Were you a Timurite? Thirty years ago, this question, asked of a recent student, would have caused bewilderment. Almost all the guys in the Soviet Union were Timurites. Helping someone who needs your help and doing it selflessly was a normal human reaction to an event. This can be called morality, it can be education, but the essence was the same - this attitude towards the world around us allowed Soviet children to grow into decent people and worthy citizens.
It is also interesting that the Timurites were often confused with the pioneers. However, this is not the same thing. As a researcher of this issue, historian Alexei Nikolaevich Balakirev, writes, during the Great Patriotic War, out of twenty million schoolchildren, only a third of the children were pioneers. The reason is that in difficult times, when most men went to the front, teachers had no time for political education and children educated themselves. Or rather, they were raised by books and the personal example of their older comrades.
This is how the Timur movement was born. It quickly became popular and grew exponentially. During the five years of the war, there were already three million teenagers in the USSR who proudly called themselves Timurites. These guys were irreplaceable both in the rear and in the partisan movement, and today we also owe our Great Victory to them.
Let's contact the organization
The movement was born in 1940 after the story “Timur and His Team” by Arkady Gaidar was published. The story was completed on August 27, and a week later the excerpt was published in print. Then radio broadcasts began - the success was stunning. A year later, the story was published in large numbers, it was immediately sold out, and more and more were printed. And until the end of the 1970s, the story “Timur and His Team” became one of the most significant and most importantly beloved works of children's literature.
Immediately after the release of the first edition, detachments of Timurites began to appear in all cities and villages of the USSR, like mushrooms after rain. It even happened that in one small village there were two or even three detachments. And they even fought for good deeds: they cut the same firewood twice for the widow of a war hero, swept the yard three times or rinsed the laundry. Such funny things happened.
He did not invent the organization that Gaidar describes, but created it himself in his childhood: he was the commander of a yard team, secretly did good deeds and did not ask for rewards for them. In modern language, the guys who help their neighbors could be called volunteers. And then they were something new and unusual, because teenagers organized themselves, without the participation of adults and without their leadership
Konstantin Paustovsky wrote about a similar yard team; he recalls a case when the boys helped find a very rare medicine and thanks to this, a seriously ill child recovered.
During the war years, the Timur movement acquired a mass character. There were many problems in each yard and the guys, as before, did not work according to orders from above, but decided for themselves what to do and whom to help. But still, if before it was more of a game, now it is necessary help. “Conspiracy” and “secret plans” remained in peacetime, but now there were lists of urgent matters and duty schedules. Around the same time, having appreciated the attractiveness of Timur’s teams, mature people also joined the movement.
Baba Sasha's squad
In 1941, Timurov’s team of 250 children operated in Kyiv, and a team of 200 teenagers gathered in the city of Plast, Chelyabinsk region. She was led by 74-year-old Alexandra Petrovna Rychkova.
One of her former wards recalled that when in August 1941 in the mining town of Plast they learned that a team of Timurites was gathering in the center, all the local guys came running to help the front.
And although at the very first training camp Alexandra Petrovna announced that they would work hard, without discounts for age (and those who changed their minds could immediately leave), the ranks did not move. There were 108 children and teenagers in the ranks. Those who wished were divided into groups, and a leader was appointed for each group.
We acted according to the plan that Baba Shura handed out every day. The plan included helping those in need, political information and ideological work, and holding concerts for the hospital. There were also general tasks that concerned everyone: collecting medicinal plants, preparing firewood, collecting scrap metal for the front, and other current affairs. And there were many of them: work in the fields, patronage of the families of front-line soldiers, many worked as nannies for other people’s children while their parents worked.
Over the course of six months of active work, the detachment gained an impeccable reputation. And then the authorities allocated them an empty room in which the headquarters was located. The Trimurites are here, and local residents, carried gifts for soldiers at the front and for hospitals: knitted socks, sleeveless vests, scarves, hats, mittens.
It is also interesting that gold was mined in the mines near the city of Plast, for which we, the USSR, bought from America and Britain military equipment and products. The main mining work was done by the miners, but if the lights suddenly went out (and this happened often), the employees called Timurovites for help. The boys descended underground and, together with the adults, lifted a heavy load to the surface.
