Russia - multinational country, more than 180 nationalities inhabit our poor country. What nationalities live in Russia? Let's look at the 2010 census data:
- The titular nation is Russians. More than 111 million people, or 80.9% of all citizens who indicated their nationality, called themselves Russian. Russians are slowly dying out, drinking yaga, driving on broken roads, listening to chanson, watching Channel One and not particularly resisting their tsar with his puppet Duma, oil economy and total theft of budgets. Which may even be good for the Russians themselves. Belarus, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan look at the Russians with understanding.
- The second largest nationality is the Tatars. There were 5.3 million of them in Russia in 2010, or 3.7%. Tatars live not only in Tatarstan, but also in most regions of the country. This people has a long and rich history of relations with Russians and the majority live in Russia, in peace and harmony with the titular nation, despite a hostile past and belonging to Islam. Big praise to the Tatars for not fighting the Russians for many centuries.
- In third place are Ukrainians. There are almost 2 million of this brotherly people in Russia (1.4% of the total population). Ukrainians in Russia have long been Russified (like their fellow tribesmen in the eastern part of Ukraine) and have practically no differences from Russians, with the exception of GEkanya, harmful character and love of lard.
- In fourth place are the Bashkirs. There are more than one and a half million of them in Russia. They live mainly in Bashkiria, play hockey and pray to Allah. They live relatively friendly with Russians.
- Chuvash and Chechens share fifth place. There are 1% of them in Russia, that is, about 1.5 million. If everything is fine with the Chuvash, then the Chechens have never loved Russians and are unlikely to love them in the future. Two Russian-Chechen wars at the turn of the century showed how strong the centuries-old enmity between Russians and Chechens is, and the ostentatious “peace” and subsidized “stability” in Chechnya are temporary phenomena and new massacres are only a matter of time. After Chechen wars There are practically no Russians left in Chechnya, and local authorities led by the savage academician Kadyrov are known for their inadequacy.
- In sixth place are Armenians, there are more than a million of them. This people has long and amicably lived next door to Russians and gives Russian culture great amount talented people. Petrosyan alone is worth something. By the way, Okudzhava was also half Armenian.
- More than half a million souls in Russia have the following nationalities: Avars, Mordovians, Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Dargins, Udmurts, Maris, Ossetians, Belarusians, Kabardians and Kumyks. This is very different peoples, most of whom live compactly in their regions. For some reason, the majority of Azerbaijanis are in Moscow.
- It is especially worth noting the Jews, who are almost gone in Russia. And there were more than 2 million in the late 1980s! Who went to Israel, who assimilated, and who ran away from the gentle clutches of Putin’s justice. Azohenvey, in 2010 only 157 thousand of the chosen people lived in Russia.
regional migration interethnic
By the beginning of the 20th century, the territory Russian Empire reached 22.4 million km2. Accordingly, with the increase in territory, the population also grew and during this period of time amounted to 128.2 million people. Thus, according to the 1897 census in ethnic composition There were 196 peoples, with the share of Russians being 44.3%.
In 1926, according to the USSR population census, about 160 ethnic groups were identified, including 30 with a population of less than 1 thousand people. Characteristic feature the peoples of the USSR there was a strong difference in their numbers. Twenty-two of them, numbering more than 1 million people each, accounted for 96% of the population of the entire country.
Regarding the population modern Russia, it is also very rich and varied. Today, more than 130 nations and nationalities live on the territory of the Russian Federation. Each nation has a different way of life, customs, historical traditions, culture, work skills.
According to the 1989 census, the majority of the population were Russians (more than 80%), further from numerous nationalities, inhabiting Russia, the following should be noted: Tatars (over 5 million people), Ukrainians (over 4 million people), Chuvash, Bashkirs, Belarusians, Mordovians and others.
As for the national composition of the Chita region, the 1989 population census recorded the following data (as a percentage of the total population of the region): Russians - 88.4%, Buryats - 4.8%, Ukrainians - 2.8%, Tatars - 0.9%, Belarusians - 0.7%, Chuvash - 0.2%, Bashkirs - 0.2%, Mordovians - 0.1%, Evenks - about 0.1%, other nationalities - 1.9%.
Current statistics noted an increase in the share of Russians to 90.9%, Buryats to 5.4%, Evenks to 0.2% and a decrease in the share of representatives of other nationalities.
The overwhelming majority of representatives of the peoples of the north, primarily the Evenks, live in the Kalarsky, Tungir-Olyokminsky and Tungokochensky regions.
Settlement of peoples across the territory of the Russian Federation
All the peoples inhabiting our country can be divided into three groups. The first is ethnic groups, most of which live in Russia, and outside its borders they make up only small groups(Russians, Chuvashs, Bashkirs, Tatars, Yakuts, Buryats, Kalmyks and others). They, as a rule, form national-state units consisting of Russian Federation.
