Shvabrin in the Belogorsk fortress. Test based on the story by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" educational and methodological manual on literature (grade 7) on the topic. General characteristics of Grinev

Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress.

Main character stories by Pyotr Grinev. He appears before us as a young man from a poor noble family. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, was a simple military man. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the regiment. Peter was educated at home. At first he was taught by Savelich, a faithful servant. Later, a Frenchman was specially hired for him. But instead of gaining knowledge, Peter chased pigeons. According to established tradition, noble children had to serve. So Grinev’s father sent him to serve, but not in the elite Semyonovsky regiment, as Peter thought, but to Orenburg, so that his son could experience real life, so that a soldier comes out, not a shamaton.

But fate threw Petrusha not just to Orenburg, but to the distant Belogorsk fortress, which was an old village with wooden houses, surrounded by a log fence. The only weapon was an old cannon, and it was filled with rubbish. The entire team of the fortress consisted of disabled people. Such a fortress made a depressing impression on Grinev. Peter was very upset...

But gradually life in the fortress becomes bearable. Peter becomes close to the family of Captain Mironov, the commandant of the fortress. He is accepted there as a son and taken care of. Soon Peter falls in love with Maria Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. His first love turned out to be mutual, and everything seemed fine. But then it turns out that Shvabrin, an officer exiled to the fortress for a duel, had already wooed Masha, but Maria refused him, and Shvabrin takes revenge by denigrating the girl’s name. Grinev stands up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenges Shvabrin to a duel, where he is wounded. After recovery, Peter asks his parents for his parents’ blessing to marry Mary, but his father, angry at the news of the duel, refuses him, reproaching him for this and saying that Peter is still young and stupid. Masha, passionately loving Peter, does not agree to marriage without the blessing of her parents. Grinev is very upset and upset. Maria tries to avoid him. He no longer visits the commandant's family, life becomes more and more unbearable for him.

But at this time the Belogorsk fortress is in danger. The Pugachev army approaches the walls of the fortress and quickly captures it. All residents immediately recognize Pugachev as their emperor, except for commandant Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. They were hanged for disobedience to the “one and true emperor.” It was Grinev’s turn; he was immediately led to the gallows. Peter walked forward, looked death in the face boldly and courageously, preparing to die. But then Savelich threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and stood up for the boyar’s child. Emelyan ordered Grinev to be brought to him and ordered him to kiss his hand, recognizing his power. But Peter did not break his word and remained faithful to Empress Catherine II. Pugachev got angry, but remembering the hare sheepskin coat given to him, he generously released Grinev. Soon they met again. Grinev was traveling from Orenburg to save Masha from Shvabrin when the Cossacks caught him and took him to Pugachev’s “palace”. Having learned about their love and that Shvabrin was forcing a poor orphan to marry him, Emelyan decided to go to the fortress with Grinev to help the orphan. When Pugachev found out that the orphan was the commandant’s daughter, he got angry, but then he released Masha and Grinev, keeping his word: “To execute like this, to execute like this, to favor like that: that’s my custom.”

The Belogorsk fortress greatly influenced Peter. From an inexperienced youth, Grinev turns into young man capable of protecting his love, maintaining loyalty and honor, and able to judge people sensibly. \

Test based on the story by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter".

1. From what object, necessary for teaching, did Petrusha Grinev build a flying kite?

A) desk

B) general notebook

B) geographical map

D) the book “Arithmetic” by L.F. Magnitsky

D) wooden ruler

2. What was the name of the “teacher”, the Frenchman Petrushi?

A) Monsieur Dobre

B) Monsieur Montgolfier

B) Monsieur Coupet

D) Monsieur Beaupré

D) Monsieur Jacques

3. Who, bidding Pyotr Grinev on his way, said: “... take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.”?

A) Avdotya Vasilievna (mother)

B) crooked cowshed Akulka

B) Andrey Petrovich Grinev (father)

D) Savelich

D) Pushkin

4. What was the name of the billiard captain who won 100 rubles from Grinev in the Simbirsk tavern?

A) Ivan Ivanovich Zurin

B) Alexey Iv. Shvabrin

B) Ivan Kuzmich Mironov

D) Denis Iv. Davydov

D) Fedor Fedorovich Shponka

5. Who is a barber?

A) hairdresser and part-time doctor/doctor

B) circus performer and part-time horse thief

B) tavern holder (tavern holder)

D) minister in Muslim mosques

D) a gypsy who returned to a nomadic lifestyle

6. Who did Marya Ivanovna hide with when the rebels took over the fortress?

A) at Grinev’s

B) at Shvabrin's

B) at the priest Akulina Pamfilovna

D) from General Ivan Karpovich

D) at the constable Maksimych

7. Pugachev’s further “plans”?

A) to Paris!

B) to America!

