There are several reasons to start raising cattle. Some do this to sell it, others to have their own milk and sell it. There are people who breed livestock for display at various exhibitions and festivals. Today, many families decide to own cattle to meet their own needs. Whether you want to raise livestock and sell them, or you just want a couple of cows for your own use, here are some tips for starting your own herd.

Steps

Think about your business plan. The first thing you should do is conduct a swot analysis of yourself and the cattle industry. Decide what kind of cows you want to have, without thinking about the breeds and type of farm you want to have.

• Start small . Don't spend all your money at once when buying or inheriting a farm. If repairs need to be made, start with the essentials. Don't buy new equipment, buy it from auctions. It's best to buy only the best necessary equipment. You will be able to buy everything you consider necessary within 5-10 years after opening your farm.
• Try to produce a cheap product. You will be able to get into the market easily and it is a great way to start making money.

1. Find best place for raising livestock for the next 10-30 years. It is very important to choose the right location for your farm. You should feel comfortable and confident there.

   • You can choose a location for your farm anywhere in the world. You'll want to consider factors such as climate, market, topography and vegetation when choosing a location for your farm.

2. Once you have found the right location for you to open your farm, it is time to look for land to purchase. If you cannot pay the entire cost of the land right away, you will have to take out a loan.

   • As a rule, the greater the demand for land, the more expensive it is. The price may also be affected by the number of residents in the area.
   • Try to buy a farm that already has everything necessary for raising livestock - barns, fences. This way you will spend much less than if you buy a farm, which will then need to be specially rebuilt for keeping livestock.

3. Find out more about the place where you want to buy land. Find information about land quality, vegetation, storage prices and pasture capacity, market requirements, etc. You can ask local residents about the area.

   • As a rule, local residents can provide more reliable information than specialized agencies.

4. Before purchasing equipment, study all the necessary information. Study your financial situation and try to buy only what you need. necessary (not that I want). You will definitely need fencing, waterers and feeders, which are more important than anything else. You'll also need a tractor, haymakers, trailers, and handling equipment.

   • If you decide to start a dairy farm, you will need a lot of buildings and a milking parlor. In addition, you will need a calf barn and a barn where you will keep cows that are not milked.
     • When you are deciding which machine to buy for milking your cows, there are a couple of things to consider. First, are the cows accustomed to the milking process? It is better to use the machine they are used to. If you decide to raise your own cows, find out all the information you need about the different types of pens so you know what's best for you.
   • If you raise beef cattle, you will need fencing, a barn, and plenty of water. This is all! Especially if you raise calves yourself. You can buy grain for the cows for the winter or keep the cows in a pen, but this will raise the cost of the farm.

5. Depending on your finances and goals, decide what type of farming you want to bring. The most popular farms are dairy and meat. Keep in mind that starting a dairy farm will require more resources and effort than starting a meat farm. In addition, legal requirements are much more stringent for dairy producers.

   Study all existing breeds of cows. Choose a breed based on what you want to do, not what you like best. Remember that each breed has its own pros and cons that you will have to work with.

   • If you decide to start a beef farm, choose a breed that has a good temperament and doesn't require a lot of care. Some such breeds are Hereford Beef, Kalmyk Beef, Red Meadow Beef, Galloway Beef and others.
     • If local market demands require you to raise Black Angus cattle, be very careful in your selection of cattle. Very careful.
   • If you decide to start dairy farming, the best breeds for this are Jersey Dairy, Dutch Dairy, Red Danish Dairy, Guernsey Dairy and others.

6. Start with a small number of cows. Don't buy as many cows at once as you can fit on your farm. Buy good cows, with good temperament, good mothering qualities and good feed digestion. Avoid skinny cows that are about to fall over. You can buy heifers, as long as you don't mind waiting a couple of years before you can sell their calves. You can also buy pregnant cows or a cow with calves, but you will still have to wait before you can sell the calves. Remember that experienced cows are easier to handle than heifers.

   • If you want to breed cows, only buy a bull if you have 10 cows or more and do not want to resort to artificial insemination. Artificial insemination is a good solution if you only have 2-5 cows, as it is cheaper than a bull, but, unfortunately, it is not always effective. If you want to artificially inseminate cows, you can rent a bull or negotiate with another farmer who has a bull to keep your cows until they are impregnated.