The second group is those peoples of neighboring countries (that is, republics former USSR), as well as some other countries that are represented on the territory of Russia by significant groups, in some cases compact settlements (Ukrainians, Belarusians, Kazakhs, Armenians, Poles, Greeks and others).
And finally, the third group is formed by small subdivisions of ethnic groups, in most cases living outside of Russia (Romanians, Hungarians, Abkhazians, Chinese, Vietnamese, Albanians, Croats and others).
Thus, about 100 peoples (the first group) live mainly on the territory of the Russian Federation, the rest - representatives of the second and third groups - mainly in neighboring countries or other countries of the world, but are still a significant element of the Russian population.
Russia is a multinational republic, in its own way state structure is a federation built on a national-territorial principle.
The federal structure of the Russian Federation is based on its state integrity, the unity of the system of power, the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between bodies state power subjects of the Russian Federation, equality and self-determination of peoples in the Russian Federation (Constitution of the Russian Federation, 1993).
As of January 1, 2007, the Russian Federation includes 86 constituent entities, of which 21 are republics, 7 territories, 48 regions, 2 federal cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg), 1 autonomous region, 7 autonomous districts.
The total area of 29 national entities (republics, autonomous okrugs, autonomous regions) makes up 53% of the country's territory. At the same time, only about 26 million people live here (including almost 12 million Russians).
All national entities have a complex population composition. Moreover, the share of the main or “titular” nation in some cases is relatively small. Thus, out of 21 republics of the Russian Federation, only in six the main peoples make up the majority (Ingushetia, Chuvashia, Tuva, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, the Chechen Republic). In multi-ethnic Dagestan, ten local peoples (Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais, Rutuls, Aguls, Tsakhurs) form 80% of the total population. In nine republics, the peoples of the “titular” nation account for less than one-third of the population (including in Karelia and Kalmykia).
The picture of the settlement of peoples in the autonomous okrugs is significantly different. They are very sparsely populated and for many decades they attracted migrants from all the republics of the former USSR (Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Belarusians, Chechens and others) who came to work - to develop the richest mineral deposits, to build roads, industrial facilities and cities. As a result, the “titular” peoples in most autonomous okrugs and in the only autonomous region constitute only a small percentage of their total population. For example, in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - 1.5%, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 6%, Chukotka - about 9%. Detailed national structure The population of the autonomous regions of Russia can be traced according to the data in Table 1.1 in the appendix of the work.
Language families and groups
A distinctive feature of a people is its language - the most important means of communication between people. Based on the similarity of languages, peoples are grouped into language groups, and close and related groups into language families. Based on language, all the peoples of Russia can be united into 4 language families:
1. Indo-European family (80% of all residents of the country). This family includes: - the Slavic group, the largest in Russia, including Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and others.
Iranian group, including Tajiks, Ossetians, Kurds.
The Romanesque group, which includes Moldovans, Gypsies, and Romanians.
German group. It includes Germans and Jews.
2. Altai family (6.8% of all residents of the country). It includes the following groups: - Turkic group, which includes Tatars, Chuvash, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Yakuts, Tuvans, Karachais, Khakassians, Balkars, Altaians, Shors, Dolgans.
Mongolian group consisting of Buryats and Kalmyks.
Tungus-Manchu group. This group includes the Evens, Evenks, Nanais, Udeges and others.
Paleo-Asian group consisting of the Chukchi and Koryaks.
3. Ural family(2% of all residents of the country). They are divided into groups: - Finno-Ugric group, which includes Mordovians, Estonians, Udmurts, Mari, Komi, Komi-Permyaks, Karelians, Finns, Mansi, Hungarians, Sami.
Samoyed group, including Nenets, Selkups, Nganasans.
Yukaghir group (Yukaghirs).
4. North Caucasian family (2% of all residents of the country). Also includes several groups: - Nakh-Dagestan group. It includes Chechens, Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, and Ingush.
Kartvelian group · Georgians.
Adyghe-Abkhaz group, including Adyghe, Abkhaz, Circassians, Kabardians.
In addition to the above-mentioned families, representatives of the Chukchi-Kamchatka family (Chukchi, Koryaks, Itelmens) live in Russia; Eskimo-Aleut family (Eskimos, Aleuts) and other peoples language families and peoples (Chinese, Arabs, Vietnamese and others).
The languages of all the peoples of Russia have full rights, but the language of interethnic communication is Russian.
Russia is rich not only amazing monuments nature, beautiful architectural structures and other wonderful sights. She also has a lot National composition indigenous population. At the beginning of this decade, more than two hundred diverse nationalities were officially attested. The country has about 145 million residents who live there permanently, of which the largest group is Russians, there are 116 million of them in Russia, which is 80% of the total population.