B) to St. Petersburg

D) to Moscow

D) to Siberia

8. Who did Grinev want to take as his second for the duel with Shvabrin?

A) Savelich

B) Ivan Ignatyich - disabled

B) Pugacheva

D) Ivan Kuzmicha - commandant

D) no one

9. What name of the emperor did Pugachev appropriate for himself?

A) Ivan the Terrible

B) Emelyan II

B) Peter III

D) Nicholas II

D) Alexander the Great VIII

10. To whom did Grinev give his hare sheepskin coat?

A) Selifan

B) Shvabrina

B) Savelich

D) Masha Mironova

D) Pugachev

11. Why was Shvabrin transferred to the Belogorsk fortress?

A) for drunkenness

B) for theft

B) for treason

D) for murder

D) for making false banknotes

12. Which literary creation did he dedicate? Grinev Masha Mironova?

A) poem

B) a novel with a prologue and epilogue

B) an editorial in “Gubernskie Vesti”

D) prose poem (a la Turgenev)

D) ditty (a la russe)

13. What did Masha give to Grinev when they said goodbye on the eve of the capture of the fortress by the Pugachevites?

A) a letter to relatives

B) pistol

B) pouch

D) sword

D) hat

14. Whom did Pugachev leave as commandant (head) of the Belogorsk fortress after the execution of Ivan Kuzmich?

A) Grineva

B) Mop

B) Zurina

D) Bashkir

D) police officer

15. What did Pugachev grant to Grinev when Petrusha was leaving for Orenburg?

A) Bashkir horse, sheepskin sheepskin coat, half money

B) 2 horses, hare sheepskin coat

B) bottle of wine, 5 groschen

D) a sable hat and a robe with fox fur

D) a gun and several cartridges for it

16. Who gave Grinev a letter from Marya Ivanovna when Petrusha was leaving

shoot under the wall of the Orenburg fortress?

A) Savelich

B) Masha herself

B) priest Akulina Pamfilovna

D) constable Maksimych (on Pugach’s side)

D) Grinev’s father – Andrei Petrovich

17. What did Shvabrin want to do with Masha after the 3-day period had expired?

A) kill

B) severely beat

C) send to a monastery

D) kiss

D) get married

18. What is PUNCH?

A) nickname

B) hairstyle, fashionable in the 18th century

C) an alcoholic drink made from rum, diluted with water and boiled with sugar, lemon and other fruits

G) piece of music(march)

D) extra earnings (jackpot)

19. Who told Grinev: “If you get married, you’ll never get lost”?

A) Shvabrin

B) Savelich

B) Grinev’s father

D) Commandant Mironov

D) Zurin

20. Who reported about Grinev’s “friendship” with Pugachev to the Investigative Commission in Kazan?

A) Shvabrin

B) Masha Mironova

B) Savelich

D) Pushkin

D) constable of the Belogorsk fortress

21. Who helped Marya Ivanovna rescue Pyotr Grinev from prison?

A) Anna Vlasevna (niece of the court stoker)

B) Catherine II

B) Palashka (girlfriend of Marya Ivanovna)

D) Savelich

D) Ivan Ivanovich Mikhelson

22. In what year did A.S. Did Pushkin write the story "The Captain's Daughter"?

A) 1838

B) 1836

B) 1825

D) 1901

D) 1877

Key to the test based on the story by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”.

1.c; 2.g; 3.c; 4.a; 5.c; 6.c; 7.g; 8.b; 9.c; 10.d; 11.g; 12.song; 13.g; 14.g; 15.a; 16.g; 17.a;

18.c; 19.d; 20.a; 21.b; 22.b.

We live in a fort
We eat bread and drink water;
And how fierce enemies
They will come to us for pies,
Let's give the guests a feast:
Let's load the cannon with buckshot.
Soldier's song
Old people, my father.
Minor

The Belogorsk fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg. The road went along the steep bank of the Yaik. The river had not yet frozen, and its leaden waves sadly turned black in the monotonous banks covered with white snow. Behind them stretched the Kyrgyz steppes. I plunged into thoughts, mostly sad. Garrison life had little attraction for me. I tried to imagine Captain Mironov, my future boss, and imagined him as a strict, angry old man, who knew nothing except his service, and was ready to put me under arrest for bread and water for every trifle. Meanwhile, it began to get dark. We drove pretty quickly. “How far is it to the fortress?” – I asked my driver. “Not far,” he answered. “It’s already visible.” – I looked in all directions, expecting to see formidable bastions, towers and ramparts; but I saw nothing except a village surrounded by a log fence. On one side stood three or four haystacks, half-covered with snow; on the other, a crooked mill, with its popular wings lazily lowered. “Where is the fortress?” – I asked in surprise. “Yes, here it is,” answered the coachman, pointing to the village, and with that word we drove into it. At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; The huts are low and mostly covered with straw. I ordered to go to the commandant, and a minute later the wagon stopped in front of a wooden house built on a high place, near the wooden church.

