In the world of Naruto, two years flew by unnoticed. Former newcomers joined the ranks of experienced shinobi at the rank of chunin and jonin. The main characters did not sit still - each became a student of one of the legendary Sannin - the three great ninjas of Konoha. The guy in orange continued his training with the wise but eccentric Jiraiya, gradually ascending to a new level of combat skill. Sakura became the assistant and confidant of the healer Tsunade, the new leader of the Leaf Village. Well, Sasuke, whose pride led to his expulsion from Konoha, entered into a temporary alliance with the sinister Orochimaru, and each believes that they are only using the other for the time being.
The brief respite ended, and events once again rushed with hurricane speed. In Konoha, the seeds of old strife sown by the first Hokage are sprouting again. The mysterious Akatsuki leader has set in motion a plan for world domination. There is turmoil in the Sand Village and neighboring countries, old secrets are resurfacing everywhere, and it is clear that someday the bills will have to be paid. The long-awaited continuation of the manga inspired new life into the series and new hope into the hearts of countless fans!
© Hollow, World Art
Swordsman Tatsumi, a simple boy from the countryside, goes to the Capital to earn money for his starving village.
And when he gets there, he soon learns that the great and beautiful Capital is just an appearance. The city is mired in corruption, cruelty and lawlessness that comes from the Prime Minister, who rules the country from behind the scenes.
But as everyone knows, “Alone in the field is no warrior,” and nothing can be done about it, especially when your enemy is the head of state, or more precisely, the one who hides behind him.
Will Tatsumi find like-minded people and be able to change something? Watch and find out for yourself.
Fairy Tail is a Guild of Hired Wizards, famous throughout the world for its crazy antics. The young sorceress Lucy was sure that, having become one of its members, she had found herself in the most wonderful Guild in the world... until she met her comrades - the explosive fire-breathing and sweeping away everything in his path Natsu, the flying talking cat Happy, the exhibitionist Gray , the boring berserker Elsa, the glamorous and loving Loki... Together they will have to defeat many enemies and experience many unforgettable adventures!
18-year-old Sora and 11-year-old Shiro are half-brother and sister, complete recluses and gambling addicts. When two loneliness met, the indestructible union “Empty Space” was born, terrifying all Eastern gamers. Although in public the boys are shaken and distorted in ways that are not childish, on the Internet little Shiro is a genius of logic, and Sora is a monster of psychology who cannot be deceived. Alas, worthy opponents soon ran out, which is why Shiro was so happy about the chess game, where the master’s handwriting was visible from the first moves. Having won to the limit of their strength, the heroes received an interesting offer - to move to another world, where their talents will be understood and appreciated!
Why not? In our world, nothing holds Sora and Shiro, and the cheerful world of Disboard is ruled by the Ten Commandments, the essence of which boils down to one thing: no violence and cruelty, all disagreements are resolved in fair play. There are 16 races living in the game world, of which the human race is considered the weakest and most untalented. But the miracle guys are already here, in their hands is the crown of Elquia - the only country of people, and we believe that the successes of Sora and Shiro will not be limited to this. The Earth's envoys just need to unite all the races of Disbord - and then they will be able to challenge the god Tet - by the way, an old friend of theirs. But if you think about it, is it worth doing?
© Hollow, World Art
Fairy Tail is a Guild of Hired Wizards, famous throughout the world for its crazy antics. The young sorceress Lucy was sure that, having become one of its members, she had found herself in the most wonderful Guild in the world... until she met her comrades - the explosive fire-breathing and sweeping away everything in his path Natsu, the flying talking cat Happy, the exhibitionist Gray , the boring berserker Elsa, the glamorous and loving Loki... Together they will have to defeat many enemies and experience many unforgettable adventures!
University student Kaneki Ken ends up in a hospital as a result of an accident, where he is mistakenly transplanted with the organs of one of the ghouls - monsters that feed on human flesh. Now he himself becomes one of them, and for people he turns into an outcast subject to destruction. But can he become one of the other ghouls? Or is there no more room for him in the world now? This anime will tell about the fate of Kaneki and the impact he will have on the future of Tokyo, where there is a continuous war between two species.
The continent that lies in the center of the Ignola ocean is the large central one and four more - Southern, Northern, Eastern and Western, and the gods themselves look after it, and it is called Ente Isla.
And there is a name that plunges anyone on Ente Isla into Horror - the Lord of Darkness Mao.
He's the boss other world where all the dark creatures live.
He is the embodiment of fear and horror.
The Lord of Darkness Mao declared war on the human race and sowed death and destruction throughout the continent of Ente Isla.
The Lord of Darkness was served by 4 powerful generals.
Adramelech, Lucifer, Alciel and Malacoda.
The four Demon Generals led the attack on the 4 parts of the continent. However, a hero appeared and spoke out against the army of the underworld. The hero and his comrades defeated the troops of the Lord of Darkness in the west, then Adramelech in the north and Malacoda in the south. The hero led the united army of the human race and launched an attack on the central continent where the castle of the Lord of Darkness stood...
Yato is a wandering Japanese god in the form of a thin, blue-eyed youth in a tracksuit. In Shintoism, the power of a deity is determined by the number of believers, but our hero has no temple, no priests, all donations fit into a sake bottle. The guy in the neckerchief works as a handyman, painting advertisements on the walls, but things are going very badly. Even the tongue-in-cheek Mayu, who worked as a shinki—Yato’s Sacred Weapon—for many years, left her master. And without weapons, the younger god is no stronger than an ordinary mortal magician; he has to (what a shame!) hide from evil spirits. And who needs such a celestial being anyway?
One day, a pretty high school girl, Hiyori Iki, threw herself under a truck to save some guy in black. It ended badly - the girl did not die, but gained the ability to “leave” her body and walk on the “other side.” Having met Yato there and recognizing the culprit of her troubles, Hiyori convinced the homeless god to heal her, for he himself admitted that no one can live long between worlds. But, having gotten to know each other better, Iki realized that the current Yato did not have enough strength to solve her problem. Well, you need to take matters into your own hands and personally guide the tramp on the right path: first, find a weapon for the unlucky one, then help him earn money, and then, you see, what happens. It’s not for nothing that they say: what a woman wants, God wants!
