“Lessons in Morality” (based on the works of V. Rasputin).
teacher Telezhkina Margarita Veniaminovna
11th grade
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
reveal moral problems literature of the 80s of the 20th century;
continue acquaintance with the work of V. Rasputin;
give ideas about the timeliness and modernity of the work “Farewell to Matera”;
continue the conversation about humanity, about mercy, about love for one’s small homeland;
introduce the children into the spiritual world of Rasputin, in moral world his heroes;
promote in children the need to have their own opinion in self-analysis;
nurturing a sense of responsibility for one’s words and actions, love for the Motherland, for the small homeland.
Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge.
Lesson type: oral journal.
Epigraph:
There are four supports in a person’s life:
home with family, work, people, with whom
rule holidays and everyday life together, and
the land on which your house stands.
(V. Rasputin)
Equipment:
epigraph on the board;
portrait of a writer;
presentation.
Vocabulary work:
Farewell - parting
Say goodbye -
1) exchange greetings with someone when parting;
2) leave something, part
Matera - seasoned; mother; mainland.
Seasoned –
1) full of strength, strong, having reached full maturity;
2) experienced, knowledgeable;
3) incorrigible, notorious.
Lesson progress:
Organizational moment.
We write down the date of the lesson, topic, epigraph in a notebook. Determine the objectives of the lesson.
Teacher's word.
At the beginning of the lesson we will get acquainted with the biography of the writer (presentation).
Rasputin Valentin Grigorievich was born on March 15, 1937 in Irkutsk region, the village of Ust-Uda on the banks of the Angara, 300 km. From Irkutsk, between Irkutsk and Bratsk. Mother - Rasputina Nina Ivanovna, father - Rasputin Grigory Nikitich.
To 1st grade Atalan primary school the future writer left in 1944. Here, having learned to read, Rasputin fell in love with books forever. After graduating from 4th grade, Rasputin wanted to continue his studies. But the school, where there were 5th and subsequent grades, was located 50 km from his native village, so the writer’s life began without parents and family.
In 1959 he graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Irkutsk state university. During his student years, he became a freelance correspondent for a youth newspaper. One of his essays caught the editor's attention. Later, this essay under the title “I forgot to ask Lyoshka” was published in the anthology “Angara” (1961). In 1958-66 he was engaged in journalism in Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk: in 1958 he was a correspondent for the newspaper “Soviet Youth” of the Irkutsk Regional Committee of the Komsomol, from 1959 worked at a television studio in Irkutsk, then, after moving to Krasnoyarsk, he collaborated with the newspapers “Krasnoyarsky Komsomolets” and “Krasnoyarsky Rabochiy”. As a correspondent for “Soviet Youth”, and later for “Krasnoyarsk Komsomolets” and “Krasnoyarsk Worker”, he walked on foot between the Yenisei, Angara and Lena rivers.
The first collection of stories, “I Forgot to Ask Leshka,” was published in 1961. Since 1966, Rasputin has been a professional writer. Since 1967, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR.
He began to engage in independent social activities in his first half. 80s, becoming one of the initiators of the campaign to save the lake. Baikal from the wastewater of the Baikal pulp and paper mill. He actively opposed the project of turning the northern and Siberian rivers. In 1979, he joined the editorial board of the book series “Literary Monuments of Siberia” of the East Siberian Book Publishing House (Irkutsk). In the 1980s, he was a member of the editorial board of the Roman-Gazeta magazine.
In 1986 he was elected secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR.
In March 1990, after the election of M. Gorbachev as President of the USSR, Rasputin was appointed by presidential decree as a member of the Presidential Council of the USSR. According to the materials of the All-Russian reader's competition "Golden Key - 98", held by the Russian State Children's Library, among the 50 most popular authors, teenagers name V.G. Rasputin.
Awards V.G. Rasputina:
Hero of Socialist Labor (1987),
Two Orders of Lenin (1984, 1987),
Red Banner of Labor (1981),
Badge of Honor (1971),
Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1977, 1987),
Laureate of the Irkutsk Komsomol Prize named after. Joseph Utkin (1968),
Winner of the award named after. L. N. Tolstoy (1992),
Laureate of the Prize of the Foundation for the Development of Culture and Art under the Committee of Culture of the Irkutsk Region (1994),
Winner of the award named after. Saint Innocent of Irkutsk (1995),
Laureate of the Siberia magazine award named after. A. V. Zvereva,
Laureate of the Alexander Solzhenitsyn Prize (2000),
Laureate of the Literary Prize named after. F. M. Dostoevsky (2001),
Laureate of the Presidential Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art (2003),
Winner of the award named after. Alexander Nevsky “Russia's Faithful Sons” (2004),
Winner of the Best foreign novel year. XXI century" (China, (2005),
Laureate of the All-Russian literary prize named after Sergei Aksakov (2005),
Laureate of the Russian Government Prize for outstanding achievements in the field of culture (2010),
International Unity Foundation Award Winner Orthodox peoples (2011).
Honorary citizen of Irkutsk (1986), Honorary citizen of the Irkutsk region (1998). He died on March 14, 2015, 4 hours before his 78th birthday.
Learning new material.
Analysis of the story “Farewell to Matera”.
In his works, V. Rasputin tells readers about universal human values - about conscience. About the homeland, about the meaning human life, about the soul, about memory.
The writer is concerned with the following questions: “Why does a person live? For what? For what use?
“I wonder where life will go?” - thought old woman Anna from “The Deadline”.
Old Daria from the story “Farewell to Matera” asked herself and could not answer: “Who knows the truth about a person: why does he live?”
What are we convinced of by listening to the questions that concern V. Rasputin? (In that everyone normal person cannot help but pose these questions and think about them).
The work tells us about the island of Matera, which is about to sink due to the construction of a new hydroelectric power station. And along with the island, the life that has developed here for three hundred years will have to disappear, that is, plot-wise, this situation depicts the death of the old patriarchal life and the reign of a new life.
