Presentation on the work Fathers and Sons. I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” presentation for a literature lesson (grade 10) on the topic. "Retired people" and "heirs"

30.10.2019

Purpose: Purpose: Observation of the text of the novel, Observation of the text of the novel, to find out the reason for mutual rejection of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov, find out the reason for the mutual rejection of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov, determine the author’s attitude towards his heroes, determine the author’s attitude towards his heroes, note the means of creating images used by I.S. Turgenev; note the means of creating images used by I.S. Turgenev; work on the development of monologue speech, the ability to analyze work on the development of monologue speech, the ability to analyze

The history of the creation of the novel. The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “the peasant democracy of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky” and their intentions to “call Rus' to the axe.” The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an attempt to comprehend the character and direction of the activities of the “new people,” a type of which was just beginning to emerge in Russian society. It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “the peasant democracy of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky” and their intentions to “call Rus' to the axe.” The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an attempt to comprehend the character and direction of the activities of the “new people,” a type of which was just beginning to emerge in Russian society.

I.S. Turgenev about the novel “...At the basis of the main figure, Bazarov, lay one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me. (He died shortly before 1860.) In this wonderful person incarnated - before my eyes - that barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear; At first, I myself could not give myself a good account of it - and I listened intensely and looked closely at everything that surrounded me, as if wanting to check the veracity of my own feelings. I was confused by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even see a hint of what I saw everywhere; Involuntarily, a doubt arose: am I chasing a ghost?” “...At the base of the main figure, Bazarov, lay one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me. (He died shortly before 1860.) This remarkable man embodied - to my eyes - that barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear; At first, I myself could not give myself a good account of it - and I listened intensely and looked closely at everything that surrounded me, as if wanting to check the veracity of my own feelings. I was confused by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even see a hint of what I saw everywhere; Involuntarily, a doubt arose: am I chasing a ghost?”

Work on the novel continued in Paris in September 1860. Work on the novel continued in Paris in September 1860. During the winter, the first chapters were written. Letters from this time constantly contain requests to report news public life Russia, seething on the eve of the greatest event in its history - the abolition of serfdom. To get the opportunity to directly become acquainted with the problems of modern Russian reality, I. S. Turgenev comes to Russia. The writer finished the novel, begun before the reform of 1861, after it in his beloved Spassky. The first chapters were written during the winter. In letters from this time there are constantly requests to report on the news of the social life of Russia, seething on the eve of the greatest event in its history - the abolition of serfdom. To get the opportunity to directly become acquainted with the problems of modern Russian reality, I. S. Turgenev comes to Russia. The writer finished the novel, begun before the reform of 1861, after it in his beloved Spassky. In the fall, upon returning to Paris, I. S. Turgenev reads his novel to V. P. Botkin and K. K. Sluchevsky, whose opinion he valued very much. Agreeing and arguing with their judgments, the writer, in his own words, “plows” the text, makes numerous changes and amendments to it. “I corrected and added some things, and in March 1862 “Fathers and Sons” appeared in the “Russian Bulletin” (I. S. Turgenev. “About “Fathers and Sons”). In the fall, upon returning to Paris, I. S. Turgenev reads his novel to V. P. Botkin and K. K. Sluchevsky, whose opinion he valued very much. Agreeing and arguing with their judgments, the writer, in his own words, “plows” the text, makes numerous changes and amendments to it. “I corrected and added some things, and in March 1862 “Fathers and Sons” appeared in the “Russian Bulletin” (I. S. Turgenev. “About “Fathers and Sons”). So, a year and a half after the idea was conceived, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was published on the pages of the February issue of the magazine “Russian Messenger”. I. S. Turgenev dedicated it to V. G. Belinsky. So, a year and a half after the idea was conceived, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was published on the pages of the February issue of the magazine “Russian Messenger”. I. S. Turgenev dedicated it to V. G. Belinsky.

Changes in the socio-political system (constitutional monarchy); softening or abolition of serfdom; allocation of small plots of land to peasants; Russian national identity; Zemsky Sobors - the voice of the people; The only true and moral religion is Orthodoxy. In their opinion, the Russian people have a special spirit of collectivism. By this they explained the special path of Russia. Fought against the worship of the West

They advocated the development of Russia in line with European civilization; advocated the development of Russia in line with European civilization; explained the difference from the West by the historical backwardness of Russia; explained the difference from the West by the historical backwardness of Russia; denied special role peasant community; denied the special role of the peasant community; advocated for widespread education of the people. advocated for widespread education of the people. They looked up to the West in everything, extolled Peter I as the great transformer of Russia. Westerners

They considered the peasantry as the main revolutionary force in the country; combined the idea of a peasant revolution with the ideas utopian socialism; believed that Russia, after the abolition of serfdom through the peasant revolution, bypassing capitalism, would come through peasant community to socialism; advocated for the development of social sciences, literature, and art. N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov, A.I. Herzen, N.P. Ogarev Magazines “Sovremennik”, “Bell”

So, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed by the author in July 1861, published in 1862. These dates are certainly important. It is no coincidence that I.S. Turgenev at the very beginning of the novel gives a whole series numbers and dates. What can they tell the attentive reader? So, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed by the author in July 1861, published in 1862. These dates are certainly important. It is no coincidence that I.S. At the very beginning of the novel, Turgenev gives a whole series of numbers and dates. What can they tell the attentive reader? Russia II half of the 19th century century lived on the eve of a huge social event - the abolition of serfdom, which for the country was supposed to become a turning point in all spheres of public life, including the breaking of the worldview of the advanced social strata. What does the expression “time split” mean? II half of the 19th century. “Time has split,” separating the liberal nobles and the “new” people of Russia—the commoners—democrats, “fathers” and “sons” on opposite sides of the historical barrier. II half of the 19th century. “Time has split,” separating the liberal nobles and the “new” people of Russia—the commoners—democrats, “fathers” and “sons” on opposite sides of the historical barrier.

