Production of sunflower oil. Equipment for the production of vegetable oil. Selecting a raw material supplier

22.09.2019

Depends on the quality of sunflower seeds supplied for processing, the timing and conditions of storing the seeds before pressing. The main qualitative characteristics of sunflower seeds are oil content, moisture content, and ripening period. Oil content depends on the sunflower variety and how warm and sunny the summer was. The higher the oil content of the seeds, the greater the oil yield. The optimal percentage of moisture content for sunflower seeds supplied for processing is 6%. Seeds that are too wet are stored poorly and are heavier. The ripening period in our climatic conditions- Very important factor, which indirectly affects the price. Peak production and supply of finished vegetable oil is October – December. And the peak of demand is the end of summer - beginning of autumn. Accordingly, the earlier the raw materials are received, the faster the finished product will reach the consumer. In addition, the seeds must be well cleaned, the debris content should not exceed 1%, and broken grain - 3%. Before processing, additional cleaning, drying, collapsing (destruction) of the seed skin and separating it from the kernel are carried out. Then the seeds are crushed to form mint or pulp.

Extraction (production) of sunflower oil. obtained by 2 methods - pressing or extraction. Oil extraction is a more environmentally friendly way. Although the oil yield is, of course, less. As a rule, before squeezing, the mint is heated at 100-110 °C in a roasting pan, while simultaneously stirring and moistening. Then the fried mint is squeezed out in screw presses. The completeness of the extraction of vegetable oil depends on the pressure, viscosity and density of the oil, the thickness of the mint layer, the duration of the extraction and other factors. The characteristic taste of the oil after hot pressing is reminiscent of toasted sunflower seeds. Oils obtained by hot pressing are more intensely colored and flavored due to the decomposition products that are formed during heating. Cold-pressed sunflower oil is obtained from mint without heating. The advantage of this oil is that it retains most of the beneficial substances: antioxidants, vitamins, lecithin. The negative point is that such a product cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy and goes rancid. The cake remaining after oil extraction can be extracted or used in animal husbandry. , obtained by pressing, is called “raw”, because after pressing it is only settled and filtered. This product has high taste and nutritional properties.

Extraction of sunflower oil. The extraction method involves the use of organic solvents (most often extraction gasolines) and is carried out in special devices - extractors. During extraction, miscella is obtained - a solution of oil in a solvent and a fat-free solid residue - meal. The solvent is distilled from the miscella and meal in distillers and screw evaporators. The finished oil is settled, filtered and further processed. The extraction method of extracting oils is more economical, as it allows you to extract fat from raw materials as much as possible - up to 99%.

Sunflower oil refining. Refined oil has virtually no color, taste or smell. This oil is also called impersonal. Its nutritional value is determined only by the presence of essential fatty acids (mainly linoleic and linolenic), which are also called vitamin F. This vitamin is responsible for the synthesis of hormones and maintaining immunity. It gives stability and elasticity to blood vessels, reduces the body's sensitivity to ultraviolet rays and radioactive radiation, regulates the contraction of smooth muscles, and performs many other vital functions. In the production of vegetable oil, there are several stages of refining.

First stage of refining. Getting rid of mechanical impurities is by settling, filtration and centrifugation, after which it goes on sale as a commercial unrefined product.

Second stage of refining. Removal of phosphatides or hydration - treatment with a small amount of hot water - up to 70 ° C. As a result, protein and mucous substances, which can lead to rapid spoilage of the oil, swell, precipitate and are removed. Neutralization is the action of a base (lye) on the heated oil. This step removes free fatty acids, which catalyze oxidation and cause smoke during frying. The neutralization stage also removes heavy metals and pesticides. Unrefined oil has a slightly lower biological value than raw oil, since some phosphatides are removed during hydration, but it can be stored longer. This treatment makes the vegetable oil transparent, after which it is called commercial hydrated.

Third stage of refining. Removal of free fatty acids. If the content of these acids is excessive, vegetable oil develops an unpleasant taste. Anything that has gone through these three stages is called refined, non-deodorized.

Fourth stage of refining. Bleaching is the treatment of oil with adsorbents of organic origin (most often special clays) that absorb coloring components, after which the fat is clarified. Pigments pass into the oil from the seeds and also threaten oxidation of the finished product. After bleaching, there are no pigments left in the oil, including carotenoids, and it becomes light straw-colored.

Fifth stage of refining. Deodorization - removal of aromatic substances by exposure to hot dry steam at a temperature of 170-230°C under vacuum conditions. During this process, odorous substances that lead to oxidation are destroyed. Removing the above undesirable impurities leads to the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the oil.

Sixth stage of refining. Freezing – removing waxes. All seeds are covered with wax, this is a kind of protection against natural factors. Waxes make the oil cloudy, especially when sold on the street during the cold season, and thereby spoil its presentation. During the freezing process, the oil turns colorless. Having gone through all the stages, he becomes impersonal. Margarine and cooking fats are made from this product and used for canning. Therefore, it should not have a specific taste or smell, so as not to disturb the overall taste of the product.

The following products hit the shelves: Refined non-deodorized oil - outwardly transparent, but with a characteristic odor and color. Refined deodorized oil– transparent, light yellow, odorless and tasteless seeds. Unrefined oil - darker than bleached, maybe with sediment or suspension, but nevertheless it went through filtration and, of course, retained the smell that we all know from childhood.