V. Rasputin touches on many moral issues in his story, but the fate of Matera is the leading theme of this work.
It easily reads the fate of Rasputin’s native village, Atalanka, which fell into a flood zone during the construction of the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station.
Matera is both an island and a village of the same name. Russian peasants inhabited this place for three hundred years. Slowly, without haste, life goes on on this island, and for those three hundred extra years made many people happy
Matera. She accepted everyone, became a mother to everyone and carefully fed her children, and the children responded to her with love. But Matera leaves, the soul of this world leaves.
They decided to build a powerful power plant on the river. The island fell into a flood zone. The entire village must be relocated to a new settlement on the banks of the Angara.
The main patriot and philosopher of Matera turns out to be, as usual with Rasputin, the old woman - Daria.
“Rasputin’s old women” is the same cultural and historical concept as “Shukshin’s weirdos” or (if you look into the 19th century) “Turgenev’s girls” and “Leskov’s righteous people.”
The owner is the guardian beast of the island, the royal foliage is his world tree, Daria is the mother and memory of Matera. This image is not just a character, but a point of view, an ultimate, generalized view of the world, approaching the author’s, but not merging with it.
Daria is “the oldest of the old women”, who does not even remember the date of her birth: “None of them knew their exact years, because this accuracy remained at baptism in church records that were taken somewhere - the ends cannot be found” (chapter .2). She is already standing at the turning point, on the edge, on the border between the world of the living and that continuous series of nameless ancestors that goes deep into the ground. “It’s time for me to get ready, I’ve been out of here for a long time... I’m from there, from the next world. And for a long time it seems like I’m not living in my own way, in someone else’s way, I don’t understand anything: where, why? And I live. Now the light broke in half: what’s going on! And he broke down for us, for the old people... we are neither here nor there. God forbid!” (chapter 4).
How is Daria's moral beauty shown?
(Rasputin shows the moral beauty of Daria through the attitude of people towards her. People go to her for advice, they are drawn to her for understanding, warmth. This is the image of a righteous woman, without whom “the village does not stand”).
Through what is the image of Daria revealed?
(The depth of Daria’s image is also revealed in communication with nature. The heroine’s worldview is based on the awareness, characteristic of Russian people, of the inextricable, organic connection between man and nature).
What is a house, a hut for Daria?
(As if from her father and mother, Daria receives an order to clean out the hut, wash it like a dead person, and dress it in all the best. The hut connects her with her father, with her mother, with their fathers and mothers. The feeling of this connection with the departed cannot leave her.)
She not only whitewashed, but scrubbed the floors, washed the windows, thinking at the same time: “She feels, oh, she feels where I’m dressing her up.”
An illiterate villager, she thinks about what should concern everyone in the world: what are we living for? How should a person for whom generations have lived feel? Daria understands that her mother’s previous army gave everything for her, that “the truth is in memory.”)
Summing up the lesson.
Concluding today's lesson on V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera", we will try, each for ourselves, to highlight the main thing: what did the meeting with Matera give us? Did it make you think about moral issues? careful attitude to the small homeland, Motherland.
I want to draw your attention once again to the epigraph
I wish you that these 4 supports will support you throughout your life, so that you never forget about your home.
“She turned to the left and found a mound in the depths of the forest, under which lay her father and mother, those who gave her life. The mound was stained with earth from an inverted cross. On the left, she was laid first, the mother rested, on the right the father. Daria bowed to the grave mound and sank to the ground next to it. The wind didn’t make its way here, it was quiet, only the dry trees rustled harshly. She closed her eyes so as not to see either smoke or ruined graves, and, swaying with soporific movements back and forth, as if flying away from one state and heading to another, gaining relief from non-existence, she quietly announced:
It's me, daddy. It’s me, mom.” The voice was incorrect, “Here I come.” I became completely weakened, the cow and that sedni were taken away. You can die. And to die, my dear, I will have to pass by Matera. I won’t lie down with you, nothing will come of it. And I wanted to take you with me so that you could lie down together, and it wouldn’t work out. Don't be angry with me, it's not my fault. I’m guilty, guilty, I’m guilty because it’s me, it fell on me. And I was stupid, I didn’t know what to do. You, daddy, told me to live long... I obeyed and lived. But it was our way to live, we should have come to you, we would have been together. What now? I won’t die in peace that I abandoned you, that in my lifetime, in no one’s lifetime, our family will be cut off and carried away.
She buried her face in the grass on the grave mound, her shoulders trembling. And there, into the grass, into the ground, she complained bitterly: “It’s s-s-smoky, it’s smoky here.” There is no breath from the smoke. You see for yourself. Do you see me? Do you see what I have become? I am yours, yours, I need to come to you... can you take me to the living? I'm not fit to go there, I'm your age. Me to you... I would take the hut to you too. Let the fire flow, the water... - She raised her head and straightened her scarf. - Our hut, daddy, don’t sit down tomorrow too... there too. And I will watch. I’ll come up so it’s not too hot and see if it burns well. And then I’ll come and tell you. What will I do? Well? And suddenly it came to her mind - as if it came from a guessing whisper from somewhere far, far away: “Did you tidy up our hut? You were going to see her off, but how? Are you just going to leave and slam the door behind you? We need to tidy up the hut. We’re all in it.” lived." Startled, Daria hastily agreed: “I’ll tidy it up, I’ll tidy it up. And how did I forget it from my memory? I should know myself. I’ll tidy it up.” “What is it?” she asked, hoping for an answer. “What should I do? What should I do?” - and tensed, stretched, listening, collecting into one weak sounds floating by. But no, nothing affected her. The most important thing did not affect. It was still quiet, the rustling of leaves and grass did not come in response.
She asked again, without hope, - the graves were silent. And she decided that she had not received forgiveness. Serves her right. For what kind of merit was she going to receive it? She can’t forgive herself, but wants them to forgive - isn’t it a shame?”
Homework.
Read an excerpt from the story and answer the questions:
Why does Daria ask for forgiveness from her parents?
Why does she come to the cemetery in difficult times?
What moral qualities in Daria's character make us respect her?
