Gypsies are considered free and mysterious people, which is characterized by an ambiguous attitude from society. This is due to their way of life, traditions and customs. Some do not like the people for fraud and deception, others “dote on them” and invite their representatives to various events and holidays to enjoy song and dance. Signs of what gypsies look like include their bright appearance and clothing, which make them stand out from the crowd.
Characteristic signs of gypsies
Gypsies - numerous ethnic group Indian origin. A common self-name is Roma, Roma (or Romaly in the vocative case). However, other ethnonyms are also used: the Finnish and Estonian peoples call the Gypsies “black” (Kale), the French - Bohemians, the British - Egyptians. They are also called sinti, manush and so on.
Since ancient times, people have been wandering around cities and countries, without having their own state.
On April 8, 1971, at the First World Gypsy Congress, they were proclaimed a single non-territorial nation. Since then, this date has been designated as International Roma Day. According to tradition, in the evening they light a candle and carry it along the street.
The territories where the people live include European countries, North Africa, Northern and South America, Australia. According to Wikipedia, the number of European gypsies is 8-12 million. In Russia, as of 2010, the number of representatives of the nationality is 220 thousand. In many countries there are few gypsies and they are scattered throughout the territory. Such small groups are found among the Croats or in China.
However, it is difficult to say exactly how many Roma live in a particular territory. This is due to their characteristic feature- lack of “legal visibility”. Gypsies and their children live in camps, are often not registered, do not have documents or passports, and are listed as “missing in action.”
The people belong to the Indo-Mediterranean race of the large Caucasian race. They speak the Gypsy language of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-European family, which is divided into a number of dialects.
The religion of the Roma includes Christianity and Islam. Representatives of the people of the Orthodox faith greatly reverence God and observe church holidays and customs. Significant events for Christians are Easter and Christmas.
The self-name of the gypsies who profess Islam is Ogly.
Depending on their territorial affiliation, there are 6 branches of the nationality.
Western Gypsies include:
Eastern gypsies:
In addition to those mentioned, there are narrow groups: British, Scandinavian Kales, Romanichels, and so on. An ethnic group known as the Lovaris was formed in Hungary. The large branch of Roma also includes various groups, for example, the kotlyars shown in the photo.
IN European countries There are ethnic groups close to the gypsies in their way of life: Irish Travelers, Central European Yenish. However, they have a different origin.
Hindus are truly anthropologically similar to gypsies. The former are distinguished by their high growth; the Hungarian representatives are characterized by average figures.
Face and head shape
Gypsies are characterized by dolichocephaly (long heads), a straight and slightly sloping forehead.
The photograph shows the famous boxer Johann Wilhelm Trollmann "Rukeli".
A gypsy is easily distinguished by his dark complexion, reminiscent of a shade of chocolate or old parchment.
Eyes
Mostly the eye color of a representative of the people is dark, brown, possibly green.
The latter is especially revered by the gypsies, as it is characterized by magical powers. But they avoid blue-eyed people because of the “evil look” that can cause trouble.
The photo shows the actress, dancer, singer Soledad Miranda, who tragically died at the age of 27.
Gypsies are distinguished by their expressive, piercing and quick gaze, which puts a person into a state similar to hypnosis and helps to see the past and future.
Nose
The forms of the olfactory organ among gypsies are varied. The nose is predominantly large in size. At the same time, it can be long and thin. The shape can be straight or eagle with a hump.
The photo shows footballer Zlatan Ibrahimovic.
Hair
For gypsies, hair is a sign of happiness - the longer, the better. In the past they were often shorn, exiled and isolated. Therefore, women and men try not to wear their hair too short.
Dark and curly hair is typical; red color is considered to attract happiness. Gypsies also have chestnut, golden-brown shades.
The photo shows dancer, model, artist Adelina Plakhotnaya and singer, member of the group “Korni” Alexander Berdnikov.
Adeline Plakhotnaya
Alexander Berdnikov
In France, there are Gitans - blue-eyed representatives of the nationality with blond hair.
Blonde gypsies are shown in the photo.
Appearance of a gypsy
The image of the fairer sex among gypsies is distinguished by its brightness; expressive makeup, fluffy colored skirts, beautiful gold jewelry: rings, brooches, chains are always present.
At the same time, modern Western European beauty standards are alien to them - they do not show long naked legs.