Nobody met me. I went into the hallway and opened the door to the hallway. An old invalid, sitting on a table, was sewing a blue patch onto the elbow of his green uniform. I told him to report me. “Come in, father,” answered the disabled man, “our houses.” I entered a clean room, decorated in an old-fashioned way. There was a cupboard with dishes in the corner; on the wall hung an officer's diploma behind glass and in a frame; Beside him were popular prints depicting the capture of Kistrin and Ochakov, as well as the choice of a bride and the burial of a cat. An old woman in a padded jacket and with a scarf on her head was sitting by the window. She was unwinding the threads, which were held, spread out in his arms, by a crooked old man in an officer's uniform. “What do you want, father?” – she asked, continuing her lesson. I answered that I had come to work and appeared on duty to the captain, and with this word I addressed the crooked old man, mistaking him for the commandant; but the hostess interrupted my speech. “Ivan Kuzmich is not at home,” she said, “he went to visit Father Gerasim; It doesn’t matter, father, I’m his owner. Please love and respect. Sit down, father." She called the girl and told her to call the policeman. The old man looked at me with curiosity with his lonely eye. “I dare to ask,” he said, “in which regiment did you deign to serve?” I satisfied his curiosity. “And I dare to ask,” he continued, “why did you deign to move from the guard to the garrison?” I answered that such was the will of the authorities. “Of course, for actions indecent to a guard officer,” continued the tireless questioner. “Stop lying about nonsense,” the captain’s wife told him, “you see, the young man is tired from the road; he has no time for you... (keep your arms straight...). And you, my father,” she continued, turning to me, “don’t be sad that you were relegated to our outback. You are not the first, you are not the last. He will endure it, he will fall in love. Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin has been transferred to us for murder for five years now. God knows what sin befell him; As you can see, he went out of town with one lieutenant, and they took swords with them, and, well, they stabbed each other; and Alexey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant, and in front of two witnesses! What do you want me to do? There is no master of sin."

At that moment the constable, a young and stately Cossack, entered. “Maksimych! - the captain told him. “Give the mister officer an apartment, and a cleaner one.” “I’m listening, Vasilisa Yegorovna,” answered the constable. “Shouldn’t his honor be placed with Ivan Polezhaev?” “You’re lying, Maksimych,” said the captain’s wife, “Polezhaev’s place is already crowded; He’s my godfather and remembers that we are his bosses. Take the officer... what is your name and patronymic, my father? Pyotr Andreich?.. Take Pyotr Andreich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden. Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?”

“Everything, thank God, is quiet,” answered the Cossack, “only Corporal Prokhorov got into a fight in the bathhouse with Ustinya Negulina over a bunch of hot water.”

- Ivan Ignatyich! - the captain said to the crooked old man. – Sort out Prokhorov and Ustinya, who is right and who is wrong. Punish both of them. Well, Maksimych, go with God. Pyotr Andreich, Maksimych will take you to your apartment.

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. Audiobook

I took my leave. The constable led me to a hut that stood on a high bank of the river, at the very edge of the fortress. Half of the hut was occupied by Semyon Kuzov’s family, the other was given to me. It consisted of one rather neat room, divided in two by a partition. Savelich began to manage it; I began to look out the narrow window. The sad steppe stretched out before me. Several huts stood diagonally; There were several chickens wandering around the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called to the pigs, who answered her with friendly grunts. And this is where I was condemned to spend my youth! Longing took me; I walked away from the window and went to bed without dinner, despite the admonitions of Savelich, who repeated with contrition: “Lord, master! he won’t eat anything! What will the lady say if the child falls ill?

The next morning, I had just begun to dress when the door opened, and a young officer of short stature, with a dark and distinctly ugly face, but extremely lively, came in to see me. “Excuse me,” he told me in French, “for coming to meet you without ceremony. Yesterday I learned about your arrival; The desire to finally see a human face took such hold of me that I could not stand it. You will understand this when you live here some more time.” I guessed that it was an officer who had been discharged from the Guards for the duel. We met immediately. Shvabrin was not very stupid. His conversation was witty and entertaining. With great gaiety, he described to me the commandant’s family, his society and the region where fate had brought me. I was laughing from the bottom of my heart when the same invalid who was mending his uniform in the commandant’s front room came in and called me to dine with them on behalf of Vasilisa Yegorovna. Shvabrin volunteered to go with me.

Approaching the commandant's house, we saw about twenty old disabled people with long braids and wearing tricorn hats. They were lined up in front. The commandant stood in front, a vigorous and tall old man, wearing a cap and a Chinese robe. Seeing us, he came up to us, said a few kind words to me and began to command again. We stopped to look at the teaching; but he asked us to go to Vasilisa Yegorovna, promising to follow us. “And here,” he added, “there is nothing for you to see.”