6. Reflection.
- Did everyone understand the topic of the lesson?
-Did the lesson achieve its goal?
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Slide captions:
You are a woman, and you are right about that. V. Bryusov.
Botticelli "Birth of Venus"
Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin born 1937 “... the principles laid down in a person’s childhood are like letters carved on the bark of a young tree, growing and unfolding with him, constituting an integral part of him.” V. Hugo
“I believe that in my writing, she played no last role: once upon a time... I went out to the Angara and was stupefied - and from the beauty that entered me, I was stupefied, as well as from the conscious and material feeling of the Motherland that emerged from it.” V. Rasputin
“... a woman in Russia has always been the main stronghold of traditional morality and spirituality...” V. Rasputin
“Father and son sat at the table for a long time... Daria looked at them, sitting next to her, opposite her, and thought: “Here it is, one thread with knots. My knot is about to be stretched and smoothed out so that a new one can be tied at the other end. Where and in what direction will this thread be pulled next? Why do you want to know what will happen?”
“Have you even heard that he, a man, has a soul?... Whoever has a soul, God is in him... And even if you don’t believe it, you don’t believe it, but he is in you. Not in the sky. And what’s more, it keeps you a person. So that you are born a man and remain a man.” "Farewell to Matera"
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Literary living room " Lessons from Rasputin»,
dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the birth of V.G. Rasputin
Korneychuk I.L.
Additional education teacher
boarding school No. 26 of JSC Russian Railways,
Nizhneudinsk, Irkutsk region.
Liszt's music "The Sound of the Forest" is playing. Slides on the screen. The presenters come out.
1 reader:
Stupid tales still circulate
What is Siberia without sun, without affection,
Idle fables still circulate,
That Siberia is famous only for its cold.
They say the snowstorms start songs there,
Yes, bears roam the streets.
Still often when we meet
A resident of the capital will ask, gasping:
From Siberia? What are you talking about? Far away!...
Is the wilderness really familiar to you?
Reader 2:
Yes, Siberia is far from the capital,
Yes, the blizzard has been angry here for weeks,
Yes, our region is still poor in gardens,
Yes, there are, of course, bears in the taiga,
But only the ignorant are bearish
The Siberian region is considered as before!
Reader 3:
And what wonderful springs there are!
And what ringing pines there are!
Quietly the shaggy cedars are dozing,
Flowers scattered across the ridges.
If you look, you won’t believe it: on the ground
It was like a rainbow fell from the sky.
1 presenter:
But our Siberian region is rich not only in amazing nature, but, above all, in people. Many of them glorified Siberia. Among them is the outstanding writer of our time Valentin Rasputin.
(The presenters leave)
On the screen is a portrait of Rasputin.
1 student:“I am sure that what makes a person a writer is his childhood, his ability to early age to see and feel everything that then gives him the right to take up the pen. Education, books, life experience educate and strengthen this gift in the future, but it should be born in childhood,” wrote V.G. Rasputin.
2nd student: Let us turn to the childhood of V.G. Rasputin, which made him a writer.
“I was born three hundred kilometers from Irkutsk,” says the writer, “in Ust-Uda, on the Angara. So I am a native Siberian, or, as we say, local. My father was a peasant, worked in the timber industry, served, fought... In a word, he was like everyone else. My mother worked, was a housewife, barely managed her business and family; as far as I remember, she always had enough to worry about.”
1 student. Rasputin's childhood coincided with the war: the future writer entered the first grade of the Atalanka Primary School in 1944. And although there were no battles here, life was difficult, half-starved. Here, in Atalanka, having learned to read, Rasputin fell in love with books.
2 student. Having completed four classes in Atalanka, Rasputin wanted to continue his studies. But the school, which included fifth and subsequent grades, was located only in the regional center of Ust-Uda, and this is as much as 50 kilometers from his native village. You can’t run into people every day - you have to move there to live, alone, without parents, without family. Moreover, as Valentin Rasputin would later write, “before that, no one from our village in the region studied. I was the first."
Valentin Rasputin tells in his story “French Lessons” how a teenager felt in an unfamiliar city, how he lived, what he thought about.
(Fragment of the film “French Lessons”)
Music is playing. The presenters come out.
1 presenter: How did the writer Rasputin begin?
2nd student:“I am a journalist by training, graduated from Irkutsk University. I started with a youth newspaper. In the third year of work, I was sent to prepare an essay about loggers in one of the districts of the Irkutsk region. I wrote this essay. But they told me that the essay did not work out, the material was closer to the story. This editor's tip was the impetus for serious attitude to literature. The story was called “I forgot to ask Lyoshka” and was published in our Irkutsk anthology “Angara” in 1961,” says Rasputin in an interview.
1 student: Working as a special correspondent for Krasnoyarsk Komsomolets, Rasputin wrote articles about construction railway Abakan-Tayshet, about the Bratsk and Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power stations.
In 1967, the story “Money for Maria” appeared » . By this time, Rasputin was accepted into the Union of Writers of the USSR and published 3 books of essays and stories. However, criticism associates the story “Money for Maria” with the appearance of a great original writer in literature; the author himself considers this story the beginning of a new stage in his work. The story brought Rasputin the All-Union and worldwide fame: it was republished more than once, a play was created based on it, staged in Moscow and then in Germany, the book was published in Sofia, Prague, Barcelona, Bratislava, Helsinki, Tokyo.
2nd student: The heroine of his first story, “Money for Maria,” is a saleswoman at the only store in the entire village. The auditor discovered a shortage of 1000 rubles. It would seem that Rasputin should have burst into indignation over the theft of public property. But the writer did exactly the opposite. Made Maria a heroine with a capital letter. Maria Kuzma's husband decides to collect money from the world one by one, borrowing from whomever he can. And the writer looks inside human soul, talks about who we are, reflects on where selfishness, callousness, and soullessness came from in people.
(Fragment of the film “Money for Maria”)
1 student: The most intimate corners of human characters, the deepest experiences of heroes, the feelings of people are shown by Rasputin in his other works. What could be more beautiful than love? Only love itself. But love can also bring suffering, love can change a person, make him better, make him more mature and wiser. This is what is said in the story “Rudolfio”.