© Hollow, World Art
There are many dormitories at Suimei University Arts High School, and there is also the Sakura Apartment House. While hostels have strict rules, everything is possible at Sakura, which is why its local nickname is “madhouse.” Since in art genius and madness are always somewhere nearby, the inhabitants of the “cherry orchard” are talented and interesting guys who are too far out of the “swamp”. Take, for example, the noisy Misaki, who sells her own anime to major studios, her friend and playboy screenwriter Jin, or the reclusive programmer Ryunosuke, who communicates with the world only via the Internet and telephone. Compared to them, the main character Sorata Kanda is a simpleton who ended up in a “psychiatric hospital” just for... loving cats!
Therefore, Chihiro-sensei, the head of the hostel, instructed Sorata, as the only sane guest, to meet his cousin Mashiro, who transfers to their school from distant Britain. The fragile blonde seemed like a real bright angel to Kanda. True, at a party with new neighbors, the guest behaved stiffly and said little, but the newly minted admirer attributed everything to understandable stress and fatigue from the road. Only real stress awaited Sorata in the morning when he went to wake up Mashiro. The hero realized with horror that his new friend - great artist absolutely out of this world, that is, she’s not even able to dress herself! And the insidious Chihiro is right there - from now on, Kanda will forever look after her sister, because the guy has already practiced on cats!
© Hollow, World Art
in the 21st world community finally managed to systematize the art of magic and raise it to new level. Those who are able to use magic after completing the ninth grade in Japan are now welcome in magic schools - but only if applicants pass the exam. The quota for admission to the First School (Hachioji, Tokyo) is 200 students, the best hundred are enrolled in the first department, the rest are in the reserve, in the second, and teachers are assigned only to the first hundred, “Flowers”. The rest, the “Weeds,” learn on their own. At the same time, there is always an atmosphere of discrimination in the school, because even the forms of both departments are different.
Shiba Tatsuya and Miyuki were born 11 months apart, making them the same year in school. Upon entering the First School, the sister finds herself among the Flowers, and the brother among the Weeds: despite excellent theoretical knowledge, practical part it's not easy for him.
In general, we are waiting for the study of a mediocre brother and an exemplary sister, as well as their new friends - Chiba Erika, Saijo Leonhart (or just Leo) and Shibata Mizuki - at the school of magic, quantum physics, the Tournament of Nine Schools and much more...
© Sa4ko aka Kiyoso
The "Seven Deadly Sins", once great warriors revered by the British. But one day, they are accused of trying to overthrow the monarchs and killing a warrior from the Holy Knights. Subsequently, the Holy Knights stage a coup d'état and seize power into their own hands. And the “Seven Deadly Sins”, now outcasts, scattered throughout the kingdom, in all directions. Princess Elizabeth was able to escape from the castle. She decides to go in search of Meliodas, the leader of the Seven Sins. Now all seven must unite again to prove their innocence and avenge their expulsion.
2021 An unknown virus "Gastrea" came to earth and destroyed almost all of humanity in a matter of days. But this is not just a virus like some kind of Ebola or Plague. He doesn't kill a person. Gastrea is an intelligent infection that rearranges DNA, turning the host into a terrible monster.
The war began and eventually 10 years passed. People have found a way to isolate themselves from the infection. The only thing that Gastrea cannot tolerate is a special metal - Varanium. It was from this that people built huge monoliths and surrounded Tokyo with them. It seemed that now the few survivors could live behind the monoliths in peace, but alas, the threat has not gone away. Gastrea is still waiting for the right moment to infiltrate Tokyo and destroy the few remnants of humanity. There is no hope. The extermination of people is only a matter of time. But the terrible virus also had another effect. There are those who are already born with this virus in their blood. These children, the "Cursed Children" (Exclusively girls) have superhuman strength and regeneration. In their bodies, the spread of the virus is many times slower than in the body ordinary person. Only they can resist the creatures of “Gastrea” and humanity has nothing more to count on. Will our heroes be able to save the remaining living people and find a cure for the terrifying virus? Watch and find out for yourself.
The story in Steins,Gate takes place a year after the events of Chaos,Head.
The game's intense story takes place partly in the realistically recreated Akahibara district, a famous otaku shopping destination in Tokyo. The plot is as follows: a group of friends installs a device in Akihibara to send text messages to the past. A mysterious organization called SERN is interested in the experiments of the game's heroes, which is also engaged in its own research in the field of time travel. And now friends have to make enormous efforts to avoid being captured by SERN.
© Hollow, World Art
Added Episode 23β, which serves as an alternate ending and lead-up to the sequel in SG0.
Thirty thousand players from Japan and many more from around the world suddenly found themselves locked in the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Legend of the Ancients. On the one hand, gamers were transported to new world physically, the illusion of reality turned out to be almost flawless. On the other hand, the “arrivals” retained their previous avatars and acquired skills, user interface and leveling system, and death in the game only led to resurrection in the cathedral of the nearest large city. Realizing that there was no great goal, and no one named the price for exit, the players began to flock together - some to live and rule by the law of the jungle, others - to resist lawlessness.
Shiroe and Naotsugu, in the world a student and a clerk, in the game - a cunning magician and a powerful warrior, have known each other for a long time from the legendary “Mad Tea Party” guild. Alas, those days are gone forever, but in the new reality you can meet old acquaintances and just good guys with whom you will not be bored. And most importantly, “Legends” appeared in the world indigenous people, which considers aliens to be great and immortal heroes. Involuntarily, you want to become a kind of knight of the Round Table, beating dragons and saving girls. Well, there are plenty of girls around, monsters and robbers too, and for relaxation there are cities like hospitable Akiba. The main thing is that you shouldn’t die in the game, it’s much more correct to live like a human being!
© Hollow, World Art
In the world of Hunter x Hunter, there is a class of people called Hunters who, using psychic powers and trained in all manner of fighting, explore the wild corners of the mostly civilized world. Main character, a young man named Gon (Gun), the son of the great Hunter himself. His father mysteriously disappeared many years ago, and now, having grown up, Gon (Gong) decides to follow in his footsteps. Along the way he finds several companions: Leorio, an ambitious medical doctor whose goal is to get rich. Kurapika is the only survivor of his clan, whose goal is revenge. Killua is the heir to a family of assassins whose goal is training. Together they achieve their goal and become Hunters, but this is only the first step on their long journey... And ahead is the story of Killua and his family, the story of Kurapika’s revenge and of course training, new tasks and adventures! The series stopped with Kurapika's revenge... What awaits us next after all these years?
The ghoul race has existed since time immemorial. Its representatives are not at all against people, they even love them - mainly in their raw form. Lovers of human flesh are outwardly indistinguishable from us, strong, fast and tenacious - but there are few of them, so ghouls have developed strict rules for hunting and camouflage, and violators are punished themselves or quietly handed over to fighters against evil spirits. In the age of science, people know about ghouls, but as they say, they are used to it. The authorities do not consider cannibals a threat; moreover, they view them as an ideal basis for creating super-soldiers. Experiments have been going on for a long time...