It is worth adding that the national composition of our country is not some kind of static indicator; it is constantly changing under the influence of various processes (migration, wars, relocation, etc.).
Russia ranks 7th in the world in terms of population and 2nd in density, second only to the United States of America. 1/5 of our country's population lives in 13 largest cities countries. 7 peoples living in Russia have a population exceeding a million people.
Indo-European group
This extensive group includes two subgroups: the Slavic, which is the most numerous, and the group of other peoples. IN Slavic group includes Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles. The peoples of other groups include Jews, Ossetians, Armenians and Germans.
From time immemorial, the Central regions of the country, the North-West and the European North have been considered Russian regions, but Russians live everywhere.
The Ukrainian people in Russia make up a little more than 2% of the total population (4 million 360 thousand people). Ukrainians take their origins from the Circassians. The main thing in the diet of this nationality is flour (dumplings, dumplings, dumplings) and vegetable (borscht, cabbage soup) foods, as well as porridge (favorites are buckwheat and wheat). The most common meat products are pork and lard. On all holidays, Ukrainians dress up in national sundresses and embroidered shirts.
Belarusians make up about 1% of the population of our country. This nationality is the descendants of the ancient Vends, who settled in the territory of what is now Smolensk, Vitebsk, Pskov, Minsk and Mogilev regions. The Belarusian table has long consisted of milk, cabbage, cottage cheese, eggs, peas, beans, rye bread, in general, everything that can be prepared from products household. Indigenous Belarusians are distinguished by their short stature, sunken eyes, thick build, and round face framed by light brown hair.
The number of Poles in Russia is about 70 thousand people. This nationality is characterized by short representatives. Traditionally, on great holidays, Poles wear their national clothes: striped skirts, aprons, men's trousers made of white cloth, plain shirts and leather belts. National dishes are kvasnitsa, zhur, barshch with the addition of sour cream, lard or butter. Potatoes, mushrooms, apples, homemade sausage, cheese, cottage cheese and milk. The Poles have well-developed folk crafts: carving, embroidery, painting on glass surfaces, ceramics, basketry, sculpture and weaving.
Jews in Russia make up about 0.5% of the country's total population. “Russian Jews” are distinguished by their low religiosity compared to the indigenous population of Israel. Jews have an elongated nose with a curved tip, which indicates their belonging to this nation. They are distinguished by a cheerful disposition, resistance to stress, and good intelligence.
There are about 515 thousand Ossetians living in our country, which is 1.8% of the country's population. They are mainly located in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. This nationality is considered to be the descendants of the Alans. Ossetians for the most part have dark eyes and hair, dark skin tone, and tall stature. These people are quite moderate in food, the diet mainly consists of wheat, barley, corn, cheese, millet and milk; on holidays they eat meat. 
Armenians make up more than 4% of the total population of the Russian Federation, which is approximately 1 million 150 thousand people. The Armenian family is characterized by a large number with a clear definition of the rights and responsibilities of its members. Traditional food is grain crops, from which they bake lavash, butter cookies, make noodles, make porridge and pilaf. Among dairy products, the most popular are various cheeses, buttermilk, milk, and matsun.
The German nation in Russia makes up 2.1% (843 thousand). It is typical for Germans to have a small family with one or two children. There is quite a lot of severity in the appearance of representatives of this nationality; they are silent and inhospitable, but at the same time neat, friendly and practical.
Altai group
This group is divided into two subgroups: Turkic, which numbers about 11 million people in our country, and Mongolian, whose representatives in Russia are about 800 thousand. The Turkic group is represented by such peoples as: Tatars, Kazakhs, Chuvashs, Azerbaijanis, Bashkirs, Yakuts and Tuvans. The Mongolian group includes Kalmyks and Buryats.
The Tatars are the most numerous nationality in the Russian Federation, after the Russians, they make up 3.8% of the entire population of the country, that is, approximately 5.5 million people. Tatars are distinguished by their bright appearance: brown eyes, dark hair, well-defined cheekbones, wide nose, narrowed eyes. These people are hospitable, hardworking and clean, but they are also characterized by stubbornness and indifference.
There are more than 655 thousand Kazakhs. They live mainly in Western Siberia, Lower Volga region and the south of the Urals. Traditionally, Kazakhs are engaged in livestock breeding (cattle, sheep, goats, camels). It is customary for women to work with wool, and for men to work with jewelry, leather, wood and metal.
The number of Chuvash in our country is 1.2%. The Chuvash are traditionally employed in the agricultural sector, but now many representatives of this nation are employed in the services, culture and trade sectors. 