Vasilisa Egorovna received us easily and cordially and treated me as if she had known her for a century. The invalid and Palashka were setting the table. “Why did my Ivan Kuzmich study like that today! - said the commandant. - Broadsword, call the master to dinner. Where is Masha?” - Then a girl of about eighteen came in, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire. At first glance I didn't really like her. I looked at her with prejudice: Shvabrin described Masha to me, captain's daughter, a complete fool. Marya Ivanovna sat down in the corner and began to sew. Meanwhile, cabbage soup was served. Vasilisa Yegorovna, not seeing her husband, sent Palashka for him a second time. “Tell the master: the guests are waiting, the cabbage soup will catch a cold; thank God, the teaching will not go away; will have time to shout." “The captain soon appeared, accompanied by a crooked old man. “What is this, my father? - his wife told him. “The food was served a long time ago, but you can’t get enough.” “And listen, Vasilisa Egorovna,” answered Ivan Kuzmich, “I was busy with service: teaching little soldiers.” - “And, that’s enough! - the captain objected. “Only glory that you teach soldiers: neither they are given service, nor do you know the sense of it.” I would sit at home and pray to God; it would be better that way. Dear guests, you are welcome to the table.”

We sat down to dinner. Vasilisa Egorovna did not stop talking for a minute and showered me with questions: who are my parents, are they alive, where do they live and what is their condition? Hearing that the priest has three hundred souls of peasants, “Isn’t it easy! - she said, - there are rich people in the world! And here, my father, we only have one girl, Palashka, but thank God, we live small. One problem: Masha; a girl of marriageable age, what is her dowry? a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), with which to go to the bathhouse. Okay, if you can find it a kind person; Otherwise you’ll sit as an eternal bride among the girls.” – I looked at Marya Ivanovna; she turned all red, and even tears dripped onto her plate. I felt sorry for her and hurried to change the conversation. “I heard,” I said rather inopportunely, “that the Bashkirs are going to attack your fortress.” - “From whom, father, did you deign to hear this?” – asked Ivan Kuzmich. “That’s what they told me in Orenburg,” I answered. “Nothing! - said the commandant. “We haven’t heard anything for a long time.” The Bashkirs are a scared people, and the Kyrgyz have also been taught a lesson. They probably won’t come at us; and if they get upset, I’ll give such a joke that I’ll calm it down for ten years.” “And you are not afraid,” I continued, turning to the captain, “to remain in a fortress exposed to such dangers?” “It’s a habit, my father,” she answered. “It’s been twenty years since we were transferred here from the regiment, and God forbid, how I was afraid of these damned infidels!” How I used to see lynx hats, and when I heard their squealing, would you believe it, my father, my heart would skip a beat! And now I’m so used to it that I won’t even move until they come to tell us that villains are prowling around the fortress.”

“Vasilisa Egorovna is a very brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. – Ivan Kuzmich can testify to this.

“Yes, hear you,” said Ivan Kuzmich, “the woman is not a timid woman.”

- And Marya Ivanovna? - I asked, - are you as brave as you?

– Is Masha brave? - answered her mother. - No, Masha is a coward. He still can’t hear the shot from a gun: it just vibrates. And just as two years ago Ivan Kuzmich decided to shoot from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear. Since then we haven’t fired from the damned cannon.

We got up from the table. The captain and captain went to bed; and I went to Shvabrin, with whom I spent the whole evening.

The main characters of the work by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", are two completely opposite human qualities officers Grinev and Shvabrin. Despite the fact that both young people came from noble family, in which, as is known, high values ​​and morals were instilled from childhood, one was honest and noble, and the other was cunning and agile.

Shvabrin appears in the work as negative hero ends up serving in the Belogorsk fortress due to committing a murder. During his service, when Pugachev’s uprising began, he, without thinking twice and completely not caring about his duty, joined his ranks. He also doesn't care about the feelings of the people around him. By the will of his love for Maria Mironova, not paying attention to the fact that the feelings are not mutual, he decides to force the girl to be with him. He acts treacherously towards his friend, plotting conspiracies and pretenses against him.

Grinev is the completely opposite side of Shvabrin. He, of his own free will, went to serve in a fortress remote from the city, listening and obeying his father in everything. He feels incredible devotion and reverence for his parents. He also strictly follows the instructions he received, which states that honor must be protected from a young age. During Pugachev’s uprising, without fearing for his life, Grinev makes it clear that there is no reason for it, he will not join his ranks, since he swore an oath to the empress and will faithfully serve only her.

Pushkin in this work makes it clear to the reader that such people as Shvabrin are followed only by devastation, which will certainly lead to the collapse of his family, as well as the entire country. And Grinev is a stronghold in building a healthy and developing society with high moral principles and positions that are guaranteed to lead to a happy and carefree future.

Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin

Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are the heroes of the story “The Captain's Daughter”.

These two young men are from wealthy families. They are officers and both are in love with the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.

Pyotr Grinev entered service in the Belogorsk fortress at the request of his father. Alexey Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for murder. During a sword duel, he stabbed one lieutenant.

Pyotr Grinev sincerely loves Masha Mironova and she reciprocates his feelings. He is ready to take decisive and courageous actions for her sake.