The main character Ken Kaneki faces a painful search for a new path, because he realized that people and ghouls are similar: it’s just that some literally eat each other, others figuratively. The truth of life is cruel, it cannot be changed, and the one who does not turn away is strong. And then somehow!
The action takes place in an alternate reality where the existence of demons has long been recognized; There is even an island in the Pacific Ocean - “Itogamijima”, where demons are full citizens and have equal rights with people. However, there are also human magicians who hunt them, in particular, vampires. An ordinary Japanese schoolboy named Akatsuki Kojou for some unknown reason turned into a “purebred vampire”, the fourth in number. He begins to be followed by a young girl, Himeraki Yukina, or "blade shaman", who is supposed to monitor Akatsuki and kill him if he gets out of control.
The story tells of a young man named Saitama, who lives in a world ironically similar to ours. He is 25, bald and handsome, and, moreover, so strong that with one blow he can annihilate all dangers to humanity. He is looking for himself in a difficult way life path, simultaneously handing out slaps to monsters and villains.
Now you have to play the game. What kind of game it will be will be decided by roulette. The bet in the game will be your life. After death, people who died at the same time go to Queen Decim, where they have to play a game. But in fact, what is happening to them here is the Heavenly Judgment.
IN European countries, as in the rest of the world, a person’s identity has been identified for many centuries by his name. An example is the son of God Jesus himself, who was named Emmanuel at birth and then called Yeshua. The need to distinguish different people with the same name required explanatory additions. This is how the Savior began to be called Jesus of Nazareth.
When did the Germans get surnames?
German surnames arose according to the same principle as in other countries. Their formation among the peasantry of various lands continued until the 19th century, that is, it coincided in time with the completion of state construction. The formation of a united Germany required a clearer and more unambiguous definition of who is who.
However, already in the 12th century, nobility existed on the territory of the current Federal Republic of Germany, and it was then that German surnames. As in other European countries, patronymics are not used for personal identification here. But at birth, a baby is usually given two names. You can address any person by adding a word indicating their gender. Women's German surnames are no different from men's, they just use the prefix “Frau” in front of them.
Types of German surnames
According to linguistic origin, German surnames can be divided into groups. The first and most common is formed from names, mostly male. This is explained by the fact that the mass assignment of surnames occurred in a fairly short period (in historical sense) period, and there was simply no time for the manifestation of any sophisticated imagination.
Surnames derived from given names
The simplest of them are those in the creation of which they did not think for a long time, but simply formed them on behalf of their first owner. Some peasant's name was Walter, and his descendants received that surname. We also have Ivanovs, Sidorovs and Petrovs, and their origin is similar to the German Johannes, Peters or Hermanns. From the point of view of historical background, such popular German surnames say little, except that some ancient ancestor was called Peters.
Profession as a morphological basis of a surname
German surnames are somewhat less common, indicating the professional affiliation of their first owner, one might say, the ancestor. But the diversity of this group is much wider. The most famous surname in it is Müller, which means “miller” in translation. The English equivalent is Miller, and in Russia or Ukraine it is Melnik, Melnikov or Melnichenko.
The famous composer Richard Wagner could assume that one of his ancestors was engaged in freight transportation on his own cart, the ancestor of the storyteller Hoffmann owned his own farm yard, and the great-grandfather of the pianist Richter was a judge. The Schneiders and Schroeders once did tailoring, and the Singers loved to sing. There are other interesting German male surnames. The list continues with Fischer (fisherman), Becker (baker), Bauer (peasant), Weber (weaver), Zimmerman (carpenter), Schmidt (blacksmith) and many others.
Once upon a time during the war there was a Gauleiter Koch, the same one who was blown up by underground partisans. Translated, his surname means “cook.” Yes, he made some porridge...
Surnames as a description of appearance and character
Some male and possibly female German surnames are derived from the appearance or character of their first owner. For example, the word “lange” means “long” in translation, and it can be assumed that its original founder was tall, for which he received such a nickname. Klein (little) is his complete opposite. Krause means “curly”; such an attractive feature of the hair of some Frau who lived a couple of centuries ago can be inherited. Fuchs' ancestors were most likely as cunning as foxes. The ancestors of Weiss, Brown or Schwartz were, respectively, blonde, brown-haired or brunette. The Hartmans were distinguished by excellent health and strength.
Slavic origin of German surnames
The German lands in the east always bordered on and this created conditions for the mutual penetration of cultures. Well-known German surnames with the endings “-itz”, “-ov”, “-of”, “-ek”, “-ke” or “-ski” have a distinct Russian or Polish origin.
Lützow, Disterhoff, Dennitz, Modrow, Janke, Radecki and many others have long become familiar, and their total share is one fifth of the total number of German surnames. In Germany they are perceived as one of their own.
The same applies to the ending “-er”, which comes from the word “yar”, meaning a person in the Old Slavic language. A painter, a carpenter, a fisherman, a baker are obvious examples of such cases.
During the period of Germanization, many similar surnames were simply translated into German, choosing the appropriate roots or replacing the ending with “-er”, and now nothing reminds of the Slavic origin of their owners (Smolyar - Smoler, Sokolov - Sokol - Falk).
Background Barons
There are very beautiful German surnames, consisting of two parts: the main and a prefix, usually “von” or “der”. They contain information not only about unique appearance features, but also about famous historical events in which the owners of these nicknames took part, sometimes actively. Therefore, descendants are proud of such names and often remember their ancestors when they want to emphasize their own birth. Walter von der Vogelweid - it sounds! Or von Richthoffen, pilot and "Red Baron".
However, it is not only past glory that causes such complications in writing. The origin of German surnames can be much more prosaic and talk about the area in which the person was born. What, for example, does Dietrich von Bern mean? Everything is clear: his ancestors came from the capital of Switzerland.
German surnames of Russian people
Germans have lived in Russia since pre-Petrine times, populating entire areas called “settlements” according to ethnic principles. However, then all Europeans were called that way, but under the great reformer emperor the influx of immigrants from German lands was encouraged in every possible way. The process gained momentum during the reign of Catherine the Great.
German colonists settled in the Volga region (Saratov and Tsaritsin provinces), as well as in Novorossiya. Big number Lutherans later accepted Orthodoxy and assimilated, but they retained their German surnames. For the most part, they are the same as those worn by settlers who came to the Russian Empire during the 16th-18th centuries, with the exception of those cases when the clerks who prepared the documents made clerical errors and mistakes.