Sunflower oil bottling. has a limited shelf life. The shelf life of bottled oil is 4 months for unrefined oil and 6 months for refined oil. For bulk oil – up to 3 months. By purchasing according to GOST, you are insured against troubles: unexpected oil spills in your bag, purchasing low-quality goods, etc. Oil packaged in bottles contains all the necessary information about the product on the container, and is also hygienically cleaner. Modern technologies for the production of packaged sunflower oil practically eliminate manual labor. Everything is done on an automated line - quickly, efficiently, accurately. The plastic from which the container is blown is durable, lightweight and environmentally friendly. The bottles are sealed hermetically, the shape of the container is optimized to suit customer requests, and also has convenient recesses and a textured surface, which prevents the container from slipping in the hand.

Types of sunflower oil

Crude sunflower oil (first pressing) - oil that is only filtered, so it is the healthiest. It completely preserves phosphatides, tocopherols, sterols and other biologically valuable components. It has a pleasant smell and taste, but it cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy and goes rancid.

Not — cleaned mechanically without additional processing. The oil has a rich dark yellow color, a pronounced taste and smell of seeds. There are top, first and second grades. The highest and first grades have a specific taste and smell characteristic of sunflower oil, without foreign odors, taste and bitterness. Second grade oil may have a slightly musty smell and a slight bitter taste, and there may be sediment. Unrefined oil is partially purified - settled, filtered, hydrated and neutralized. Unrefined oil retains beneficial substances and vitamins: phospholipids, vitamins E, F and carotene.
Unrefined sunflower oil is ideal for preparing salads and cold dishes, and is also used for making dough.

Hydrated sunflower oil - obtained by mechanical cleaning and hydration. To do this, hot water (70°C) is passed through the oil heated to 60°C in a spray state. Protein and mucous substances precipitate, and the product is separated. Oil, unlike unrefined oil, has a less pronounced taste and smell, less intense color, without cloudiness and sediment. Hydrated oil, like unrefined oil, is produced of the highest, first and second grades.

Refined sunflower oil - transparent, without sediment, has a low intensity color, quite pronounced taste and smell. Refining is a stage in the production of vegetable oil, which is the purification of vegetable oil from various contaminants. processed with alkali, free fatty acids and phospholipids are removed from it; the product separates, the purified vegetable oil rises up and is separated from the sediment. The vegetable oil is then bleached. Biologically, refined oil is less valuable because it contains fewer tocopherols and does not contain phosphatides.

Refined deodorized sunflower oil obtained by exposure to water vapor under vacuum. During this process, all aromatic substances that can lead to premature spoilage of the oil are destroyed. Sunflower oils come in grades “P” and “D”. Brand D itself means that the sunflower oil is refined and deodorized. The oil of this brand is intended for the production of baby and dietary food products. In terms of physico-chemical parameters, it differs from grade P in acid number. For grade D oil it should be no more than 0.4 mgKOH/g, and for grade P oil the norm should be no more than 0.6 mgKOH/g.

Frozen sunflower oil obtained by removing natural wax-like substances (wax) from sunflower oil. These waxes give sunflower oil a cloudy appearance. If the oil has been “frozen”, then its name is supplemented with the word “frozen”. in home cooking it is used for frying and stewing. Since it does not add additional odor to the food, it is perfect for deep-frying. Margarine and cooking fats are also produced from refined sunflower oil. Refined sunflower oil is used in the production of canned food, as well as in soap making and the paint and varnish industry.

Refined or unrefined?

For proper nutrition of the whole family, both are necessary.

Unrefined oil It has a specific pleasant odor and forms a sediment during storage. Unrefined is a natural product; it retains all the natural components necessary for the human body - vitamins A, D, E, tocopherols and other biologically active substances, so it can and should be consumed in its “raw” form. It is best to add unrefined to salads, cooked stewed or boiled food. But frying in unrefined sunflower oil is not recommended, because... in the process of heating it loses all its wonderful properties.

Refined sunflower oil– transparent, golden or light yellow. During storage, no sediment forms in it. It is great for baking and frying: it does not foam and does not “shoot” in the pan, does not have a pungent odor or bitter taste.

Storage conditions

All vegetable oils have three enemies: light, oxygen and heat. Therefore, oils should be stored in a dark place in tightly closed containers, since many of them are lost in the light. beneficial properties. The optimal storage temperature is from +8° to +20°C. must be protected from contact with water and metals. Unrefined, so-called homemade, oil should be stored not only in a dark place, but also in a cool place, for example, in the refrigerator.

Unrefined oil is stored for 4 months, refined oil – 6 months. Some housewives, for better preservation, pour a little salt into the oil and dip several cleanly washed and dried beans into it.

What not to do with oil

1. Pour oil into a hot frying pan. All fats spontaneously ignite when exposed to high temperatures. And the temperature of a heated frying pan can easily exceed 3000C!

2. Leave oil unattended. Never leave it to heat unless you keep an eye on it, because... Spontaneous ignition of the oil is possible! And yet, if your oil suddenly catches fire, then don’t panic: quickly cover it with a damp cloth (rough canvas apron, etc.) and under no circumstances pour water on it to put it out!!