(Excerpt from the film “Rudolphio”)
1 presenter: Readers are always interested in peeking into a writer’s creative laboratory.
1 student: This is what Rasputin said about his work: “I’m starting to write hard - about a page and a half a day. Most often I don’t know what will happen in the next chapter. Gradually the material becomes clearer, the finale of the story looms ahead, I can already imagine how to get to it, and then I write a lot, often a day is not enough. I write with a pencil, unfortunately, very small, and then I have to retype what I wrote myself.”
2nd student: There is a lot of talk now about the language of Rasputin’s stories. Readers are pleased with its freshness, imagery, and uniqueness. Valentin Grigorievich once said: “Do not consider it immodest, but I believe that the language in which the “village” writers write - Astafiev, Belov - cannot be learned. This language belongs to them and their heroes, with whom they lived for a long time and absorbed it. My Siberisms are my terminology, the language spoken by Siberians.”
1 presenter.
Native Siberian dialect,
Like a warm light steam
At the lips when the frost is below forty.
Like omul, almost extinct,
No, no, he will suddenly flash on the way
A forgotten splash in conversations.
2 presenter.
Native Siberian dialect,
You saved me, soaring
From all the sleek speeches
From smooth, even bricks,
Where there are no carved platbands
And mischievous dovecotes,
Like above you, my hut.
As above you, my destiny.
3 presenter.
I've been all over the wide world
Not just anyone's ambassador - Siberia,
Although I'm not a diplomat at all.
And to the end - in response to slander -
I will be a Siberian poet,
And the one who doesn’t believe me in this,
Well, they don’t understand anything.
1 student.
All of Rasputin’s books originate from love for his small homeland. It is no coincidence that in the story “Farewell to Matera” one can easily read the fate of the writer’s native village, Atalanka, which fell into a flood zone during the construction of the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station. Rasputin Matera has both an island and a village of the same name. Russian peasants inhabited this place for three hundred years. But they decided to build a powerful hydroelectric power station on the river. The island fell into a flood zone. The entire village had to be relocated to a new village on the right bank of the Angara. But this prospect did not make the old people happy. The soul, for example, of grandmother Daria was bleeding. After all, she wasn’t the only one who grew up in Matera. This is the homeland of her ancestors. And Daria herself considers herself the keeper of the traditions of her people.
(Book trailer “Farewell to Matera”)
2 student.
A similar fate befell the village of Atalanka, with which Rasputin’s childhood was connected. He was moved to another place. The writer’s mother moved to new Atalanka. But is it possible to transfer the old way of life to a new place? It turned out not. After all, it was not just a move. People had to change their crafts. Man-made seas deprived them of their usual way of life. There was nowhere to sow bread. Many of the new arable lands were unsuitable: there was mostly clay all around. Tons of fertilizers were poured into the ground, but they did little to help. That is why morals began to change.
1 student: After the publication of the story, Rasputin told journalists: “We should not delude ourselves - we will no longer be able to return many good traditions. Now the question is about preserving the remaining ones, and not abandoning them with the same ease and recklessness as it was until recently.” Almost all of the writer’s work and all of his social activities are dedicated to this—saving the Earth, life, and useful traditions.
2nd student: The story "Fire". V.G. Rasputin considered it “essentially a direct continuation” of the story “Farewell to Matera.” People moved to a new village. The hero of the story I.P. Egorov is the writer’s neighbor in the village of I.E. Slobodchikov. He did not change with the move of the village and with the change in its way of life. It is impossible to live without conscience, without love for the land, no matter how you live.
1 student: The author talks about an invisible internal fire in the soul of the hero, which worse than that that destroyed the warehouses. Ivan Petrovich frantically reflected on the fact that “the world did not turn upside down right away, but just like ours: it was not allowed, not accepted - it became allowed and accepted, it was impossible - it became possible, it was considered a shame, a mortal sin - it is considered agility and valor."
1 student: The fire highlighted such human vices as cowardice, theft,
permissiveness, drunkenness, indifference, violation of elementary justice. But he
also showed that true Russian characters have not disappeared on our land, who
they live according to their conscience, work honestly and love their land.
2nd student: Rasputin always had a special relationship with women, mothers, and old women. All his inconspicuous, quiet heroines have a restless and conscientious soul; they are worried that conscience is “thinner” in people. His shy, resigned and pure old women, all these Annas, Darias, Nastyas, Alenas, stood in the way of Evil and Fearlessness. The Patriarch once said: “...the white handkerchiefs of the grandmothers saved Orthodox Church from destruction." The old women of Valentin Rasputin, our mothers and women of Russia saved the conscience of the people, warmed their soul, and breathed strength.
1 student: Tale " Deadline", which V. Rasputin himself called the main one of his books, touched on many moral problems. In this work, V. Rasputin showed relationships within the family, raised the problem of respect for parents, which is very relevant in our time, raised the question of conscience and honor, which raised each hero of the story.
2 student.“My grandmother Marya Gerasimovna not only helped me,” says the writer, “but gave all of herself, along with her dialect, character, fate, thinking, so that I could write my old women - Anna in “The Last Term” and Daria in “Farewell to Matera” ", Vasilisa in "Vasily and Vasilisa". I haven't talked to anyone in my life
with such interest and such benefit as with her, especially when he grew up, and she fell ill, and she had nowhere to rush.”
1 student: Valentin Rasputin is sure that modern youth do not know their elders well and do not value them. And he wants to emphasize that “alone with nature and work, they spent their entire lives with truth and God, and did not scatter and crumble their lives into crooked errands according to empty weights, doctrines and passions. I will again refer to my Daria, to her words addressed to her grandson: “I have seen little, but lived a lot. What I happened to look at, I looked at him for a long time, and not casually, like you.”