Azerbaijanis live in the Republic of Dagestan, their number is 4.5% total number residents of this republic. The traditional occupation of Azerbaijanis is gardening, farming and viticulture; common crafts are leather working, jewelry making, and making copper objects.
Bashkirs live mainly in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is part of the Russian Federation. There are approximately 1 million 670 thousand people. They have a memorable appearance: a straight, wide nose, a protruding chin, a large head, and short stature.
The Yakuts number 444 thousand people and live primarily in the Republic of Sakha. Here the share of the urban population is low, since the traditional occupation of the Yakuts is farming and other agricultural activities. Residents live in small villages.
The nationality of Tuvans in our country is about 223 thousand inhabitants, living mostly in the Republic of Tyva.
The Buryats number about 460 thousand people, they are settled in the Republic of Buryatia. Folk crafts - fishing, hunting, livestock breeding, farming.
Kalmyks settled in the Republic of Kalmykia, Rostov, Astrakhan, Orenburg and Volgograd regions, there are 147 thousand of them.
Ural group
This family includes Finnish and Ugric group. Finnish consists of representatives of the Mordovians, Komi, Mari, Karelians, and Udmurts. And Ugric - Mansi and Khanty.
Mordva lives in the Republics of Mordovia, Chuvashia, Bashkiria, in the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Orenburg and Penza regions, the population is 1 million 720 thousand people. The occupations of the Mordovians are not very different from the Russians; preference is given to agriculture. 
There are almost 605 thousand Mari people in the population of Russia. Since ancient times they have been engaged in the cultivation of oats, hemp, rye, barley, buckwheat, carrots, onions, flax, turnips, hops and potatoes.
The number of Karelians in the Russian Federation is approximately 100 thousand people. The traditional crafts of the Karelians are weaving, hunting, fishing, embroidery, and reindeer herding. The national drink is turnip kvass.
There are 637 thousand Udmurts in our country. The national clothes of this people are very bright and painted. However, in holidays Udmurts wear exclusively white outfits. The territory where the Udmurts live is perfect for growing all types of grains, so this activity is predominant here.
The Khanty and Mansi are representatives of the peoples of the North. The first nationality consists of 21 thousand representatives, and the second - of only 7.6 thousand.
Caucasian group
This group included representatives of the peoples of Dagestan, Ingush, Chechens, Georgians, and Kabardians.
The Ingush number 411 thousand people, whose main occupation is agriculture, growing grapes, tea, honey production, and gardening. In addition, horse and cattle breeding is common.
The number of Chechens is more than 1 million 300 thousand people. They live in villages and eat wheat stew, home-made bread, corn porridge, urek and shish kebab. They are engaged in the production of carpets, shoes and clothing, cloth and felt. 
More than half a million Kabardians live in our country. The etiquette of communication between older and younger generations, women and men is preserved here. From time immemorial, Kabardian men have been considered excellent warriors; national clothing contains many devices for carrying weapons and ammunition. Women's clothing distinguished by long, closed dresses and high headdresses.
There are 131 thousand Georgians in the Russian Federation. Positive features Their character is hospitality, friendliness, tact and tolerance.
Welcome to Russia!!!
The abundance of different nations and nationalities living on the territory of Russia largely depends on the history of its formation. Since ancient times, Scythians lived in this territory. Also, part of modern Russia was occupied. In the Volga region and North Caucasus Khazars lived, and in the Kama region - Bulgars. Old Russian was formed from the tribes of the Krivichi, Drevlyans, Slovenians, Vyatichi, and Northerners. Finno-Ugric peoples also influenced its development. Thus, ancient Russian state was multinational from the very beginning of its existence.The most common, after, are the Tatars. They live in the Volga region and Crimea. Mordovians and Mari also live there. The Bashkirs live in the central part of Russia. The western part of the country is inhabited by the Chuvash, Siberia by the Yakuts, Altaians and Khakass, the west of the region by the Buryats, Khanty and Mansi, and the east by the Evenks. In the Far North, Chukchi, Aleuts, in the north-west of the country - Karelians. The Caucasus is occupied by Kabardians, Circassians, Lezgins, Chechens, Ingush, Adygs, and Ossetians. Kalmyks live in the Caspian region.
The most numerous form autonomous republics and districts. There are 22 of them in total: Udmurtia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, Chuvashia, Tatarstan, Mordovia, Karelia, Yakutia, Khakassia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan, Komi, Adygea, North Ossetia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Tuva, Buryatia, Mari-El, Bashkiria, Altai , Kalmykia, Crimea. There are 5 autonomous okrugs in Russia: Khanty-Mansiysk, Chukotka, Nenets, Crimean and Yamalo-Nenets. Also, some settlements and geographical objects in Russia are named by the names of nationalities - for example, the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.