Conventionally, all types of worldview are divided into two groups: socio-historical types and existential-personal types.
Already described earlier. You just have to refresh your memory: a worldview is a set of concepts, beliefs, values about life, about the person himself, about his position in life.
Types of worldview and life goals
Depending on what worldview we use, we set the corresponding life (), and, accordingly, according to the type of our understanding of the world, we choose a way to realize such a goal.
Unhappy and unsuccessful people usually take the goal from one worldview context, and the path to it from another. For happy and successful people, the goal and the path to it are in the same coordinate system (in the same context of their worldview).
Types of worldview, historical and social
Formed in chronological order. It is very good to understand what the difference is - knowing the history of all mankind. From the Stone Age to the present day. Each period of time reflected the principles that lay in each of these types of worldview.
Another interesting fact: humanity developed - and its thinking developed, its worldview changed. And exactly the same thing happens with the development of a child. That is, in essence, every person, growing up, develops his own worldview by choosing appropriate goals.
Archaic type of worldview
This is humanity’s earliest understanding of the world, of man himself in it.
It is characterized by the fact that realism and fantasy are not separated from each other. These two concepts merged in the form of early beliefs: animism, fetishism, totheism. There is no clear division from your “I” and the world around you. As such an understanding, “Soul” does not exist at all. At the same time: all living things are endowed with life, like humans: from stone to the sun.
Life goals are not formed consciously: it is to please oneself and other animate beings (sacrifice, rituals, idols ....)
Mythological type of worldview
At this point in history, there is a clear separation of “oneself” from the world around us. And if there is an “I,” then there is a “He,” whose actions and thoughts may not coincide with mine. From such views, confrontation (confrontation) already occurs.
This is the era of cults and pantheons of gods. Just as life itself is full of confrontation and competition for a place in the sun, so myths are born about exactly the same confrontation between the gods.
Life goals acquire a clearer structure and meaning: to be with Strongest of the world this, to have power... to achieve the favor of a certain god or person...
Religious
Even more 
her division of the world. What is this world And that world. The concepts of soul, spirit and body appear. To God is God, to Caesar what is Caesar's.
The concept of faith appears - in the invisible, without critical analysis in the last one. Ideas common to all religions: about God’s creation of the world, about the concepts of good and evil, about the consequences of not following certain rules of behavior.
Life goals - according to the concept of faith that a person professes - are “correct” in its understanding of actions and thoughts.
Philosophical type of worldview
With an increase in knowledge about the person himself and the world around him, a collapse occurs (critical mass), when this knowledge needs to be rethought. This is how various schools of philosophy are formed.
If the knowledge is reinterpreted in the context of such a school, then they believe that the philosophy is the same, but is developing... If the contradictions with the old school are obvious, a new philosophical movement is formed.
Life goals in this context are personal growth, self-development, self-actualization, search for truth...
Exponential-personal types of worldview
It is formed according to the maturation of the person himself. From uncritical, not separating yourself from your mother to a teenage existential crisis... plus overlap external environment influence.
The basis of every person's worldview is collective image from many types of worldviews. This can be either a harmonious combination of philosophy, faith and traditions, or without much criticism, various worldview laws are perceived as axioms.
Take the previously described types - mix something from the bottom into a pile, and you will have a modern person like this.
The goals will be different depending on which worldview concept dominates... The most interesting thing happens: when the goals are on one plane, and the paths to them are on another...
Dogmatic
Dogma is not critical, but conscious adherence to rules and laws, according to some worldview.
Pursuing goals - according to dogmas and rules.
Reflex
Reflexes are the subconscious following of certain rules. If in dogmas the mind still takes part, in reflection it is following the principles and rules without the participation of consciousness, reflexively, impulsively.
In this situation, reflection plays an inconspicuous but, sometimes, very significant role.
Choosing the right goal, according to the type of worldview
Many concepts from the listed types are firmly woven into our consciousness.