7. Make sure your pasture is sufficient for the breed you decide to buy. Otherwise, you will have to rent more land.

   • Decide in advance whether you will grow hay for your cows or whether it will be purchased. Try to buy the best hay for your cows.
   • Keep in mind that cow hay accounts for nearly 26% of total farm expenses. By having pastures for your cows to graze on during the summer months, you can cut down on a lot of expenses. To avoid buying or making hay in the winter, you may want to consider purchasing winter pasture.

8. Constantly monitor your financial condition and the condition of your cows, your purchases and sales and other actions. The most important thing is yours financial condition, because from it you can understand if your farm gives you income or not.

9. The most important thing is that you enjoy it. Raising cattle is a demanding job, but you'll always learn something new and always have something to do.

   • Try to have as few expenses as possible. Try to think ahead about your annual plan. If possible, try to keep your cows all year round in the pasture rather than in the pens.
   • Monitor your finances and the health and condition of your cows.
   • Start small. Start with a couple of cows or heifers, and once you gain enough experience, start adding to your herd.
   • Ask and find out as much as possible about your business, and always have the phone number of a local veterinarian ready in case your livestock becomes ill.
   • Plan everything in advance! Plan ahead which cattle are right for you, plan ahead which farm is best for you and how you want to manage it. Write down all your successes and failures, all your thoughts and arguments.
   • Buy more hay than you need. There is no such thing as excess hay.
   • Check your food for nutritional value. Know when your cows need to take maximum quantity nutrients and when not.
   • Keep an eye out for equipment sales.
   • There is no such thing as the best breed. Angus can be an excellent solution if the local market requires this breed. For higher temperatures, you should choose the Brahman breed.
     • Keep in mind the standards that are decided by local farm organizations. Always select and buy the healthiest cows and make sure they have good temperament.
   • Don't keep your first heifer calves. They will be worse than calves from older cows.
   • Avoid buying a bull. Artificial insemination was created to avoid the difficulties and injuries of keeping a bull.
   • Consult your veterinarian about all cattle health programs immediately after purchasing livestock.
   • Fencing, water and food should be the very first thing you purchase, and you should be sure they are working properly before purchasing livestock. Buy waterers based on the needs of your area. For example, if winter in your area lasts from 4 to 6 months, you should buy heated automatic waterers to prevent the water from freezing.
     • Make sure livestock have constant access to water. In winter, make sure that the water does not freeze.

   Warnings

   • Remember Murphy's Laws, namely this one: “If something can go wrong, it will.” The laws of meanness have not been repealed.
   • Don't take on what you can't do.
   • Always be on the lookout for bulls. Even if they look like real lambs, be on your guard.
   • For the first time, it is better not to buy sick animals, even if you really want to “save” them. Such animals are not just sold straight away to butchers; sometimes they simply cannot be saved.
   • Keep your ears to the ground when working with cows and bulls. Be able to understand the mood of the cattle and its intentions.
   • Keeping livestock is not a temporary job. You will have to work 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Cows don't have holidays or days off, and therefore you won't have them either.
   • Try not to spend all your money in the first two years and don't buy new and expensive equipment, otherwise you will go broke too quickly.
     • In other words, try not to have debt.
   • Cattle are stronger and faster than you. Cows can be very dangerous when protecting their calves, and bulls are very unpredictable and dangerous animals in their own right. Bulls are most dangerous when they are near a herd of cows, as well as during the breeding season, since they will consider you, the farmer, a rival.
   • Working with cattle is difficult and tiring work. You will have to go through a lot of stress, you will have to deal with blood, and there will be times when you will begin to regret starting this business.

A village or any plot of land opens up a lot of prospects for business. Some grow vegetables for sale, while others keep rabbits or goats. One option is to organize a small farm for cattle. In this way, you can practice raising cows for milk or meat as a business. Let's figure out whether it is profitable to keep a cow, how to care for livestock, how to raise calves, and what else you need to know about cattle breeding in both directions.