Surnames considered Jewish
Rubinstein, Hoffman, Aizenstein, Weisberg, Rosenthal and many other names of citizens Russian Empire, the USSR and post-Soviet countries are mistakenly considered Jewish by many. This is wrong. However, there is some truth in this statement.
The fact is that Russia, starting from the end of the 17th century, became a country where every enterprising and hard-working person could find their place in life. There was enough work for everyone, new cities were built at an accelerated pace, especially in Novorossiya, which had been conquered from Ottoman Empire. It was then that Nikolaev, Ovidiopol, Kherson and, of course, the pearl of the south of Russia - Odessa - appeared on the map.
Extremely favorable economic conditions were created for foreigners coming to the country, as well as for its own citizens who wished to develop new lands, and political stability, supported by the military power of the regional leader, guaranteed that this situation would last for a long time.
Currently, Lustdorf (Jolly Village) has become one of the Odessa suburbs, and then it was a German colony, the main occupation of whose residents was agriculture, mainly viticulture. They also knew how to brew beer here.
Jews, famous for their business savvy, trading spirit and craft skills, also did not remain indifferent to the call of the Russian Empress Catherine. In addition, musicians, artists and other artists of this nationality came from Germany. Most of them had German surnames, and they spoke Yiddish, which in essence is one of the dialects of the German language.
At that time there was a “Pale of Settlement”, which, however, outlined a fairly large and not the worst part of the empire. In addition to the Black Sea region, Jews chose many areas of the current Kyiv region, Bessarabia and other fertile lands, building small towns. It is also important that living outside the Pale of Settlement was mandatory only for those Jews who remained faithful to Judaism. Having converted to Orthodoxy, everyone could settle in any part of the vast country.
Thus, immigrants from Germany of two nationalities became bearers of German surnames.
Unusual German surnames
In addition to the indicated groups of German surnames, derived from professions, hair color, and appearance features, there is one more, rare, but wonderful. And she talks about the glorious qualities of character, good disposition and fun for which the ancestors of the person bearing this name were famous. An example is Alisa Freundlich, who worthily confirms the reputation of her ancestors. “Kind”, “friendly” - this is how this German surname is translated.
Or Neumann. " New person" - isn’t it beautiful? How great it is to delight those around you, and yourself, every day with freshness and novelty!
Or economic Wirtz. Or Luther with pure thoughts and an open heart. Or Jung is young, regardless of the number of years he has lived.
Such interesting German surnames, the list of which can be continued endlessly!
In today's episode of the program we will talk about what the prefix “von” means before German surnames, whether the title of nobility exists in Germany today and what privileges it gives to its owner.
For lovers of long-distance reception next issue DH rubrics.
So, your letters.
Hello, dear employees of Deutsche Welle! Regular listener Svetlana Zagreshchenko writes to you.
First of all, I want to thank you for sending me the German textbooks. This is truly a great help in learning the language.
I recently came to Germany under the au-pair program and now I live with a German family and am learning German, as well as getting to know Germany. Thanks to your radio, I learn a lot about Germany and am always aware of current events, and now I have the opportunity to see everything with my own eyes.
And here is a letter from the city of Lebedin, Sumy region from Oleg Karpenko:
Hello. Dear editors of Deutsche Welle. Karpenko Oleg Nikolaevich writes to you. I've been listening to your programs for a long time. They help me a lot in my work. I work as a German language teacher. My students also like your programs. With their help, children learn new material better. They really like the idea of Eh, they really want to know what happens next. And thanks to the “Additional German Lesson” program, students will learn a lot of new things about Germany. Thank you for your “Wave”! I wish you to continue to work with the same enthusiasm and that you have more listeners every day!
Many thanks to you and your students, Oleg! We wish you success in learning German!
Leonid Matyupatenko from the Moldovan city of Chisinau - our regular radio listener, this is what he writes:
...I am 41 years old. I am a doctor of economics. I am interested in management and marketing. I have been listening to your programs with interest for twenty years now. On the air, I recognize your program by the voices of your announcers and program hosts. I especially like your programs about classical music on Mondays, the only pity is that the duration of the program only 15 minutes. “The Reading Room” is a good program, and, of course, “The Market and the People.”
I would really like to hear about events in Moldova and Transnistria in particular in your programs, in the news at least sometimes. Agree, you rarely talk about Moldova, and the region is quite interesting. Wish you all the best. We are interested and need your programs.
Vladimir Gudzenko from the Moscow region writes:
I always listen to your programs with great pleasure. And in the library computer room, having gained access to the Internet, the first thing I do every time is try to get to your virtual page. It’s very gratifying that the texts of your programs can sometimes be read there even before they are aired!
German history, international politics, the cultural life of modern Germany - these are just some of the topics that interest me and are covered in your programs. I am also very interested in the German media's coverage of events taking place in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union. Very interesting, in particular, are the messages from your Moscow correspondent Anatoly Dotsenko...
A Igor Disumabaev from Tashkent thanks for the materials received - printouts of the texts of the desired programs, asks to send the next ones, wishes us not to get sick and work.. Thank you, Igor, we will try!
Next letter from Kyiv from Sergei Satsyk(I hope I pronounce it correctly):
I really like the Deutsche Welle programs that Lately became especially good. Most of all I like the program “Culture Today”. Particularly noteworthy was the broadcast about the Bayreuth Wagner Festival, which interested me in a new perspective on classical German music.
Another resident of Kyiv shares the same opinion. N. Guseletova(unfortunately, you did not write your full name). Thank you for your interest in Deutsche Welle programs.
We received the following letter by email. Eleonora Dobrinevskaya from Belarus writes to us in German. We translated it for our listeners:
I'm delighted, hello! Your new Internet page is top class! I want to say that I am delighted that Germany said “no” to the war in Iraq! I wish Germany a happy future and always be a strong country.
Our radio listener from the Russian city of Rtishchev Bondarev K.(unfortunately, I don’t know your full name) writes:
I started listening to you recently, but I am convinced that you are the best radio station. The only thing I don't like is the timing of your broadcast. Why don't you go on air during the day from 12 to 18? It would be great! I really like the program “Pages of History”. I especially love the programs: “Mailbox”, “COOL”, “Weekend”.