Some examples - then and now.
Archaic type: before - open worship of idols (all living things), now - baubles, beads, talismans... bringing good luck, the concept of many new people is “the living universe”...
Mythological type of worldview: earlier - worship of the pantheon of gods: Zeus, Veles, Iris..., now - from challing (receiving sacred knowledge from unearthly forms of being) to the influence of stars, the concepts of fate and karma, implicit and subtle worlds.
If a person fails, he cannot achieve success, here is the answer why this happens:choosing a goal not from one’s own type of worldview.
The fact is that changing your vision of the world is quite difficult, but choosing the right one that corresponds to the type of worldview is quite simple. It will only bring its own goal! From other people's goals, not your own, you will only be unhappy...
Good luck to you and choosing the right goals!
Lecture:
What is a worldview and how is it formed?
In the previous lesson we focused on the concept of personality. The formation of personality is associated with the formation of a worldview. And worldview occurs as a result of cognitive activity. It is human nature to ask questions: “Who am I? What am I like? How does the world work? What is the meaning of life?"– questions of self-knowledge and knowledge of the surrounding world. Searching and finding answers to them shapes the human worldview. The topic of the lesson relates to one of the complex philosophical topics, since it affects the inner spiritual world of man. Man is not only a biological and social being, but also a spiritual being. What is the spiritual world? What does it consist of? The spiritual world is the world of thoughts and feelings, knowledge and beliefs, ideas and principles, intelligence and creativity. It is also individual and unique like human appearance. The inner world is constantly developing and manifests itself in human behavior. So, worldview is one of the phenomena spiritual world person. Let us formulate the basic definition of the topic:
Worldview– is a holistic idea of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of the individual, social group, society.
Worldview is formed throughout life, is the result of upbringing and one’s own life experience person. With age, the worldview becomes more and more conscious. An adult knows why and for what he acts, feels personal responsibility for what is happening in his life and does not blame others for what happened. He is self-sufficient and independent of the opinions of people around him. Has adequate self-esteem - an assessment of one’s own strengths and weaknesses (I-image). Which can be overestimated, realistic (adequate) and underestimated. The level of self-esteem is influenced by the imaginary or real ideal that a person wants to be like. The assessments of other people have a great influence on how a person evaluates himself. The level of self-esteem is also influenced by a person’s attitude towards his own successes and failures.
The formation of a worldview is influenced by:
Firstly, human environment. A person, observing the actions and assessments of others, accepts something and rejects something, agrees with something and doesn’t agree with something.
Secondly, social conditions and government system. The older generation, comparing Soviet youth with modern ones, emphasizes that then they worked for the benefit of the people and even to the detriment of their own interests. This corresponded to the requirements of Soviet times. The modern sociocultural situation in our country requires the formation of a competitive personality aimed at achieving one’s own success.
Types and forms of worldview
In the context of test tasks OGE materials and the Unified State Exam mainly tests knowledge of three forms of worldview: ordinary, religious and scientific. But there are more forms of worldview. In addition to those mentioned, there are mythological, philosophical, artistic and others. Historically, the first form of worldview is mythological. Primitive people understood and explained the structure of the world intuitively. No one sought to verify or prove the truth of myths about gods, titans, and fantastic creatures. Primitive mythology is needed for the study of philosophy, history, art and literature. This form of worldview still exists today. For example, doctrines about the existence of life on Mars, comic book heroes (Spider-Man, Batman). Let's look at the features of the main forms:
1) Everyday worldview. This form is generated in everyday life, therefore, it is based on a person’s personal life experience and is based on common sense. A person works and rests, raises children, votes in elections, observes specific life events, learns lessons. He formulates rules of conduct, knows what is good and what is bad. This is how everyday knowledge and ideas accumulate and a worldview is formed. At the level of everyday worldview there is traditional medicine, rituals and customs, folklore.