Alexey Shvabrin, having not achieved the girl’s favor and having received a refusal from her, behaves extremely unworthily. He speaks negatively about Masha’s family, allows himself to mock the girl and spreads bad rumors about her.

Pyotr Grinev quarrels with Shvabrin because of his unworthy behavior towards Masha. Wanting to defend the girl’s honor, Peter fights Shvabrin in a duel. Turning for a moment at the shout of his servant, he receives an insidious blow in the back from Shvabrin.

They understand their duty to their homeland differently. When the fortress was stormed by Emelyan Pugachev’s gang, Peter was ready to fight to the last. He behaved bravely and was not afraid to tell Pugachev the truth to his face.

Shvabrin, on the contrary, without hesitation went over to the side of the villains. He fawned and groveled before Pugachev.

When Shvabrina is appointed commandant of the fortress. He, being a vile man, uses his new position. He treats Masha Mironova cruelly, keeps her locked up and forces her to marry him.

Pyotr Grinev learns about this from Masha’s letter and immediately sets off to rescue the girl from Shvabrin’s captivity. Thanks to his frankness and courage, he deserves Pugachev's favor and respect.

Peter is a generous and brave man. Throughout the story, he fights with dignity and selflessly for his rights and for his love.

Shvabrin is deceitful and hypocritical, he is ready to secretly strike and betray his comrades. He repeatedly tried to annoy Peter and wrote denunciations against him.

Both of them were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy with Pugachev. Shvabrin behaved extremely dishonestly here too; he tried to slander Peter. As a result, Grinev is acquitted and released. His beloved Masha helps him in this. He will marry her. Shvabrin remains in prison.

A.S. Pushkin, using the example of these two young and wealthy guys, managed to show how different people can be.

Option 3

These two officers are complete opposites in their human qualities. Both come from a family of nobles, so there is no doubt about their upbringing. But the differences begin where it ends.

Shvabrin plays negative role. He is on duty in Belgorod fortress. He is sent there because he commits murder. When Emelyan Pugachev's uprising begins, he supports the rebel without any doubt. Since his main qualities are cunning and deceit, he does not care about moral duty at all. There is nothing to say about the feelings of the people around him. His beloved Maria Mironova does not reciprocate his feelings and he decides to take her by force. But since it doesn’t look the way it should look to an officer, it’s not difficult to predict his actions. Conspiracies and pretense in relation to his friend, who has a better chance of marrying Maria, do not take long to come!

Grinev is the complete opposite of him. His decision to go to this fortress was guided by duty to the fatherland, and not by various tricks or crimes. He obeys and obeys his father and therefore he considers him good son. All instructions received before leaving are followed impeccably. Protecting his honor from a young age, Grinev wants to become a good officer and commander. And since the oath is not an empty phrase for him, then during an uprising he begins to act like a loyal warrior of the empress. Why does Maria choose honest man? To understand, it’s worth taking a closer look at both of them.

Peter does not want to commit meanness, but on the contrary wants to prove his love through actions. Therefore, he dares to take various actions that distinguish him favorably from the general background. Then, after receiving a refusal, Alexey Shvabrin begins to speak extremely negatively about the young lady herself. Moreover, he secretly starts negative rumors that affect the girl’s reputation. Because of this, a quarrel between two young people begins. But the girl’s honor is not an empty phrase for Peter, and he schedules a duel after all the circumstances are clarified. But fate is not on the side of decent people. Turning away for a moment, Grinev expects a blow in the back, which turns out to be decisive in this confrontation. The duel ends with Alexei's victory.

After the siege began, it was with the support of Shvabrin that Pugachev took the fortress into his own hands. By appointing him in charge, he actually frees his hands. And since he also grovels in every possible way, no proof of loyalty is required. Maria falls into a kind of captivity, which fetters her actions. Alexey begins to force her to marry him. When Grinev learns about this in a letter, he immediately rushes to the girl’s rescue. This evokes respect not only from her, but also from the rebel himself.

Even from these words, one can understand that Pyotr Grinev is driven by decency, honor, courage and dedication. Then, like Alexey Shvabrin, he is driven by lies, hypocrisy and backstabbing. And repeated denunciations only confirm that such people are simply not needed even in the ranks of those who decide to go against the crown and the state.

I like watching actors during a performance. I like that the actors convey emotions, and you start to worry more about the characters, sympathize with them or be happy for them. You cannot experience such sensations in a cinema.

Cool! 6

announcement:

In the novel by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” two opposing characters are depicted: the noble Pyotr Grinev and the dishonest Alexey Shvabrin. The story of their relationship is one of the main plot points of The Captain's Daughter and reveals in detail the problem of protecting honor in the novel.

composition:

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's novel “The Captain's Daughter” is dedicated to the problem of protecting and preserving honor. To explore this topic, the author portrays two opposing characters: the young officer Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin, exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel.

Young Pyotr Grinev appears in the novel as an infantile, poorly educated nobleman, not ready for adult life, but in every possible way wanting to break out into this adult life. The time spent in the Belogorsk fortress and in the battles near Orenburg changes his character and fate. He not only develops all his best noble qualities, but also finds true love, as a result remaining an honest person.