Angelina Badaeva from Moscow thanks for the German lessons, which she finds very interesting and educational:
When I first tuned in to Deutsche Welle, I was very happy, and when I found out that there were also German lessons, I immediately programmed the Wave’s broadcast frequency, and now it turns on automatically. Additional lessons are interesting because you can get to know better the habits of the Germans, their culture, get acquainted with their manner of behavior, etc. I like it since childhood German and the Germans in general, I am amazed by their neatness, politeness, and friendliness. They are wonderful role models!
Basil Ivanovich Kuts from the city of Zhitomir, he once served in the GDR in an aviation division near Berlin and has been listening to our broadcasts for more than 15 years. Vasily Ivanovich addressed us with the following question:
“Are there any noble titles left in Germany, for example, Baron von Straube, and what does the prefix “von” mean? I asked Elizabeth Wiebe to answer this question.
Nobility in Germany
First, about the meaning of the word “background”. This is, in the grammatical sense, an ordinary preposition indicating a starting point in space or a starting geographical point. Der Zug von Berlin – (train from Berlin). Der König von Schweden (King of Sweden), der Präsident von Russland (President of Russia). When combined with a surname, von means a title of nobility.
It seems to me that the title of nobility in our time does not play any role. Legally, it is part of the name, just like the Doctor of Science degree. But if you compare, Dr. Mayer means high professional qualifications. When applying for a job, a doctor will be given preference over a non-doctor. What does the prefix “background” do? If von so-and-so has not achieved anything in life, then the title of nobility will not improve his position in society. An example is our Cologne street musician Klaus der Geiger - Klaus the violinist. He is of noble blood. He has a vagabond lifestyle. Almost homeless.
- Yes you are right. People of noble origin in Germany can be found in any profession. The nobles no longer have privileges. They were abolished more than eighty years ago, after the First World War. Then the Constitution of the country stated that all people are equal from birth. Before this, for many centuries the nobles were a privileged class. In the 16th century, under Kaiser Charles the Fifth, in addition to the family aristocracy, nobility appeared, granted a charter from the king or the Kaiser. Among the ancient hereditary families, such nobility was considered unreal, second-class. And since 1919 in Germany, the title of nobility cannot be granted.
But can you buy this noble console for yourself? Sometimes something like this appears in the press.
- Buying does not mean that you pay someone and receive a certificate. A man who wants to become a nobleman must find someone who will adopt him, that is, he will live under the name of his adoptive father, albeit a noble one, but someone else’s. Adopting an adult is a complex procedure, and the nobility is false, even if everything is legally correct.
I think this is rare.
-Yes, it happens much more often that representatives of ancient aristocratic families do not advertise their high origins. For example, a prominent politician from the Free Democratic Liberal Party, Hermann Otto Solms, is actually Prince zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich. The real name of the scholar-historian Dominik Lieven is Dominik Prince von Lieven, but “prince” and “von,” his graduate students say, Professor Lieven calls “unmodern nonsense (unzeitgemäßer Unfug).” Another representative of this genus, a biologist, insists that he be named Alexander Prince von Lieven.
Well. If such a name, such a surname. I think it sounds beautiful. And since you have inherited a noble surname from your ancestors, then wear it with honor, so that it is not shameful to pass it on to your children and grandchildren. Do the descendants of the last German Kaiser still live in Germany?
- Yes. This big family. Even a few families that don't get along very well. Prince Georg Friedrich of Prussia recently made headlines due to the fact that he sold at auction 17 thousand items from the Kaiser's heritage: porcelain, silver. He needs the money to pay inheritance tax to the financial department. After the death of his grandfather, Georg (he was 26 years old) became the head of the House of Hohenzollern and the main heir. But he must pay a share of the inheritance to six relatives - uncles and aunts. By the way, the potential Kaiser is studying at the university and his fellow students simply call him Georg, and not “Highness.”
To summarize: the noble prefix in Germany is part of the surname, it does not give privileges, the title of nobility - unlike England - is no longer assigned to anyone. Nevertheless, the descendants of nobles are often rightfully proud of their ancestors and their surname. Thanks for the information, Elizabeth Wiebe.
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Family prefixes - in some world nominal formulas, components and integral parts of the surname.
Sometimes they indicate aristocratic origin, but not always. They are usually written separately from the main family word, but sometimes merge with it.
Use in various countries
England
- Fitz - "son anyone", Anglo-Norman fitz(eg: Fitzgerald, Fitzpatrick)
Arab countries
- al (ar, as, at, ash) - indicates where a person comes from (صدام حسين التكريتي saddam husayn at-tikritiy"Saddam Hussein of Tikrit")
- abu - father - abu-Mazen (father of Mazen)
- ibn - son - ibn-Khottab (son of Hottab)
- Haji is an honorary title for a Muslim who has made a pilgrimage to Mecca
Armenia
- Ter or Turn - [տեր] կամ Տերն, in the ancient Armenian original tears(Armenian տեարն), “lord”, “lord”, “master”. For example: Ter-Petrosyan (Armenian: Տեր-Պետրոսյան).
- Nor - [Նոր], an uncommon form of prefix in Armenian surnames.
Germany
- von and other options (von der, von dem, vom, von und zu, von und zum, vom und zum, von zu, von und zu der, von in der) (for example: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) Belonging to the nobility, aristocracy, ancient family.
- tsu and other options (tsur, tsum, tsu in) (for example: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg)
- in and other options (in der, im)
- an der, am
- auf and other options (auf der)
- aus and other options (aus dem)
Israel
- Ben - (Hebrew בן - son) (for example: David Ben-Gurion)
- Bar - same
Spain
- de - (for example: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra)
Italy
- della
Netherlands
- van is a particle that sometimes forms a prefix to Dutch surnames derived from the name of a locality; often it is written together with the surname itself. Corresponding in grammatical meaning to the German particle “von” (von), Dutch (van) cannot, however, be considered, like the first, a sign of noble origin. [Those Dutch names with the prefix Van, Van de, etc. which are not included in the number of words beginning with the syllable Van should be searched under the letters with which the name itself begins.]
- van de
- van den
- van der
- van ten
Portugal
As in Galicia, Spain, France and other countries that arose after the collapse of the Roman Empire, in Portugal and the Portuguese-speaking countries the family prefix de is an identifier of noble birth:
- de ( de) - Gomes Freire de Andrade
- du ( do) m.r. units h.
- Yes ( da) and. R. units Part - Vasco da Gama
- shower ( dos) m.r. pl. h.
- dash ( das) and. R. pl. h.