2) Religious worldview. The source of this worldview is religion - belief in the supernatural, in God. In the earliest stages of human development, religion was intertwined with mythology, but over time it became separated from it. If the main feature of the mythological worldview was polytheism, then for the religious worldview it was monotheism (belief in one God). Religion divides the world into the natural and the supernatural, which are created and governed by an almighty God. A religious person strives to act and act as required by religion. He performs cult actions (prayer, sacrifice) and aims at spiritual and moral perfection.
3) Scientific worldview. This form is characteristic of people producing knowledge (scientists, researchers). In their worldview, the main place is occupied by the scientific picture of the world, the laws and regularities of nature, society and consciousness. Everything unrecognized by science (UFOs, aliens) is denied. Science man cut off from real life, he constantly strives to know, research, logically justify and prove something. And if he doesn’t succeed, he despairs. But after a while he again takes up facts, questions, problems, research. Because he is in an eternal search for truth.
There is no form of worldview in pure form. All of the above forms are combined in a person, but one of them occupies a leading position.
Worldview structure
There are three structural components of a worldview: attitude, worldview and worldview. In worldviews that differ in form, they are reflected differently.
Attitude- these are the feelings of a person in events own life, his feelings, thoughts, moods and actions.
The formation of a worldview begins with a worldview. As a result of sensory awareness of the world, images are formed in the human consciousness. According to their worldview, people are divided into optimists and pessimists. The first think positively and believe that the world is favorable to them. They show respect for others and enjoy their successes. Optimists set goals for themselves, and when life difficulties arise, they solve them with enthusiasm. The latter, on the contrary, think negatively and are convinced that the world is harsh towards them. They harbor grievances and blame others for their troubles. When difficulties arise, they sadly lament “why do I need all this...”, worry and do nothing. Worldview follows worldview.
Worldview is a vision of the world as friendly or hostile.
Each person, perceiving the events occurring in life, draws his own internal picture of the world, colored positively or negatively. A person thinks about who he is in this world, a winner or a loser. People around him are divided into good and bad, friends and enemies. The highest level of ideological awareness of the world is world understanding.
Worldview– these are images of the surrounding life formed in the human mind.
These images depend on the information that is embedded in human memory from the very early childhood. The very first understanding of the world begins with the image of a mother who strokes, kisses, caresses at home. With age, it expands more and more to the yard, street, city, country, planet, Universe.
There are two levels of worldview: ordinary - practical (or everyday) and rational (or theoretical). The first level develops in everyday life, is associated with the emotional and psychological side of the worldview and corresponds to the sensory comprehension of the world. And the second level arises as a result of a rational understanding of the world and is associated with the cognitive and intellectual side of the worldview and the presence of a person’s conceptual apparatus. The source of the everyday - practical level is feelings and emotions, and the source of the rational level is reason and reason.
Exercise: Using the knowledge gained at this lesson, give one sentence about the ways of forming a worldview and one sentence about the role of a worldview in a person’s life. Write your answers in the comments to the lesson. Be active)))
Various processes that at the moment occur in the world, play an important role in human life, are reflected in the consciousness and influence its forms. Types of worldview are not only a reflection of one side of reality, but also establish a focus on a certain area of life. Throughout its life path a person faces a number of problems, makes mistakes and gains the necessary experience using new inventions. At the same time, he constantly improves himself and gets to know himself as a person. Each individual will always strive to learn something important, discover something new, previously unknown, and get answers to questions that interest him. Many questions are answered by a worldview that is formed in everyone’s culture.
- Islam.
- Christianity.
- Buddhism.
- Judaism.
Philosophy
Not all types of worldview can be classified as philosophical, however, philosophy is one of the forms of worldview consciousness. Anyone who is at least a little familiar with the myths and legends of Ancient Greece knows that the Greeks lived in a special world of fantasy, which later became the guardians of their historical memory. Majority modern people perceives philosophy as something very far from reality. Like any other science based on theory, philosophy is constantly enriched with new knowledge, discoveries and content. However, philosophical consciousness is not the dominant side ideological content this form of worldview. The spiritual-practical side as the main component of consciousness defines it as one of the ideological types of awareness.