Another task that they were entrusted with was that they crawled into the dumps and selected from the already mined rocks what the miners had missed.
Despite being so busy, the children still went to school. Their military work did not go unnoticed - the detachment from the town of Plast was written about more than once in Soviet newspapers. And today a mention of this Timurov team can be found in the encyclopedia of the Great Patriotic War.
Under the wing of power
In 1942, the pedagogical community became worried: Timur’s teams began to replace and displace pioneer organizations. The fact came to light that the pioneer organization had been disbanded in the capital. The Komsomol members got scared and began active work to merge the Pioneers and Timurites. In the final, Timur's team took control. There were both pros and cons here. We can talk about this for a long time. But the point is that now the Timurites have lost their freedom of choice; they have been transferred to the category of an additional form of work of the pioneer organization. And some researchers believe that the movement died in the 60s and 70s.
I'm not a historian. Born in 1979. And my childhood was in the second half of the eighties. I remember long lines, coupons, lump sugar instead of sweets. But I also remember how I was part of the Timurov school team in the town of Saratov, Odessa region.
We carried water to grandmothers, cleaned apartments for disabled people, helped in gardens and played with other people's children. I don’t remember doing all this under pressure. On the contrary, she was proud that she was able to bring benefit to her country and do something good for someone. My school friends thought so too. That's how we were raised.
Therefore, talk about what last years In the USSR, the Timur movement has outlived its usefulness, I consider them dishonest.
Today Timurites can be called volunteers, or volunteers. There are squads at schools and sports clubs. But still this is a little different. Because new times give birth to new idols. And this is inevitable.
As psychologists explain, teenagers need to form groups and have common hobbies. That’s how they, or rather, you and I, people, are structured. But what kind of groups these are, and what kind of hobbies they are, is determined by time. Or rather, those adults who are at this time are making this story today. For example, during the war there were Timurites in the USSR, and a little later, boys ran to conquer the North, build the Baikal-Amur Mainline, and develop virgin lands. In the 70s there were hippies, in the 90s the skinhead movement flourished.
Now being reborn search parties, patriotic movements, sports clubs, they say that in some places there are new Timurites. It is unlikely that they will be able to be a real alternative to “those” Timurovites, but it’s good that they exist. Now the theme of love for the Motherland, for Russia is coming to the fore and this gives us hope that in the near future we will see a new generation. And it will be better than us...
If the name Timur Garayev means something to you, then as a child you also loved to read stories about the adventures of responsible guys who tried to make the world a better place. The story “Timur and His Team,” published in 1940 by Arkady Gaidar, became a cult favorite and was passed down from generation to generation. Are there such Timurites now?
Volunteering these days is becoming increasingly popular among young people not only in the country, region, but also in our Kardymovsky district. Volunteers are those people who do good at the call of their hearts. They are called when help is needed.
On November 27, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a Decree establishing Volunteer Day in Russia. New holiday will be celebrated annually on December 5th. The establishment of the corresponding date is timed to “ International Day volunteers for the sake of economic and social development", which was established in 1985 by a resolution of the UN General Assembly.
In recent years, the volunteer movement, which appeared in the 80s, has begun to actively revive in our country. Although, if you look into history, it should be noted that it has always existed, for example, in the form of the sisters of mercy service, the pioneer movement, various nature conservation societies and monuments.
As the leading specialist on youth affairs of the district Department of Education, preschool curator Dina Stolyarova said, on the territory municipality Today, several volunteer movements are actively working in the Kardymovsky District and providing all possible assistance to the population - about 600 schoolchildren from all over the region.
These are children's public associations: “Coeval” under the leadership of V.I. Velikopolskaya (village Tyushino), “Gagarintsy” and RDS under the leadership of E.F. Nesterova (Kardymovo settlement), “Friends of Nature” under the leadership of A.G. Kovaleva (village Shokino), “Commonwealth” under the leadership of O.A. Yakunenkova (village Ryzhkovo), “Native Spaces” under the leadership of E.Yu. Frolenkova (village Solovevo), “Rubezh” under the direction of N.M. Derbilova (village Tirya), “Rainbow” under the direction of S.I. Golovina (village Kamenka), “Friendship” under the direction of A.Sh. Kironova (village Shestakovo). They brought together completely different (in age, social status and many other indicators) guys who are united by the desire to help those in need, to be useful to people. Kardymov Timurovites are guys from 9 to 18 years old. They were fascinated by the experience of their Soviet predecessors, who helped the elderly, veterans and those who various reasons needs help.