3. Fry food in hot oil. Any overheated oil will burn and will invariably ruin the taste of the product you are preparing.

4. Keep the oil in the light. Light provokes oxidative processes in the oil and destroys the beneficial substances in it. Unrefined oil quickly loses its color (the pigments in the oil are destroyed) and goes rancid. Refined oil also “fades” and although this does not critically affect the quality of the oil, it is still worth storing it in a place protected from light.

5. When making dishes from minced meat amount of liquid(milk, water, mayonnaise) added to the minced meat should not exceed 10% of the weight of meat. Excess liquid and juice flowing out of the product during frying is collected in a condensed form in the frying pan, and also provokes the “shooting” of your oil.

6. Before frying meat, it should be dried first.(wrapped in a paper napkin), because... moisture in the meat (often not completely defrosted) gets into the oil and the oil begins to “shoot” and smoke.

7. Sliced raw potatoes must be thoroughly washed before frying. cold water to remove starch grains from the surface, otherwise during frying the slices will stick together and may even stick to the bottom, and also dry (for example, with a paper towel) - this will speed up the formation of a crust, the oil will not splatter, and the pieces will fry evenly.

8. Use for food after the expiration date. Over time, oxides are formed in it, which disrupt the body's metabolism.

9. Reuse oil after frying. When heated, toxic compounds are formed that have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. But there are no useful components left in it at all.

Vitamins and healing properties of sunflower oil

- one of best views vegetable fat. Due to its composition, it has the highest energy intensity, since when burning 1g of fat, 9 kcal of heat is released, while when burning 1g of protein or carbohydrates, only 4 kcal is released. The created energy reserve (within reasonable limits) allows the body to endure unfavorable conditions, especially cold weather and illness. - a product that is not inferior in caloric content to fats of animal origin. Thus, it is 899 kcal/100 g, and for butter - 737 kcal/100 g. In addition, the digestibility of sunflower oil is 95-98%. But one of the most important reasons why we all simply need to use it is that it is a unique source of a whole complex of biologically active substances.

Vitamin E (tocopherol) called an antisterile vitamin, as it is necessary for the normal reproduction process. The lack of this substance () leads to degenerative changes in sperm in men, and women lose the ability to bear a fetus normally. It also neutralizes oxidative reactions in the body and is one of the main natural antioxidants. It is of great importance in the prevention of atherosclerosis, muscular dystrophy and tumors. Vitamin E improves memory because it blocks the production of free radicals that cause aging in the body. It is not without reason that it is also called the “vitamin of youth”, because its lack in the body will immediately affect the condition of hair, nails and skin. Thanks to vitamin E, blood circulation improves: blood clotting is reduced and the formation of blood clots is prevented. And the strengthening effect of vitamin E on the immune system is beyond any doubt: it is thanks to tocopherol that our body is able to resist a variety of viruses and infections. Here are a few more important functions of this vitamin: help lower blood pressure, prevent inflammatory processes and prevent the development of cataracts. In addition, vitamin E, which promotes the development of physical strength, is necessary for those who lead an active lifestyle and play sports. An adult needs an average of 10-25 mg of vitamin E per day. The highest dosage is used by athletes, pregnant and lactating women. 100 g of sunflower oil contains up to 50 mg of this vitamin! Don’t forget, by the way, that natural vitamin E is better absorbed by the body than pharmaceutical vitamin E.

Vitamin F (polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic, linolenic) - a vital complex of biologically active substances that is not synthesized in the human body and should be regularly supplied with sunflower oil - a rich source of vitamin F. It is responsible for the synthesis of hormones, maintaining immunity and cell regeneration. A better ally in the fight against atherosclerosis cannot be found.

One of the best purchases to start with own business is a mini-factory for the production of oil, since the demand for products is constant. When considering diversity plant species, then the most popular is sunflower oil. Therefore, it is important to consider the features of its production.

The essence of the production process

Thinking through all the details of the production cycle, it is necessary to decide what type of sunflower oil - unrefined, refined - will be produced. They differ in the degree of purification.

The cycle for the production of refined oil is more labor-intensive, since it includes chemical-technological methods of purification, which allows removing unnecessary odors and foreign tastes. If the goal is the unrefined form, then the process stops at the mechanical filtration phase, and the product retains the specific taste and rather expressive smell of natural vegetable oil.

How is sunflower oil produced?

A novice businessman should take into account that, despite lower costs, profits from the sale of unrefined oil are reduced, since its cost is lower and demand is less.

The technological chain for producing vegetable oil is quite branched; on average, it consists of the following steps:

If sunflower oil is produced from a line of unrefined varieties, then there will be no refining operation in the cycle. Sometimes the heat treatment stage is eliminated in order to save on the purchase of equipment.

Heat treatment in the presence of a full cycle before pressing involves heating the raw materials in braziers. The optimal temperature for this operation is set in the range from 100 to 110°C.

The completeness of subsequent extraction in presses depends on a number of indicators - viscosity, pressure, density. The next stage involves filtration (settling, centrifugation), the purpose of which is to remove mechanical impurities. After this operation, unrefined oil is obtained, which can be sold.

Refining involves going through several stages:

To remove phosphatides and make the oil transparent, it is treated with hot (65-70°C) water (hydration process).