The difference between philosophy and other types of worldview:
- Based on clear concepts and categories.
- Has own system and internal unity.
- Knowledge based.
- Characterized by turning thoughts towards oneself.
Worldview structure
Conclusion
The result of the diverse and rich experience of society’s mastery of reality laid the foundation philosophical analysis. Rational-theoretical types of worldview in philosophy arose historically, through man’s awareness of the surrounding reality. Philosophy is designed to unite patterns and features that can reflect reality, and is a theoretically formulated worldview. In the process, an extremely generalized system of knowledge about man, the world and their relationship was developed. Types of worldview are designed to help society understand the rational meaning and patterns of development of human existence and the world as a whole. Laws, philosophical categories and principles are universal in nature and apply simultaneously to nature, man, his thinking and society.
Briefly about philosophy: the most important and basic things about philosophy in summary
Philosophy and worldview
Philosophical knowledge is sometimes considered as reflective, that is, one in which a person recognizes himself, his fundamental features (reflection - self-referral). But a person knows himself by looking at the world, reflects himself in the characteristics of the world in which he is “inscribed,” which acts as a given, as a person’s life-semantic horizon. Thus, philosophy gives a holistic view of the world and acts as ideological knowledge. Worldview is a set of views, ideas, beliefs, norms, assessments, life attitudes, principles, ideals that determine a person’s attitude to the world and act as guidelines and regulators of his behavior and activities.
Each person’s worldview is formed gradually. In its formation, the following stages can be distinguished: worldview, world experience, world perception, worldview, worldview, worldview. Naturally, a person’s worldview includes not only philosophical views. It consists of specific political, historical, economic, moral, aesthetic, religious or atheistic, natural scientific and other views.
All views are ultimately based on philosophical views. Therefore, the concept of “worldview” can be identified with the concept of “philosophical worldview.”
The concept of “worldview” is correlated with the concept of “ideology,” but they do not coincide in content. Ideology covers only that part of the worldview that is focused on social phenomena and social class relations.
What is the role of worldview in a person’s life? Worldview determines a person’s attitude to the world and the direction of his activities. It gives a person orientation in the social, political, economic, moral, aesthetic and other spheres of social life. Since no special science or branch of knowledge acts as a worldview, the study of philosophy seems important for a specialist in any field.
Worldview as a philosophical concept
Worldview is a totality general ideas about actions that reflect and reveal a person’s practical and theoretical attitude to the world. This concept includes a person’s life positions, beliefs, ideals (truth, goodness, beauty), principles of attitude towards reality (optimism, pessimism), and value orientations. Worldview can be individual, social, or group.
In the worldview there are two levels - sensory-emotional and theoretical. The sensory-emotional level is a complete awareness of reality in the form of sensations, perceptions, and emotions. The theoretical level is the intellectual aspect of the worldview (reality through the prism of laws).
Historical forms of worldview: mythology, religion, philosophical knowledge. Myth is a sacred legend composed about the deeds of the gods, which tells how the world works. Mythology is associated with rites and rituals. Myth embodies the collective experience of understanding the reality of ancestors. Mythological consciousness still exists today. Religion is a form of social consciousness, the meaning of which lies in a fantastic, illusory, distorted idea of the world order. Religion is based on the belief in the existence of one or more gods (monotheism, polytheism). The difference from myth is that religion has its own books and organizational body. Philosophy (from the Greek “love of wisdom”) is the doctrine of the highest principles of reality, the first principles of existence, the doctrine of the deep basis of the world.
Man has always wondered what his place is in the world, why he lives, what is the meaning of his life, why life and death exist. A worldview in its content can be scientific or non-scientific, materialistic or idealistic, revolutionary or reactionary. A certain type of worldview is determined by the historical era, social class, which imply the presence of certain norms and principles of consciousness, styles of thinking.
