accusative case: I see what? a fish, it is impossible to say: there is nothing? a fish).

3. If you need to determine the case in order to arrange the endings, replace the noun with the word “cat” or any other word, but certainly of the first declension. Depending on the ending, determine the case. Let's say: pride for the teacher is the accusative case, since, substituting the word “cat” in place of the noun, we get: glory for the cat. The ending "u" indicates the accusative case. The ending “and” is in the genitive.

4. Analyze the connection of words in a phrase. The genitive case, as usual, denotes the relationship between a part and the whole (a glass of milk), belonging to something (a sister’s jacket), it is used when comparing (more beautiful than a queen). The accusative is used to convey spatial-temporal relations (work for a week), the transition from an action to an object (drive a car).

5. Use the same methods for indeclinable nouns. Let's say: put on a coat (put on a cat - accusative case), do without coffee (do without a cat - genitive).

Note!
The accusative case denotes the complete coverage of the object by the action, certain number(drink milk), and the genitive case is the extension of the action to part of the object (drink milk).

Helpful advice
An inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change to differ from the same noun in the genitive case: I saw a house (accusative), there were no houses in the area (genitive)

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are six of them. The endings of words in different cases may coincide, therefore, to determine the case, you need to ask the correct question for the word being checked.

Instructions

1. To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it is included. Find the word that the noun you are checking refers to - that's why words you will ask a question. Let's say you're given the phrase “I love dogs,” and you need to determine the case of the noun “dogs.” The word “dogs” in this sentence is subordinate to the word “love”. Consequently, you will ask the case question in the following way: “I love whom?”

2. Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, nouns in the nominative case answer the question “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “is” can be added to this case. Let's say there is (who?) a dog. The question of the genitive case is “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “no” can be added to the noun in this case. The dative case answers the question “to whom?/what?” and harmonizes with the auxiliary word “give”. The question of the accusative case is “who?” or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame.” Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question “by whom?/what?” and are in harmony with the words “created” and “pleased.” Finally, the prepositional case is characterized by the following questions: “about whom?/about what?”, “in whom?/in what?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word “I think”.

3. In order to determine the case of an adjective, you first need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this basic word, you will also know the case of the adjective, because adjectives invariably agree in gender, number and case with the nouns (pronouns) on which they depend. For example, in the sentence “Kolya ate a large pear,” the noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, and therefore the case of the adjective “large” related to it is also accusative.

A noun is a part of speech that denotes a person or object and answers the questions “who?” So what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in the Russian language. So that the cases do not get confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. In order to be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions and what it is used for.

Instructions

1. In order to never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions specific to it, by asking which you will receive the corresponding case of the noun. Accusative case questions are the question “I see who?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

2. In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or rather, the cases when it is used. It turns out that the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporal and spatial relations (rest for a week, walk a kilometer); transition of the action entirely to the object (driving a car, leafing through a book). It is very rare that the accusative case is formed as a dependence on an adverb (annoyed for a friend).

3. However, even according to the rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine the case, so always use special questions. In terms of its questions, the accusative case partly coincides with the genitive and nominative. In order not to confuse them, do the following: if you have an animate noun in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, the one that coincides with genitive case, replace it with an inanimate noun and ask a question about it. If the word answers the question “I see what?”, then you have the accusative case.

4. Remember also that in the Russian language there are some nouns that look identical in all cases: metro, cinema, coat, cafe, etc. To determine their case, ask a question to keyword. For example, in the sentence “Yesterday they bought me an expensive coat,” the word “coat” is in the accusative case, because in response to the question “I see what?” You are allowed to answer “beautiful coat.” In addition, replace the word “coat” here with a variable, say, “decoration”. Then belonging to the accusative case immediately becomes more clear.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice
When determining the case of any noun, invariably apply all the rules and methods that you know, then it will be much easier for you to verify that a word belongs to one or another case.

The nominative case is the original dictionary form of nouns, contrasted with every other form of indirect case: genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. A word in the nominative case is never used with a preposition and in a sentence traditionally performs the syntactic function of the subject or the nominal part of a compound predicate.

Instructions

1. Define nominative case noun on grammatical questions “who?” or “what?” For example, in the sentence “His mother was kindness itself,” the word “mother” answers the question “who?”, and the word “kindness”? to the question “what?”

2. For nominative case and the main ones are the subjective and attributive meanings. In the first case, this form denotes the figure performing the action, or the object towards which it is directed. Compare: “A mother loves her son.” The word “mother” denotes a doer. “The son is loved by the mother.” The word “son” denotes an animate object, the one on which the action is directed.

3. Determine the subjective meaning of the nominative form case and by the syntactic role of the subject in a two-part sentence (“The son is a student, but at the same time he works”) or the subject in a one-part noun (“Whisper, cowardly breathing, trills of a nightingale...”).

4. Determinative meaning of the nominative form case and is expressed in a compound nominal predicate or in the syntactic structure of the application. “The new building is a factory.” The word “factory” is a nominal part of the predicate, which answers the question “what is the new building?” “The female doctor invited me into the office.” The word "doctor" answering the question "who?" is ? is an application that performs the syntactic function of defining. Note that the nominative case, used in a definitive meaning, gives a different name to an object by property, quality, sign, and adverbial meanings are not characteristic of it.

5. Additional meanings of the nominative case and the noun are: - an evaluative value expressed in the nominal part of the predicate (“He was a good-natured person”); - an expression of a temporary sign related to the past (“At that time there was still a groom, her husband”); - the meaning of an informatively filling form used both with a proper name (“They called her Olya”) and a common noun (“He is listed as a watchman”). More often than not, nominative case used in this meaning with geographical names (“Then the city began to be called Petrograd”).

Note!
In addition to nouns, the case category has inflected parts of speech: adjective, numeral, participle and pronoun. Determine the nominative case of adjectives and participles using the questions “which one?” which? which? what?”, given from the noun being defined, “how many?” ? for cardinal numbers, “which one?” ? for ordinal ones. Pronouns, depending on their rank, can answer the questions “who?” in the nominative case. What?" (I, that), “which one? whose?" (certain, own), “how much?” (so many).