It is believed that the area below the waist is clean only in young girls before the birth of children. Afterwards it becomes “bad” and you cannot touch this area. Two fluffy toe-length skirts cover the “dirty” area, but one is not enough.
The photo shows gypsy women in traditional costumes.
Face
The look of the beautiful gypsy woman is mesmerizing; you can look into her “diamond” eyes endlessly. Their color is predominantly brown or green.
The hair is lush, long, thick, black, dark chestnut, red, light brown. They often curl. The skin is usually dark, but light color is also possible.
Actress, model, dancer Rita Hayworth is recognized as one of the most beautiful gypsy women.
Figure
Traditional gypsy dances allow you to clearly see the figure of a gypsy.
Such dances help fathers look for girls who will be suitable brides for their sons.
Gypsies are characterized by a flexible, graceful body. Young girls are slender, fragile, tender.
The photo shows actress and singer Diana Savelyeva.
Since it is typical for gypsies large families, a woman’s figure becomes rounder and plumper as she matures. However, natural elegance and grace are not affected by numerous births.
Gypsy names and surnames
The full name of a nationality includes 3-5 parts:
- official;
- secular;
- surname;
- last name;
- nickname for a branch of the family.
The official name is the one registered in documents or received at baptism.
Secular is widely used when communicating in everyday life with gypsies or other nationalities. These include:
- A nickname is a unique characteristic of a person or the events that happen to him (“Waterman”, “Crow”).
- Baptismal - if it differs from the official one;
- Name in Gypsy or other exotic language (Taghari).
Secular names can coincide with official ones or be their abbreviations: Dmitry - Mito. Moreover, a person is called this not only in childhood and adolescence, but throughout his life.
The patronymic is used when you need to introduce yourself officially (when interacting with government agencies, during ceremonial congratulations, and so on).
The Kotlyars have a unique naming system. They may have a middle name from their father, mother, or both parents.
The gypsy is satisfied with the secular name, which is even used together with the surname.
Surnames are used in the same way as other Europeans. With a large family, a special nickname is added to the surname. In Russia it usually comes from the secular name of famous ancestors.
In gypsy society good names those associated with faith, God, jewelry, and the sun are considered. This is Bogdan ( given by God), Zlata, Vera, Drago (precious), Rubina, Diamond and so on. “Flower” names for women are also welcome: Lily, Jasmine, Rose and others.
To indicate a character trait in a person they call: Veselina (cheerful), Svetlana (light), Shanita (calm), Shuko (handsome) and so on.
Origin
in the world
The roots of the Roma people originate in India. This is evidenced by their genetic analysis. Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) is present in Gypsies (60%) and Native Indians (27%). It is also found among Tajik, Syrian peoples, Kalash, and Kurds from Turkmenistan.
The gypsies are originally from northwestern India and appeared about 1.5 thousand years ago. Their language was influenced by the Persians and Greeks. The homeland of the gypsies is determined by Rajasthan, Kashmir and Gujarat.
After 6 centuries, the people immigrated to Europe, most likely due to their oppression by Muslims. In this case, there is a mixture of blood with other nationalities. The main part of the ethnic group occupies the territory of Europe, but most of all there are Romanian and Hungarian gypsies. Their number ranges from 2.5-8 million people. In Bulgaria, the share of ethnic groups is 4.7% of the population (370 thousand people). Sufficient number of representatives among Serbs.
The photo shows gypsies in Romania and Hungary.
Gypsies in Romania
Gypsies in Hungary
The description of history during the tyranny of the German fascists led by Adolf Hitler includes the mass extermination of Gypsies, along with Jews.
The attitude of other nationalities towards the Roma people has long been ambiguous. Until the 15th century, Europeans were friendly towards them, but then the situation reversed. Why this happened is explained by the behavior of the gypsies: it turned out that they steal, deceive, and beg, which is how they earned the reputation of swindlers and vagabonds.
After this, the people began to be ousted from the territories, spread oppression, abuse of them and even murder. However, after 3 centuries the situation has stabilized, the gypsies are treated more tolerantly.
The people are divided into sedentary, semi-sedentary and nomadic castes. The latter lived in a camp, the main one of which was the waida - the leader. He allowed internal conflicts, represented people before the authorities of the country where they were nomadic at that moment.
Sedentary or semi-sedentary people took root everywhere, adapting to religious customs and accepting the faith of the people where they were located.