France
In France, surname prefixes denote noble origin. Translated into Russian, the prefixes mean Genitive, “from” or “…skiy”. For example, Cesar de Vendôme is the Duke of Vendôme or Vendôme. For example: d'Artagnan means that the person bearing this surname is a nobleman from Artagnan.
The most common prefixes:
- if the surname begins with a consonant:
- affairs
- de la
- if the surname begins with a vowel:
- de l".
Ireland and Scotland
- O" means “grandson.” For example, O’Reilly, O’Hara, etc.
- Mac - meaning "son" - in Irish and Scottish surnames usually indicates their origin. In most cases in Russian it is written with a hyphen, but there are exceptions. So, for example, it is generally accepted continuous writing such names as MacDonald, McDowell, Macbeth, McGonaggle, McCoy, McLuhan and others. General rule does not exist, and the spelling is individual in each case.
Others
- Yep (Arab countries)
- af (Sweden)
- Al (Arab countries)
- Be (Finland)
- bey, bek, ben (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
- Bet (Assyria), Bet Mushul
- yes, dalla, de, della, del, degli, di (Italy)
- da, di, dos, dos, dos (Portugal, Brazil)
- Zadeh, Dhul (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
- kyzy (Azerbaijan; at the end of the name)
- ogly (Azerbaijan; at the end of the name
- ool (Tuvian language), means "son"
- Ol (Arab countries)
- Pasha (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
- Ul (Arab countries)
- khan (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
- ol (Arab countries; at the end of a surname)
- Shah (Arab countries; at the end of the surname)
- Ed (Arab countries)
- el (Arab countries; at the end of a surname)
- ES (Arab countries)
and nobility Religious Historical Pseudonym Jurisprudence Customs See also
| Forms of address (personal name diminutive name patronymic middle name surname family prefix pseudonym): origin and use | |
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What does the prefix "pro" (cm) mean?
pro-Ukrainian, pro-Russian, pro-American and many many other options.
What exactly does it mean?
Natalya100
Everyone famous expressions"pro" and "contra" came to modern language from ancient Latin meaning “for” and “against” respectively, without losing its original meaning.
Depending on which part of speech the prefix “pro” is added to, the meaning of the formed words and phrases also changes. About-communist, about American, about-presidential - denotes lobbying and commitment to the concepts that this prefix accompanies. IN in this case the prefix is used as an antonym for the word “anti.” The political connotation of words with this prefix depends on its use.
When added to verbs, the prefix denotes the direction of action.
When added to nouns, this prefix can indicate a position between something: about gap, about street
There are also ancient Greek roots “pro” - meaning “before”.
Then the prefix “pro” can denote the initial stage of a process that precedes something: about greenery, about seventh or previous stage of development of organisms - about echidna
Many new and fashionable cases of newly formed (neologisms) words with “about” have appeared, denoting supremacy, leadership, priority: about news, about biotics.
The above adjectives use the prefix PRO of Latin origin - pro. In Latin it meant something like FOR, FOR, FORWARD. Now it is used in adjectives to give them the meaning of a sign approving something, as in the words PRO-American, PRO-Russian and others. It can be used in two ways in nouns. As a separate morpheme, the prefix PRO is used to mean INSTEAD and, as a rule, forms nouns that denote something replacing, for example, PRO-rector, PRO-gymnasium. But more often this prefix is part of the root, that is, it loses its uniqueness as a morpheme and then we get the words PROTECTION, PROGRESS and others.
Vladimir
It came from Latin. In ancient Rome, in addition to procurators who were in charge of the economy, there were also Caesaris pro legato and legatus pro praetore. In general, there it corresponded to the prefix “for”. And later, some of the clericalisms remained in Latin.
Murochka striped
The prefix “pro” came into our language from Latin and it means “for”, “instead of”, “for”. For example: pro-American means for the Americans.
But there are also many words in which “about” is included in the root of the word.
What does the prefix mean?
The prefix is used in formation:
1. Nouns with meaning:
a) space near or along something (coast, seaside);
b) a set of objects characterized by an action named by the original word (growth).
2 Adjectives with meaning:
a) completed after what is indicated by the basis (post-reform);
b) characterizing productivity, measurability or distribution (income, alternate);
c) located, located near something (Volga region).
3. Verbs and means:
a) performing an action for some, often short, time (running);
b) strengthening the effect of any sign of quality, condition (increase);
c) beginning of action (run);
d) bringing the action to the desired limit (to fall in love);
e) bringing the action to its natural limit (turn purple).
4. An adverb with the adverbial meaning of place and time (everywhere, in the morning).
What does the prefix "pro-" mean? For example, PRO-American agent.
Dr Morgan
The prefix pro-, tied to phenomena negatively assessed by the official ideology, introduces the signified into the field of negative assessment.
The prefix of Latin origin pro- in the first half of the 20th century. showed little activity. For example, in Ushakov’s Dictionary only three derivative words with it are noted (pro-Japanese, pro-German, pro-fascist), and this prefix itself is characterized as follows: “Forms nouns and adjectives with the meaning: being a supporter, acting in the interests of someone, something.” In “New in Russian Lexicon-60” there are only two words with pro- (pro-imperialist, pro-Western); “New in Russian vocabulary-70” notes several of them (pro-Israeli, pro-Chinese, pro-colonialist, pro-NATO, pro-government, pro-junta). The prefix pro-, tied to phenomena negatively assessed by the official ideology, introduces the signified into the field of negative assessment. Therefore, with the word pro-communist in “New in Russian Lexicon-70”, an additional indication was needed about where this word is used: in the terminology of anti-communism: in other words, such a word can only be created by the enemies of communism.
The issue “New in Russian Lexicon-81” includes the word pro-Sovietism with an explanation: About support for the policies of the Soviet Union (a term of imperialist propaganda).
In the 1980s – 1990s, the evaluative component was eliminated from the semantics of the prefix pro-; it begins to connect with neutral words that do not express ideological assessment. Until the mid-1980s, this prefix was combined with adjectives based on the name of a country, party or nationality (pro-Israeli, pro-fascist, pro-German). Now the circle of its action has expanded and includes names of persons, including proper names, names of any processes (inflation, reforms), some other types of producers: pro-presidential, pro-Yeltsin, pro-government, pro-reform and pro-reformist, pro-inflationary, pro-Soviet, pro-Zionist, etc. Words like pro-market, pro-government can be used by supporters of different parties; they are devoid of ideological assessment.
Derivatives with the prefix act as antonyms for words with anti-: ...the government tried to return to a pro-inflationary policy in December–January. . Now anti-inflationary policy is not based on ideological beliefs. . .