A neutralization procedure may be carried out, in which preheated oil is exposed to alkali. The reaction removes free fatty acids.

Classic continuous refining process The oil after these stages is called refined, not deodorized. Deodorization completely removes pigments and volatile compounds, giving the resulting deodorized refined oil a light straw color.

Differences between a mini-factory and large enterprises

When planning your own production of high-quality vegetable oil, you should pay attention to ready-made mini-plants, which have a number of advantages in contrast to large enterprises.

Compactness. Mini-factories do not require large areas, so a novice entrepreneur does not need to spend significant funds if the premises are rented or specially built.
Mobility. If necessary, there are no difficulties when moving a mini-plant focused on the production of sunflower oil to another location.
Economical. Significant savings are observed in various moments - the purchase of equipment, wages, since a small number of people service the production lines.
Efficiency. In a small enterprise, you can quickly make changes to process in accordance with modern requirements.

Required equipment

If the decision about what type of vegetable oil will be produced has already been made, then you should analyze the range of equipment offered by different manufacturers. This can be a low-power household unit or a high-performance mini-factory. The choice depends on the predicted performance.

If you plan to produce 30 tons or more per day, you need to purchase a fully equipped production line, including both extraction and refining of sunflower oil. Having decided to receive no more than 10 tons per day, it is advisable to buy necessary equipment separately:

a separator designed for seed cleaning;
crusher-fan unit;
roller machine;
spinning machine;
fryer;
filters - 2-3 pieces, needed for squeezing oil;
refining apparatus;
filling machine.

On initial stage formation, you can avoid purchasing a roasting pan by including it in long-term plan to expand production.

The main and important action in preparing for the start of activity is obtaining all permitting documents, since food production is subject to serious requirements. The premises are equipped in accordance with sanitary standards with water supply and sewerage. Regulatory indications for illumination must be observed, and the necessary fire safety measures must be taken.

The area of the room where the mini-plant will be installed is calculated based on the need to provide about 40 square meters. meters per ton of raw materials that are planned to be processed within 24 hours. Spacious warehouses must be provided, aimed at storing production reserves of raw materials, which should be enough for at least a month of operation of the mini-factory. Considering that during storage sunflower seeds are scattered in a low layer, the storage facilities should be quite spacious, almost doubling the area of the production workshop.

You will need a place to store meal and husks - production waste remaining during the production of vegetable oil. On warm days they can be under a canopy. For year-round operation, a separate room will be required for these purposes. Quantity service personnel depends on the degree of automation of the mini-factory. If productivity is low, and all operations are performed according to a given program, then one or two people are enough.

Business plan

When starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to first carry out serious marketing activities in order to identify regular consumers of a certain type of sunflower oil. It is used not only as a food product and sold by retail outlets, but also serves as a raw material in various fields - cosmetics, paint and varnish, soap making, and medical industries.

One of the advantages of obtaining vegetable oil is that it is waste-free. During seed shedding, the husk is separated. If the oil is obtained by extraction, then meal is formed, and when using the pressing method, cake remains. All these types of waste find their consumers. Meal and cake serve as valuable feed. Husk - seed husk serves as an organic fertilizer and is a raw material for the production of heat and sound insulating boards, as well as granulated fuel.

Cost, payback

An important section of the business plan is the calculation of projected profits, for which the upcoming costs of producing vegetable oil on a mini-plant line designed for 5 tons/day and possible profits are calculated.

Approximate capital costs (thousand rubles):

equipment – 2000;
carrying out preparatory work indoors – 300;
paperwork – 50.

Total: 2350 thousand rubles.

Approximate monthly turnover costs(thousand rubles):

rental of premises (at least 500 sq. meters) – 100;
salary (based on three people) – 60;
taxes – 70;
purchase of raw materials for the production of sunflower oil – 708;
advertising, utility bills, transportation costs - 100.

Total: cost finished products will amount to 1038 thousand rubles.

Income is determined based on the operation of equipment one shift daily. Output per month will be:

5 tons/day: 3 shifts ∙ 30 days = 50 tons.

Sunflower oil is sold for an average of 40 rubles per kilogram. This means the income will be:

40 ∙ 50000 = 2000000 = 2000 thousand rubles.

The profit will be equal to:

2000 – 1038 = 962 thousand rubles.

Payback capital costs is:

2350 / 962 ≈ 2.5 months.

Video: Why cold-pressed oil is better

A business idea for the production of sunflower oil is based on an oil mill. From an investment perspective among professionals, the idea has not lost its popularity and is still in demand and profitable.

However, for many, the issue of income in this area is quite controversial, which is in vain. Let's take a closer look so as not to rely on the opinions of the majority, but to base our own conclusions on specific numbers and facts.

In this business you won’t be satisfied with just butter. The profit from its sale is hardly enough to reach the cost level. But we must not forget about the additional products obtained from the creamery, which bring a significant net profit.

Equipment for the production of vegetable oil

The production of vegetable oil at home is limited by financial resources. This type of business is attractive for its flexibility of rapid development. You can start with a minimally equipped production workshop, and then expand with additional equipment for the production of by-products. Thus, the range expands, and profits grow progressively. A full-fledged plant for the production of vegetable oil must be WASTE-FREE!