In Russia
The routes where the gypsies came from on Russian soil are the Balkan countries (in the 15th century), Germany, Poland (in XVI-XVII centuries). They appeared in the 17th century on the territory of modern Ukraine.
The increase in the number of Gypsies occurred as the borders of Russia expanded. With the annexation of part of Poland, Polish Roma emerged, Bessarabia - Moldavian, Crimea - Crimean.
Before the revolution of 1917, men were engaged in horse trading, women - fortune telling and magic. The nomads were fond of begging, fortune telling and witchcraft, and sometimes blacksmithing. The gypsies who settled in St. Petersburg in the 30s of the 19th century replenished the choirs, many of which were freed by the government from serfdom. The popularity of the people and their culture at that time was extremely high. Noble people married gypsy girls.
After the revolution, a decree is issued so that the people organize a way of life suitable for labor activity. This is how the gypsies joined the Soviet family; the nationalities fought together against the enemy during the Great Patriotic War.
The only gypsy who was awarded the title “Hero” Soviet Union", became Timofey Prokofiev, Marine. Thanks to the gypsy, the Germans did not defeat the Nikolaev landing force. He kept up machine-gun fire until the last minute, and even after being mortally wounded in the head, he gathered his strength and fired a burst at the approaching fascists.
In 1956, a decree was issued again, after which the bulk of nomads adopted a sedentary lifestyle. Modern gypsies are endowed with the rights: to choose the field of work, to receive secondary and higher education. However, only a few use them.
The origins of the gypsies are known to scientists, but rumors are widespread about who they are and where they came from. There are versions that these are Moldovans or Romanians. Or even gypsies are descendants of the sunken Atlantis. The Moldovan and Romanian people belong to other ethnic groups. And the version about belonging to Atlantis is due to the mystical abilities of the ethnos.
Nationality is spelled correctly in plural“Gypsies”, despite the fact that Alexander Pushkin’s poem is called “Gypsies” - this is an outdated form.
Features of the character and life of gypsies: customs and laws
In 1971, after the World Roma Congress, the national anthem and flag shown in the picture were adopted.
People use symbols as a coat of arms: a deck of cards, a horseshoe, a wheel.
Gypsies are characterized by a free lifestyle. Its representatives to this day are engaged in traditional activities: they sing, dance beautifully, walk, play the guitar, train bears and other animals, and like to tell fortunes. At the same time, mostly friendly and warm relations develop in the community.
Cheerful jokesters are invited by request to holidays: birthdays, weddings, anniversaries.
Gypsies are often portrayed as swindlers and beggars. They can be found at train stations, on trams, trolleybuses, electric trains, sitting on the roadsides with small children, begging for alms.
They pester passers-by with offers to tell fortunes; they are excellent psychologists who can gain trust. If a person talks and answers, they beg him for alms by suggestion. In this case, the victim voluntarily gives away all the money from the wallet.
Of interest ethnic group sea gypsies - Bajo, nomadic in the Indian Ocean. They live in huts over the water and practice fishing. They go to land exclusively for trade, boat repairs, replenishing fresh water, or in case of funerals.
However, modern young sea gypsies often do not want to live by the rules of their ancestors. They move to land, study and work in normal conditions, which was not common among previous generations.
Movies are made about the life of gypsies, rules and traditions: “The Return of Budulai”, “The Camp Goes to Heaven”, “Gypsy” and so on. Many world-famous actors have gypsy roots.
For example, People's Artist of Russia Ekaterina Zhemchuzhnaya, shown in the photo.
The famous actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin was a gypsy.
About belonging to the nationality of many famous people there are disputes. Data is provided that famous singer Elvis Presley comes from a family of German gypsies who emigrated to the United States.
The peculiarity of the life of a nationality is that its representatives are often either fabulously rich or poor. In the first case, their houses resemble palaces with luxurious and expensive furnishings.
In the second case, the Roma live in extreme poverty in the absence of basic living conditions. They often act as illegal immigrants.
Gypsies eat simple food, in dishes national cuisine Hungarian, Bulgarian, Romanian trends can be traced. They love chicken, lamb, beef, beet soups, sauerkraut, they prepare tumals (tamals) - minced meat wrapped in a corn tortilla, harbu - a product made from blood, liver and lard. The national drink is black tea with herbs and berries.
The life of the Roma is filled with customs and rules, many of which are mandatory.