Tatiana Lagunova
It means "positively disposed towards someone", "expressing someone's interests."
By the way, you gave an incorrect example: strictly speaking, it is impossible to express it the way you did it! You can, for example, say: “pro-American sentiments.” But an agent or spy can simply be “American” - without the prefix “pro”.
Tell me, who knows. What does the prefix “under” mean in the word substation, for example electrical?
What does the prefix “under” mean in the word substation, for example, electrical?
The prefix “under” in nouns gives them the meaning of representing a part of some whole, a department of some institution, for example, subdivision, subgroup, subclass, substation.
Indeed, the electrical station itself (representing a set of installations, equipment and apparatus used directly for the production of electrical energy, as well as the structures and buildings necessary for this, located in a certain territory) is a producer of electricity, and a substation, that is, an electrical installation intended to receive, transformation and distribution of electrical energy, consisting of transformers or other electrical energy converters, control devices, distribution and auxiliary devices, is only a link, a certain part of the chain in the production and distribution of electrical energy.
Rules for forming a historical pseudonym in Germany.
So. Many of the representatives of the respected Assembly of Reenactors, in order to better immerse themselves in the environment they are studying, come up with various “historical” names for themselves, on top of those on their passports. This is a sound idea, in my opinion. For if a reconstructor, being in the right detachment, turns to his neighbor: “Hey Vasya, give me a pike?” Or at a well-organized tournament with even some kind of ceremony, they call “knight Petya Pupkin” accepted the challenge of “knight Kolya Derevyashkinov”, then this still hurts the ear. It’s a completely different matter when a well-equipped squad of soldiers communicates with each other in the native commands of that era and in the language of that country. It’s always more pleasant to hear something like this in the ranks: “Klaus – you are responsible for the left flank! Take Ringe, Oswald Straube and Eugen and form a defensive line of the “gang” on the left.”
Or, for example: “Herr Obrist! Herr Alex von Kaln arrived with his retinue. Which plot should the knight be entrusted with?
And, it should be noted that many reenactors refuse modern names and use historical pseudonyms at festivals. This is good! Since all this (the format of field maneuvers, tournaments, festivals) is a game, such aspects make it more colorful.
However, if you take a closer look at the community, you can meet people who have created their own pseudonym, to put it mildly, incorrectly speaking. If you said that in those days, you could become a laughing stock)
That is why, so that such a moment of reconstruction as the NAME would also not be offended by science and common sense, I decided to write an article about how to make names. For now we will limit ourselves to medieval Germany.
Let's start with a simple class: peasants, burghers, soldiers, traders, etc... Everyone who was not a nobleman.
FIRST NAME LAST NAME
Everything is very simple - you need to choose a name from the names that actually existed at that time. Same with last name or nickname. It may not exist at all. There are a countless number of old German names. Google to the rescue: all sorts of Poles, Ottos, Oswalds, Heints, Dietrichs, etc... - it’s full there. Also, native name You can also stylize it to suit what you need. For example: Pavel - Paul; Dmitry - Dietrich, Dieter, Dietmar; Daniel - Daniel; Andrey - Andreas; Mikhail - Michael; Valery - Walter, etc..
If you need a surname, then you can do it simpler: look at what word makes up your surname and translate this word into German using an online translator.
EXAMPLE: surnames " KUZNETSOV"from the word BLACKSMITH- according to him. SHMITD!
or last name: " KASATKIN"from the word ORCA- in German Schwertwal.
Thus, a person with the full name Andrey Kasatkin can be represented in German as Andreas Schwertval ( Andreas Schwertwal) . It even sounds!
As a rule, among common people, the surname denoted their occupation: miller - müller; blacksmith - schmidt; mower - Mayer, etc... also the surname could be the father's name or formed from his name: Hans Oswald; Peter Ludwig, etc..
NICKNAME
For example, someone wants to be called and introduced not just by a stylized full name, but also by a special word that characterizes certain features of him.
That is, if the name of a certain tractor driver Vova Taburetkina nicknamed " THE VILLAIN
» try to transform it to the historical lad. The following will come out:
Name Vova- take something similar Voldemar;
surname Taburetkin (from the word stool), in German it will sound like Hocker (Hoke
)
popular nickname villain, translated will be - bösemann (Bözeman or Bözeman
) beat on the letter “e”
So here it is Vova Tubretkin “Villain” historically it can be named at festivals as:
Waldemar - Bözeman Hoke. Or Waldemar – Bözeman. Please note that if an adjective is used, such as " VICIOUS"then you need to add a prefix "Der" (DER
). And then Vova Zlobny turn into "Woldemar der Böse" and if with a surname, then " Waldemar der Böse Hoke" - it looks like some kind of Jap came out))))
By the way, the Germans usually write their NAME first, then their NICKNAME, and then their LAST NAME.
Of course, you don’t have to change your last name if you don’t want to. You can limit yourself to any other word: more complex: Wunderlicht; Brauhich; Steinnerbrener, etc..
NOBILITY
Now let's move on to a more complex, but so attractive topic for everyone - noble names and surnames.
The nobles have the same names as the common people. That is, we take old names in Germany of the desired period and select them.
Nicknames are the same.
But surnames are more complicated here. The main distinguishing mark of a nobleman from a commoner in Germany is the prefix " von"(« background
"). Literal translation background – "from". That is, from such and such.
Goetz von Berlinchingen this means - Goetz is from the Berlinchingen family, who own the territory called "Berlingchingen"
.
Or, Georg von Frundsberg – Georg of the Frundsberg family .
By the way, if you delve into their surnames, you can certainly break your head . (In Germany, by the way, there is one VERY serious book. It is kept in the archives of Baron Dayot von Gemingham and contains a list of all the noble families of Germany. We saw and looked at this book). For a person can bear one noble surname, but own a larger territory with a different name. So our friend Baron Dayo von Gemingen lives in the castle of the famous Goetz von Berlinhigen and is his relative.) Personally, I prefer to consult with experts in Germany on this topic if I don’t understand something myself.
Precocious nobles
I'll start with an example. There was this cool guy in northern Germany, “Marx Mayer,” who was never a nobleman, but was simply cool and lucky. So the King of England Henry VIII HIMSELF made him a Knight, giving him a chain of the knightly Order of the Garter. And upon returning to his Lübeck, he began to call himself nothing more than Herr (LORD) Marx Mayer.