The minimum configuration of the line consists of the following equipment:

By and large, these two components are already quite enough to produce and sell two products: good sunflower oil and meal. By the way, meal from oilseeds is widely used to feed animals and birds in agriculture. Therefore, it sells much faster than the main product. In addition, there is much more of it at the output of processed raw materials - 65%.

But if you plan to earn more, then you should think about expanding production. Additional technological equipment for the production of vegetable oils allows us to obtain several products from one oil mill at once:

Sunflower oil, raw.
Fried sunflower oil.
Technical drying oil.
Circles of the crown.
Shrot.
Biochar from fuz.
Biofuel briquettes made from husks.

A creamery, even at home, can produce 7 types of products if available necessary equipment. It is worth paying attention to other advantages of business.

Storing vegetable oil in production does not require special conditions. A dry room, protected from sunlight, with an air temperature ranging from +5 to +15 degrees, can store unrefined products for 5 months.

You can use different raw materials to produce vegetable oils. For example, seeds: sunflower, soybean, flax, pumpkin and many other oilseeds. This advantage also has a positive effect on expanding the range and increasing sales. You can repurpose your business for other products without upgrading the line.

Technology for the production of vegetable oils by pressing

Production flow diagram:

The technological line for the production of vegetable oil is equipped with:

Separator for coarse and fine cleaning of grain and seeds.
Hulling machine for sunflower seeds and other oilseeds.
Twin-screw oil press extruder with heating elements for mint up to +50C (for a quick start).
Filter for purifying vegetable oils from fuses (food grade).
Press for squeezing fuses (fusodka).
Press for forming crown circles.
Press for briquetting sunflower husks and other seeds.
Auxiliary equipment, structures and devices: bunker; pneumatic loader; weight; buckets, shovels, etc.

We will conduct a simple training workshop on the technology of production of vegetable oils.

Waste-free production using the cold pressing method during squeezing occurs in several successive stages:

Rough cleaning of oilseeds (raw materials). From coarse impurities that can damage technological equipment (stones, wire, etc.).
Fine cleaning of raw materials. From small premiums that may affect product quality (dust, weed seeds, etc.).
Peeling of the seed coat. This process is carried out immediately before cold pressing. IN waste-free production vegetable oil husks for biofuel, and kernels for oil and corn. The shell of oilseeds can be removed using various types of equipment in different way: rubbing the shell on a specially corrugated surface; splitting the shell by impact; compression under pressure.
Pressing kernels through a screw oil press to obtain oil and flour. At this stage we get 2 semi-finished products.
Filtration. The process of filtration of the crude product obtained only from the press occurs using filters based on filter fabrics. For example - lavsan. Under air pressure, the liquid hits the surface of the fabric and passes through it, leaving fuses on the surface.
Fuzz extraction. The fuzz itself, obtained after filtration with lavsan, contains 80% fat content. It is rational to squeeze it out in the same way. The production of vegetable oils by pressing ends at this stage. Then by-products are produced.
Hot pressing of the top. It is better to press the flour immediately upon exiting the oil press, while it still retains the temperature from the pressure.
Briquetting. In order to profitably and quickly sell seed husks, you need to produce a popular product from them - biofuel. Naturally, this process will require special equipment.

As for the organization of labor in production on such a line, everything depends on the workload of the workshop with raw materials for processing and the timing. If the load is minimal (for example, 1 ton per day), then even 1 employee is enough. As soon as the sales market for all types of goods produced at the oil mill is established, additional labor will be needed in order to invest on time with good production volumes.

Vegetable oil production waste and its use

A homemade butter churn for sunflower oil production pays for itself faster if all its advantages are rationally used. Don't underestimate the importance of waste management.

At the exit from the oil press we obtain vegetable oil that is unrefined and black in color. It should either be settled or filtered from the fuses in a special way.

Fuzz is small particles of husk and dust with a large content of residues of the produced product, which remains after filtration. The best method for removing waste is considered to be a fabric filter. You should not spare money on the filter, and then it will efficiently clean the product and prepare it for presentation. When the oil is cleared, the collected fuses can be pressed on a fusode press. From it we can still get 20% bio-coal + 80% vegetable oil. The processed fuses are further turned into stone, which in turn is used as fuel for boilers.

Don't skip the fusodach operation, as careless businessmen do! After all, some companies buy waste from vegetable oil production enterprises very cheaply in order to then squeeze out all the profit from them.

Thus, a business idea can become an almost waste-free process. You will receive not only a high-quality product that will not be in demand at any time of the year, but also unique fuel and good corn.

Creamery profitability

So, the raw materials for production (sunflower seeds) cost about 500 dollars (about 480), if we talk about a ton. After the raw materials are processed, approximately 350 kg of sunflower oil can be obtained from this amount (yield 35%). One liter can easily be sold for one and a half dollars. Thus, for 350 kg the total cost will be $525. 525 – 480 = $45 profit. Of course, $45 per ton is not a huge amount. But do not forget that during production, you can also earn money on another product - on makukha (meal).

Macukha, by the way, is no less a popular commodity than butter itself. Upon receipt of 350 kg of the main product, the meal will be 650 kg. Most often, meal is bought in whole bags, and not by the kilogram, so it will sell much faster. Makukha is sold out at $0.4 per 1 kg. So, if you multiply 650 kg. by $0.4, the amount will be $260. Considering these numbers, the business idea becomes much more interesting.