Before starting work on the farm, it is necessary to find out in detail all the nuances and possible pitfalls of this activity. Key points that play a key role:

• Features of maintaining a cattle farm in the cold and warm seasons by zone;
• Meat and dairy breeds of cows, the nuances of their breeding and production of products using modern methods;
• How to most cost-effectively sell products and manure from large animals.

Possible areas of work

A modern mini cattle farm can be focused on milk or meat. Where to start in this or that version of livestock farming, what conditions to provide them with depending on the breeding method?

Meat farm

A beef cattle farm is less expensive than a dairy farm. The first and most important thing here is to choose the right bulls or heifers in order to fatten them later. Not required large number additional premises, equipment for the farm is reduced to a minimum, only the costs will remain for high-quality feed for the cow herd, which is necessary to raise a calf or heifer at home and further breed animals.

If you are interested in livestock farming primarily as a way to quickly make a profit, then choose this most suitable option. However, if you are planning a long-term business, then in the future, in terms of profitability, a mini dairy farm for cows will be more effective.

On at the moment Home family modules are becoming increasingly common to make bull breeding easier. These include the following methods and technologies:

• Once the calves reach 1 year of age, the cattle are further raised in stalls;
• The grazing period is used to the maximum by cattle during breeding;
• Calf feeds on homemade milk up to seven months;
• Use of automatic feed dispensers and dispensers that are easy to clean;
• The use of a home free-stall care option for livestock, with this method the animals simply stand in stalls.

Dairy farm

The main element of a modern dairy farm is the hall where the cows are milked. For best results, its construction is regulated by strict dairy standards, as is the installation of equipment. As a result, a home farm, where cows are kept according to the rules, can become an extremely profitable economic enterprise, like any well-organized livestock farming with high-quality products.

Usually in business they use loose housing in separate stalls or housing in groups. The cattle are fed on the territory of the yard for walking, and the cows are provided with water from automatic drinking bowls inside the premises. Dairy cattle require water at a temperature of approximately 12 degrees when raised. Each heifer needs to be watered and milked daily.

Having finished milking, the products (milk) are placed in a special cold tank, where the temperature is 3 degrees, before being sent for sale to stores or other farms. No other milk processing equipment is required.

What is a mini farm?

Livestock farming is limited to fairly strict limits in all its areas. Premises in which bulls are raised or cows are raised as a business must meet several important requirements:

1. Versatility, allowing you to raise livestock in any climate and in any way, so that the heifers feel good;
2. Possibility of supplying water and electrical communications to all areas for comfortable care of each cow and milking it;
3. Availability of equipment with which cattle will be serviced - bulls and cows, including free-stall housing;
4. To have a cow, bull or calf, the total usable area should not be less than 1000 sq.m., so your domestic livestock will feel comfortable;
5. The ceilings in the premises are not lower than six meters - crowded conditions negatively affect milk production and the rearing of milk-age calves;
6. So that a loose-leash system can be organized.

Also, raising cows at home as a business requires certain types of premises, depending on the focus. Dairy farms always have a modern workshop for bottling milk, and meat farms have a modern workshop for cutting up carcasses (including dehorning) and a laboratory. Farms for cows should be as comfortable as possible for the animals, then they will be profitable in terms of turnover.

There is a cold method for raising calves, which implies the following: animals must constantly breathe fresh, cool air, and the temperature and humidity in the room are constantly maintained as close as possible to natural outdoor conditions. Projects of such farms for cattle are very common today - everyone is talking about cows that grow well in such conditions.

How to design a mini farm

Land selection

In order to choose the right plot of land and organize raising calves at home on it, you need to take into account the following criteria: an area of ​​at least 1000 sq.m., the presence of pastures or places for building various kinds of hangars, walking, and storing hay for the winter.

Much depends on how you raise calves at home - whether you practice free-stall housing or not, whether you have a meat or dairy farm. Keep in mind the rule - it is unprofitable to keep mini-farms that do not have their own food supply - almost all the profit from the family trade in meat or milk will be used to feed the raised animals. And livestock farming is, first and foremost, a serious business where productivity is important.

Keep in mind in the plan that the site should be located in a place where it is easy to connect the necessary communications (hot and cold water supply, sewerage, gas, electricity are required). Ideally, there was already a cattle farm here before. Then even some buildings could have been preserved, which would make your work easier.