Forms of worldview
Philosophy occupies a fundamental place in human culture. Philosophy plays a huge role in shaping the worldview.
Worldview is a holistic view of the world and man’s place in it.
In the history of mankind, there are three main forms of worldview.
1. Mythological worldview - a form of social consciousness of worldview ancient society, which combines both fantastic and realistic perception of reality. The features of myths are the humanization of nature, the presence of fantastic gods, their communication, interaction with humans, the absence of abstract thoughts, and the practical orientation of myths to solve economic problems.
2. Religious worldview - a form of worldview based on the belief in the presence of supernatural forces influencing human life and the world around us. A religious worldview is characterized by a sensual, figurative and emotional perception of reality.
3. The philosophical worldview differs from others in that it is based on knowledge, it is reflexive (has the ability to address oneself), logical, and relies on clear concepts and categories. Thus, the philosophical worldview is the highest type of worldview, characterized by rationality, systematicity and theoretical design.
There are 4 components in the philosophical worldview:
1) educational;
2) value-normative;
3) emotional-volitional;
4) practical.
The philosophical worldview has a certain structure.
1st level (elementary) - a set of ideological concepts, ideas, views that function at the level of everyday consciousness.
Level 2 (conceptual) includes various worldviews, problems, concepts aimed at human activity or cognition.
Level 3 (methodological) - includes basic concepts and principles developed on the basis of ideas and knowledge, taking into account the value reflection of the world and man.
The philosophical worldview has gone through three stages of evolution:
1) cosmocentrism;
2) theocentrism;
3) anthropocentrism.
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The great mystic, Indian spiritual leader Osho said that there are no people who would see the world around them in the same way, because this is simply impossible.
Each person is forced to move from his own place, from his own living space. This suggests that each person has his own worldview, based on which he builds his life and interacts with other people.
Worldview contains a person’s views on the world around him, society and himself. It can be compared with the concepts of worldview and mentality, where worldview has the most extensive meaning.
Worldview reflects emotional experiences, mentality is a product of mental activity and depends on cultural development person, and the worldview combines all these components, creating a whole structure, a range of individual ideas about surrounding reality. A person is endowed with freedom, which involves choice, and each choice comes from certain views on the world.
It is obvious that all components of a worldview are of great importance in the successful life of a person in the world. different levels. Worldview, its forms and types create a holistic view of the world and society, orient the individual towards achieving goals, preserving values, and also unites people.
The concept of worldview is very ambiguous; its structure includes complex components that manifest themselves individually in each person. IN general view its structure is the interaction of three components, which together create inner world, firmly standing on the foundation of reality, value and meaning:
- Individual picture of the world. These are a person’s stable ideas about the surrounding reality, which are formed on the basis of knowledge and experience of the historical past in connection with the present. A person cannot control the influence of this component, because you cannot choose the era of your birth.
- Individual assessments. This is a set of views and judgments emanating from a common value orientation, and also life ideals person.
- Personal meanings. This includes a person’s ideas about the meaning of his existence, on the basis of which social attitudes are formed and specific life goals are built.
The worldview of an individual is formed in the process of socialization and the gradual formation of personality on the basis of knowledge and personal life experience.
Describing the concept of seeing the world, its essence and structure, it is important to highlight its intellectual and emotional components:
- worldview - the intellectual essence of the worldview, which embraces stable knowledge in the form different theories, principles and laws;
- worldview is the emotional essence of a worldview, consisting of a wide range of emotions, feelings, moods that help to form a holistic, deep understanding of an object or situation.
As a result of the productive interaction of these components, the main components of a worldview are formed: a holistic complex of clear beliefs, actions, and personal behaviors that become the basis for self-expression. Now it is obvious that it is the vision of the world that is the background against which all behavioral reactions and actions of a person appear, against which his spiritual orientation is manifested.