Based on Kardymovskaya high school To date, 35 young people have received personal volunteer books; these are students in grades 8, 9, 10 and 11. The former participants grew up, graduated from school, left the volunteer movement, and entered higher education. educational establishments. The current lineup was formed a year ago, replacing the previous one. Most recently, in November 2017, 25 active children from Kardymovskaya Secondary School joined the ranks of volunteers.
“Anyone can become a volunteer, regardless of age,” says Dina Mikhailovna. “Our volunteers are involved in cleaning monuments, local areas of WWII participants and labor veterans, and in organizing and conducting various events. The main thing is to have a desire, a desire to help and clearly understand that this is not a job that generates income, but an internal state. Children who are passionate about volunteer activities unite together to make our lives kinder. Such youth groups include active Kardymov high school students who work for the good of society without asking for anything in return. They have a lot of useful things ahead of them. Now the main issue on the agenda is organizing New Year’s events.”
On the eve of Volunteer Day, member of the volunteer movement, secretary of the public youth movement, Arina Lavrenova told us what it was like to always be where help is needed.
— How did you become a volunteer?
— We were offered to join a volunteer society, and we agreed. After all, becoming a volunteer is a person’s own choice. During this time, we have become more active, organized, responsible, and most importantly - responsive!
— Who guides you, where do you get information about where your help is needed?
— In our work, we closely cooperate with the administration of the Kardymovsky district, in particular, with the specialist of the Education Department for Youth Affairs Dina Mikhailovna Stolyarova, the director of the sports and recreation center Sergei Sergeevich Anufriev and specialists from the Cultural Center.
— What kind of help do you provide?
— Volunteer help is required in the most different cases. This is assistance in holding events on a district and regional scale, cleaning areas, holding events, various cultural, patriotic, entertainment events, and we also help older people. Every event is important and significant for us. But there are special and memorable ones, for example, the three-day festival “Solovieva Crossing” - this is the most striking, large-scale event. Among the recent Spartakiads for disabled people, where our duties included: meeting and escorting athletes to the place, participating in the opening of the Spartakiad. And also congratulations on Mother’s Day, presentation of flowers self made, laying flowers on mass grave Kardymovo village for the Day of the Unknown Soldier.
Now we are preparing for the New Year. We have not yet decided what kind of events will be held - the main thing is to do more good deeds and try to be useful to those who need help.
—Who can join your ranks?
— We always welcome new guys. To join the squad, you need to be active and really want to do good deeds. Now they are paying more attention to volunteers - they have begun to issue certificates, the presence of which means certain privileges when entering educational institutions. And many join our ranks precisely for this reason, and when we need help and we turn to them, there are constant refusals with various excuses. We want to have more people, but we don’t just need them for show or numbers. " Dead Souls“We don’t need it.
— What did volunteering give you?
“This is, first of all, useful for society, for our native village.” We don’t wander around the streets idle, every day is scheduled. By participating in various events, we always learn something new, and then share the information received with others. And this is also one of the areas of our activity.
— Thanks to the Kardymov volunteers and good luck in their good deeds!
Volunteers work for the benefit of society without asking for anything in return, which is another reason why they are honored with their own holiday. Selfless actions in modern world– are rare, but they are so necessary. So on December 5, we should thank all those people who work for free and help people.
There have been, are and will be followers of Timur Garayev’s case in our country! And if as a child, reading Arkady Gaidar’s story, you learned to sympathize and help those in need, then you have every opportunity to become modern Timurites - volunteers!
No. 48 from 12/8/17
The Timur movement arose at the very beginning of the 40s of the twentieth century, immediately after the publication of Arkady Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team.” At first, these were spontaneously formed “teams” (detachments, squads) that helped adults in the same way as was described in the story. This movement reached its greatest flourishing during the war years, when children gained greater independence after their fathers went to the front and began to help the country at war. In the post-war famine of the 40s and 50s, we helped disabled people and families of the dead with housework, raised poultry and rabbits.