It is undesirable to choose a site that is located in a lowland, has poor, depleted soil, or is difficult to access. Eliminating each problem will require investing a considerable amount of family money.

Building equipment

To build successful business on cows and bulls, you need to adhere to certain rules and plans. The size of the stall for one cow or heifer is 100 by 200 cm. In each box, the calf needs to make a slight slope where waste will go. This compartment should also have a door for easy removal of cow dung. For a dairy farm, it is important to consider the milking system and timely supply of water to animals in the layout. Modern automatic milking machines will cost less than hiring milkmaids. Attention should also be paid to the zone in which the cows are bred. Cow breeding as a business must be profitable in terms of turnover, otherwise there is no point in it.

Purchasing animals

The choice of calves depends primarily on the future direction of the farm. For dairy, buy cows with large, hairless udders, a rounded body and sharp withers; such a heifer will most likely provide you with milk. It is best to take young animals, as you can get the maximum amount of milk from each of them. When choosing a meat breed, opt for completely healthy and unpretentious individuals with a large weight. When purchasing, when calculating the number of animals, take into account the estimated turnover of the cattle herd.

Feeding

The farm must have equipment such as feeders for heifers - single or group. When wondering how to choose this element, the easiest way is to choose a wooden gutter - the design is simple, but proven over the years. The same applies to drinking bowls. And in order to check the weight of animals before sale or other procedures, the mini-farm must purchase special scales, especially if it is a meat business. You can also monitor the weight of young animals; calves or heifers should quickly gain weight.

Employees

If your farm is located in a village or rural settlement, then it is most convenient to hire local residents. Jobs required to care for beef/dairy cows and bulls, as well as other operations: milkmaid (optional if there is no milking machine), general laborer who monitors the farm, livestock technician who monitors the health of each animal, accountant and sales manager. Salaries These people in farms of rural settlements according to the plan are in the range of 13-17 thousand rubles.

Spending and profit

The approximate amount that can be met when organizing conditions for keeping dairy cows or bulls for meat is 650,000-1,000,000 rubles. This includes the construction or renovation of buildings, the purchase of livestock, registration of an individual entrepreneur, and the development of a business plan. During the first year you will have the following expenses: purchase of feed, payment of employees, taxes, as well as various unforeseen expenses associated with breeding. Profit depends entirely on how well the business is organized.

An alternative to building a mini farm

It is quite possible that the methods of raising calves do not appeal to you. Alternatively, you can build a dairy farm from the farm. They do this both from scratch and on the basis of existing buildings. In any case, it is necessary to pay attention to ensuring that the premises of the mini-farm are carefully repaired and insulated for each heifer. This is the key to obtaining quality products. You also need to install partitions if you prefer free-stall housing as a technique.

It is advisable that dairy work be carried out by professional builders. It’s better to pay once than to constantly spend money on repairs and alterations. Many construction companies even offer several to choose from finished projects dairy farms that can be used. These projects take into account all the nuances of keeping farmed animals. Then all that remains is to purchase equipment, acquire a cow or calf and start producing milk. Each heifer will grow up healthy and fruitful in a properly constructed facility.

Organizing something like a family farm or dairy is not an easy task. But if you want, you can deal with it. The main thing is to make plans, carefully weigh all the pros and cons and thoroughly study the rules associated with business, be it the production of meat or milk. And then livestock farming will bring you a decent profit.

How to open farming in Russia?

Relatively recently, a pressing issue arose - import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products at the moment are urgently needed, and therefore - a relevant product. In this regard, aspiring entrepreneurs have increasingly begun to wonder about opening their own farm.

How to open a farm? In this guide, we will take a comprehensive look at this issue.

Relevance this area I haven’t lost and will never lose. There are millions of potential consumers of final products living in Russia. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever before. But such a large scale is not always achievable for a beginning entrepreneur.

The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide his own region with products, and as production grows, one can begin to think about entering the federal market.

Main types of farming activities

A farm can engage in the following activities:

• Livestock breeding;
• Vegetable growing;
• Plant growing and seed production;
• Production of products from our own natural raw materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy for a beginning entrepreneur to obtain.

How to legally register a farm?