In contrast, the author from the very beginning portrays Alexei Shvabrin as a man who has clearly crossed the line between honor and dishonor. According to Vasilisa Egorovna, Alexey Ivanovich “was discharged from the guard for murder and does not believe in God.” Pushkin gives his hero not only bad character and a penchant for dishonest acts, but also symbolically paints a portrait of a man with a “dark and distinctly ugly face,” but at the same time “excessively lively.”

Perhaps it is Shvabrin’s liveliness that attracts Grinev. The young nobleman is also very interesting to Shvabrin, for whom the Belogorsk fortress is an exile, a disastrous place in which he does not see people. Shvabrin’s interest in Grinev is explained by the desire to “finally see a human face” after five years of being in the hopeless steppe wilderness. Grinev feels sympathy for Shvabrin and spends a lot of time with him, but gradually his feelings for Maria Mironova begin to take hold of him. This not only alienates Grinev from Shvabrin, but also provokes a duel between them. Grinev wants to take revenge on Shvabrin for slandering his beloved, whom Shvabrin takes revenge on for rejecting him.

During all subsequent events, Shvabrin increasingly shows his dishonor and, as a result, turns into the ultimate villain. All the traits most disgusting to Grinev awaken in him: a slanderer, a traitor, who forcibly wants to marry Maria to himself. He and Grinev are no longer friends or even comrades in arms; Shvabrin not only becomes disgusted by Grinev, they become on opposite sides in the Pugachev uprising. Even entering into relations with Pugachev, Grinev cannot go all the way, he cannot betray his noble honor. For Shvabrin, honor is initially not so important, so it costs him nothing to run over to the other side and then slander honest Grinev.

Grinev and Shvabrin are two opposites that diverge as quickly as they attract. These heroes choose different paths, but the denouement still turns out to be successful for honest Grinev, who was pardoned by the empress and lived a long life. happy life, unlike Shvabrin, who disappeared unknown to the sound of chains in the prison corridors.

Even more essays on the topic: “Relationships between Grinev and Shvabrin”:

Historical story "The Captain's Daughter" - last piece A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects all the most important themes Pushkin's creativity late period– the place of the “little” person in historical events, moral choice in harsh social circumstances, law and mercy, people and power, “family thought.” One of the central moral problems The story is a problem of honor and dishonor. The resolution of this issue can be traced primarily to the fates of Grinev and Shvabrin.

These are young officers. Both serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev and Shvabrin are nobles, close in age, education, mental development. Grinev describes the impression the young lieutenant made on him: “Shvabrin was very intelligent. His conversation was witty and entertaining. With great joy he described to me the commandant’s family, his society and the region where fate had brought me.” However, the heroes did not become friends. One of the reasons for the hostility is Masha Mironova. It was in the relationship with the captain's daughter that they revealed moral qualities heroes. Grinev and Shvabrin turned out to be antipodes. The attitude towards honor and duty finally separated Grinev and Shvabrin during the Pugachev rebellion.

Pyotr Andreevich is distinguished by kindness, gentleness, conscientiousness, and sensitivity. It is no coincidence that Grinev immediately became “native” to the Mironovs, and Masha fell in love with him deeply and selflessly. The girl confesses to Grinev: “... until your grave, you will remain alone in my heart.” Shvabrin, on the contrary, makes a repulsive impression on others. The moral flaw is already evident in his appearance: he was short in stature, with “excellent ugly face" Masha, like Grinev, is unpleasant about Shvabrin, the girl is scared away by him evil tongue: “...he’s such a mocker.” In the lieutenant she feels dangerous person: “He’s very disgusting to me, but it’s strange: I wouldn’t want him to like me just as much. That would worry me with fear.” Subsequently, having become Shvabrin's prisoner, she is ready to die, but not submit to him. For Vasilisa Egorovna, Shvabrin is a “murderer,” and the disabled Ivan Ignatich admits: “I’m not a fan of him myself.”

Grinev is honest, open, straightforward. He lives and acts at the behest of his heart, and his heart is freely subordinate to the laws of noble honor, the code of Russian chivalry, and a sense of duty. These laws are unchanged for him. Grinev is a man of his word. He promised to thank the random guide and did this, despite Savelich’s desperate resistance. Grinev could not give half a ruble for vodka, but gave the counselor his rabbit sheepskin coat. The law of honor forces the young man to pay a huge billiard debt to the hussar Zurin, who played not too honestly. Grinev is noble and ready to fight a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the honor of Masha Mironova.

Grinev is consistently honest, and Shvabrin commits immoral acts one after another. This envious, evil, vindictive person is accustomed to acting with deceit and deceit. Shvabrin deliberately described Grineva Masha as “a complete fool” and hid from him his matchmaking with the captain’s daughter. Grinev soon understood the reasons for Shvabrin’s deliberate slander, with which he persecuted Masha: “He probably noticed our mutual inclination and tried to distract us from each other.”