In the 60-70s, Timurov’s squads were in every school in the country. In principle, their functions did not change, but their external side became stronger, very reminiscent of the one that Arkady Gaidar opposed in “Timur’s Oath”: in each city there was a “chief Timur”, a city headquarters, and regular meetings were held. ceremonial lines with winning reports. In fact, Timur’s headquarters turned into additional schools of leaders, and in many cases more effective than pioneer squads and school Komsomol organizations, since leadership in Timur’s squads was still aimed at practical matters.
By the end of the 80s, the Timur movement, like the Pioneer and Komsomol movements, had finally become formalized and actually degenerated. Years of crisis of the 90s and beginning of the XXI centuries have passed almost without Timur's movement.
Today the task is to revive and develop the Timur movement in Russia. Is this possible and is it necessary?
For many reasons of a socio-economic and political nature, we were deprived for a long time of an organization designed to raise children and organize their reasonable leisure time. This could not but cause a surge in many negative phenomena that began to seriously worry society: increased crime among teenagers and, in particular, the movement of so-called skinheads, fans sports clubs, alcoholism and drug addiction, idle pastime with a bottle of beer in hand, extreme individualism and aggressiveness of some and avoidance of reality in computer games others. To avoid the deepening and expansion of these negative processes, the revival and development of the Timur movement is necessary. It will help organize reasonable and creative leisure time for children and will contribute to raising children in the spirit of national moral values: patriotism, a sense of mercy, compassion and mutual assistance, the desire to work for the good of their neighbors. And this education needs to start as early as possible. It is possible that from older preschool age.
On the other hand, society needs Timur’s movement. As strange as it may seem, we will no longer be able to cope without the help of children. Is the Timur movement, that is, voluntary and free help from children to adults, possible in our mercantile age? Of course, in the form in which it is described in the story “Timur and His Team,” the revival of the Timur movement is practically impossible. The fact is that in those years when Arkady Gaidar’s story was studied at school, for some reason they ignored the fact that the children organized their team during the holidays, in a holiday village, being there not with their parents, but under supervision, and not very tough, grandmother (Nyurka), grandfather (Kolya Kolokolchikov), uncle (Timur), older sister (Zhenya). Leisure, not limited by everyday academic duties, and the absence of petty supervision allowed the children to independently create their own self-governing small organization (team). Modern schoolchildren do not have such unlimited leisure time.
The second thing that makes it difficult to revive the Timur movement in the form it was in the story “Timur and His Team” is precisely what the writer himself considered most effective - the atmosphere of play and mystery. In a modern criminogenic environment, such a game would be perceived with even greater caution, especially since nowadays it is much more likely to fall under the influence of a negative leader, or even a criminal “authority,” than under the influence of a positive one. In order to play such games and avoid the influence of crime, you must first find and train thousands of active teenagers capable of leading Timurov’s teams. Business games and specialized shifts in “I am a Leader” camps, which have experience in many cities, including Arzamas, can help with this preparation. The new Timurs can also be helped in their work by so-called street psychologists, who have been working with teenagers in the West for quite a long time, and now they are trying to introduce this position in our large cities.
The school should also not stand aside from the organization of the Timur movement. But at the same time, there is a danger that class teachers, who had experience in this direction in the 80s, will not be able to avoid the temptation to use “old, proven” methods of work, which at one time led the Timur movement to degenerate into ordinary compulsory education. “working out”, which causes nothing in children except boredom and a feeling of wasted time. The school is faced with the task of finding new forms of organizing Timurov’s work that may be of interest to modern children.
Replacing command-administrative forms with partnerships between adults and children is one of the central tasks in organizing the Timur movement at the present stage.
And another problem that needs to be solved is working with parents. Parents of today's 10-12 year old children, who have survived all the economic and political upheavals and have experienced massive financial pressure mass media who promoted Western values of individualism and personal success at any cost are unlikely to take a favorable view of their children wasting time on “someone else’s uncle.” Class teachers it is necessary to provide for appropriate work with parents.