2nd student:“The soul does not demand from anyone as severely as from a Russian person”... The story “Live and Remember” was written in 1974 and was born from the writer’s experiences in childhood and reflections on the village of the war years. The writer simply and casually talks about the price of betrayal. Betrayal that grew from small concessions
conscience, duty, honor. Having destroyed himself, Andrei Guskov also destroys his dearest and most beloved people.
1 student: After being seriously wounded, Guskov desperately wanted to return to his homeland, at least for a little while, just to look at his Atamanovka, hold Nastya to his chest, and have a word with the old people. But there was a war: it established its cruel laws. He encountered no patrols, no checks, and no picky questions. But having avoided the tribunal, Guskov still did not escape the court, the court of conscience. He turned himself into an outcast, not counted among the living or the dead. He wanders around his native district, gradually losing his human appearance.
2nd student: By betraying his soldier's duty, Guskov betrayed not only himself, but also his wife, whom he excommunicated from the village and the people. Desperate to find a way out of the created impasse, Nastya rushes into icy waters Hangars. For Valentin Rasputin, the philosophy of forgiveness is unacceptable. This is a tragic and high moral lesson for present and future generations.
1 student: One of Rasputin’s last stories, “Ivan’s Daughter, Ivan’s Mother,” is based on real events that happened to his friends in Irkutsk, and tells how the heroine of the story went against the usual course of life, in which a rapist, having given a bribe, can get away with impunity. She takes revenge herself - she kills her daughter's rapist with a sawn-off shotgun she made with her own hands. But, according to V. Rasputin: “She did not yet know or did not want to say that she could not escape this lifelong hard labor under the demand of her conscience even now.” The writer succeeds at this terribly simple material give a picture of life in modern Russia, outline everything pain points today's national tragedy.
2nd student: V. Rasputin is known not only as the author of fiction, but also as a brilliant publicist. He well understood his duty to his Motherland and accomplished his moral feat - he began to write articles in defense of Lake Baikal, and personally addressed the President of Russia V.V. Putin with a request to protect Baikal, proving “that Baikal was created as the crown of nature not for production needs, but so that we can drink water from it, its main and priceless wealth, admire its sovereign beauty and breathe its protected air. And this, above all, is necessary for us.”
The result of the conversation with the president was that the oil pipeline branch does not run along the bottom of Lake Baikal, but is moved several kilometers away from the great lake.
(To the sound of a song about Baikal, slides about Baikal with quotes from V. G. Rasputin from the essay “Baikal in front of me.”)
1 presenter: In the article “Questions, Questions...” V. G. Rasputin reflects on conscience, on the village, on youth, on patriotism, on language, on Russianness and much more. Read his thoughts. You won't regret it! And this article ends with these words:
2nd presenter: I believe in the ultimate bright meaning of our existence on earth, in the fact that with our lives we will fulfill some great goals.
3rd presenter: I believe in good conquering evil, in the gradual accumulation and unification of good, in the fact that it will be freely chosen by everyone...
(Video “V. Rasputin. Keeps the soul” (before the words about the hero of our time))
1 student: The writer Valentin Rasputin passed away 2 years ago. His departure was a real loss for Russia. Vladimir Krupin calls him “a man of tragic premonitions,” who called on his compatriots not to renounce themselves, to remember and preserve their shrines.
2nd student: The work of Valentin Rasputin is a prophecy that came true during the writer’s lifetime. This is an appeal to humanity that has become more relevant today than ever. This is a call to preserve the human in us and remain human, so that we have a “good heart and a right soul”!
The Russian spring will push through
Dam of the enemy circle.
Russia will be saved -
And this is your merit.
Unprecedented intensity of struggle
Will clear the Motherland of smog.
The Volga and Baikal will breathe -
And this is where you can help.
Reader 3: The Russian soul will heal
People from bitterness and oppression
From an Orthodox ladle -
And this is your concern.
1 reader: The Great Lord somehow
He will lead us away from the grave.
The sun will illuminate the Russian Way
And this is your effort.
Literature lesson, dedicated to creativity
V. G. Rasputin
Student message
Slides 1,2,3,4
March 15, 1937 in the family young worker The regional consumer union from the regional village of Ust-Uda, lost on the taiga bank of the Angara almost halfway between Irkutsk and Bratsk, had a son, Valentin, who later glorified this wonderful region throughout the world. Soon the parents moved to their father’s family nest - the village of Atalanka. The beauty of the nature of the Angara region overwhelmed the impressionable boy from the very first years of his life, settling forever in the hidden depths of his heart, soul, consciousness and memory, sprouted in his works as grains of fertile shoots that nourished more than one generation of Russians with their spirituality.
(Slad5, 6
,7)
A place from the banks of the beautiful Angara became the center of the universe for a talented boy. No one doubted that he was like that - in the village, after all, anyone from birth is visible in full view. Valentin learned to read and write from an early age - he was very greedy for knowledge. The smart boy read everything he could find: books, magazines, scraps of newspapers. His father, having returned from the war as a hero, was in charge of the post office, his mother worked in a savings bank. Carefree childhood ended all at once - my father’s bag with government money was cut off on the ship, for which he ended up in Kolyma, leaving his wife and three young children to fend for themselves.
His conscious childhood, that very “preschool and school period” that gives a person almost more to live than all the remaining years and decades, partially coincided with the war: the future writer came to the first grade of the Atalan elementary school in 1944.
(Slide8)
And although there were no battles here, life, like everywhere else in those years, was difficult, at times half-starved. “For our generation, the bread of childhood was very difficult,” the writer noted decades later. But about those same years he will also say something more important and generalizing, which will then be reflected in his work: “It was a time of extreme manifestation of human community, when people stood together against big and small troubles.”
Here, in Atalanka, having learned to read, Rasputin fell in love with books forever. For him, reading was not just a pleasure that did not require mental effort, or entertainment - it was and remains work on oneself, and no small work. For him, reading does not mean simply skimming the pages with his eyes, catching the outline of the plot, and being able to read does not mean being able to form words from letters. In his opinion, “the reader himself must participate in events, have his own relationship to them and even a place in them, feel a rush of blood from respect. The culture of reading also exists, but not everyone owns it.”