Working with the text of a novel. Reading. Observation. Analysis - How is the confrontation between “fathers” and “children” depicted in the first chapters of the novel? - How is the confrontation between “fathers” and “children” depicted in the first chapters of the novel? This confrontation is revealed even more clearly in Chapter IV, when Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, the elder brother of Arkady’s father, appears on the stage. This confrontation is revealed even more clearly in Chapter IV, when Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, the elder brother of Arkady’s father, appears on the stage. Find this scene. We read by role. Find this scene. We read by role. What details caught your attention? What details caught your attention? What technique does the author use? What is its essence? What technique does the author use? What is its essence? Another character in the novel is the author. Based on the description of the heroes, based on the first impression, can you guess whose side he is on? Another character in the novel is the author. Based on the description of the heroes, based on the first impression, can you guess whose side he is on?

Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady, emphasizes his simple origins, and abruptly interrupts Nikolai Petrovich when he quotes lines from Eugene Onegin. We see Arkady's secret superiority over his father. Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady, emphasizes his simple origins, and abruptly interrupts Nikolai Petrovich when he quotes lines from Eugene Onegin. We see Arkady's secret superiority over his father. Nikolai Petrovich does not understand his son, notices dramatic changes in him, cannot “establish” a conversation, is embarrassed, timid, and silent. Nikolai Petrovich does not understand his son, notices dramatic changes in him, cannot “establish” a conversation, is embarrassed, timid, and silent. The author of the novel “above the fray”, he is equally ironic both in the description of Bazarov and in the description of P.P. Kirsanov, but there will definitely be a fight, and the first serious indication of it is in Chapter. 5 The author of the novel “above the fray”, he is equally ironic both in the description of Bazarov and in the description of P.P. Kirsanov, but there will definitely be a fight, and the first serious indication of it is in Chapter. 5

Analysis of Chapter 5 Again two central figures - Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. Find their description, pay attention to the word “nihilist” that sounded like a bolt from the blue and puzzled the senior Kirsanovs. Again two central figures - Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. Find their description, pay attention to the word “nihilist” that sounded like a bolt from the blue and puzzled the senior Kirsanovs. - Have you noticed how Pavel Petrovich’s first question about Bazarov sounds? ("What's happened?"). - Why is Nikolai Petrovich surprised, why did Pavel Petrovich’s hand freeze in the air? - Why is Nikolai Petrovich surprised, why did Pavel Petrovich’s hand freeze in the air? - Compare the interpretations of the word “nihilist” given by Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, what is the difference? - Compare the interpretations of the word “nihilist” given by Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, what is the difference? - A master of detail, Turgenev is true to himself here too, but now this is a different detail. Did you notice her? What is emphasized by this detail? - A master of detail, Turgenev is true to himself here too, but now this is a different detail. Did you notice her? What is emphasized by this detail? - In what phrases does Pavel Petrovich’s attitude towards nihilists sound? What does he conclude? Do you understand it? - In what phrases does Pavel Petrovich’s attitude towards nihilists sound? What does he conclude? Do you understand it?

Evgeniy Bazarov Long robe with tassels, “clothes”; Long robe with tassels, “clothes”; naked red hand; naked red hand; introduces himself as a man of the people: “Evgeniy Vasiliev” introduces himself as a man of the people: “Evgeniy Vasiliev” N.P. Kirsanov “didn’t immediately... give his hand”; N.P. Kirsanov “didn’t immediately... give his hand”;

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov Beautiful hand with long pink nails; Beautiful hand with long pink nails; the snowy whiteness of a sleeve fastened with a single large opal; the snowy whiteness of a sleeve fastened with a single large opal; Bazarov “didn’t shake his hand and even put it back in his pocket” Bazarov “didn’t shake his hand and even put it back in his pocket”

Lesson summary. It was important for us to see the confrontation between old and new, fathers and sons, and also to determine the author’s attitude towards the heroes. Was it a success? Was it a success? Later we will see that Turgenev is ready to understand Pavel Petrovich, it is no coincidence that he cites the story of his life, the old Kirsanovs are closer in spirit to him than Bazarov, with whom the author will nevertheless sincerely sympathize when the “simple” formulas of Yevgeny Bazarov’s life begin to break down “ complicated” relationship with Odintsova. And this will once again prove that the author is trying to be “above the fray”, that the artist’s task is to show the truth of life and he will not impose his assessment on the reader.

Homework re-read chapters VI-X, re-read chapters VI-X, compose comparison table: views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, in which include quotes characterizing the heroes’ attitude to art, love, the Russian people, nature, aristocracy and liberalism and other things that the heroes will argue about. (If you wish, you can make a spreadsheet) create a comparative table: the views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, in which you can add quotes characterizing the heroes’ attitude to art, love, the Russian people, nature, aristocracy and liberalism and other things that the heroes will argue about. (Those who wish can make a spreadsheet) individually: the story of Pavel Petrovich and the story of Bazarov (their lives before meeting in Maryino); individually: the story of Pavel Petrovich and the story of Bazarov (their life before meeting in Maryino); Feelings of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. (spreadsheet) Feelings of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. (spreadsheet)

Novel "Fathers and Sons"

Written in 1862.

There are 3 stages of writing:

1860-1861 - creation of the main text

1862 “plowing up the novel”, introducing numerous amendments

History on the pages of a novel.

