Few people love nature like this
knows how to do it, just like Bunin can do it. World
Bunin is a world of visual
and sound impressions.
A.A. Block
The work of the great Russian writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin represents a special beautiful world. His stories and tales can remain in the soul for a whole century, making it more receptive to life and the beauty of nature. Native nature is a special reality in the writer’s work. Many of his inspired lines are dedicated to her - both in prose and poetry.
Throughout his life, Bunin deepened his sense of organic connection with nature in its global sense. In his works, he asserted the unique value of every minute lived by a person under open air, in the forest, in the field, on seashore. The beauty of nature is the only value of the world.
The writer makes his readers his fellow countrymen, regardless of where they were born and live. He invites them to walk together through grain fields, dense forests, steppe roads, ravines overgrown with forest. With special love, Bunin writes about the village, about the birch and linden alleys of the estates. However, he understands that this will not last forever, he will soon die, so his works are tinged with sadness. But here the writer finds what nature and man have in common - constant renewal, when death is followed by rebirth.
Bunin loves Russian nature very much, but perceives it mainly through sight. He eagerly watches her, and then conveys all his thoughts and feelings in his works. His pictures of nature are bright, clear, as if he had just photographed them. Bunin notices the smallest details of the life of nature, and then conveys them to the reader. For example, he shows that in moonlit night white horses appear green, and their eyes are purple. Bunin knows many colors and colors, his work is very colorful, and this was his innovation in Russian literature.
Subject native nature always present in Bunin's work. Only over time does it change: the writer talks more and more emotionally about the trees, sky, clouds, river, etc. So, when he writes about a blizzard, he tries to convey its howl and the feeling that covers a person at the same time. Bunin can skillfully convey the howl of the wind, the rustling of leaves, and the barely audible flutter of a butterfly’s wings.
But the most amazing thing in Bunin’s works is the sense of smell. The writer himself said to himself: “I had a sense of smell that distinguished the smell of dewy burdock from the smell of damp grass.” Bunin's works convey many different smells: from the mushroom dampness of a ravine to the hot aroma of the steppes. And everywhere the writer strives for maximum accuracy. This is very well and colorfully shown in the story “Antonov Apples”, when the hero rides through the village and hears the smell Antonov apples. This smell awakens childhood memories in him and makes him sad, because happy time long gone. And here’s how he described the smells of wormwood: “And it’s getting hotter, the warmth is blowing wider from the steppes, and the bitter wormwood is getting drier and smelling sweeter.”
Very often Bunin turned to nature in his poems. His favorite image was the sky. The sky is a joy for him, because it is so good to look and think in it. The poet reflects in his poems about life, about man, about his destiny:
Why should I enjoy this torment?
This sky, and this ringing,
And the dark meaning with which it is full,
Fit in consonance and sounds?
Happiness for Bunin is complete merging with nature, but it is available only to those who have penetrated the secrets of nature. Nature contains the harmony to which man strives. To be natural, like nature itself, is Bunin’s ideal at all times.
Works about nature are full of purity, light, and the writer’s love. He always admires pictures of his native nature. In addition, the landscape in his works corresponds to the emotional state of the hero. Works by I.A. Bunin, showing the beauty and fragility of the natural world, teach us to love and appreciate our native nature.
Nature! What a capacious word... Everyone imagines something different when they hear this word: a winter forest walk, the sound of falling autumn leaves, cheerful spring drops, a thunderstorm on a summer night. And why? Yes, because nature is an integral part human life, and only through nature and thanks to it can a person comprehend harmony and beauty in its material manifestation. “And I can comprehend happiness on earth, and in heaven I see God,” this is how M.Yu defined it. Lermontov's process of unity with nature.
Russian writers and poets often turn to pictures of nature in their works. Landscape in works of art serves a variety of roles, but most often it helps to understand the thoughts and feelings of a character. The depiction of nature allows the author to reveal the rich inner life heroes who deeply feel the beauty and harmony of the world around them.
One of these writers was I.A. Bunin. “My life,” he wrote, is a reverent and joyful communion of the eternal and the temporary, ... the life of everything that was and is on this earth, so beloved by me.” In 1897, the first collection of the writer’s stories was published, in which all the works are original lyrical miniatures. Masterpieces of Russian prose include such works as “Antonov Apples”, “Late at Night”, “Pines”. The writer is interested in the contradiction between individual human existence with him tragic ending and a feeling of fullness of life. In this regard, in Bunin’s miniatures, it is not the event that comes first, but state of mind the hero, his experiences, feelings. Special meaning acquire landscape details that help change the inner world, bring harmony, and resolve life’s contradictions.