In Atalanka there was only a four-year school. Valentin was sent to Ust-Udinskaya for further studies. high school. The boy grew up from his own hungry and bitter experience, but an ineradicable thirst for knowledge and serious responsibility that was not childish helped him to survive. Rasputin would later write about this difficult period of his life in the story “French Lessons,” which is surprisingly reverent and truthful.
Valentin's matriculation certificate showed only A's. After school, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Irkutsk University. (slide9). The years of study at the university showed and shaded his great love for his native village, for the taiga, for the Angara, those places, and generally for nature, where he spent his early childhood. It would seem, do they really mean that much, these four hundred kilometers from Irkutsk to Atalanka? But, as we read in the essay “Down and Up the Stream,” as a student he often traveled home by boat during navigation, so that his soul could breathe freely, rest from the hustle and bustle, and gain strength, “and these trips were always a holiday for him, about which he “I began to dream since the winter and for which I prepared with all possible care: I saved money, carving out rubles from a meager scholarship, deliberately left unread the best book, according to rumors among my student brother, and adjusted my equipment as best I could.” Life was not easy. I thought about my mother and the younger ones. Valentin felt responsible for them. Earning money for a living wherever possible, he began to bring his articles to the editorial offices of radio and youth newspapers. Even before the defense thesis he was accepted into the staff of the Irkutsk newspaper “Soviet Youth”, where the future playwright Alexander Vampilov also came. The genre of journalism sometimes did not fit into the framework of classical literature, but it allowed us to gain life experience and stand stronger on our feet. After Stalin’s death, my father was granted amnesty, returned home disabled and barely reached the age of 60...
After graduating from university in 1959, Rasputin worked for several years in newspapers in Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk, and often visited construction sites. Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station and the Abakan - Taishet highway. Essays and stories about what he saw were later included in his collections “Bonfires of New Cities” and “The Land Near the Sky.” In 1962, Valentin moved to Krasnoyarsk, and the topics of his publications became larger.
In 1965, Rasputin showed several new stories to V. Chivilikhin, who came to Chita for a meeting of young writers of Siberia, who became " godfather"beginning prose writer .
(slide 10).
Valentin Grigorievich writes essays and articles in defense of desecrated Baikal, working in numerous commissions for the benefit of people. The time has come to pass on experience to the young, and Valentin Grigorievich became the initiator of the annual event held in Irkutsk autumn holiday"The Shining of Russia", collecting in Siberian city the most honest and talented writers. He has something to tell his students.
Many of our famous contemporaries in literature, cinema, on stage and in sports come from Siberia. They absorbed their strength and sparkling talent from this land. Rasputin lives in Irkutsk for a long time, every year he visits his village, where his relatives and family graves are. Next to him are family and congenial people. ( Slide 11). This is a wife - a faithful companion and closest friend, a reliable assistant and simply loving person. These are children, granddaughter, friends and like-minded people.
Teacher: Valentin Grigorievich is a faithful son of the Russian land, defender of its honor. His talent is akin to a holy spring, capable of quenching the thirst of millions of Russians. Having tasted the books of Valentin Rasputin, having known the taste of his truth, you no longer want to be content with surrogates of literature. His bread is bitter, without any frills. It is always freshly baked and without any flavor. It is not capable of becoming stale, because it has no statute of limitations. From time immemorial, such a product was baked in Siberia, and it was called eternal bread. So the works of Valentin Rasputin are unshakable, eternal values. Spiritual and moral baggage, the burden of which not only does not weigh you down, but also gives you strength.
Literary activity
(Slides 12,13)
Teacher: The works written by V. Rasputin became loved by everyone. Having tasted the books of the great master, having known the taste of his truth, you no longer want to be content with surrogates of literature. His “bread” is bitter, without any frills. It is always freshly baked and without any flavor. It is not capable of becoming stale, because it has no statute of limitations. (Slide 14, 15)
Messages from students
Rasputin still continues to publish essays, but most of his creative energy is devoted to stories. They are expected to appear and people show interest in them. At the beginning of 1967, the story “Vasily and Vasilisa” appeared in the weekly “Literary Russia” and became the tuning fork of Rasputin’s prose, in which the depth of the characters’ characters is defined with jeweler precision by the state of nature. It is an integral component of almost all of the writer’s works.
The writer’s grandparents “were people of strong characters...” This is the story “Vasily and Vasilisa” about them. “I started with him,” recalls Valentin Grigorievich, “I painted my grandmother all the time, old woman Anna in “The Last Term” and old woman Daria in “Farewell to Matera” were based on her. The fate of my fellow villagers and my village is in almost all books, and these destinies would be enough for much more.”
The most popular of the writer’s early stories, “French Lessons,” is autobiographical. An eleven-year-old boy comes to study in the regional center, where there is an eight-year school. For the first time he was separated from his family, from his native village. His irresistible melancholy and longing to go home are not surprising. However little hero understands that the hopes of not only his relatives, but also the entire village are placed on him: after all, according to the unanimous opinion of his fellow villagers, “by nature itself he is called to be learned man" This opinion of fellow countrymen is confirmed in new school, in a new social circle. But the time was difficult - post-war and half-starved. The boy begins to gamble for money, solely in order to be able to buy a jar of milk every day “for anemia.” And the teacher French takes a risky step: secretly, at home, plays with a student, simply out of easily explainable human compassion: “The boy is extremely exhausted, but refuses to take on a loan.” This story was later made into a movie.
(Slides 16 -22)
The writer Ales Adamovich said best about Rasputin’s later works: “What is new, truly new here is the emphasized sense of the reality of what is happening. The person in them is a creature that surprises itself with the depths and expanses that are hidden in it. And suddenly a luminous being opens up.”
In the story “Live a Century, Love a Century,” fifteen-year-old Sanya, with youthful categoricalness, decides to gain “independence.” “Stop following orders, acting on cues, believing fairy tales”... And then everything happens exactly as in a fairy tale.