Alexander II is in power.
The flourishing of education and culture.
The serf system hinders the development of the country.
The capitalist system is developing in Russia
To the arena political struggle commoners come out.

Direct

Portable
Opposing-

Change of generations, fathers transform their experience, children accept the inheritance and rethink it

the union of two forces, social conflict liberal nobles and commoners

The composition of the novel is circular

Nikolskoye

village

Bazarovs

N.P.Kirsanov
P.P.Kirsanov
Bazarov's parents

Odintsova

"CHILDREN"

E.V.Bazarov
Essentially “fathers”, but imitating “children”:
Arkady
Sitnikov
Kukshina

Ideological disputes between “fathers” and “sons”. On the attitude towards the nobility, aristocracy and its principles

Pavel Petrovich
Aristocracy is the main social force
The aristocracy gave freedom to England
A. has a highly developed self-esteem and sense of self

Bazarov
Aristocrats are of no use to anyone; they sit with folded hands
Arguments of P.P. about the freedom of England are very doubtful.
Aristocrats care only about themselves, live at the expense of others

dignity

About attitude towards the people

Pavel Petrovich
The Russian people are patriarchal and cannot live without religion.

He is touched by the backwardness of the people.
Uses a lot of foreign words.

*Darkness and ignorance

the cruelty of the people evokes in him

* He is proud that he is one of the people.

*Bazarov’s language is simple, he uses many proverbs.

About views on art, love, nature.

Pavel Petrovich
Recognizes old art
Has a negative attitude towards new artists.
He himself is a victim of fatal love.

Bazarov
Denies love and art.
Doesn't know Pushkin
But he denies it.
He does not deny nature, but sees it as a consequence of human activity.

Principles of activity of nihilists

Nihilists act from the principle of usefulness to society.
Deny social order, religion.
They don’t believe in reforms (including the reform of 1861)
They do not consider it necessary to build on what has been destroyed.
They do not have a program for further action.

Accordingly

are there any views?

Bazarova nigi-

static air

rhenia or

Turgenev's mistake -

Xia, counting

Bazarov to nigi-lists?

1. Nihilism-denial

generally accepted values:

ideals, moral standards,

forms of public

life. (B.E. Dictionary)

2. Nihilism - "ugly"

and immoral teaching,

rejecting everything

cannot be touched.” (V.I. Dal)

3. Nihilism is naked denial

of all, logically not justified-

ny skepticism. (Explanatory

Russian language dictionary)

Nihilism is a rigid belief

And unyielding, based on

denial of everything that preceded

Experience of human thought, on

destruction of traditions and state

military institutions. Philosophy

nihilism cannot be positive

tive, because it rejects everything,

without offering anything in return...

This happens all the time

at turning points. As a rule,

This is typical of youth and quickly

passes. (Britannica)

Nihilism is a belief that is rigid and unyielding, based on the denial of all previous Experience of human thought, on the destruction of traditions and state institutions. The philosophy of nihilism cannot be positive, since it rejects everything without offering anything in return... This happens at all times, at turning points. As a rule, this is typical for young people and passes quickly. (Britannica)

Do Bazarov's views correspond to the principles of nihilism?

Scientific and philosophical views:

1. “There are sciences, just as there are crafts, knowledge, but science does not exist at all... Studying individual personalities is not worth the effort. All people are similar to each other, both in body and soul; each of us has a brain, spleens, lungs are built the same way;

and the so-called moral qualities are the same in everyone; small species

Negation means nothing. One thing is enough -

th copy to judge everyone.

2.“...we are now above medicine in general

We laugh and don’t bow down to anyone.”

3.”…I stick to the negative

directions due to sensation. I have

It’s easy to deny - my brain works that way - and

That's it! Why do I like chemistry?

Why do you love apples? - also due to

Feelings. It's all one. Deeper than this

People will never get in.

“The only good thing about a Russian person is

that he has a very bad opinion of himself.”

“Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, just think,

so many foreign and useless words! Russian people don’t need them for nothing.

“We saw that our wise men, the so-called advanced people and the accusers, it’s no good that we are busy with nonsense and trifles, talking about some kind of art, creativity, about parliamentarism, about the legal profession and God knows what, when it comes to our daily bread, when the grossest superstition is strangling us...

Bazarov's aesthetic views

“A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.”
“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and

the person in it is a worker.”

"Raphael is not worth a penny."
“I only look at the sky when I want to sneeze.”
“I find that speaking beautifully is indecent.

“The other day, I see he’s reading Pushkin...

Please explain to him that this is no good... Give him something useful to read.”

Topic: The history of the creation of I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” ( 1862) . Composition of the novel.

Shcherbakova Liliya Vladimirovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature.

Epigraph

"Fathers and Sons"

Perhaps the noisiest

and a scandalous book

in Russian literature.

P. Weil, A. Genis.

PROBLEM QUESTION:

Is it really a novel?

“Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev

is a scandalous work

The appearance of the novel “Fathers and Sons” occurred at a turning point for Russia. The role and place of Turgenev’s novel can only be compared with the comedy “Woe from Wit”

A.S. Griboedova.

The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. “...It was in the month of August 1860, when the first thought of “Fathers and Sons” came to my mind...” It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an attempt to comprehend the character and direction of the activities of the “new people,” a type of which was just beginning to emerge in Russian society. “...At the base of the main figure, Bazarov, lay one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me. (He died shortly before 1860.) This remarkable man embodied - to my eyes - that barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear; At first, I myself could not give myself a good account of it - and I listened intensely and looked closely at everything that surrounded me, as if wanting to check the veracity of my own feelings,” wrote I. S. Turgenev in an article about “Fathers and children."