The annual volume of the sunflower oil market in Russia is ≈2.5 million tons of finished product. And not all of the assortment presented on store shelves is offered by large corporations - approximately half of the market is occupied by small enterprises and even farms. A mini plant for the production of sunflower oil can be an excellent source of permanent income for a beginning entrepreneur. What will you have to think about when launching your own plant for the production of vegetable oil?

Our business assessment:

Starting investments – from 2,500,000 rubles.

Market saturation is high.

The difficulty of starting a business is 7/10.

Relevance of the sunflower oil business

Many investors have already turned their attention to this production niche, which is understandable - the costs of organizing a workshop are relatively low, and sales opportunities are enormous. The competition in this market segment is quite strong, but with proper management and a well-thought-out marketing campaign, mini sunflower oil production will not be left without profit.

The products can be sold not only to customers in supermarkets and stores, but also to private enterprises that use oil as the main raw material. This component is used in many areas - soap making, canned food production, paint and varnish, cosmetics and medical industries. But if you fail to find “your buyer” (which is very unlikely), the oil can be supplied abroad - for example, in Turkey it is in great demand.

The next advantage of starting vegetable oil production is its non-waste nature. During the manufacturing process of the product, production waste is generated that is suitable for subsequent use - husks, cake, meal. These related products can be marketed to third parties.

Husks are often sold to brick factories, and cake and meal are sold to farms.

The sale of waste can be counted as additional profit for the enterprise. But more often their sales are clearly reflected in the cost price, reducing the final price of the product.

Which oil is more profitable to produce?

Having decided to start your own business producing vegetable oil, you need to decide what kind of oil to produce – refined or unrefined. The main differences between these 2 types are the degree of purification of the product.

The production of refined oil is a more labor-intensive process. It is purified using many chemical and technological methods so that the output is a product of a certain degree of transparency, with the absence of foreign tastes and odors. And the production of unrefined oil is based only on mechanical filtration of the product, which gives it a specific smell and taste.

And despite the fact that the production of unrefined oil will require lower costs, you should not rely only on it - profits will decrease significantly. To promote your brand and receive more income, the range of products offered to customers should be expanded. Besides, modern technologies allow the production of several types of oils at once on one production line.

Sunflower oil production technology

Technological scheme for the production of sunflower oil

This is not to say that the technology for producing sunflower oil is easy. Technologists here have to choose the most optimal scheme for manufacturing the product.

If you don’t go into details, the process flow diagram looks like this:

Sifting seeds.
Collapse of seeds (cleaning of husks).
Grinding the seeds.
Heat treatment of seeds.
Spin.
Filtration.
Refining.
Bottling and packaging.

This is a general technological production process, and at a specific enterprise some of the stages may be omitted. For example, to make an unrefined product, refining is not needed. The same is with heat treatment - to reduce the cost of purchasing equipment, this stage is often eliminated. Therefore, it is important that the business plan for the production of sunflower oil must contain detailed description selected technology. The choice of necessary equipment depends on this in the future.

To draw up the practical part of a business project, it is better to invite a qualified technologist.

What equipment will be needed to start the workshop?

Line for the production of sunflower oil OVOR - 450

When the product manufacturing technology is thought out, you need to buy equipment for the production of sunflower oil. There is a huge selection of equipment on the market - from low-power household units to high-performance automated lines. Which option to choose depends on the planned volume of production of the finished product.

If you plan to produce oils of more than 30 tons/day, it is more advisable to think about purchasing a fully equipped line (squeezing + refining). With less power (up to 10 tons/day), it is better to buy all equipment separately.

Average price of equipment for the production of sunflower oil, purchased separately:

Separator for cleaning seeds – from 50,000 rubles.
Tumbler-fan machine - from 70,000 rubles.
Roller machine – from 500,000 rub.
Roaster – from 400,000 rub.
Spin machine - from 650,000 rubles.
Filter for pressing oil (2-3 pieces required) – from 90,000 rubles.
Refining apparatus - from 700,000 rubles.
Filling machine – from RUB 300,000.

As a result, it turns out that you will need to spend at least 2,300,000 rubles on equipment. The figure will increase significantly if the line is expanded with additional units and automated. And equipment with a capacity of more than 25 tons/day of finished oil will cost the entrepreneur at least 7,000,000 rubles.

Without a large investment, you may want to skip the fryer at first. Also, in order to save money, the sunflower oil production workshop can be equipped with supported equipment. But such transactions are always risky.

But private home production will not require such impressive costs for equipment. The price of household devices is not so high, but they are not very powerful either. For example, a mini butter churn for the production of sunflower oil with a capacity of 5 l/h today costs from 100,000 rubles. But here, of course, we are not talking about big profits. How family business– yes, such an option exists, but it is unlikely as production equipment in a full-fledged workshop.

What kind of premises should I rent?

The main difficulty in launching food enterprises is the strict requirements for workshops and warehouses. There must be electricity, water, and sewerage. In addition, the city’s sanitary services will definitely check the premises for compliance with lighting and cleanliness standards.

As for the area of premises, here you can focus on the following standards: for 1 ton of raw materials processed per day there should be at least 40 m 2 of free space. And the storage facilities should be even larger, since according to the rules, sunflower seeds cannot be stored in bulk in a layer that is too thick. Moreover, the production reserve norm is considered to be for 1-1.5 months at once. On average, warehouses should be twice the size of production workshops.

