One of greatest novels XX century - “The Master and Margarita”. There are several storylines in this work. The main one is the love story of the Master and Margarita. Does Bulgakov's heroine have a prototype? Why did the author give this name to the Master’s beloved?
Margarita prototypes
Regarding the history of the creation of the image main character researchers don't have consensus. However, Bulgakov’s novel is one of the most controversial works in the entire history of literature. The writer created his heroine based on literary sources. But in this image one can also see the features of real women.
In an early edition, Bulgakov called the hero Faust. Main female character in Goethe's work the name was Gretchen (Margarita). In the process of working on the work, the writer also collected materials about two historical figures. Namely about Margarita de Valois and Margaret of Navarre.
In the spring of 1930, Bulgakov met a wealthy married lady. The first meeting with her took place on 1st Meshchanskaya Street. This woman's name was Margarita Smirnova. Perhaps meeting her partly inspired the writer to create a tragic female image.
Elena Sergeevna
And yet the main prototype of the heroine famous novel is, perhaps, Bulgakov's third wife. It was thanks to the prose writer’s faithful companion that the work was published. The novel was not finished. Bulgakov lost his sight at the end of his life, and last chapters his wife took his dictation.
One day happened interesting case. Elena Sergeevna called the editorial office of Novy Mir and arranged a meeting with Tvardovsky. She appeared in the editor’s office a few minutes after the call. When asked what kind of transport she used, the woman calmly answered: “A broom.”
Elena Sergeevna had it and external resemblance with Margarita. She, like the heroine of the novel, was slightly squinted in one eye. Anna Akhmatova knew Bulgakov’s wife, and once dedicated a poem to her, which included the words “witch”, “on the eve of the new moon.”
“I will poison Latunsky!”
The version that the main prototype of Margarita is Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova is supported, of course, not only by external resemblance, but also by amazing devotion. The love story of the Master and Margarita is poignant and unforgettable. There really is something witch-like in the feelings that the heroine experiences for her lover. Suffice it to recall the story that happened in Latunsky’s apartment.
Of course, the author of the novel himself was attacked by critics. His wife once, having read an article about “Bulgakovism,” shouted out in her hearts: “I will poison Litovsky!” The prototype of Latunsky is precisely this critic and playwright, known today primarily for his attacks on the work of the great writer. In 1926, he published a derogatory article about the work “Days of the Turbins,” in which he first used the term “Bulgakovism.” In the chapters of the novel telling about the love story of the Master and Margarita, the reader encounters a word created by Latunsky: “pilatchina”.
Unlike Goethe, Bulgakov forces not the main character, but his beloved to contact the devil. It was Margarita who made the dangerous deal. To meet her beloved, she was ready to risk anything. And this became the climax in the love story of the Master and Margarita in Bulgakov’s novel.
Creation of a work
Work on the book began in the late twenties. Initially it was called “A Novel about the Devil.” At that moment in the novel there were not even the names of the Master and Margarita. In 1930, the novel was burned by the author himself. There were only a few drafts left, in which there were many torn sheets.
Two years later, the writer decided to return to his main work. Initially, Margarita enters the novel, and then the Master. Five years later, the well-known title “The Master and Margarita” appears. In 1937, Mikhail Bulgakov rewrote the novel from scratch. This took about half a year. Later, the writer had new ideas, but there were no more corrections.
Dating
How did the love story of the Master and Margarita begin? The meeting of two lovers was quite unusual. Walking down the street, Margarita carried alarming yellow flowers. The master was struck not by Margarita’s beauty, but by the endless loneliness in her eyes. She was as unhappy as he was. This extraordinary meeting marked the beginning of the extraordinary love story of the Master and Margarita. When analyzing Bulgakov's work, attention should be paid to some facts from the writer's biography. He suffered from constant bullying and attacks, and transferred his feelings to the pages of the novel.
Let us return to the event from which the love story in the novel “The Master and Margarita” began. The first meeting of the heroes took place on Tverskaya, where it is always crowded. But that day, for some reason, the central Moscow street was empty. The woman asked him if he liked her flowers, but he replied that he preferred roses, and Margarita threw the bouquet into the ditch.