“Well, he got it for Bazarov...” F.M. Dostoevsky

The novel was published in 1862 in the Russian Messenger magazine. I. S. Turgenev dedicated it to V. G. Belinsky.
He caused such a storm that no other book has ever caused

"Air of the era"

Time of writing

novel - 1861

Action time –

1855-1861 – time,

difficult for Russia;

Board

Alexandra II

Pursuit

to the formation of various

layers of the population

Are changing

centuries-old foundations

Russia

Writer - visionary

Turgenev, with his characteristic social acuity, grasped and developed the main conflict of the crisis, revolutionary era - the uncompromising struggle of democratic revolutionaries with liberals

Rasnochintsy Democrats

RAZNOCHINETS- V pre-revolutionary Russia: a person from unprivileged classes, from petty bureaucracy, engaged in mental work, usually a bearer of democratic ideology. Common writers.

What are they?

“Everyone... had to devote all their abilities to natural science. Everyone was mesmerized by the great significance of this science. “(from the memoirs of a contemporary)
It is not surprising that Turgenev made his hero a physician and forced him to work on serious experiments to study various patterns of the structure of organisms.

Let's get acquainted with the word

Who is called a nihilist?

NIHILIST – 1) A supporter of the democratic movement, denying the foundations and traditions of noble society, serfdom. 2) A person who has a sharply negative, skeptical attitude towards everything

In a letter to K.K. Sluchevsky from Paris dated April 14, 1862, Turgenev names the true “deniers,” the leaders of the democratic movement.

In their teachings, commoner democrats drew material for their theories, for building political and aesthetic programs

"Deniers, or Nihilists"

Dobrolyubov N.A. (1836-61), Russian critic, publicist, revolutionary democrat. Since 1857, a permanent contributor to the Sovremennik magazine.

"Deniers, or Nihilists"

Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich(1828-89), writer, literary critic. One of the leaders of the Sovremennik magazine. Ideological inspirer revolutionary movement 1860s

"Deniers" or nihilists

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich(1811-48), Russian literary critic. Collaborated in the magazines “Telescope”, “Otechestvennye zapiski” and “Sovremennik”

Turgenev knew them personally

The political and philosophical views of Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov served as materials and sources for creating the ideological image of the main character of the novel

Great writer

“Turgenev himself will never be Bazarov, but he thought about it and understood it in a way that none of our realists will understand,” – wrote Pisarev

“The connection of times has broken down...”

Time “split,” separating liberal nobles and democratic commoners, fathers and sons on opposite sides of the historical barrier...

"Retired people" and "heirs"

It was belonging to time that was the source of the conflict between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov
In the novel, people of the 40s and 60s found themselves face to face. XIX century

Who's right?

How great artist, overcoming his likes and dislikes both in the depiction of fathers and in the depiction of children, he tried to paint a true picture of the life of Russian society in the 60s XIX century.

Conclusion:

Turgenev's novel reflects the ideological struggle between the main social forces in Russia in the 50s – 60s years XlX centuries.

The composition of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is monocentric: the main character is in the center, and all the “formal” elements of the work are aimed at revealing his character.

During his “wanderings,” Bazarov visits the same places twice: Maryino, Nikolskoye, Bazarova. Thus, we first get acquainted with the hero, and then we witness how, under the influence of circumstances (a duel with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, a quarrel with Arkady, love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, etc.) his views and beliefs change.

The novel consists of 2 parts

(28 chapters)

Ring composition

Maryino

(Kirsanov estate)

Nikolskoye

(Odintsova’s estate)

Bazarov's parents

(small house

small landed gentry)

The meaning of the novel's title "I tried to imagine conflict of two generations" (I.S. Turgenev)

Fathers children

Social

(conflict of aristocrats

commoners)

Psychological

conflict (conflict

generations)

FATHERS

CHILDREN

RELATIONSHIPS

FATHERS AND CHILDREN

Young people

Elderly people

Different generations.

Those who don't understand

each other

Hostility

Indifference

Opposing.

Parents

Frivolous

Hatred

Always arguing.

Wise with experience

Reckless

Needy

Respect

Engines of progress.

Conservatives

Progressive

Symbol of life.

People are outdated

views

Addiction

People of new views

Active

Bazarov Vasily Ivanovich

Very funny, good, old man, dad, nothing, was in the sieve and in the sieve, poor fellow, old man, kind, eccentric, talks a lot, has no prejudices, etc.

I don't remember any literary work made so much noise and aroused so many conversations, like Turgenev’s story “Fathers and Sons.” It can be said positively that “Fathers and Sons” was read even by people who had not picked up books since school.

A. Panaeva

Bazarov faces...

Old people

Bazarovs

Arkady

Fenechka

Bazarov

Odintsova

Kirsanovs

people

False -

nihilists

Turgenev's skill in creating images of a novel

Portrait characteristics

Pavel Petrovich

The face is “long and thin, with wide forehead, with a flat top, pointed nose down, with large greenish eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns... enlivened by a calm smile and expressing self-confidence and intelligence... His dark-blond hair, long and thick, did not hide the large bulges of his spacious skull.”

"His short-haired gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if carved with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and aspiration upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after twenty years.”

Homework

Using the table, describe the images

Portrait details

Area of interest

I am a hero concept

Hero's story

Hero's Fate

Characteristics given by other heroes.

re-read chapters VI - X,
draw up a comparative table: the views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, into which include quotes characterizing the heroes’ attitude to art, love, the Russian people, nature, aristocracy and liberalism and other things that the heroes will argue about.
individually: Characteristics of images:
-Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov;
- Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov;
- Arkady Kirsanov;
- Anna Sergeevna Odintsova;
- Katya is the younger sister of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova;
-Fenechka.