Separate premises will also be required for storing husks and meal. If there are none, then used products can be stored outside (under a canopy) for some time in good weather.

What kind of staff should you hire?

The sunflower oil production line must be serviced by specialists. And the more automated the enterprise, the less maintenance personnel will be needed.

Qualified employees with relevant diplomas will require foremen and technologists (2-6 people). Low-skilled personnel (loaders, drivers, cleaners) are recruited based on the needs of a particular enterprise.

At food enterprises, as a rule, a shift work schedule is established - 2 * 2. Wages- piecework-bonus.

Well, at home, using a butter churn, even one person can make the product.

Financial justification for the project

Every business plan must have a section dedicated to all expenses and planned profits. Without this data, not a single bank or investor will give a business loan to a beginning entrepreneur.

Taking into account how much an oil press for the production of sunflower oil and other equipment costs, we can calculate fixed costs to organize a small workshop with a capacity of 5 tons/day:

Rent of premises (from 500 m2) – from 100,000 rubles.
Preparing the premises - from 300,000 rubles.
Purchase of equipment – from 2,000,000 rubles.
Registration of documents – from 50,000 rubles.

It turns out that entrance ticket entry into this area of business will cost the entrepreneur at least 2,500,000 rubles. And the figure will be significantly higher if the plant is equipped with vehicles for delivering products to customers.

You don’t have that kind of money and there’s nowhere to get it from? Then you should seriously think about launching home production. Choose your production methods, buy an inexpensive butter churn and get to work.

Salary to employees – from 400,000 rubles/month.
Rent of premises – from 100,000 rubles/month.
Taxes – from 70,000 rubles/month.
Advertising, transport and utility costs – from 100,000 rubles/month.

If we take as a basis for calculations that the workshop will work daily (8 hours) and produce ≈50 tons of finished oil per month, then the profitability table can be presented as follows:

The resulting figures can be corrected by selling production waste - husks, cake and meal - to third parties.

Entrepreneurial activity, the main essence of which is the production of sunflower oil, is today highly popular among many businessmen, regardless of their experience and status.

This is due to the high demand for vegetable oil, which can be classified as an essential product. It is widely used in cooking for dressing salads, frying, and preserving certain foods. In addition, the oil is widely used in other industries: in the production of paint, soap, cosmetics and medicines.

Do you need licenses to open such a business?

Sunflower oil production in its simplest form involves pressing the seeds. This activity is not considered to be any kind of "super business". Therefore, in order to start your activity in this area, you will not need various licenses and all kinds of permits. It is possible to start working from a position individual by paying certain taxes.

Do not forget about the requirements imposed by sanitary and epidemiological services, fire organizations, water utilities, gas and electricity services. All these numerous organizations verify that the company opened by the entrepreneur is not harmful to health. In addition, it is necessary to follow all technical conditions so that the production of sunflower oil does not lead to less than pleasant consequences.

Waste-free vegetable oil

Vegetable, namely sunflower, oils are non-waste. That is, by-products, the appearance of which entails the release of oil from sunflower and other raw materials in the production process (husks, pulp, and scales), are sold in other production areas.

For example, the husks are used in the production of pellets, a popular pet food, which are pre-pressed into briquettes and supplied to consumers in this form.

One fact should be noted: the production of sunflower oil and its sale is the sphere of activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. This is due to the relatively low initial investment required to start a business. In addition, this type of production is characterized by instant payback.

The Importance of Creating a Business Plan

The technology for producing sunflower oil must be done correctly. A well-written business plan can help with this. It will need to identify all the main points that will be characteristic of this field of activity. It is also important to have a strategy.

And it is desirable that it be step-by-step. The strategy includes the following aspects: volumes of products produced, position of the enterprise, suppliers of raw materials, promising market, as well as the production process, degree of mechanization of the process, advice on hiring and employment requirements. A business plan, in which the production of sunflower oil will be considered in more detail, will allow you to correctly place the initial investment and organize profitable production of products.

Not only oil producers, but also those people who supply oil can make money in this area. They usually get raw materials for free, so for them this business is the most profitable. Despite the fact that there is currently a fairly large number of different oil mills, many novice entrepreneurs can quite easily make a profit from such production.

According to experts, it is possible to recoup all the funds spent on opening an oil production enterprise in about six months. And in some situations this can be done for more short terms. The main thing is to ensure a stable supply of all necessary raw materials, as well as to establish constant sales of manufactured products. And for this you need to know very well what the sunflower oil production technology includes.

Necessity for renting premises

Creating an enterprise for the production of vegetable oil is quite a labor-intensive task, since you will need to provide for a variety of little things. And one of the important problems that you will have to face in any case is the rental of industrial premises. They are necessary for processing raw materials and for bottling sunflower oil to occur without any problems. The area of such premises will depend on the volume of products produced.

You will also need a workshop in which oil extraction and filtration will take place simultaneously. Naturally, you can rent two premises at once for these processes. However, it will cost much more.

You will need a room in which the cake will be stored. It is worth considering that it is prone to spontaneous combustion. This factor is quite important and must always be taken into account. To check the temperature of this product, a wooden stick is inserted into the cake. The moment it heats up, the products will need to be taken out to the cattle.