Later, the Master will tell Ivan that love broke out between them suddenly, comparing the deep feeling with a “killer in an alley.” Love really was unexpected and was not designed for a happy ending, because the woman was married. The master at that time was working on a book, which was not accepted by the editors. And it was important for him to find a person who could understand his creativity, feel his soul. It was Margarita who became that person, sharing all his feelings with the Master.
Margarita left the house that day with yellow flowers to find her love. Otherwise she would have been poisoned. A life without love is joyless and empty. But the story of the Master and Margarita does not end there.
Novel about Pilate
After meeting her lover, Margarita’s eyes sparkle, the fire of passion and love burns in them. The master is next to her. One day she sewed a black hat for her beloved and embroidered the letter “M” on it. From that moment on, she began to call him Master, urging him on, predicting greater glory for him. Re-reading the novel, she repeated the phrases that had sunk into her soul and concluded that her life was in that novel. But there was life in him, of course, not only hers, but also the Master’s.
The end of happiness
Schoolchildren write the essay “The Love Story of the Master and Margarita” more often than any other based on Bulgakov’s work. Disclosure of this topic does not require deep knowledge of mythology and the history of Christianity. It would seem, what could be simpler? And yet, it is not easy to briefly describe and analyze the love story of the Master and Margarita.
Critics rejected the novel about Pilate. With this, the happy period in the life of Bulgakov’s heroes ended. And the point is not that the work was not published, and its author did not receive a fee. Criticism killed everything alive in the Master. He no longer has the strength to live or write. He was deprived of the ability to experience simple human joys. He forgot a lot from his previous life. But the image of Margarita will never leave his memory. With this the writer probably wanted to say: stronger than love there is nothing, nothing can destroy it.
One day the Master throws the manuscript into the fire, but his beloved snatches what is left from the oven. Margarita seems to be trying to preserve their feelings. But the Master disappears. Margarita is alone again.
The appearance of the devil
One day Margarita saw a dream that gave her hope. She felt that her meeting with the Master would soon take place. On this day, in the Alexander Garden, she met Azazell. It was he who hinted to her that a meeting with the Master was possible. But she had to turn into a witch. Life without a Master was a real torment for her, and therefore she made a deal with the devil without hesitation.
Death
However, the long-awaited date did not bring joy to Margarita. The master is sick, he cannot and does not want to be happy. And then she proves to Woland that her beloved deserves to be cured. She asks to save the Master, to make him the same. Woland fulfills Margarita's request. They return to their basement, where they begin to dream about the future. By the way, the Master’s manuscripts actually survived. Margarita sees them in Woland’s hands, but over the past night she has forgotten how to be surprised. “Manuscripts don’t burn,” says the devil, a phrase that has become key in the novel.
Nothing can make the Master and Margarita happy. In a world of hypocrisy and lies, they will always suffer. And therefore Woland sends Azazel to them. The lovers drink the wine brought to them and die. They didn't deserve the light. But they deserve peace. The Master and Margarita fly away with Woland to another world.
An extraordinary love story makes Bulgakov's novel one of the most popular works world literature. As already mentioned, the book has several storylines. However, the story of the Master and Margarita, in contrast to the description of the events that occurred before and after the execution of Yeshua, is understandable to everyone, regardless of age and literary preferences.
The novel “The Master and Margarita” closely intertwines themes of history and religion, creativity and everyday life. But the most important place in the novel is occupied by the love story of the master and Margarita. This storyline adds tenderness and poignancy to the work. Without the theme of love, the image of the master would not be possible to fully reveal. Unusual genre works - a novel within a novel - allows the author to simultaneously distinguish and combine the biblical and lyrical lines, develop them fully in two parallel worlds.
Fatal meeting
The love between the master and Margarita flared up as soon as they saw each other. “Love jumped out between us, like a killer jumps out of the ground... and struck us both at once!” - this is what the master tells Ivan Bezdomny in the hospital, where he ends up after the critics rejected his novel. He compares the surging feelings to lightning or a sharp knife: “That’s how lightning strikes! This is how amazing a Finnish knife is!”