Open lesson.

I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Purpose: To remind students of the writer’s position in the literary and social struggle during the period of work on the novel; to emphasize the peculiarities of Turgenev’s talent to “catch” modernity, to respond to everything new that was just emerging in Russian life; talk about the history of writing the novel, find out the meaning of the title, exchange initial impressions of the work you read; using the material of the novel “Fathers and Sons” to characterize the era of the 60s of the 19th century. Trace how the era is reflected in the novel; reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the novel; develop skills in working with text.

The lesson is accompanied by a presentation + Individual messages.

1. The history of the novel

2. Prototypes.

3. C poem by Dmitry Minaev

I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Equipment: presentation.

Progress of the lesson.

1. Organizational moment. Greetings. Subject message.

Presentation to open lesson based on Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"

(I.S. Turgenev - portrait)

Slide 2 - Purpose of the lesson

2. Introductory speech by the teacher.

Slide 3. - (Roman I.S. Turgenev
"Fathers and Sons")

“The novel arose in an era when all civil, social, family and human relationships in general became infinitely complex and dramatic; life has spread in depth and breadth in an infinite variety of elements,” Belinsky wrote.

I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" was published in 1862. It immediately attracted the attention of wide public circles in Russia and since then continues to arouse the undoubted interest of readers due to the severity of the questions posed in it, as well as its artistic merits

Turgenev, a great artist, managed in this work to raise deep political, philosophical problems. to capture real life conflicts, to reveal the essence of the ideological struggle between the main social forces in Russia in the late 50s - early 60s of the 19th century.

A.V. Lunacharsky, in the article “Literature of the 60s,” wrote about the novel “Fathers and Sons” as “one of the central phenomena in all Russian life” of that time.

“Not in any of Turgenev’s previous novels is there an open, direct clash of opposing points of view on all the most basic, pressing issues of social life, philosophy, science, politics, social worldview in the very in a broad sense words did not play such an important, defining role as in “Fathers and Sons” (History of the Russian Novel: In 2 volumes - M.; Leningrad, 1962.)

At that time, the most pressing issue was the abolition of serfdom. During the reform of 1861, the opposing positions of the liberal nobles and the revolutionary democrats of commoners clearly emerged. The revolutionary democrats Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov considered the upcoming reform to be feudal in nature. Resorting to Aesopian language, they wrote about the revolutionary situation in Russia and called on the Russian people to “decisive action.” Liberals, on the contrary, placed the blame on reform high hopes, considering it an effective and almost the only means of resolving the peasant question. Turgenev looked at reform in a similar way.

According to his convictions, he was a supporter of the gradual transformation of Russia. An opponent of any social explosions, he did not believe in the prospects of the ideas of revolutionary democracy. But everyday life observations convinced him that the Democrats are a great force that has demonstrated itself in many areas social activities. And as an artist who responded to all the major events of his contemporary era, Turgenev felt the need to create the image of a new hero, capable of replacing the passivity of noble intellectuals like Rudin and Lavretsky, whose time had passed. The writer placed such a new hero - a man of democratic convictions, a materialist and natural scientist - at the center of the novel "Fathers and Sons" and sought to depict his essential features with the utmost objectivity.

Slide 4 and 5, 6

The teacher reads information from slide 7

“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to destruction because it still stands on the threshold of the future - I dreamed of some strange pendant Pugachev."

and from slide 8 Novel “Fathers and Sons”

Having gone at the end of July 1860 to the town of Ventnor on the English Isle of Wight for sea swimming, Turgenev was already thinking about the plan for a new novel. It was here on the Isle of Wight that the Formulary List was compiled characters new story", where under the heading "Evgeny Bazarov" Turgenev sketched a preliminary portrait of the main character:

and from slide 9

Evgeny Bazarov

"Nihilist. Self-confident, speaks abruptly and little, hard-working (a mixture of Dobrolyubov, Pavlov and Preobrazhensky.) Lives small; He doesn’t want to be a doctor, he’s waiting for an opportunity. He knows how to talk to people, although in his heart he despises them. He does not have and does not recognize an artistic element... He knows quite a lot - he is energetic, and can be liked by his freedom. In essence, the most barren subject is the antipode of Rudin - for without any enthusiasm and faith... An independent soul and a proud man of the first hand."

III. Checking homework. Individual messages.

1. The history of the creation of the novel - Sergeyuk Liza

2. Prototypes. - Bekeshova A, Kalkatin L, Yesenova G. - Show slides from 10 to 19.

“And if he is called a nihilist, then it should be read: revolutionary,” Turgenev wrote about his hero. The novel was written at a time when the struggle between different views and movements intensified in Russia. Turgenev, showing the confrontation between liberals and revolutionary democrats, could not take either side. In the novel they do not have a clear author's relationship. But Bazarov received more attention. This is something new that tries itself.

V. Novel "Fathers and Sons". The meaning of the name. Slide 21

Teacher: You got acquainted with the first chapters of the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Why do you think the novel has this name? (discussion)

Teacher: Slide 22

The novel by I.S. Turgenev reflected the real events that took place in Russian society in the late 50s and early 60s of the 19th century: the ideological struggle of liberal nobles and revolutionary commoner democrats on the eve of the peasant reform.
At the same time, as the critic N.N. Strakhov rightly writes, I.S. Turgenev in his novel “had the proud goal of indicating the eternal in the temporal.” The conflict between “fathers” and “children” here has not only a historical, but also a universal basis: we are talking about the problems of relationships between children and parents in the family.