Shvabrin is ready to get rid of his opponent by any means necessary. Insulting Masha, he skillfully infuriates Grinev and provokes a challenge to a duel, not considering the inexperienced Grinev a dangerous opponent. The lieutenant planned murder. This man stops at nothing. He is used to having all his wishes come true. According to Vasilisa Egorovna, Shvabrin was “transferred to the Belogoro fortress for murder”, for the fact that in a duel he “stabbed a lieutenant, and even in front of two witnesses.” During the duel of officers, Grinev, unexpectedly for Shvabrin, turned out to be a skilled fencer, but, taking advantage of the favorable moment for him, Shvabrin wounded Grinev.

Grinev is generous, and Shvabrin is low. After the duel, the young officer forgave the “unfortunate rival,” but he continued to insidiously take revenge on Grinev and wrote a denunciation to his parents. Shvabrin constantly commits immoral acts. But the main crime in the chain of his constant baseness is going over to Pugachev’s side not for ideological, but for selfish reasons. Pushkin shows how in historical trials all the qualities of nature are fully manifested in a person. The vile beginning in Shvabrin makes him a complete scoundrel. Grinev's openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him and saved his life. The hero’s high moral potential was revealed during the most difficult tests of the strength of his convictions. Grinev several times had to choose between honor and dishonor, and in fact between life and death.

After Pugachev “pardoned” Grinev, he had to kiss his hand, that is, recognize him as the king. In the chapter “The Uninvited Guest,” Pugachev himself arranges a “test of compromise,” trying to get a promise from Grinev to “at least not fight” against him. In all these cases, the hero, risking his life, shows firmness and intransigence.

Shvabrin doesn’t have any moral principles. He saves his life by breaking his oath. Grinev was amazed to see “among the elders Shvabrin, with his hair cut in a circle and wearing a Cossack caftan.” This scary man continues to relentlessly pursue Masha Mironova. Shvabrin is fanatically obsessed with the desire to achieve not love, but at least obedience from the captain's daughter. Grinev evaluates Shvabrin’s actions: “I looked with disgust at the nobleman lying at the feet of the runaway Cossack.”

The author's position coincides with the views of the narrator. This is evidenced by the epigraph to the story: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” Grinev remained faithful to duty and honor. He said the most important words to Pugachev: “Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience.” Shvabrin violated both his noble and human duties.

Source: mysoch.ru

The story “The Captain's Daughter” by A. Pushkin attracts the reader not only with its interesting historical facts, but also with bright, memorable images of heroes.

Young officers Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are characters whose characters and views are completely opposite. This is evidenced by how differently they behave in everyday life, in critical situations, and in love. And if you feel sympathy for Grinev from the very first pages of the story, then meeting Shvabrin evokes contempt and disgust.

The portrait of Shvabrin is as follows: “... a young officer of short stature, with a dark and distinctly ugly face.” His appearance matches his nature - evil, cowardly, hypocritical. Shvabrin is capable of dishonorable acts, it costs him nothing to slander or betray a person for his own benefit. This person cares most about his “selfish” interest.

Having failed to achieve the love of Masha Mironova, he not only seeks to stand in her way to happiness, but also tries, with the help of threats and force, to force the girl to marry him. Saving his life, Shvabrin is one of the first to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, and when this is revealed and he appears in court, he perjures himself against Grinev in order to at least take revenge on him for all his failures.

In the image of Pyotr Grinev, all the best features of the noble class were embodied. He is honest, brave, courageous, fair, knows how to keep his word, loves his fatherland and is devoted to his duty. Most of all, the young man is liked by his sincerity and straightforwardness. He is alien to arrogance and sycophancy. Having managed to win the love of Marya Ivanovna, Grinev reveals himself not only as a gentle and devoted admirer. Above all, he puts her honor, her name, and is ready not only to defend them with a sword in hand, but also to go into exile for Masha’s sake.

with their own positive qualities Grinev's character even conquered the robber Pugachev, who helped him free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin and wanted to be imprisoned by his father at their wedding.

I am sure that in our time many would like to be like Pyotr Grinev, while they would never want to meet Shvabrin.

Source: www.ukrlib.com

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is not only a negative character, but also the opposite of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the narrator on whose behalf the narration in “The Captain's Daughter” is told.

Grinev and Shvabrin are not the only characters in the story who are in one way or another compared to each other: similar “pairs” form almost all the main characters works: Empress Catherine - false emperor Pugachev, Masha Mironova - her mother Vasilisa Egorovna - which allows us to talk about the comparison as one of the most important compositional techniques, used by the author in the story.

It is interesting, however, that not all of the named heroes are absolutely opposed to each other. Thus, Masha Mironova, rather, is compared with her mother and displays as much devotion to her chosen one and courage in the fight for him as Captain Mironova, who was not afraid of the villains and accepted death with her husband. The contrast between the “couple” Ekaterina and Pugachev is not as clear as it seems at first glance.