The parents go on a trip, sending their son to his grandmother on Lake Baikal. The grandmother receives a telegram about her daughter’s illness and leaves to nurse her grandchildren... And Sanya finds the desired freedom and the opportunity to put her firm decision into practice. Sanya is not going to distant countries and not to the green ocean islands, but just on a slow train and on their own two feet, leaving with Mityai and Uncle Volodya to their native Baikal taiga for two days with an overnight stay. And the taiga in its grandeur and pristineness opens up before Sanya in such a way that he will remember these two days for the rest of his life.
There are works that hold attention only by the movement of the plot - intrigue, rapid and frequent changes in situations, dynamism of action. Rasputin's stories are different. The main thing in them is the movement of the soul, its independent life. He conveys to us the state and movement of the soul of the main characters through the state and mood of nature.
In “Money for Mary,” Rasputin removes such natural phenomena as wind and snow from the landscape series, placing them among the heroes, especially the wind, which throughout the entire work performs a much more important function than just confirming the restless, nervous condition Kuzma and Maria: it is not in vain that he goes mad precisely at the moment of the separation of the spouses, before Kuzma leaves for the city, and he goes so mad that “the earth beats in the wind and groans.” This is a symbol of superhuman protest, for the short upcoming separation is not only the deprivation of Maria of the most reliable, necessary, and, in essence, the only support for her, but also contains a much deeper drama, which cannot but cause this protest: Kuzma’s departure became the last point in a three-day period of disbelief in human community, and the wind now has too much to sweep away from the previously fertile soil of the souls of the heroes.
In 1967, after the publication of the story “Money for Maria,” Rasputin was admitted to the Writers' Union. Fame and fame came. People started talking about the author seriously - his new works are becoming the subject of discussion. Being an extremely critical and demanding person, Valentin Grigorievich decided to engage only in literary activities. Respecting the reader, he could not afford to combine even such closely related genres as journalism and literature.
(Claid23). The story "The Last Term", on which Valentin Rasputin began working in 1969, was first published in the magazine "Our Contemporary", in issues 7, 8 for 1970. She not only continued and developed the best traditions of Russian literature - primarily the traditions of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky - but also imparted a new powerful impetus to the development of modern literature, giving it a high artistic and philosophical level. Nature plays a role in this work. Role in the soul and destiny of a person. Here Rasputin shows the heroine of the story, Lyusa, her possible, but missed present in the face of nature. It is nature that takes Lucy out of her usual, self-established system of existence: against her will, she begins to submit to another, higher power, another, more powerful force, which is useless to resist. Rasputin not only most clearly and powerfully shows the human condition through the state of nature, but also introduces nature and landscape into the work as animated heroes who can show their attitude towards other heroes, not passively illustrating, but actively acting. The story was immediately published as a book in several publishing houses, was translated into other languages, and published abroad - in Prague, Bucharest, Milan, Budapest, Stuttgart, Sofia. The play "The Deadline" was staged in Moscow (at the Moscow Art Theater) and in Bulgaria. The fame brought to the writer by the first story was firmly established. Valentin Rasputin's place in literature was finally determined.
At the end of the 20th century, humanity faced an acute problem of choice: either naked practicality, recognizing only material well-being, or an installation on spiritual values, on the experience of previous generations, on love for all life on earth. Valentin Rasputin is one of those authors who pose this problem of choice with maximum frankness and harshness. And this is understood: the path a person takes in his relationships with the outside world, with nature, determines his immediate future.
Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera" can be called a warning story. A warning about the reality of the extinction of humanity as a species.
Each of us knows that he is mortal, and in most cases we solve the problem of non-existence optimistically: I will die, but my descendants will live. Now, along with this traditional understanding of life and death, a new worldview is being formed: the idea of the possibility of a cosmic catastrophe. About the death of all human civilization due to nuclear and environmental threats. “Farewell to Materoi” expresses precisely this eschatological concept in artistic form: for the heroes of Rasputin’s story, the end of the world seems to have already come. Alienation from the land, insensitivity to spiritual values accumulated over centuries—that’s main reason irreparable moral losses, mutual misunderstanding, the troubles that befell humanity with the victory of a soulless civilization.
An event in the ideological life of society was Rasputin’s story “Fire” (985). This is a stern artistic warning about the impending national misfortune: spiritual decline, followed by social decline.
With the beginning of “perestroika,” Rasputin, who had previously avoided the bustle of the meeting, became involved in a broad socio-political struggle. He was one of the most active opponents of the destructive “turn of the northern rivers” (Berger’s project was canceled in July 1987). In 1989-91 - deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, gave passionate patriotic speeches, for the first time quoted the words of P.A. Stolypin about “great Russia” (“You need great upheavals, we need great Russia”). He was a member of the leadership of the Russian National Council and the National Salvation Front. Then he publicly declared that “politics is a dirty business.”
In Rasputin's works, human versatility is intertwined with subtle psychologism. The state of mind of his heroes is a special world, the depth of which is subject only to the talent of the Master. Following the author, we plunge into the whirlpool life events his characters, we are imbued with their thoughts, we follow the logic of their actions. We can argue with them and disagree, but we cannot remain indifferent. This harsh truth of life touches the soul so much. Among the writer’s heroes there are quiet pools, there are almost blissful people, but at their core they are powerful Russian characters who are akin to the freedom-loving Angara with its rapids, zigzags, smooth expanse and dashing agility. (slide 24)
The year 1977 is a landmark year for the writer. For the story “Live and Remember” he was awarded the USSR State Prize. The story of Nastena, the wife of a deserter, is a topic about which it was not customary to write. In our literature there were heroes and heroines who performed real feats. Whether on the front line, deep in the rear, surrounded or in a besieged city, in a partisan detachment, at the plow or at the machine. People with strong characters, suffering and loving. They forged Victory, bringing it closer step by step. They might have doubts, but they still made the only right decision. Such images fostered the heroic qualities of our contemporaries and served as examples to follow.