Slide 23 - poem by Dmitry Minaev

Fathers and sons? (Parallel)

For many years without fatigue

Two generations are waging war,

Bloody war;

And these days in any newspaper

"Fathers" and "Children" enter the battle,

These and those smash each other,

As before, in the old days.

We carried out as best we could

Two generations parallel

Through the darkness and through the fog.

But the steam of fog scattered:

Only from Turgenev Ivan

Waiting for a new novel -

Our dispute was resolved by the novel.

And we exclaimed in enthusiasm:

"Who can stand in an unequal dispute?"

Which of the two?

Who won? who has the best rules?

Who forced himself to respect:

Bazarov, Pavel Kirsanov,

Caressing our ears?

Take a closer look at his face:

What tenderness and fineness of the skin!

A hand as white as snow.

In speeches, in receptions - tact and measure,

The greatness of the London "sir" -

After all, without perfume, without a toiletry case

And life is hard for him.

And what kind of morality! Oh gods!

He is in front of Fenichka, in anxiety,

Like a high school student, he trembles;

Standing up for a man in a dispute,

Sometimes, in front of the whole office, he

Showing off with my brother in conversation,

"Du calme, du calme!" - he insists.

(*Calm, calm! (French) - Ed.)

Nurturing your body,

He does things without doing anything,

Captivating old ladies;

Sits in the bath, goes to bed,

Fears a new race,

Like a lion on the Brulevskaya terrace

Walking in the morning.

Here is a representative of the old press.

Will you compare Bazarov with him?

Hardly, gentlemen!

The hero is visible by signs,

And in this gloomy nihilist,

With his medicines, with his lancet,

There is no trace of heroism.

He only sees forms in beauty,

Ready to fall asleep at the sound of "Norma"

He denies and...

He eats and drinks like the rest of us,

He talks to Peter in the hallway,

And even with the maid, oh my God!

Ready to go play.

Like the most exemplary cynic,

He is madame de Odintsova

He pressed it to his chest,

And even - what audacity -

Hospitality rights without knowing

One day, hugging Fenya,

Kissed me in the garden.

Who is dearer to us: old man Kirsanov,

Lover of fez and hookahs,

Russian Togenburg?

Or he, a friend of the mob and the bazaars,

Reborn Insarov -

Bazarov cutting frogs,

A slob and a surgeon?

The answer is ready: it’s not for nothing that we

We have a weakness for Russian bars -

Bring them crowns!

And we, deciding everything in the world,

These issues have been resolved...

Who is dearer to us - fathers or children?

Fathers! fathers! fathers!

V. The era in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Slide 24

Teacher's word:

When we begin work on a work, we try to comprehend the era contemporary with the author or his creation.

^ How important do you think such historical and cultural commentary is?

In the second half of the 19th century, rapid changes took place in the structure of society, new layers appeared (the proletariat, commoners), the Russian public was divided into several opposing camps, waging a continuous struggle with each other, constantly changing both the composition and the program of action. The concepts of conservatives, liberals and radicals, Slavophiles and Westerners appear. The ideas of socialism and nihilism excite the best minds and cause heated debate.

Literature becomes a “tribune” for preaching social and political ideas authors. And among this “ferment of minds” the voice of I.S. Turgenev is heard especially clearly.

Revolutionary-democratic criticism considered Turgenev’s “lively attitude towards modernity” to be a very valuable quality. Dobrolyubov emphasized that the modernity and relevance of Turgenev’s novels is amazing. If he has already touched on a problem, then this is a sure sign that it will soon become important to everyone.

Pisarev in the article “Bazarov” noted: “Through the fabric of the story one can see the author’s personal, deeply felt attitude towards the identified phenomena of life. And these phenomena are very close to us, so close that all of our young generation, with their aspirations and ideas, can recognize themselves in the characters in this novel.”

The ability to capture the movement of life, to show something new and developing. This quality of Turgenev the artist also appears in the novel “Fathers and Sons,” written in 1861.

^ How is the novel connected with the era?

Before answering the question of our lesson today, let's once again turn to those political and social problems that took place in modern writer society?

What else do you know about this era?

– The time period of the novel is 1855-1861. - a difficult period for Russia. In 1855, the war that Russia lost with Turkey ended; this defeat was shameful for our country. Happened and most important event in domestic politics: change of reign.

Nicholas I died, his death ended the era of repression, the era of suppression of public liberal thought.

During the reign of Alexander II, the education of various segments of the population flourished in Russia. The commoners become a real social force, while the aristocracy loses its leading role. Of course, the education that commoners received was fundamentally different from that of the nobility. Aristocratic youth studied “for themselves,” that is, it was education in the name of education itself.

The commoners had neither the money nor the time for such a luxury as broadening their horizons. They needed to get a profession that would feed them and bring real benefit to people.

This attitude determined the range of specialties that were predominantly chosen by commoners. These were mainly natural sciences, spiritual world they outright denied it.

At this time, capitalist relations also began to develop in Russia; their development was hampered by the rotten serfdom. The question of the peasant revolution was on the agenda. On this issue, a split occurred between the liberals, who stood for the reformist path, and the revolutionary democrats, who considered it ineffective.

– At the beginning of March 1861 it was made public royal manifesto of February 19 on the liberation of the peasants. Centuries of slavery were ended. The peasants finally received their long-awaited freedom. However, as the democratic revolutionaries expected, the reform was not carried out in the interests of the people. The land still remained in the hands of the landowners, and for those small plots that the peasants received, they were obliged to either pay quitrents or work off corvée. A wave of peasant unrest and riots swept across the country, which were suppressed by the government with incredible cruelty.