Other nationalities have beliefs associated with gypsies. If you dreamed of a camp, the dream book speaks of a desire for promiscuous sex life with frequent changes of partners. The dream of gypsies riding horseback from place to place signals nostalgia for the past. The fortune teller is seen as giving fate to the wrong person. In general, what gypsies dream about means hasty decisions and actions. If you went to buy something from them, this foreshadows the loss of money.
Wedding
The ritual is responsible for the transition of a young boy and girl to a new hierarchical status. This is the reason why gypsies marry early. If a girl is 19 years old and unmarried, she is considered an old maid. At what age young people get married is often decided by their parents. A girl is recognized as a potential bride after 14 years of age. Only in late marriages are the feelings and choices of the lovers taken into account.
The wedding is preceded by a betrothal ceremony performed by the parents. In early marriages, the decision to marry does not depend on the will of the children.
A bride ransom is possible, but in this case she is expected to earn back the money spent.
The girl marries a virgin. Proof in the form of a bloody sheet is provided after the wedding night. If a gypsy girl is not a virgin, it is considered a disgrace by the nation.
Marriages between representatives of the nationalities of different states are unlikely. This is tantamount to marrying a non-gypsy, which is not encouraged by gypsy law. Repeated marriages are discouraged.
Funeral
The ritual of how the funeral takes place is determined by the belief that a person other world You need things like in life. Gypsies prepare for burial in advance; children save money to send their parents off with dignity. A gravestone of impressive size, where the deceased is depicted in full growth, is considered luxurious.
When a person is buried, 3 items are given to relatives or friends through the coffin: an icon (male or female), a carpet and a bed. Essential items and alcohol are placed inside. Mirrors are covered for 40 days and mourning is observed for a year.
Gypsy curses
Rituals are recognized as carrying magical power and are considered among other nationalities to be the reason why gypsies are dangerous. However, not all of them have mystical abilities. A real magician will not perform complex rituals in vain. Therefore, curses from angry fortune tellers are usually empty words.
Gypsies can curse when causing offense to the family. There is usually no charge for it.
Signs that a person has a curse are:
- weight loss or gain, deterioration in health, appearance(getting old);
- development of diseases that cannot be treated;
- apathy;
- nightmares;
- a believer does not wear a cross, refuses to attend church out of fear;
- scandals in the family;
- leaving pets at home.
To remove damage, it is advisable to use water - wash your face in the river in the morning for 12 days, reciting a special spell. Cemetery rituals and others are also used to get rid of damage.
Gypsy law
It is an unwritten set of rules to be followed in gypsy society and outside it. Currently, each country has its own law and even within it different types nationalities.
Compliance is monitored by elderly members of the community, conflicts and violations are dealt with by a Roma court, which includes authoritative people.
The most terrible sentence is the expulsion of the criminal.
The main tenet of the law is compliance with the rules and restrictions of non-Gypsy society when dealing with it.
Murder, rape, and infliction of severe physical harm are prohibited.
The rules of behavior within the gypsy society are also announced: clothing, holidays, everyday life, an overview of professions, and so on.
Common Stereotypes
Stereotypes about gypsies come from numerous stories about their lives, stories of victims of fraud and people's own observations, since gypsies are present in almost every country in the world.
- They have no homeland. Roma are people without a specific citizenship, which they are often denied even if they were born in a given country. Recognition of a nationality as non-territorial made them legally “invisible”.
- They don't like to study. Representatives of the nationality send their children to school to teach them basic knowledge: reading, writing, counting. Often, after this, the child quits his studies, helping his parents in trading.
- Gypsies consider it an honor to drink a lot without getting drunk.
- Gypsies are good psychologists who have hypnosis. For this reason, they should be avoided; fortune telling with them will do more harm than good. The main goal of a gypsy is to earn income. Rare individuals have the ability to predict; others create a magical image around themselves: witchcraft balls, tarot cards and other paraphernalia.
- Roma have high rates of domestic violence. The wife bears a heavy burden, submitting to a tyrant husband, and at the same time is forced to endure, since tradition implies marriage for life.
- A gypsy family must have at least one son. If this does not happen for a long time, the boy is taken from the orphanage, regardless of his nationality. This was one of the reasons explaining the claim that the gypsies stole children. Often people, seeing a bright, blue-eyed and completely different child in the camp, declared that he had been stolen.