The master first saw his future beloved on a deserted street. She caught his attention because she was "carrying disgusting, disturbing yellow flowers."
These mimosas became a signal to the master that his muse was in front of him, with loneliness and fire in his eyes.
Both the master and the unhappy wife of a rich but unloved husband, Margarita, were completely alone in this world before their strange meeting. As it turns out, the writer was previously married, but he doesn’t even remember his name ex-wife, about which she doesn’t keep any memories or warmth in her soul. And he remembers everything about Margarita, the tone of her voice, the way she spoke when she came, and what she did in his basement room.
After their first meeting, Margarita began to come to her lover every day. She helped him work on the novel, and she herself lived from this work. For the first time in her life, her inner fire and inspiration found their purpose and application, just as the masters listened and understood for the first time, because from the first meeting they spoke as if they had parted yesterday.
Completing the master's novel became a test for them. But already born love it was destined to pass both this and many other tests in order to show the reader that real kinship of souls exists.
The Master and Margarita
The true love of the master and Margarita in the novel is the embodiment of the image of love in Bulgakov’s understanding. Margarita is not just a favorite and loving woman, she is the muse, she is the author’s inspiration and his own pain, materialized in the image of Margarita the witch, who in righteous anger destroys the apartment of an unjust critic.
The heroine loves the master with all her heart, and seems to breathe life into his small apartment. My inner strength and she gives energy to her lover’s novel: “she chanted and loudly repeated individual phrases... and said that this novel was her life.”
The refusal to publish the novel, and later the devastating criticism of the unknown passage that ended up in print, equally painfully wounds both the master and Margarita. But, if the writer is broken by this blow, then Margarita is overcome by insane rage, she even threatens to “poison Latunsky.” But the love of these lonely souls continues to live its own life.
Test of love
In the novel "The Master and Margarita" love stronger than death, stronger than the master’s disappointment and Margarita’s anger, stronger than Woland’s tricks and the condemnation of others.
This love is destined to pass through the flames of creativity and the cold ice of critics, it is so strong that it cannot find peace even in heaven.
The characters are very different, the master is calm, thoughtful, he has a soft character and a weak, vulnerable heart. Margarita, on the other hand, is strong and sharp; more than once Bulgakov uses the word “flame” to describe her. Fire burns in her eyes and brave, strong heart. She shares this fire with the master, she breathes this flame into the novel, and even the yellow flowers in her hands resemble lights against the backdrop of a black coat and slushy spring. The master embodies reflection, thought, while Margarita embodies action. She is ready to do anything for the sake of her beloved, and sell her soul, and become the queen of the devil's ball.
The strength of the feelings of the master and Margarita is not only in love. They are so close spiritually that they simply cannot exist separately. Before their meeting, they did not experience happiness; after parting, they would never have learned to live separately from each other. That is why, probably, Bulgakov decides to end the lives of his heroes, in return giving them eternal peace and solitude.
Conclusions
Against the background of the biblical story of Pontius Pilate, the love story of the master and Margarita seems even more lyrical and poignant. This is the love for which Margarita is ready to give her soul, since she is empty without her loved one. Being insanely lonely before they met, the characters gain understanding, support, sincerity and warmth. This feeling is stronger than all the obstacles and bitterness that befalls the fate of the main characters of the novel. And it is precisely this that helps them find eternal freedom and eternal peace.
Descriptions of love experiences and the history of relationships between the main characters of the novel can be used by 11th grade students when writing an essay on the topic “The Love of the Master and Margarita”
Work test
Many classical works Literatures in one way or another touch on the topic of love, and Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” is no exception in this regard.
Michal Bulgakov touches on this topic, revealing it not only in the relationship between the Master and Margarita, but also describing the character of Yeshua Ha-Nozri.
I think that the writer wanted to put the very embodiment of love into the image of Yeshua: he was beaten for preaching, betrayed, but despite everything, Yeshua tells the procurator that all the people who tormented him are kind. Such special and unconditional love for all people shows enormous power hero, embodies forgiveness and mercy. Thus, Mikhail Bulgakov shows through the character the idea that God can forgive people because he loves them. Love in the novel from this side is revealed in the form highest form, its strongest expression.