A revolutionary situation has developed in Russia. Revolutionary democrats began to prepare an uprising: a secret society “Land and Freedom” arose, the ideological inspirer of which was Chernyshevsky, proclamations were distributed calling for a decisive battle with the autocracy.

At first, Turgenev enthusiastically welcomed the liberation of the peasants. But by the end of 1861 his enthusiasm had cooled noticeably; he could not help but see that the reform had not solved the peasant question. True, he still hoped that “things would go well,” but more and more often notes of disappointment began to sound in his letters from this period. "We live in a dark and hard time“,” he wrote in December 1861 to his friend N.P. Borisov, “we still won’t get out of it.”

Thus, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was written during the years of the revolutionary situation, when the serfdom system was bursting at the seams.

What main problems of the era have you identified for yourself?

Stratification of society into opposing factions.

The problem of serfdom.

The problem of changing priorities in education and the views of the new generation.

Today we will try to determine how these problems are reflected in the novel, i.e. How is I. S. Turgenev’s novel connected with the era? To do this, we will work on the material from chapters 1-4 of the novel. The work will take place in groups.

Group assignment:

Why does I.S. Turgenev give a clear dating of the events taking place?

What time of year coincides with the beginning of the novel?

How is this reflected in the theme in Chapter 1 of the novel?

Sample answer:

In the novel, Turgenev uses precise dating, wanting to evoke in the reader a specific idea of the historical situation. The action in "Fathers and Sons" begins on May 20, 1859 and ends in the winter of 1860.

These were the years when the crisis of the serfdom system was revealed, when the struggle between the camps of revolutionary democrats and liberals intensified.

In this era, it is formed new type a leading figure - a commoner democrat, a man of action, not phrases.

It is no coincidence, in our opinion, that the season is spring. Nature is waiting for renewal, change, revival, and this theme is continued in further development events - a father is waiting for his son.

Write down your conclusions.

Slide 25

The view of the writer himself, who was able to correctly sense the emerging new type of hero, but did not take his side:

“Did I want to scold Bazarov or praise him?

I don’t know this myself, because I don’t know whether I love him or hate him!”

“My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.”

"With the word I released „ “nihilist” was taken advantage of by many who were only waiting for an opportunity, a pretext to stop the movement that had taken hold of Russian society...”

VI. Ideological and artistic originality of the novel - Slide 26

The composition of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is multicentric: the main character is in the center, and all the “formal” elements of the work are aimed at revealing his character.
The conflict in the novel is two-dimensional: external and internal.
Much attention is given to speech characteristics.
Landscape in literature.

Working with the text of the novel "Fathers and Sons"

What means artistic expression help the writer create the image of a pre-reform village?

Sample answer:

Through the eyes of Bazarov’s friend Arkady Kirsanov, who returned from St. Petersburg to his father’s estate, we see a picture that makes our heart involuntarily clench: “The places they passed through could not be called picturesque...”

Let's see how the landscape is depicted in Chapter 2 of the novel.

We see “villages with low huts under dark, often half-swept roofs” (“villages”, “huts” - the very form of these words speaks of a meager, beggarly life). It can be assumed that hungry cattle have to be fed straw from the roofs. This comparison also says a lot: “like beggars in rags, the roadside willows stood with stripped bark and broken branches. Peasant cows, “emaciated, rough, as if gnawed, greedily nibbled the first grass. And here are the peasants themselves - “well-dressed on bad nags.” The peasants' economy is meager, miserable: "crooked threshing sheds", "empty threshing floors" ...

Turgenev will no longer depict the poverty of the people, but the picture of the pre-reform village presented in the exhibition makes such a strong impression that there is nothing to add to it.

Which external changes in the relations between masters and peasants speak of the internal contradictions of the era?

A few meager details convey the changes that occurred in relation to the peasants and their masters.

The servants do not meet the old and young master (remember the scenes of farewell to the leaving Pyotr Grinev, Alexander Oduev, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts - everywhere there is a crowd of servants and serfs)

The servant, for whom everything: the turquoise earring in his ear and the pomaded multi-colored hair, and the polite movements, in a word, everything exposed a man of the newest, improved generation, looked condescendingly along the road and answered: “No way, no way.”

The conversation about the timber brought by Nikolai Petrovich is important; he needed money, but the land, alas, still had to go to the peasants.

It is no coincidence that the mention that some clerk from the bourgeoisie has to pay 250 rubles a year; the valet Peter is also free. The former faithful servants (Savelichs, Zakharovs) are now few.

The peasants hope for the reform and expect a lot from it. In the meantime, even on the estate of the good Nikolai Petrovich, the lord’s crops are being poisoned by horses, and the barnyard is “inadvertently” set on fire.

And the central question of the era immediately arises: “No... this poor region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it’s impossible, he can’t stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to start?...”

What is the significance of Arkady’s reflections on the life of the Russian village he saw (“No... this poor region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it is impossible, it is impossible for him to stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to begin ...") to develop the main conflict of the novel?

How are the characters of the main characters already outlined in the exhibition? What details allow you to see this?

What relationships develop along the way between the characters?

The attitude to this issue, to the fundamental problems of Russian life in the 60s determines the ideological differences between Bazarov and the rest of the characters in the novel. And the disagreement between them appears on the very first pages, in the exposition.

We have already said that the commoners were not satisfied with the reformist solution to the issue. They wanted revolutionary changes, they wanted to bring real benefits to people.

Subtly noticed details allow the writer to discover the most important and public views, and in the stuffy warehouse of his heroes.

Nikolai Petrovich is waiting for his son, ready to sit for 5 hours, loving, attentive, but despite Arkady’s letter, he forgot that he was coming with a friend (there is no room in the stroller for Bazarov), so the verbs in the episode “departure of the stroller” convey and social status heroes and their condition. Father and son “fit” in the stroller, but Bazarov “jumped” into the tarantass and “buried” his head….