In the West in last decades There is a volunteer movement of young people (high school students, students) to help those who need it. This movement is also beginning to develop here in Russia. It is also in hometown Arkady Gaidar Arzamas. For example, the youth organization “Cossack Spas” patronizes children at risk, completely voluntarily, at the behest of the heart, free of charge. At the same time, there are still many problems in organizing the volunteer movement that arise from a lack of understanding of the essence of this movement, from “obligations,” and from attempts to get some benefits.
Natalya BELYANKOVA, director of the scientific and methodological center of the Arzamas State Pedagogical Institute named after A.P. Gaidar, candidate of pedagogical sciences
Timurov movement a mass patriotic movement of pioneers and schoolchildren, the content of which is civic concern for people in need of help. Originated in the USSR in the early 40s. influenced by A.P. Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team” as a movement to help military families. Etc. - an effective (with game elements) form of social useful activity children, promoting their moral education, development of initiative and initiative. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, Timurov's teams and detachments operated in schools, orphanages, at palaces and houses of pioneers and other non-school institutions, at the place of residence; in the RSFSR alone there were over 2 million Timurites. Timurites patronized hospitals, families of soldiers and officers Soviet army, orphanages and kindergartens, helped harvest the harvest, worked for the defense fund; in the post-war period they provide assistance to the disabled, war and labor veterans, and the elderly; care for the graves of fallen soldiers. In the 60s The search work of the Timurites to study the life of Gaidar greatly contributed to the opening of memorial museums of the writer in Arzamas and Lgov. Using funds collected by Timur's members, a library-museum named after. Gaidar. In the early 70s. For practical guide Timur associations by the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization (See All-Union Pioneer Organization) named after. V.I. Lenin created the All-Union Timur Headquarters under the editorial office of the magazine “Pioneer”, and local republican, regional, district and city headquarters. Traditional gatherings of Timur members are held regularly. In 1973, the 1st All-Union meeting of Timurites (about 3.5 thousand delegates) took place in Artek, which adopted a program for the development of etc. The traditions of etc. found their expression and development in the voluntary participation of children and adolescents in the improvement of cities and villages, nature conservation, and assistance labor collectives adults, etc. Timurov teams and detachments were created in the pioneer organizations of the GDR, People's Republic of Belarus, Poland, Vietnam, Czechoslovakia. Lit.: Ukhyankin S.P., Timur Pioneers, M., 1961; Kamov B.K., Ordinary biography (Arkady Gaidar), M., 1971; Furin S. A., Simonova L. S., Young Timurovites, M., 1975. S. A. Furin.
Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what the “Timurov movement” is in other dictionaries:
It arose in the USSR among pioneers and schoolchildren in the beginning. 1940s under the influence of the story by A.P. Gaidar, Timur and his team. We provided assistance to the families of military personnel and veterans, as well as the elderly, kindergartens, looked after the graves of fallen soldiers, etc... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
It arose in the USSR among pioneers and schoolchildren in the early 1940s. under the influence of A.P. Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team”. They provided assistance to the families of military personnel and veterans, as well as the elderly, kindergartens, looked after the graves of fallen soldiers, etc... encyclopedic Dictionary
Timurov movement- TIMUROV MOVEMENT, mass patriotic. movement of pioneers and schoolchildren, the goal is to care for people in need of help. At the end of the 1930s. In some pioneer detachments, an initiative arose for patronage of military families, expressing... ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia
movement- , iya, wed. 1. Movement in space in which l. direction. == Progressive movement towards communism. pathet. Titarenko, 6. 2. Social activity, pursuing certain goals. * Revolutionary movement. MAS, vol. 1, 368. ◘ I... Dictionary language of the Council of Deputies
Emblem of the pioneer organization of the USSR Pioneer movement movement of children's communist organizations in the USSR and in other countries. Modeled after the scouting movement, the pioneer movement differed from ... Wikipedia
Children's movement- children's social movement, a set of activities of various children's public organizations and children's public associations; one of the forms of socially significant activities of children and youth. The term children's and... Pedagogical terminological dictionary
Timurovets is a concept from Soviet times, denoting an exemplary pioneer who performs free of charge good deeds for the benefit of socialist society. Derived from the book “Timur and His Team” by Arkady Gaidar, the hero of which, Timur, ... ... Wikipedia
Timurites- members of societies. movements within the framework of the All. pioneer organization named after. V.I. Lenin, primarily in the 1940s. Published in 1940. pov A.P. Gaidar Timur and his team, who set an example of self-organization for children. team without control and... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
Timurovskaya Street runs from Demyan Bedny Street to Ushinsky Street. On October 2, 1970, a new street in the Kalininsky district was named Timurovskaya. “In honor of the patriotic education of pioneers,” the decision stated. IN … St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
ALL-UNION PIONEER ORGANIZATION, mass amateur communist organization of children and teenagers Soviet Union, formed on May 19, 1922, bore the name of V. I. Lenin since 1924; as a single organization ceased operations in the early 1990s... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Timur and his team, Gaidar A.. The story “Timur and his team” was written in 1940 and immediately became a favorite book of millions of young readers, and Timur’s movement - to selflessly help those in need - literally...