On the other hand, the author reveals the theme of love through a description of the relationship between a man and a woman. The love between the characters brings them not only joy, but also a lot of grief; the writer even compares love to a killer, noting that, despite everything, it is inevitable and necessary.
The acquaintance of the characters of the Master and Margarita takes place in a completely deserted place, which is especially highlighted by the writer. Probably, by this he wanted to show that the meeting was planned by Woland, because in the end it led to the death of the heroes. In my opinion, the novel contains an indication of the inevitability of love from the very beginning, and the possibility of lovers to be happy only after death and the onset of peace. Love is shown as an eternal and constant phenomenon.
So, main feature The theme of love in the work is that this feeling is reflected independent of time and any circumstances.
Essay The Power of Love of the Master and Margarita
Bulgakov's novel was completely innovative for that time. After all, it raises such controversial topics that will always be relevant. True love is the main problem that is raised in the book "The Master and Margarita". Both main characters are trying with all their might to build their happy lives.
During further reading, we learn that Margarita is a very difficult woman. She is the wife of some serious man. She doesn't have to want for anything. She has everything except happiness and love. After all, apparently, Margarita did not become his wife because of high feeling. Yes, she is a rich, stately woman, but not happy. After meeting the Master, Margarita realizes the power of the real, true love. He is a poor writer who lives in a basement. The master is in a constant state of poverty, but this fact did not prevent him from falling in love with Margarita and making her happy.
The heroes of this novel really became happy, as each of them dreamed of this. But there is one fact that darkens their lives - Margarita’s marriage. Another factor hindering their happiness is the Master’s imprisonment for a novel that turned out to be anti-Soviet. It would seem that now there is no happiness, so live it: he is in a hospital for the mentally ill, and she is next to a man who will never make her happy.
It is at this moment that fate itself seems to send them a chance to find happiness. The devil himself offers Margarita a deal. Margarita cannot refuse, because this is the only chance to find happiness and not suffer with her unloved husband. For one evening she became queen world of the dead. For this, she asks Woland for only one thing - to return her beloved Master to her. And this helps them find happiness.
In order to become happy, Margarita had to sell her soul to the Devil. What a person won't do for true love. This is the most powerful feeling that can change many lives. Only love pushes people to do such things. You can give everything for her without asking for anything in return. Her strength is difficult to measure. And is it necessary? When we find love, we find true happiness.
Eternal love, love theme.
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There are so many people in the world who have willpower, strong character and good intentions. There are people who are hard to scare. Such people are called strong personalities.
(based on the novel “The Master and Margarita” by M. Bulgakov)
What do we remember when we hear the name “Mikhail Bulgakov”? Of course, “The Master and Margarita”. Why? The answer is simple: the question raised here is about eternal values– good and evil, life and death, spirituality and lack of spirituality. This satirical novel, a novel about the essence of art, the fate of the artist. But still, for me, this is, first of all, a novel about a real, true, eternal love. Novels in most cases fully correspond to their title, and main topic there is love in them. In the novel “Master
And Margarita” the author touches on this topic only in the second part. It seems to me that Bulgakov does this in order to prepare the reader, for him love is ambiguous, for him it is multifaceted. The whole love story of the Master and Margarita is a challenge to the surrounding everyday life, vulgarity, a protest against conformism, that is, passive acceptance of the existing order of things, unwillingness to resist circumstances. With its painful nonsense, this “ordinariness” drives a person to despair, when it’s time to shout like Pilate: “Oh gods, my gods, I’m poisoned, I’m poisoned!” And it’s scary, scary when vulgarity crushes. But when the Master says to Ivan: “My life, I must say, has not turned out quite as usual...”, a fresh, saving current bursts into the novel, although it is a tragic refutation of the ordinariness that can swallow up life.