Arkady is clearly under the influence of Bazarov. He is cheeky, familiar, condescending in conversation with his father, feels secret superiority and enjoys the “consciousness of his own development and freedom.”

Bazarov interrupts Nikolai Petrovich's reading of Pushkin. He destroys the father’s lyrical mood, and forces his son to remember how to behave according to new concepts. He is deaf to beauty and brings alienation into the relationship between father and son.

Nikolai Petrovich “had something stabbed in his heart”, a pang: how would the relationship with his son work out?

In the first chapters, the main conflict of the novel is already outlined, which will further develop.

VII. Lesson summary.

As you know, it is impossible to understand and evaluate the images of heroes without understanding and appreciating the situation in the country in which the characters’ views took shape and were shaped. And therefore Turgenev paints before the reader a wide panorama of contemporary Russia, conveying in detail the life, customs and descriptions of nature. In the exposition of the novel, the initial landscape depicting poverty, misery, predetermines the theme of the entire work, leads to the idea of the need to change the order that gave rise to such desolation.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” is a sharply polemical work. In it, the writer reflected not only the eternal problem of “fathers and sons” and the associated critical issues human existence, but also the collision of “the present century and the past century,” i.e. social conflict, the struggle not only of two generations, but also of representatives of two camps: liberals and revolutionary democrats.

Slide 27.

"...I, having read" Noble nest" and "Fathers and Sons", ceased to classify Turgenev as an ordinary mortal; he became a kind of hero for me”; my imagination pictured him in various types, but always surrounded by a halo, and I had to restrain myself if someone in my presence said that he did not like his works... Turgenev managed to occupy one of those hidden corners in my heart, where strangers rarely penetrate..."

Boyesen H. - American literary critic

VIII. Homework: Slide 28

1.Reading the novel “Fathers and Sons”
2. Prepare to analyze the images of the main characters: select material from the text of the novel.
3. Analysis of E. Bazarov’s behavior at a party. His relationship with Arkady and P.P. Kirsanov.
Lesson grades.

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Slide captions:

I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” History of creation, genre, plot, composition

About the novel Year of writing: 1860-1861. Publication - 1862, publishing house "Russian Herald". The novel is set in the summer of 1859 (on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861).

History of the creation of the novel The idea for the novel arose from I.S. Turgenev in 1860 in England during summer holiday on the Isle of Wight. Work on the novel continued in 1861 in Paris. Main character Turgenev was so captivated that for some time he kept a diary on his behalf.

Publication of the novel So, a year and a half after the idea was conceived, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was published on the pages of the February issue of the magazine “Russian Messenger”. I. S. Turgenev dedicated it to V. G. Belinsky.

Work on the novel In a letter to P.V. Annenkov, I.S. Turgenev announces the completion of the novel: “My work is finally finished. On July 20 I wrote blessed last word" In the fall, upon returning to Paris, I. S. Turgenev reads his novel to V. P. Botkin and K. K. Sluchevsky, whose opinion he valued very much. Agreeing and arguing with their judgments, the writer, in his own words, “plows” the text, makes numerous changes and amendments to it.

The genre of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is a socio-psychological novel in which the main place is given to social conflicts. The work is built on the opposition of the main character - commoner Bazarov - and the rest of the characters. In Bazarov's clashes with other characters, the main character traits of the hero and his views are revealed.

Features of the plot of the novel The plot of the novel is a continuous chain of clashes between Bazarov and other heroes of the novel. The plot of the novel does not have a plot, that is, there is no event in the novel that would be the cause of all Bazarov’s clashes. The main direction in the development of the plot is the deepening and expansion of social conflict.

The plot of the novel With each new clash, the circle of people with whom Bazarov argues increases: the mutual hostility of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, which was revealed at their very first meeting; Bazarov's dispute with Pavel Petrovich about principles; the clash between the democrat Bazarov and the aristocrat Odintsova; the clash between the democrat Bazarov and Kukshina and Sitnikov, strangers to him; Bazarov’s “clash” with his parents; a new clash with Pavel Petrovich (duel); a collision with Arkady and a complete break with him.

The composition of the novel The composition of the novel is circular. The composition of the novel is based on the principle of antithesis. The movement of the heroes in the novel is concentrated between five points: Khokhlovsky settlements - Maryino - town *** - Nikolskoye - the village of Bazarov’s parents..

The plot The immediate plot of the action takes place in Maryino, on the Kirsanov estate. And at the beginning the action seems to be moving in the same semicircle - first forward, then to the end in the opposite direction, then again to the end forward: Maryino (Kirsanov estate) - city *** - Nikolskoye (Odintsova’s estate) - house of Bazarov’s parents - Nikolskoye - city *** - Maryino - city *** - Nikolskoye - house of Bazarov’s parents.

Peculiarities of the development of the conflict A peculiarity of the development of the conflict of the novel: two opposite positions - Bazarov and Kirsanov - in the second part begin to converge and turn out to be comparable in the degree of their deviation from the natural norm of human life.

Conclusions The novel “Fathers and Sons” is a topical novel that largely explains the life of Russian society. Turgenev “caught and developed” in the novel the main conflict of the crisis era - the uncompromising struggle of liberals with revolutionary democrats. In the book, Turgenev reflects on the change of generations, on eternal struggle old and new, oh careful attitude To cultural heritage. These eternal problems found a capacious formulation in the title of the novel “Fathers and Sons” - this is a “universal coverage of reality” in its entirety: from the past through the present to the future.