- If the family two-story house, a woman cannot go to the second floor if her husband is on the first
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Most of our ideas about gypsy culture are true. They really adore bright decorations and pretentiousness, and they do not skimp on emotions: if there is a wedding, so that the whole world will know, if there is a quarrel, so that several future generations will not talk to each other.
Modern communities of, say, American gypsies look a little different than we might imagine: women are not necessarily dressed in long colorful skirts and scarves. However, there is something that all members of the community strictly follow.
For example, it is very rare for a gypsy to receive an education. We are in website We were quite surprised by this and decided to learn about other rules of behavior that we must follow. gypsy girls.
Marriage traditions
The gypsies sacredly honor their culture, and an outsider who claims the hand of a gypsy is called a Gorger - that is, one who does not belong to their community and is not a gypsy. Girls mostly find love among the community, with rare exceptions. The desire to preserve one's own culture is so strong that marriages between cousins are not uncommon here.
A girl must marry as a virgin. What happens to a gypsy who does not preserve her virginity until marriage? She is considered dirty and has polluted the community. By doing this, she risks being left broke: not a single gypsy man would go against the rules of the community by marrying her after she gave herself to another.
By the way, middle age marriage age is 16–17 years for girls and 18–19 years for boys, and this marriage, according to tradition, must last a lifetime. A gypsy woman who is married may not even think about divorce. In the Roma community, remarriage is not encouraged, and in order not to “desecrate” the community, a woman can only enter into one marriage for the rest of her life.
It is extremely rare for women to separate from their husbands. And, as a rule, they no longer enter into new relationships. In the eyes of the community, this casts a shadow not only on her, but also on her daughters.
Submission to parents
A girl growing up in a gypsy community, with early age surrounded by rules dictated by parents. Of course, such a system is present in most other cultures, but in Gypsy culture, parents (and especially the father) have enormous authority, and the daughter is obliged to do what she is told. As she gets older, she is allowed to leave the house only when accompanied by family members (and these do not have to be her parents - sisters, brothers, aunts and uncles can accompany the gypsy).
For the same reason, parents often choose a husband for their daughter without relying on her opinion. Arranged marriages are not uncommon among Roma. And after the parents marry the gypsy, she will be obliged to honor and obey her husband in the same way as her parents.
Boys have much more freedom in this regard - they can leave the house alone, choose their own bride, etc.
You can't call the police
As a rule, gypsies sort out their affairs loudly and noisily, often rushing into fights with representatives of a hostile family. And this is also part of their traditions. However, all problems are resolved within families, without involving the law. It is not in their rules to sue or call the police: the gypsies would rather come in a crowd to the house of their rivals or start a showdown at a wedding. In the worst case, the family will disown the one who calls the police for a showdown. Any person in the Roma community must know that doing so is against the rules. Men accept this, but some girls still try to call the raging relatives to order with the help of the law.
We'll have to put up with violence
The statistics of domestic violence in Roma communities are incredibly high. A study in England found that 61% of married Roma women in England experience violence from their spouse. Women are forced to put up with this. Gypsy Sisters contestant Mellie says that one day ex-husband locked her in a trailer, and when she managed to get out, he hit her several times. The girl's family convinced her to take the man back. The girl explains why this is so: “This is a gypsy tradition, and it must be honored.”
Keep the house clean
If in most countries a woman can afford not to be a housewife and sometimes be lazy about cleaning, then for a gypsy this is unforgivable. Hygiene plays an important role in Roma culture, and it is the woman who is responsible for keeping the house clean. She must follow several rules, in particular not to share her dishes or cutlery with anyone, including her husband. All utensils are washed several times: under running water, in a separate bowl with boiling water and again under running water.
Wash men's and women's clothing is relied upon separately. Upper part The body is considered clean, while the lower part is dirty, so clothes “up to the waist” and “below the waist” are washed separately from each other. And of course, underwear is also subject to personal washing.
Pregnancy is a special period
Despite the fact that a gypsy woman’s behavior should be chaste, her outfit should scream the opposite. Thus, she can attract the attention of her future husband without making any effort (because a gypsy girl cannot meet guys first). Most shining example Such behavior is the American gypsies who dress up every day as if for a holiday. And if there is a wedding or birthday planned, are coming the most spectacular jewelry and the most luxurious dresses.
You can't go up to the 2nd floor
Photographer Evgeny Domansky captured how the male and female parts of a camp of Kotlyar gypsies enter the bus through different doors so as not to touch.