Completely changing the theme of Faust, Bulgakov forces not the Master, but Margarita to contact the devil and enter the world of black magic. The only character who dares to make a deal with the devil is the cheerful, restless and brave Margarita, who is ready to risk anything to find her lover. Faust, of course, did not sell his soul to the devil for the sake of love - he was driven by a passion for the fullest possible knowledge of life. It is interesting that in the novel, which, at first glance, so closely resembles Faust, there is not a single character who would correspond to the main character of Goethe. What is certain is the similarity of the worldviews underlying these two works. In both cases, we are faced with the theory of the coexistence of opposites, with the idea that a person has the right to make mistakes, but at the same time he is obliged to strive for something that takes him beyond the limits of animal existence, everyday life, submissive and stagnant life. There is, of course, another important similarity - both Faust and the Master receive salvation from loving women.
And what’s interesting: Margarita, this witch who surrendered to the will of the devil, turns out to be more positive character than the Master. She is faithful, purposeful, she is the one who pulls her beloved out of the oblivion of a madhouse. The master, an artist opposed to society, becomes cowardly, unable to fully fulfill the demands of his gift, gives up as soon as he has to suffer for art, resigns himself to reality, and it is no coincidence that the Moon turns out to be his last destination. The master did not fulfill his duty and was unable to continue his writing. The master is broken, he has stopped fighting, he longs only for peace...
There is no place for hatred and despair in Bulgakov's novel. The hatred and revenge that Margarita is filled with, breaking the windows of houses and drowning apartments, is more likely not revenge at all, but cheerful hooliganism, the opportunity to fool around that the devil gives her. The key phrase of the novel is the phrase standing right in the middle of it, noticed by many, but not explained by anyone: “Follow me, reader! Who told you that there is no true, faithful, eternal love in the world? May the liar's vile tongue be cut out! Follow me, my reader, and only me, and I will show you such love!” The author, creating the main characters, endows them with extraordinary sensuality and hearts filled with love for each other, but he also separates them. He sends Woland, Satan, to help them. But why does it seem that such a feeling as love helps evil spirits? Bulgakov does not divide this feeling into light and dark, does not classify it into any category. This is an eternal feeling. Love is the same power, the same “eternal”, like life or death, like light or darkness. Love can be vicious, but it can also be divine; love in all its manifestations remains love first and foremost. Bulgakov calls love real, true and eternal, and not heavenly, divine or heavenly; he relates it to eternity, like heaven or hell.
All-forgiving and all-redeeming love - Bulgakov writes about it. Forgiveness overtakes one and all, inevitably, like fate: the checkered guy, known as Koroviev-Fagot, and the young page - the cat Behemoth, and the procurator of Judea Pontius Pilate, and the romantic Master, and his beloved. The writer shows that earthly love is heavenly love: appearance, clothing, era, time, place of life and place in eternity may change, but the love that overtakes you once strikes you in the very heart once and for all. Love remains the same throughout all the times and all the eternities that we are destined to experience. She endows the heroes of the novel with the energy of forgiveness, the same energy that Master Yeshua displays in the novel and for which Pontius Pilate has been yearning for two thousand years. Bulgakov managed to penetrate into the human soul and saw that it is the place where earth and sky meet. And then the author invents a place of peace and immortality for loving and devoted hearts: “Here is your home, here is your eternal home,” says Margarita, and somewhere far away the voice of another poet who has walked this road to the end echoes her:
Death and Time reign on earth, -
Don't call them rulers;
Everything, spinning, disappears into the darkness,
Only the sun of love is motionless.
Love... It is this that gives the novel mystery and uniqueness. Poetic love is the force that drives all the events of the novel. For her sake, everything changes and everything happens. Woland and his retinue bow before her, Yeshua looks at her from his light and admires her. Love at first sight, tragic and eternal, like the world. It is this kind of love that the heroes of the novel receive as a gift, and it helps them survive and find eternal happiness, eternal peace...
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The novel “The Master and Margarita” closely intertwines themes of history and religion, creativity and everyday life. But the most important place in the novel is occupied by the love story of the master and Margarita. This storyline adds tenderness and poignancy to the work. Without the theme of love, the image of the master would not be possible to fully reveal. The unusual genre of the work - a novel within a novel - allows the author to simultaneously distinguish and combine the biblical and lyrical lines, developing them fully in two parallel worlds.