Federal Law No. 74 “On Peasant (Farm) Farms” is responsible for regulating this type of activity. This type business is registered as a peasant farm - a peasant farm.

It involves certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the farm receives , and information about peasant farms is entered into

Any capable person over 18 years of age can create a farm. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are accepted into it when they reach the age of 16 years. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.

This does not mean a ban on hiring workers or any limitation in their number!

The procedure for registering a peasant farm is very simple and will require collecting minimum package of documents.

Documents for creating a peasant farm

1. Agreement between members of the farm on its creation. Not required if the farm is organized by one person. The sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
2. Application for farm registration (Form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap…
3. Passport or photocopy applicant's passports.
4. Receipt for in the amount of 800 rubles. An important nuance is that the head of the farm must pay for the receipt using his own data, otherwise the tax office will simply not accept it.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Documents for registration can be submitted in person, sent certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes a standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for individual entrepreneurs.

Important! If the head of the household is already registered as individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register a peasant farm in your name.

What to do to receive subsidies for starting a farm from scratch?

To receive subsidies for starting a farm in initial stage You will need to come to the Employment Center and register. There is no need to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.

Under the self-employment program, aspiring entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business. in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.

To apply for a loan (if there is such a need) You should choose banks with government support. Most optimal choice is Rosselkhozbank, which has special loans issued for development agriculture.

The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own the land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large sums collateral will be required

We'll talk more about the costs of starting your own business below.

There is also an option to attract investors - they can act as members of a farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between members of the farm) they will receive a share in the profit.

And now - about the main thing. Let's consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with numbers and calculations.

Farming: business plan with calculations

Rabbit farm business plan

Rabbits are relatively profitable farm animals. They produce skins and meat, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their greatest drawback.

If several rabbits fall ill, almost the entire population eventually dies, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating your livestock, and by mandatory compliance with the conditions for keeping rabbits.

Basic rules

It is forbidden:

• Allow overcrowding and overcrowding of rabbits in cages;
• Buy animals from unverified breeders;
• Add new rabbits to the main stock without prior quarantine;
• Neglect mandatory vaccination;
• Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated areas.

If you follow these simple rules and proper feeding There shouldn't be any problems with breeding. For breeding, you should choose rabbits of direct meat breeds (not mixed and not fur). These include: white giants, Californian breed, New Zealand - white and red.

These breeds are characterized by a high growth rate, as a result of which young animals can be slaughtered by 4-5 months. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg ​​by 5 months.

Costs for equipment for a rabbit farm (business plan) with a productivity of up to 1000 animals per year

Purchase of breeding stock	30 females + 2 males	15,000 for 3-month young animals
Purchase of feed	Feed, hay, mineral supplements	150,000 per year
Vaccination	Veterinary drugs	10,000 rubles per year
Veterinary service	Preventive inspection of livestock	5,000 rubles per year
Shed or barn structure	Materials + work	From 10 to 25 thousand rubles
Purchasing cells	Based on 60 cells	From 30 to 60 thousand rubles
Hiring staff	1 person (as needed)	180,000 rubles per year
Equipment for slaughtering and waste disposal		From 20 to 50 thousand rubles
Refrigeration equipment	For storing carcasses	From 20 to 40 thousand rubles
Other expenses		50,000 rubles per year

Profits from a rabbit farm

Calculation of net profit: 1,300,000 – 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. You can reduce costs without hiring staff, then the net profit will be 1,135,000 rubles per year from a small herd of 30 females.

The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the number of livestock can be increased very quickly, due to which profits will also begin to grow. It should also be taken into account that tanned rabbit skins are large volumes purchased at a higher price.

Dairy farm business plan

Consider the plan for a small dairy farm with 10 cows. The sale of milk has been and will remain a relevant area, in addition, cows and calves also provide meat. Average cost steamed veal – 200-300 rubles per kg (wholesale prices), beef - 200-250 rubles.

Expenses

Approximate profit

Calculation of net profit: 1,625,000 – 370,000 = 1,255,000 rubles when selling milk and meat in bulk. At retail trade products – 2,755,000 rubles per year. You can increase your profit by producing cheese, sour cream and other dairy products for sale.