Over the centuries, attitudes towards the Gypsy people have been very contradictory, and their way of life has always caused at least bewilderment and misunderstanding among everyone. While most people associate gypsies with thieves and beggars, the gypsy elite are literally drowning in gold and wealth. Today, some gypsies continue to lead a nomadic lifestyle, constantly on the road, and some have chosen a settled, stable life, which, by the way, does not at all prevent them from invariably remaining a separate group and in no way assimilating with the rest of society. TravelAsk presents 20 bright and eloquent photographs that fully demonstrate the peculiarities of life, life and culture of the Roma people.
Scavenger City
Gypsy Quarter
When there is a lot of garbage, it is removed.
Gypsy houses
The houses of rich gypsies have their own style.
Residence of a gypsy baron in Moldova
Local residents even build copies around the world famous monuments architecture.
Interior decoration of houses
The interior decoration of the palaces matches the appearance.
Housing...
But such housing can hardly be called a home. Author of the photo: Maxim Bespalov.
Golden BMW
The chic of gypsy majors.
Vehicle
But for a simple gypsy, one horsepower is enough.
Gypsy Baron
Gold from gypsy jewelry could feed hundreds ordinary gypsies for a long time.
Gypsy "King" of Romania
The most influential and respected baron.
"Golden" youth
Life is full of luxury surrounded by gold and jewelry.
Roma
A family of gypsies shovels sawdust, which they use to heat their home. Author of the photo: Maxim Bespalov.
Parents and children
Mom and children.
We live in dirt and without roads
Breadwinner
Sleepers are also firewood.
Baroness
Not every queen can afford that much gold. Author of the photo: Maxim Bespalov.
A typical representative of the gypsy “elite”
Clothing and jewelry should be as rich as possible.
Gypsy wedding
A gypsy wedding is a closed ceremony. Outsiders are not invited to the holiday.
Gypsy gay wedding
The fun ended in a mass brawl because of a drunken guest who wanted to know what was under the bride’s skirt.
Bride's dress
Chic outfit because large quantity gold weighs more than ten kilograms.
Despite the fact that the absolute majority of gypsies live in Europe, their roots are from the north of Hindustan, this is indicated by scientific data, as well as the self-names of the main gypsy groups. Most often, Gypsies call themselves "Roma" or "Roma", for example, the famous Moscow Gypsy theater is called "Romen". These names go back to the Indo-Aryan "d'om" with the first cerebral sound (somewhere between the sounds "r", "d" and "l") and indicate relatives of the gypsies who now live in India and are called "doms" or " domby". Western European gypsies call themselves "Sinti", which can be associated with the ancestral homeland of the gypsies - the Sindh region in the territory of modern Pakistan. The Gypsies of Spain and Portugal traditionally called themselves "kale", i.e. “black” (cf. the name of the Indian goddess Kali - “black”).
According to linguistic and genetic research, the ancestors of the gypsies left India in a group of about 1 thousand people. Exact time the outcome is unknown, but not earlier than the 6th century AD. After spending several centuries in Persia, the ancestors of the Gypsies reached Byzantium, where they began to be called Atzingans, i.e. untouchable. Derived from the Byzantine name Russian name"gypsies", Bulgarian "tsigani", etc. Gypsies entered Europe through the Balkans in the 12th century. It is in Balkan countries The percentage of the Roma population is the highest today. For example, in Bulgaria the Roma make up 4.9% of the population, in Romania - 3.3%, in Macedonia - 2.85%.
The Gypsies are one of the Aryan (by language) peoples, therefore they were mercilessly exterminated by the Nazis, who declared them to be spoiled Aryans who preferred purity Aryan race. During the Second World War, up to 200 thousand Roma were killed, about 30 thousand of them in the occupied territory of the USSR.
There are now up to 12 million Roma in the world. According to the 2010 census, about 220 thousand Roma live in Russia. The presence of Gypsies in Russia was first recorded in written sources at the beginning of the 18th century. You should not mix Russian gypsies (Ruska Roma) and Central Asian gypsies, called “Lyuli”. Lyuli are Muslims, while Roma are Christians, their languages and origins are also different, and Lyuli are called Gypsies only because of the similarity with the traditional way of life of European Gypsies. Russian gypsies do not consider Lyuli as relatives; they are contemptuously called “lyulyaikas.”