Fatal meeting
The love between the master and Margarita flared up as soon as they saw each other. “Love jumped out between us, like a killer jumps out of the ground... and struck us both at once!” - this is what the master tells Ivan Bezdomny in the hospital, where he ends up after the critics rejected his novel. He compares the surging feelings to lightning or a sharp knife: “That’s how lightning strikes! This is how amazing a Finnish knife is!”
The master first saw his future beloved on a deserted street. She caught his attention because she was "carrying disgusting, disturbing yellow flowers."
These mimosas became a signal to the master that his muse was in front of him, with loneliness and fire in his eyes.
Both the master and the unhappy wife of a rich but unloved husband, Margarita, were completely alone in this world before their strange meeting. As it turns out, the writer was previously married, but he doesn’t even remember the name of his ex-wife, about whom he doesn’t keep any memories or warmth in his soul. And he remembers everything about Margarita, the tone of her voice, the way she spoke when she came, and what she did in his basement room.
After their first meeting, Margarita began to come to her lover every day. She helped him work on the novel, and she herself lived from this work. For the first time in her life, her inner fire and inspiration found their purpose and application, just as the masters listened and understood for the first time, because from the first meeting they spoke as if they had parted yesterday.
Completing the master's novel became a test for them. But the already born love was destined to pass this and many other tests in order to show the reader that a real kinship of souls exists.
The Master and Margarita
The true love of the master and Margarita in the novel is the embodiment of the image of love in Bulgakov’s understanding. Margarita is not just a beloved and loving woman, she is a muse, she is the inspiration of the author and his own pain, materialized in the image of Margarita the witch, who in righteous anger destroys the apartment of an unjust critic.
The heroine loves the master with all her heart, and seems to breathe life into his small apartment. She gives her inner strength and energy to her lover’s novel: “she chanted and loudly repeated certain phrases... and said that this novel was her life.”
The refusal to publish the novel, and later the devastating criticism of the unknown passage that ended up in print, equally painfully wounds both the master and Margarita. But, if the writer is broken by this blow, then Margarita is overcome by insane rage, she even threatens to “poison Latunsky.” But the love of these lonely souls continues to live its own life.
Test of love
In the novel “The Master and Margarita,” love is stronger than death, stronger than the master’s disappointment and Margarita’s anger, stronger than Woland’s tricks and the condemnation of others.
This love is destined to pass through the flames of creativity and the cold ice of critics, it is so strong that it cannot find peace even in heaven.
The characters are very different, the master is calm, thoughtful, he has a soft character and a weak, vulnerable heart. Margarita, on the other hand, is strong and sharp; more than once Bulgakov uses the word “flame” to describe her. Fire burns in her eyes and brave, strong heart. She shares this fire with the master, she breathes this flame into the novel, and even the yellow flowers in her hands resemble lights against the backdrop of a black coat and slushy spring. The master embodies reflection, thought, while Margarita embodies action. She is ready to do anything for the sake of her beloved, and sell her soul, and become the queen of the devil's ball.
The strength of the feelings of the master and Margarita is not only in love. They are so close spiritually that they simply cannot exist separately. Before their meeting, they did not experience happiness; after parting, they would never have learned to live separately from each other. That is why, probably, Bulgakov decides to end the lives of his heroes, in return giving them eternal peace and solitude.
Conclusions
Against the background of the biblical story of Pontius Pilate, the love story of the master and Margarita seems even more lyrical and poignant. This is the love for which Margarita is ready to give her soul, since she is empty without her loved one. Being insanely lonely before they met, the characters gain understanding, support, sincerity and warmth. This feeling is stronger than all the obstacles and bitterness that befalls the fate of the main characters of the novel. And it is precisely this that helps them find eternal freedom and eternal peace.
Descriptions of love experiences and the history of relationships between the main characters of the novel can be used by 11th grade students when writing an essay on the topic “The Love of the Master and Margarita”
Work test