It is also possible to temporarily eliminate the slaughter of calves for meat (heifers), and increase the number of livestock. After the first calving, the young animals will begin to produce milk and, accordingly, will begin to make a profit.

It should be noted that with a higher live weight of a cow (that is, she is well-fed), her milk production increases. There are also a number of elite breeds that produce up to 30 liters of milk per day.

Conclusion

Creating a farm from scratch - which will not lose its relevance. At the moment in Russia there is no high competition in this industry, but there is constant consumer demand.

The costs of opening your own farm pay off on average in 2-3 years, after which the farm begins to generate net profit. You can expand and scale in this area.

For example, starting with breeding rabbits, after six months or a year you can buy poultry or start fish farming, thereby increasing your income. Based on the above, we can conclude that opening your own farm is

How to open a farm from scratch in Russia? Watch the following video interview:

• How much money do you need to open a family dairy cattle farm?
• Description of products and services
• Production plan
• Which taxation system to choose for opening a family farm for breeding dairy cattle?
• Financial plan
• How much can you earn on a family farm for breeding dairy cattle?
• Step by step plan discoveries, where to start
• Which equipment to choose
• Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?
• What documents are needed to open
• Do I need permission to open?
• Growing technology

Business plan for organizing a family farm for breeding dairy cattle. This material can serve as an example for obtaining credit funds from a commercial bank.

How much money do you need to open a family dairy cattle farm?

According to our calculations, opening a family farm will require investments of 7,550,000 rubles: Construction and reconstruction of a barn (as well as storage and utility rooms) - 1,800,000 rubles.

• Purchase of 80 heads of dairy cows - 4,800,000 rubles.
• Purchase of tools and household items. inventory - 200,000 rubles.
• Purchase of milking machines (10 pcs.) - RUB 500,000.
• Creation of feed reserves - 150,000 rubles.
• Other expenses - 100,000 rubles.

Funding for the project will come from two sources. Own funds will be 30% (RUB 2,265,000) and the remaining 70% will be credit funds (bank loan).

Description of products and services

The main product that is planned to be produced on our farm is milk. The sale of cattle meat will be carried out in very small volumes. The estimated volume of milk sales will be 30,000 liters per month. The wholesale selling price will be 20 rubles/liter. In monetary terms, the turnover will be equal to 600,000 rubles per month. The sale of milk and meat is planned to be carried out primarily to processing enterprises (meat processing plants). Cooperation with wholesale buyers and the private sector is also possible.

Production plan

The organizational form of our farm will be a peasant farm (peasant farm). According to Federal Law dated June 11, 2003 No. 74-FZ “On Peasant (Farm) Farming”, participants in a family farm must be related by kinship or affinity and jointly carry out production and other activities in the field of agriculture economic activity based on their personal participation. The share of involved employees cannot exceed 5 people. In our farm, these conditions will be fully observed. The number of participants in the family farm is 8 people, including 6 relatives and 2 hired workers.

Which taxation system to choose for opening a family farm for breeding dairy cattle?

It is planned to use the Unified Agricultural Tax (USAT) as a taxation system for the economy. This is the most profitable system taxation for agricultural enterprises, since tax is paid in the amount of only 6% of farm profit. The funds received for the implementation of the project will be used for the reconstruction of the existing farm (enlargement) and the purchase of young cattle. In total, our farm will maintain a permanent livestock of at least 80 animals. Such a number of animals will require the construction of a premises with an area of ​​at least 360 square meters. m. (at the rate of 4.5 sq. m. per animal). In addition, it is necessary to build utility rooms for storing tools (30 sq. m.), as well as a warehouse for feed (200 sq. m.). Thus, the total area of ​​the buildings will be about 590 square meters. m. In total, about 1.8 million rubles will be spent on the construction and reconstruction of the barn. Black-and-white dairy cows will be purchased as the “main means” for milk production. This is the most common and productive breed of cow. The average annual milk yield of the black-and-white breed is 6,500 liters of milk. The approximate price for purchasing livestock will be 105 rubles/kg. or 50 - 60 thousand rubles. for an adult animal. The slaughter of livestock will be carried out at a specialized slaughterhouse, with the preliminary removal of animals. The slaughter of one head of livestock will cost the farm an average of 1,500 rubles. I will purchase feed from local agricultural producers. It is planned to buy hay at a price of 130/bale, sugar beets - 1650 rubles/t., mixed feed - 11 rubles/kg. An experienced veterinarian will be hired to monitor the condition of animals and timely prevent diseases. These services will cost 10,000 rubles per month.