Next are the most beautiful, in my opinion, gypsies. Most of them are Russian gypsies; there is also a Hungarian gypsy and a representative of Spanish-Portuguese gypsies in the ranking. Rita Hayworth is not included in the ranking because... she, contrary erroneous opinion, has no gypsy roots.
16th place. Almaza Plakhotnaya(born May 21, 1982) - dancer, artist of the Romen Theater. Her mother Ekaterina and younger sister Adeline are also artists of the Romen Theater. VK page - https://vk.com/id8816801
15th place. Rada Rai(real name - Elena Gribkova; born April 8, 1979, Magadan) - Russian singer, performer of Russian chanson. Father is a gypsy, mother is Russian. Official website - http://www.radarai.ru/
14th place. Raya (Raisa) Udovikova(after marriage - Bielenberg) - Norwegian singer and actress. Born in 1934 in a gypsy camp near Kursk. In 1966, she married a Norwegian journalist and moved abroad. Since 1967 he lives in Norway (Oslo), works at the National drama theater, performing leading roles in Norwegian, tours in many countries in Europe, America and Asia, performing songs in Russian, Gypsy and Norwegian.
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13th place. (born October 27, 1963) - film actress. For a long time she was an actress at the Romen Theater. artistic director whose father is Nikolai Slichenko. Also working at the Romen Theater is her mother, Nikolai Slichenko’s wife, Tamila Agamirova.
12th place. Angela Lekareva (Batalova)- singer, dancer, artist of the Moscow musical and dramatic gypsy theater "Romen". Born July 28, 1984. On stage since I was two years old. She received mastery lessons from an outstanding choreographer, her mother, Ganga Batalova.
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11th place. Soledad Miranda/ Soledad Miranda (July 9, 1943, Seville, Spain - August 18, 1970) - Spanish actress, dancer and singer. Her parents are Portuguese gypsies.
10th place. Diana Savelyeva(born May 16, 1979, Lviv) - Russian actress and singer, performing the role of Esmeralda in the musical "Notre Dame de Paris", the role of Haide in the musical "Monte Cristo", the role of a gypsy in the musical "Count Orlov". Website - http://saveljeva-diana.narod.ru/ VKontakte page - https://vk.com/id82172048
9th place. Lyudmila Senchina(born December 13, 1950, village of Kudryavtsy, Nikolaev region, Ukraine) - Soviet and Russian singer and actress, People's Artist of Russia.
From an interview with Lyudmila Senchina:
- They say that you are a purebred gypsy? Judging by your appearance, you can't tell...
- My father, grandfather and paternal grandmother are Moldavian gypsies. My dad was born in a gypsy camp. And my mother is Ukrainian.
- Have you inherited anything gypsy?
- Some kind of crazy energy, entrepreneurial spirit, ingenuity, endurance, slight recklessness. I believe that I inherited the most valuable character traits. When a black streak comes, I wave it away recklessly and think: then the road will be something else - brighter and better. I think I took this from my gypsy relatives.
From another interview:
“Dad is one half Gypsy, and the other half Moldavian, the surname Senchin is Moldavian, it has no masculine or feminine gender.”
8th place. Adeline Plakhotnaya(born May 29, 1988) - dancer, model, artist of the Romen Theater. Her mother Ekaterina and older sister Almaza are also artists of the Romen Theater. VK page - https://vk.com/id16515633
7th place. Lilya (Leoncia) Erdenko- singer, successor of the world famous Moscow gypsy dynasty, daughter famous singer Nikolai Erdenko. The Berlin radio station Multikulti named Leoncia the “Queen of Russian Gypsy Music.” Official website - http://www.leonsia.ru/ VKontakte page - https://vk.com/id43823160
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6th place. Lyalya Moldavskaya- dancer, actress, member of the gypsy ensembles "Russka Roma" and "Svenko".
5th place. Nelly Maltseva- dancer. She became the heroine of two issues about dancing in the gypsy electronic magazine "Svenko".
4th place. Rada Matvienko(born September 24, 1991) - Kazakh singer and actress. Performs songs in almost a dozen languages, including Gypsy. VK page - https://vk.com/id51427709
3rd place. Patrina Sharkozy- dancer, actress, singer, performer of the Romen Theater, member of the Svenko ensemble. Played main role gypsy girl Zemfira in the film "Sinful Apostles of Love". Patrina is from a family of Hungarian gypsies, her father is the famous singer Janos Sarkozy. Patrina's VKontakte page - https://vk.com/patrinasharkozi
Patrina Charkozy dressed as an English gypsy
2nd place. Ekaterina Zhemchuzhnaya(born March 28, 1944, Tula) - artist of the Romen Theater, People's Artist of Russia. Maiden name - Alexandrovich. She acted in films as gypsies, for example she played Zoritsa in the Soviet TV series “Eternal Call”. Ekaterina Zhemchuzhnaya is the mother of actress Lyalya Zhemchuzhnaya.