Key questions that will arise when starting your own business

The sunflower oil production line, namely its organization, requires finding an answer to two very important issues: where to get raw materials and how to sell the resulting products. It should be understood that finding a regular customer is an important component of this business activity. Only with its help can you sell all the products that will be created.

This business will be simpler if the entrepreneur is familiar with the field of trade. Selling oil in such a situation will simply fit into ready-made schemes. It is worth noting that it is not so difficult to find a client for the cake itself, since the demand for it is very high.

Before you open a business to create oil, you will need to find a supplier of seeds. It is best to do this in the autumn. Moreover, the closer the supplier is located to the location of the oil mill, the better.

You should not abandon your own policy if you decide to open an oil mill, for example, in a village. Everything possible should be done to create a correct and positive reputation. To do this, you can allocate money to support educational institutions. Then the efficiency of entrepreneurship will double, if not more.

Description of vegetable oil production technology

Sunflower oil is produced in two forms: refined and unrefined. It varies in the degree of purification from impurities. For unrefined oil, only mechanical filtration is provided. Moreover, this type of oil has more valuable and beneficial properties.

Refined oil requires additional purification, including methods such as sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, sulfate refining, bleaching, hydration, deodorization and freezing. After this treatment, the oil acquires a light shade and its odor is eliminated.

What stages can the technology for creating sunflower oil be divided into?

The entire sunflower oil production technology consists of the following steps:

Sunflower oil production.
Cleaning sunflower seeds from husks by separating them in a special apparatus.
Speleotourism and cleaning of kernels from husks in crushing machines.
Passing sunflower seeds through a roller device and obtaining mint.
The mint goes into a roasting pan, which can be either steam or fire. In addition, fryers may differ from each other in terms of performance and cost.
The processed mint passes to screw presses. The oil obtained after pressing is sent for settling and subsequently mechanical filtration.
The pulp that remains after pressing is sent for extraction into a special machine. Using a solvent, the residual oil extractor is driven through.
The finished product is packaged in various containers, often plastic bottles of various sizes. This process is carried out on complex vegetable oil bottling lines.

The quality of manufactured products plays a very high role

Small businesses are characterized by so-called march production, which can occur even if there is only one bag of seeds available. More this type production is called preliminary oil removal. This scheme is common for those entrepreneurs who have just started their activities.

The processing of mint has the greatest influence on the quality of products, because in modern world people are concerned not only about the taste of the product, but also about its quality. Many have long understood that light oils are of better quality, and dark oils are harmful, since they contain high levels of carcinogens.

If the temperature in the frying pan is more than one hundred and twenty degrees, essential nutrients including vitamin E will be completely destroyed. Therefore, a sunflower oil filter plays a very important role. Much will depend on his choice.

Use of specialized equipment in production

Screw devices are especially popular in the production of sunflower oil. They provide a sufficiently high temperature through friction. However, it does not rise above 120 degrees. Based on this, we can say that such equipment for the production of sunflower oil does not require any additional fryer.

In addition, the presses available in screw systems are capable of pressing the seeds directly with the husk. Before processing, the seeds will need to be winnowed and passed through a special device called a calibrator. With its help, all unnecessary and large debris will be removed.

Equipment for the production of sunflower oil, such as extruder presses, which operate on the principle of meat grinders, consists of a large number of parts. Among them, the following should be highlighted:

feeding part;
grinding part;
final spin.

What needs to be done with the oil before selling it?

It is recommended to pre-cool the oil obtained by pressing to approximately sixty degrees. If this is not done, it will begin to absorb moisture and oxygen. Accordingly, the quality will deteriorate.

After pressing, the oil is processed. The first two stages of its processing are refining. The oil is refined using various impurities and wax. There are two purification options: the first is sedimentation, the second is filtration. The first method, according to some experts, is the best. The oil settles at an ambient temperature of twenty degrees for seven days.

What are the available filtering methods?

To speed up this process and not fill the room area with a variety of containers, you can simply filter the oil. Pre-filtration is carried out after the oil is cooled to sixty degrees. And when cooled to twenty degrees, filtration occurs at a more thorough level. This process is called fine filtration.

Filters that are used in food production are also suitable for pumping oil. The most popular are the so-called frame filters. They consist of several layers of cotton fabric. Such material, of course, is quickly consumed. You can purchase it from suppliers of similar equipment or in various other places - it is not in short supply.

There is another filtration method called vacuum. In this situation, the oil will be drawn through those layers of material that are filtered by vacuum force. In this case, all garbage will be removed. This filtration causes the oil to become lighter in color. In addition, it has a long shelf life.

What should you remember if you want to start producing oil?

How much can it cost to set up a sunflower oil production line? Creating such an activity costs a considerable investment. And if you have a desire to gain a foothold in this area, then it is best to register as an agricultural producer. In such a situation, business activities will be subsidized by numerous benefits related to the payment of taxes.

As practice has shown, you should process either your own grown or purchased seeds. The cost of sunflower oil, namely its production, in this case can be reduced.

However, in some situations problems may arise due to an oversupply of such raw materials in specialized markets. Therefore, there is no need to turn away from the opportunity to provide other companies with services related to the processing of existing raw materials.