Financial plan

Permanent monthly expenses farms

• Utility costs - 40,000 rubles. (500 rub./head.)
• Salary (2 people) + insurance deductions- 35,000 rub. (440 rub./head.)
• Vet. services - 10,000 rub. (125 rub./head.)
• Transport costs - 20,000 rubles. (250 rub./head.)
• Other expenses - 25,000 rubles. (310 rub./head.)

Variable expenses

• Feed consumption - 3000 rub./head per month

Thus, the total cost of maintaining one head of cattle will be 4,625 rubles per month. 80 heads will cost 370,000 rubles per month.

How much can you earn on a family farm for breeding dairy cattle?

The average wholesale price of one liter of milk is 20 rubles/liter. The monthly volume of milk sales will be about 30,000 liters (some of it will be used to feed young animals), which in monetary terms means revenue of 600,000 rubles. Minus the costs of keeping animals, the family farm receives a monthly profit of 230,000 rubles. Taxes must be deducted from this amount (Unified Agricultural Tax, 6%). Thus, the net profit will be 216,200 rubles. Business profitability is 58%. The return on investment occurs in 34 months.

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

To create a family farm business, you need to competently draw up a business plan, which should take into account the following steps:

• What type of activity will the farm be engaged in: poultry farming, dairy products, livestock farming, crop farming, etc.
• After choosing the type of farm, it is advisable to determine the scale of the activity. At this stage, you should calculate preliminary costs and estimated profits for the next 2-3 years.
• This is followed by the purchase of livestock, feed and necessary equipment.
• To sell finished products, you will need to obtain the appropriate permits and registration documents.
• Setting up work with the sales market and sales representatives.

Which equipment to choose

Opening a large family farm will require large acquisition costs the necessary equipment, from 1 to 5 million rubles. Its installation may take several months. An important factor is the layout; for example, cages will be required for poultry farming, and special stalls for livestock farming. You also need to buy ventilation structures, humidifiers, heaters, and manure cleaning products. For staff to work efficiently, it is necessary to build utility rooms in which tools and feed storage can be stored.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

To register a business you will need to indicate required codes from OKVED 2 section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming.

What documents are needed to open

Realization of a business will require registration of a peasant farm. The list of documents is not much different from the registration of an individual entrepreneur, and therefore will require personal data and a receipt for payment of state taxes from participants. duties. In addition, you will need to issue quality certificates for the products provided, and all animals must undergo a veterinary examination. In the case of leasing land from the state, a special document will be required to locate a family farm.

Do I need permission to open?

Participants in a family farm must be relatives, and the share of involved personnel must be no more than 5 people. To sell products to retail outlets you will need:

• Permits from Rospotrebnadzor.
• Permission from fire inspectors.

Growing technology

Creating a family farm opens up many opportunities for starting a business. For example, you can raise cattle and sell milk at the same time. Breeding farm birds sells meat and eggs a lot. When assigning responsibilities to each member of the family farm, pay attention to their preferences. Let everyone do what they love - this will increase the overall profitability of the business. It is better to invest the money earned in the first seasons as much as possible back into the business. You should also think about breeding exotic birds, the sale of which to private property will bring considerable profit.

Nowadays, farming has begun to develop at a rapid pace. In any locality you can find a person who engages in this type of entrepreneurial activity. is considered quite profitable, but at the same time a very risky business, requiring large financial costs. Therefore, before opening a farm from scratch, you need to familiarize yourself with all the intricacies of this matter.
To become a farmer, you need to have a decent starting capital, as well as know all the basic principles of farming and marketing of finished products.

Registration

Before officially registering your business, you need to decide on the type of activity.

Farms can engage in:

• Production of dairy products;
• Plant growing;
• Beekeeping.