That is, he could not have the prefix “FON”, because he did not have a noble family. If he had come to the Kaiser, the Kaiser would have given him “6” acres of land and given him “background”. However, this did not happen, the man’s luck failed him - he was hanged in the late thirties of the 16th century.
Prefix “VON” (BACKGROUND)
For example, some burgher or mercenary was knighted for some great services. The burgher's name was "Theodor Müller" (Fyodor Melnikov). Only someone of the “level” from the Emperor to the Count could knight him. After this, our Fyodor Melnikov should have been given away certain properties - at least given a village. For example, they gave him a village called "Steindorf"(village "Kamenka" in Russian) from which he will collect tribute. In total, our Fedya Melnikov immediately turned into Fedya from Kamenka. Or Theodor von Steindorff. What to do with the old surname: Müller??? It can be written after the name before the “background”, or it can be left unwritten.
That is: Theodor Müller von Steindorff. (Fedor Melnikov Kamensky)
And if Fedya Melnikov has a son - Adolf Müller. Then he is a nobleman from birth with the surname von Steindorf with the title “Freiherr”, if he also has an unmarried daughter - “ Ulli", then it will be called nothing less than: "Frain" Uli von Steindorff". Having married Dr. Freiherr, turn into “ Frayfrau».
Also, do not forget that during the Thirty Years' War, many villages and estates were destroyed. But the names remained.
BARON
Very many of us in our movement like to call themselves “barons,” while at the same time they themselves are engaged in Germany from the Middle Ages. This is a BIG mistake.
The fact is that “baron”, if translated from Old Frankish, means a free man.
In Germany such people were called " Freiherr"(freiherr). And in Germany, freighters began to be officially called barons only at the beginning of the 20th century. By the way, this came from the Napoleonic period, when the French, while ruling the territories, simply used words accepted from below.
Therefore, the German Freiherr is an analogue of the French baron in the Middle Ages.
You need to understand the main thing: that the German Freiherr and the French Baron could have different incomes. It’s like the individual entrepreneur “PETORV A.E” has a super-small business and can barely get by, and the individual entrepreneur “Shmultsevich M.K” owns a cool store and...does not live sourly.
When forming letters of nobility, it is necessary to take into account the language of that territory. That is, if you are writing a German, you should write in German and use the term “ Freiherr", if you write France-Burgundy, then write in French and translate the baron into French.
Let's go back to the example. Noble title Knight Marx Mayer was called - " Freiherr" ( Freiherr) . Literally - free master. Freiherr, by the way, was the same one-armed Goetz von Berlinchingen. That is, having lands, a castle, an ancient noble family and the title of Reichsmarshal, Goetz stood at the lowest level of the noble hierarchy.
Therefore! Here is a kind of slander to all the recons who want to make nobility and claim titles, BARON, COUNT, DUKE, etc... - without a huge army under your banner; heaps of household items and other belongings, throwing yourself at high titles with bad manners and laughter.
The correct name would be Freiherr. Because now a reenactor with an average income can afford good-quality armor, clothing and some retinue. At any festival, a person well dressed as a German or Swiss nobleman, having normal armor, weapons and a retinue of at least three to five people, can safely declare himself “ Freiherr“and no one will say a word to him.
Well, if “one warrior in the field” and immediately “BARON” (and even a German one) or “COUNT” without a camp and even without a TENT, then this is not a baron, but a forge from the mountain...)))
Therefore, when I see “puffed up” single Barons; A margrafoff in a half-goblin uniform with upturned noses and sectarian rules in clubs - such individuals cannot cause anything but a grin!
The method proposed in this article is a kind of unitarianism for forming first and last names in the right way.
I am writing all this for a reason. Back in the 90s, we were all bright-eyed youths, noble to the point of ugliness and to the point of... idiocy. Some still remain that way. And we all wanted beautiful names, pretentious titles, and other “maximalist” nonsense!
For example, your humble servant, now the Head of the Defense Ministry "Army of Frundsberg", chose a name for himself in 1997: William von Eisen. Having probably watched enough of “Braveheart”))) Mel Gibson was all “Sir William” there... And since the club was involved in Germany, it took the noble prefix “von”. And the last name is “Aizen”, that is, “Iron” (in fact, “Aizen” literally translated is iron in its raw form).
Well then, in the shaggy 90s and “dashing” 00s, this was excusable because no one knew a damn thing - there was no information. But those shaggy years have passed and those who failed to adapt to the progress of the military-historical movement have sunk into oblivion....
I met a German on one of the Polish Grunwalds. When I introduced myself to him, the German smiled lightly, without showing it. Over a beer, he later told me why. But why? My original pseudonym caused a chuckle. Selected English name, and the German noble prefix FON and the surname in the form of the word “IRON” were taken, that is, William - IRON! Yes, and I was dressed up like a “Teutonic” warrior, and not... an English sir)).
I later changed my name to the German “Wilhelm”
Later, I learned from people knowledgeable in German heraldry how best to write my historical pseudonym. This is how I introduce myself at all modern knight tournaments: Wilhelm der Eiserne von Stahladler Duke of Tyrol. Or Wilhelm der Eiserne, in short. Wilhelm der Eiserne von Stahladler.
Or, for example, our beloved and respected expert Klim Zhukov has the correct source alias " Rotger von Eismarch» .
The commander of the Smolensk commander of the VLO has a very correct name " Max Tier»
his name is Maxim, and his nickname is “The Beast”
Hauptmann of the Frundsberg Army Konstantin Popkov has the correct nickname - " Christophe der Haise»
Member of the Frunsberg Army and well-known at the TF, an expert on armor and weapons " Bookworm» chose a German pseudonym
« Klaus Buch» .
Member of the Frundsberg Army Bazhutov Mikhail– my student and multiple participant in our plate tournaments has the name “ Michael Schwarzkreuz».
By the way, many citizens who do not have even a hint of some kind of material status of the nobility add the prefix “ Background" For example… " someone" von Bern.
« Von Bern“The person who owns it can be called, if in those days. Now, this is probably the one who created this club and is in charge of it.
if a fighter of a given club wants to mark himself as belonging to a given community, then it would be correct to write as follows:
let's say Richter Straube zy Bern. That is, this means that " Richter Straube from Bern.
Or if a person claims a noble title and has the prefix “von”, then it would be correct to say:
Herr Waldemar von Radomski zu Bern.
So, friends! Observe a certain rule of name-formation and try to maintain the declared status with equipment, deeds and people who form your community!!!
And then, when you meet German recons, they will not make you laugh, even behind your back)))
P.S. If anyone has any questions about creating their own pseudonym, please contact us - we will help)