During the Great Patriotic War, the Timur movement arose - a mass patriotic movement of schoolchildren and pioneers, whose ideology called for being useful to the Motherland. “Timurovets” is a title that obliges the guys to be disciplined and evokes noble and patriotic actions in them. Their activities had enormous socio-political and pedagogical significance.
Timurites provided assistance to the families of front-line soldiers: they renovated apartments, looked after the sick and children, and helped with housework. They considered one of the most important aspects of their activity to be monitoring the condition of the roads along which troops and ammunition were transported to the front.
It is impossible not to note the work of this movement in sponsored hospitals. The guys organized amateur art concerts, were on duty in hospitals, wrote letters at the request of the wounded, and performed various chores. Each Timur member had his own business.
In August 1941, 5 thousand schoolchildren were engaged in agricultural work. Teenagers aged 11-13 worked in the fields of collective farms, learned to reap rye, collected the remaining ears of corn and knitted sheaves. From scrap metal collected by the Timurites, the Tanya tank was built and sent to the front, named after the feat of the brave girl 3rd Kosmodemyanskaya.
During the war, the enterprises produced: boxes for mines, brake pads for tanks, sapper blades, skis, anti-personnel mines, casings for aircraft bombs, barrels for mortars, camouflage nets, spoons, and soldiers' bowlers. Behind all this is the work of the Timurov children, who replaced the men who went to the front at the machines.
The patriotic activities of the Timurov pioneers received well-deserved recognition from the soldiers of the army and navy, and were highly appreciated by the Communist Party and the Soviet government. The main driving force behind all thoughts and aspirations, willful efforts and practical deeds was the ardent desire of the children to give all their strength to the Motherland.
Heroes-Pioneers
During the Great Patriotic War, many pioneers were part of partisan detachments. There they were used for tasks that adults could not complete. For example, they were sent on reconnaissance. The teenagers, ragged and emaciated, did not arouse suspicion among the German administration. They could freely appear in cities and bring the necessary information about the location of troops, the number of guards at important facilities, etc. The partisans also used them for sabotage. They participated in train bombings and poisoned food in German soldiers' kitchens. Children often participated in underground activities.
For military services, tens of thousands of children and pioneers were awarded orders and medals. Four pioneer heroes were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova.
Leonid Golikov
Born on June 17, 1926 in the village of Lukino, which is located on the banks of the Polo River. Graduated from 5th grade. When his native village was occupied by the Nazis, the boy joined a partisan detachment.
Lenya has been in reconnaissance more than once and participated in the burning of enemy warehouses and trains. One of the most important battles in his life was a one-on-one fight with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by Golikov knocked out an enemy car from which a Nazi with a briefcase got out and, firing back, ran away. Without being confused, the boy rushed after him. After a kilometer of chase, Lenya kills the general. What was in the general's briefcase was great value: drawings and descriptions of new samples of German mines, inspection reports to higher command and a number of other papers.
On account of the reconnaissance group in which Golikov was a member there were: 78 German soldiers and officers, two railway and 12 highway bridges, two fodder warehouses and 10 vehicles with ammunition.
Leonid Golikov died on January 24, 1943 in an unequal battle in the village Spicy Luka Pskov region, where the enemy was especially fierce, sensing imminent reprisals.
On April 2, 1944, a decree was issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to award pioneer partisan Lena Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.