Historical perspective
To come to an understanding of the worldview modern man, it is necessary to analyze the main historical forms of worldview, which, at the same time, are stages of its development in different periods life of society in the course of history, and in a certain form are preserved in our time.
- Mythological. Originated back in primitive society, became widespread in antiquity. At that time, myth was a full-fledged part of human consciousness, serving as a tool that could clearly explain those phenomena that man could not yet understand due to the lack of accurate scientific knowledge. In this worldview, man and nature act as a single integral organism, the parts of which are equal. There were also no boundaries between fiction and reality, where the concept of the supernatural always found its justification. IN modern world this worldview exists in separate aspects. For example, when computers and various technical devices endow the qualities of living beings.
- Religious. It develops in the Middle Ages, when the relationship between man and nature became more alienated, and ideas about an ideal being came to the fore, in comparison with which man was a being of a lower level of development. Man bows before God, holy objects and things. The world becomes double: sinful earthly and ideal heavenly. A person sees the world more narrowly, builds his own framework in the form of a division into good and evil, which are in eternal unity. Nowadays, this type of worldview does not lose its popularity in certain circles of people.
- Scientific The rapid development of science has had a strong influence on the concept of human worldview, making it more realistic, factual and reasoned. Here the main role is played objective reality the surrounding world and relationships. Specific rational facts, devoid of subjective coloring, deserve attention. This type of worldview leads in the modern world, leaving myths and religion far behind in the historical past.
- Philosophical. This type of worldview includes individual elements of the mythological, religious, and scientific worldview. With its roots in myths and religion, it uses theoretical scientific data. The main point that distinguishes this form of worldview from religion and myths is its freedom from illusions, fantasies, idealization, suggesting complete “submission” to logic and objective reality. At the same time, philosophy pushes the boundaries of science, trying to give a deeper and more multidimensional concept to “dry” scientific facts, which are often unable to form a holistic picture of the world.
Worldview of modern man
What is the worldview of modern man? The answer to this question lies through the concept and understanding of the main types of worldview, which can be called its main directions.
These include the following main types:
Everyday worldview.
It is also called practical life or simply life philosophy. It is inherent in every person, because it is a reflection of his everyday experience and is built on the basis of the so-called “sober” approach to life. This type of worldview reflects the general mood in society, being an element mass consciousness. At the same time, this worldview is very individual, therefore it reflects the cultural, professional, intellectual and even national differences of people. The main disadvantage of this worldview is the mixing of stereotypes, prejudices and scientific data, to which one can add excessive emotionality. All this together confuses a person and leads to unreasoned and sometimes inadequate judgments.
Theoretical worldview.
This type of worldview is a “set” of logical rational argumentation of one’s own point of view, principles, knowledge, ideals and goals. The core or basis of such a worldview is precisely philosophical understanding surrounding reality. As you already understand, a philosophical worldview allows you to evaluate things and phenomena of life more deeply and multifaceted, relying on specific theoretical knowledge, without making hasty conclusions, without falling into the skepticism of science.
The modern world follows the ideals of democracy and humanism, where the highest value is human personality. The basis of this line of thought is the humanistic worldview, the essence of which was perfectly expressed by E. Kant: “A person can only be an end, but not a means for another person.” This worldview may seem ideal and unlikely, but it is a peak that is worth the effort spent on conquering it. Try to follow the fundamental principles of a humanistic worldview:
- A person is the highest value, he has equal rights in relation to other people;
- Every person, without exception, is self-sufficient;
- Each person has unlimited opportunities for self-improvement, personal growth and unleashing creative potential;
- In the course of the development of civilization, every person is able to overcome negative qualities your personality, developing your positive potential;
- Every Person is capable of radical internal transformations;
- A person is able not only to develop himself, but also to have a positive influence on other people by cultivating his values;
- The main goal of a person is to find himself, his identity, focusing on his own personal resources, which every person, without exception, possesses.
Worldview - video lesson.