These hostile and warring characters have many similar traits and similar actions. Both are capable of cruelty and of showing mercy and justice. In the name of Catherine, supporters of Pugachev (a mutilated Bashkir with his tongue cut out) are brutally persecuted and brutally tortured, and Pugachev commits atrocities and executions together with his comrades. On the other hand, both Pugachev and Ekaterina show mercy towards Grinev, saving him and Marya Ivanovna from trouble and ultimately arranging their happiness.

And only between Grinev and Shvabrin nothing but antagonism is revealed. It is already indicated in the names with which the author calls his heroes. Grinev bears the name Peter, he is the namesake of the great emperor, for whom Pushkin, of course, had the most enthusiastic feelings. Shvabrin is given the name of the traitor to his father's cause - Tsarevich Alexei. This, of course, does not mean that every character Pushkin's work, bearing one of these names, must be correlated in the reader’s mind with the named historical persons. But in the context of the story, where the problem of honor and dishonor, devotion and betrayal is so important, such a coincidence seems no coincidence.

It is known how seriously Pushkin took the concept of family noble honor, what is commonly called roots. It is no coincidence, of course, that this is why the story tells in such detail and detail about the childhood of Petrusha Grinev, about his family, in which the traditions of centuries-old noble upbringing are sacredly preserved. And even though these “habits of dear old times” are described not without irony, it is obvious that the author’s irony is full of warmth and understanding. And in the end, it was the thought of the impossibility of disgracing the honor of the clan and family that did not allow Grinev to commit betrayal against his beloved girl and violate the officer’s oath.

Shvabrin is a man without a family, without a tribe. We know nothing about his origin, about his parents. Nothing is said about his childhood or upbringing. Behind him, it seems, there is no spiritual and moral baggage that supports Grinev. Apparently, no one gave Shvabrin the simple and wise instruction: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” And therefore he easily neglects her to save own life and just for personal well-being. At the same time, we note that Shvabrin is an avid duelist: it is known that he was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for some kind of “villainy,” probably for a duel. He challenges Grinev to a duel, and in a situation where he himself is entirely to blame: he insulted Maria Ivanovna by vilely slandering her in front of the lover Pyotr Andreevich.

It is important that none of the honest heroes approve of duels in the story: neither Captain Mironov, who reminded Grinev that “duels are formally prohibited in the military article,” nor Vasilisa Yegorovna, who considered them “murder” and “murder,” nor Savelich. Grinev accepts the challenge, defending the honor of his beloved girl, while Shvabrin - from the fact that he was rightly called a liar and a scoundrel. Thus, in his addiction to duels, Shvabrin turns out to be a defender of superficial, falsely understood honor, a zealot not for the spirit, but for the letter of the law, only for its external observance. This once again proves that ideas about true honor he doesn't have.

For Shvabrin, nothing is sacred at all: no love, no friendship, no duty. Moreover, we understand that neglecting these concepts is commonplace for him. From the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna we learn that Shvabrin “does not believe in God”, that he was “discharged from the guard for murder.” Not every duel and not every officer was dismissed from the guard. Obviously, some ugly, vile story was connected with that duel. And, therefore, what happened in the Belogorsk fortress and subsequently was not an accident, not a consequence of momentary weakness, not just cowardice, which is ultimately excusable under certain circumstances. Shvabrin came to his final fall naturally.

He lived without faith, without moral ideals. He himself was incapable of love, and neglected the feelings of others. After all, he knew that he was disgusted with Masha, but, despite this, he harassed her, stopping at nothing. The advice he gives to Grinev regarding Marya Ivanovna reveals him as a vulgar (“... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings”), Shvabrin is not only mean, but also cunning. After the duel, fearing new troubles, he acts out a scene of sincere repentance in front of Grinev. Further events show that the simple-minded Grinev was in vain to believe the liar. At the first opportunity, Shvabrin takes vile revenge on Grinev by betraying Marya Ivanovna to Pugacheva. And here the villain and criminal, the peasant Pugachev, shows a nobility incomprehensible to Shvabrin: he, to Shvabrin’s indescribable anger, lets Grinev and Masha Mironova go with God, forcing Shvabrin to give them “a pass to all outposts and fortresses under his control. Shvabrin, completely destroyed, stood dumbfounded”...

The last time we see Shvabrin is when he, arrested for his connection with Pugachev, shackled in chains, makes a last attempt to slander and destroy Grinev. He had changed greatly in appearance: “his hair, recently pitch black, had turned completely grey,” but his soul was still black: he uttered his accusations, albeit in a “weak but bold voice” - so great was his anger and hatred of his opponent’s happiness.

Shvabrin will end his life as ingloriously as he lived: loved by no one and loved by no one, serving no one and nothing, but only adapting all his life. He is like a tumbleweed, a plant without a root, a man without a clan, without a tribe, he did not live, but rolled down,
until he fell into the abyss...