Gypsies can now be found in all corners of the planet, except perhaps Antarctica. In European countries alone, their number is 12 million people. I invite you to learn 11 national habits and characteristics of the Gypsies, some of which will greatly surprise you.
"Gypsies" is a collective term, the same as "Slavs", "Caucasians", "Scandinavians" or "Latin Americans". Several dozen nationalities belong to the gypsies. In many regions of Russia you can still find gypsy camps, they smell of Pushkin's Bessarabia, their language is a rough verbal lump, and their clothes are an endless holiday.
They start families very early
A 14-year-old girl for gypsies is already a potential bride. At weddings and other celebrations where you can dance, all girls over 14 years old will dance until the very end of the celebration, because they know that fathers of sons at the moment look closely and evaluate them. An unmarried gypsy 19 years old is already an old maid.
They ransom brides with jars of gold
On her wedding day, the bride is redeemed in kilograms or “in jars” of gold. The bride's father or brothers, if there is no father, set the price themselves, for example two three liter jars, filled with gold rings, chains, etc.
They show the wedding guests the “honor of the bride”
On the wedding day, gypsies have one exciting moment for everyone, when the older women of the family take the bride into the bedroom and check whether she is a virgin or not. Actually, deflowering is right there, for closed doors, and it happens - without any participation of the groom. Afterwards, the guests are shown a snow-white sheet or shirt with a blood stain on a beautiful large tray.
Wedding between gypsies different countries impossible
For example, there is unlikely to be a wedding between Kotlyars and Russian gypsies, since this is tantamount to a wedding with a non-gypsy. The gypsies of one state see the gypsies of another state as a special people and never maintain contact. Russian gypsies are mostly Orthodox, Crimean and Palestinian are Muslim, Croatian are Catholic.
They often adopt children
A gypsy family must have at least one son. If an heir is not born, then they no longer take risks and take a boy from the orphanage. Moreover, the child can be anyone: Bashkir, Russian, red-haired, freckled, fair-haired, blue-eyed. This is partly the reason for the myth that gypsies kidnap children.
They are reluctant to send their children to school
A child is most often sent to school so that he learns to read, write and count, since from the age of six to eight children are accustomed to adulthood - they begin to help their parents in trade. Therefore, if a gypsy child after the third grade still goes to school for lessons, and does not help his parents in the market, it means that he is wasting his time instead of learning the family business.
For them, a woman cannot stand higher than a man
If a gypsy has a two-story house, no woman can climb to the second floor if a man is on the first. This law is still observed today.
Their women wear two skirts and an apron every day
Women still wear two skirts and an apron. Below the waist, a woman is considered to be “dirty” and “unclean.” The touch of her skirt can “desecrate” not only any object, but also a person. Therefore, the underskirt is considered unclean, since it touches the woman, and the second one is also considered unclean, since it is still slightly soiled by the lower one. Only the apron is considered clean. You can touch it, lean dishes against it, wipe your hands on it.
They have an internal court
In the event of a dispute, respected gypsies gather to listen to the parties' arguments for and against. The gypsies have it important point settlement of relations, and it is not subject to publicity. Punishments can be very different. One of the most serious ones was “they gave me 24”. The guilty gypsy is forced to leave the community and is given 24 hours to do so.
They swear in the coffin
Among the gypsies, the oath ritual is very important to prove that they are right. The most common oath is on an icon. The rarest and in the most intractable situations is the oath in the coffin (among the Kotlyars). If a gypsy wants to prove that he is not guilty, then a special coffin is made for him, in which he must lie down and take an oath. It says that if he is lying at the moment, then he will soon lie in this coffin.
Their children are saving money for their parents' funerals
Gypsy funerals are traditionally rich. Sometimes children spend several years saving money for the funeral of their parents, who are still alive and well at that time. If death came suddenly, then after the burial the relatives will collect money for a decent tombstone. A stone monument with a full-length portrait of the deceased is considered especially “chic”.