He could write multi-volume novels - they would be read with delight and filmed. Because the images of his heroes are excitingly interesting, because the plots attract with the truth of life. Rasputin preferred convincing brevity. But how rich and unique is the speech of his heroes (“some kind of hidden girl, quiet”), the poetry of nature (“the hard snow playing sparklingly as it settled into the crust, the first icicles rang, the air was lit up by the first melting”). The language of Rasputin’s works flows like a river, replete with wonderful-sounding words. Every line is a treasure trove of Russian literature, speech lace. If only Rasputin’s works reach descendants in the next centuries, they will be delighted with the richness of the Russian language, its power and uniqueness.
The writer manages to convey the intensity human passions. His heroes are made of traits national character- wise, flexible, sometimes rebellious, out of hard work, out of being itself. They are popular, recognizable, live next to us, and therefore are so close and understandable. At the genetic level, with their mother’s milk, they pass on their accumulated experience, spiritual generosity and perseverance to the next generations. Such wealth is richer than bank accounts, more prestigious than positions and mansions.
A simple Russian house is a fortress behind whose walls human values rest. Their bearers are not afraid of defaults and privatization; they do not replace conscience with well-being. The main standards of their actions remain goodness, honor, conscience, and justice. It is not easy for Rasputin's heroes to fit into the modern world. But they are not strangers to it. These are the people who define existence.
Years of perestroika, market relations and timelessness have shifted the threshold moral values. This is what the stories “In the Hospital” and “Fire” are about.
People search for and evaluate themselves in difficult modern world. Valentin Grigorievich also found himself at a crossroads.
Student's message
Social and political activities
With the beginning of “perestroika,” Rasputin became involved in a broad socio-political struggle. Rasputin takes a consistent anti-liberal position, signed, in particular, an anti-perestroika letter condemning the magazine “Ogonyok” (Pravda, 01/18/1989), “Letter from Writers of Russia” (1990), “Word to the People” (July 1991), appeal 43 -x "Stop Death Reforms" (2001). The catchphrase of counter-perestroika was P. A. Stolypin’s phrase quoted by Rasputin in his speech at the First Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR: “You need great upheavals. We need great country" On March 2, 1990, the newspaper Literary Russia published a “Letter from the Writers of Russia,” addressed to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU, which, in particular, said:
“In recent years, under the banners of the declared “democratization”, the construction of the rule of law, under the slogans of the fight against “fascism and racism” in our country, the forces of social destabilization have become unbridled, and the successors of open racism have moved to the forefront of ideological restructuring. Their refuge is multimillion-dollar periodicals, television and radio channels broadcast throughout the country. There is a massive persecution, defamation and persecution of representatives of the indigenous population of the country, unprecedented in the entire history of mankind, who are essentially declared “outside the law” from the point of view of that mythical “rule of law state”, in which, it seems, there will be no place for either Russians or other indigenous peoples of Russia "
Rasputin was among the 74 writers who signed this appeal.
In 1989-1990 - People's Deputy of the USSR.
In the summer of 1989, at the first Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, Valentin Rasputin first expressed a proposal for Russia to secede from the USSR. Subsequently, Rasputin claimed that in him “those with ears heard not a call for Russia to slam the union door, but a warning not to make a scapegoat out of a stupor or blindly, which is the same thing,” from the Russian people.
In 1990-1991 - member of the Presidential Council of the USSR under M. S. Gorbachev. Commenting on this episode of his life in a later conversation with V. Bondarenko, V. Rasputin noted:
“My rise to power did not end in anything. It was completely in vain. I remember with shame why I went there. My premonition deceived me. It seemed to me that there were still years of struggle ahead, but it turned out that there were only months left before the breakup. I was like a free application that was not allowed to speak.”
In 1996, he was one of the initiators of the opening, and joined the board of trustees of the Orthodox women's gymnasium in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Irkutsk).
In 2007, Rasputin came out in support of Zyuganov.
In Irkutsk, Rasputin promotes the publication of the Orthodox patriotic newspaper Literary Irkutsk and is on the board of the literary magazine Sibir.
Awards and prizes
Literary criticism calls V. Rasputin “a powerful phenomenon of modern domestic and world literature,” his books are increasingly published in the country and abroad, according to individual works plays are staged and films are made. He receives the highest awards and prizes .(slides 25, 26)
Awards:
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1987),
- Two Orders of Lenin (1984, 1987),
- Red Banner of Labor (1981),
- Badge of Honor (1971),
- On the eve of his 70th birthday, Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded V. Rasputin the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (March 8, 2007), and Patriarch Alexy II also congratulated him. "By his service to art, words of wisdom And good deed You, through the talent given to you by God, convincingly testifies to your love for Russia, commitment to high Christian ideals and faith in the great spiritual strength of our people,” Alexy II said in his congratulations.
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (October 28, 2002).
- Order of Alexander Nevsky (September 1, 2011).
Awards:
- Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1977, 1987),
- Laureate of the Irkutsk Komsomol Prize named after. Joseph Utkin (1968),
- Winner of the award named after. L. N. Tolstoy (1992),
- Laureate of the Prize of the Foundation for the Development of Culture and Art under the Committee of Culture of the Irkutsk Region (1994),
- Winner of the award named after. Saint Innocent of Irkutsk (1995),
- Laureate of the Siberia magazine award named after. A. V. Zvereva,
- Laureate of the Alexander Solzhenitsyn Prize (2000),
- Laureate of the Literary Prize named after. F. M. Dostoevsky (2001),
- Laureate of the Presidential Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art (2003),
- Winner of the award named after. Alexander Nevsky “Russia's Faithful Sons” (2004),
- Winner of the Best Foreign Novel of the Year award. XXI century" (China, (2005),
- Laureate of the All-Russian Literary Prize named after Sergei Aksakov (2005),
- Laureate of the Russian Government Prize for outstanding achievements in the field of culture (2010),
- Laureate of the International Foundation for the Unity of Orthodox Peoples Award (2011).
- 2004 - became an honorary citizen of Irkutsk. In 1989, Valentin Rasputin was elected to the Union Parliament, under M.S. Gorbachev became a member of the Presidential Council. But this work did not bring moral satisfaction to the writer - politics is not his destiny.