Each industry is considered profitable in its own way, so which farm to open you must decide for yourself. After you choose the type of farm, you should decide on its scale. Without this, it is impossible to draw up a competent farm business plan. Finished products can be supplied to retail chains, but for this you need to collect all the necessary documents:

• Land lease agreement;
• Permission from Rospotrebnadzor;
• Fire inspection permit.

In addition, you must register an individual entrepreneur, as well as issue quality certificates for the goods. All meat products must undergo veterinary examination.

Equipment and premises

For arrangement livestock farm The most expensive item is the purchase of equipment. To open a large farm, you will have to spend 2-3 million rubles. It may take several months to purchase equipment and install it.

One more no less important point- This is the layout of the room. A farm may require different areas. It depends on what you want to do. For poultry farming, you need to purchase poultry cages, and for livestock farming, livestock stalls. You also need to install equipment for manure removal and feeders.

The room should be warm and cozy. Make sure that in winter the temperature does not drop below 17 degrees. Don't forget to maintain normal humidity. If there are drafts in the room, this can negatively affect the productivity of animals. This is especially true for chickens and their egg production. Remember to regularly ventilate the room to provide fresh air.

Benefits of farming business

Entrepreneurs who are interested in how to open a farm should know that this type of business in our country is gaining more and more popularity every year.

The following factors contribute to this:

1. State programs aimed at supporting national producers and new farms. Under such programs, beginning farmers can receive grants, subsidies, tax benefits, as well as start-up capital or land for farming;
2. Farm profits are constantly increasing due to rising food prices;
3. Farm products are always in great demand, so there are no problems with sales;
4. National producers do not experience restrictions on access to the market;
5. Wide range of business activities.

Farming is a promising and fairly profitable activity. If you correctly develop a business plan for a mini farm and invest a certain amount in it cash, you can get a significant profit that will fully justify the time and money spent.

Family farm

Starting a small family farm doesn't require a lot of resources. Choose a direction of activity taking into account the personal interests of all family members. If everyone does what they love, your farm will prosper.

What animals to raise?

For family business small is perfect country house with a plot of land or a dacha. Before you open a family farm, decide what you would like to do. For example, you can raise broiler chickens, which after 2-3 months are slaughtered for meat or, whose meat and eggs are incredibly healthy. will provide you with homemade eggs, which are always in great demand.

You can also raise piglets on the family farm. To start, take 2-3 pieces. Such animals grow quickly, so after a few months they can be slaughtered and sold for meat.

Also, if you wish, you can start keeping exotic birds, for example, or.

The money you receive from selling products should be invested back into the business. When the farm begins to expand, you can register your personal subsidiary plot or individual entrepreneur with the relevant authorities. To properly manage your farm, do not forget to draw up a business plan for your family farm. If you approach the matter competently and collect all the necessary documents, you can receive assistance from the state for the development of a peasant farm.

Additional activities

Entrepreneurs who, a few years ago, firmly decided that I wanted to open a farm and realized their business idea, have already managed to take their place in the market. But they don’t stop there and constantly find new sources of additional income:

• A farm that grows fruits and vegetables can open a plant for freezing them;
• A livestock farm can produce sausages, stewed meat and other meat delicacies;
• Farmers who produce grain crops open enterprises for the production of cereals or flour, as well as their own bakeries.

Farm business in the USA and Russia

Investments and profitability

As mentioned above, farming requires large financial investments. You will have to spend 2-3 million rubles on equipment alone. Therefore, before opening your own farm, you need to collect decent start-up capital.

In addition to purchasing equipment, money will be needed:

• For the purchase or lease of a land plot – 0.7-1 million rubles;
• Purchase of livestock – 4-5 million rubles;
• Farm maintenance – 500 thousand rubles (monthly);
• Purchase of feed – 50 thousand rubles (monthly);
• Veterinarian’s salary – 25-30 thousand rubles;
• The salary of each employee is 15 thousand rubles.

The profitability of an enterprise largely depends on the volume of product sales, as well as on the chosen strategy and operating conditions. The average annual income is approximately 0.2-2 million rubles.

Farmers mainly sell their products through large retail chains or at the local market. The initial investment can be returned in literally 2-3 years. But for this you need to constantly develop and expand the economy. If you know what it takes to open a farm and constantly improve working conditions, after a while this business will bring you significant profits.