The story “Antonov Apples” begins with an eeriely fabulous picture of autumn: “In the dark, in the depths of the garden - fairytale picture: as if in a corner of hell, a crimson flame is burning near the hut, surrounded by darkness, and someone’s black silhouettes, as if carved from ebony, are moving around the fire, while giant shadows from them walk across the apple trees.” But this memory is only an impetus for other memories, where not only autumn, but also the world around is perceived by all human senses: vision (turquoise sky, clear water, ash clouds, bluish days), hearing (the wind tore and ruffled the trees, disturbed the garden), and most importantly - touch, smell, taste. One of the main leitmotif images in the work - the image of smell - accompanies the entire narrative from beginning to end, the smell of Antonov apples, cherry branches, the rye aroma of new straw. The smell of Antonov apples becomes a symbol for the hero happy life, and memories of this time cleanse his soul. “You enter the house and first of all you will hear the smell of apples... The windows to the garden are raised, and the cheerful autumn coolness blows from there.” Fruit bearing healthy life- this is the highest earthly good. This is aesthetic program a writer for whom “the holiday of autumn is a holiday of life.”
In the story “Late at Night,” the lyrical and philosophical mood that colors the entire work creates the image of a sad autumn month, thanks to which the hero finds himself “in the quiet and bright kingdom of the night.” “Pale Shining Moon” makes the hero remember the best in himself, which was forgotten under the burden of petty worries and personal grievances. “Is this really the same month that once looked into my childhood room, which later saw me as a young man?” - he asks himself. And suddenly everything changes: “It was he who calmed me down in the bright kingdom of the night...”, because nothing disappears without a trace, because you need to remember the happy moments of your life, you need to feel them in yourself, and then happiness will return. “We are each other... And only the pale, sad month saw our happiness.”
Images of nature in Bunin's stories play an important ideological and semantic role. They become part philosophical attitude heroes of works to life, into which nature brings harmony and beauty. Nature and man, according to the author, cannot exist without each other. The richness of the colors of the seasons, the ever-changing transitions from one state to another - all this makes Bunin feel eternity in the movement of nature and correlate the spiritual life of his heroes with its philosophy:
This short life eternal change
I will tirelessly console myself, -
This early sun, smoke over the village,
In the scarlet park of leaves slowly falling
And you, my friend, the old bench.
Only in harmony with nature can a person understand his inner essence and purpose, comprehend beauty through the sounds, colors, and smells of the surrounding world. Nature is a spiritual component of a person’s inner world.
Russian lyrics are rich poetic images nature. Poets deified motherland, unforgettable Russian open spaces, the beauty of ordinary landscapes. I.A. Bunin was no exception. Once you fell in love with nature home country, he constantly addresses this topic in his poems, conveying unusual colors, sounds, smells of the native land. The theme of nature will become the main one for the lyricist Bunin, many poems will be dedicated to it.
I.A. Bunin captured various moments of existence in his poetry. It is important for the poet to convey the various states of nature. In the poem “April Burnt Down” bright evening…” shows a brief moment of fading of a quiet spring evening.
Bunin conveyed natural changes when “the rooks are sleeping,” “a cold twilight has fallen across the meadows,” “the holes are shining calm water" The reader not only feels the charm of an April evening, its special breath, but also feels that “the young, chilled black soil smells of greenery,” hears how “the cranes, calling to each other, carefully move in a crowd,” “sensitively listens to the rustling of the trees.” Everything in nature is lurking and, together with Spring itself, is “waiting for the dawn, holding its breath.” Bunin’s lines exude silence, peace, and an unforgettable feeling of the beauty of existence.
Smell plays a special role in Bunin’s poetry; the reader feels the inexplicable charm of Central Russian nature. In the poem “The fields smell like fresh herbs,” the lyrical hero catches the fragrance “from hayfields and oak groves.” The poem conveys “the cool breath of the meadows.” In nature, everything froze in anticipation of a thunderstorm, which is personified by the poet and appears to be a mysterious stranger with “crazy eyes.”
“Dusk and languor” in nature before a thunderstorm. The poet depicted a brief moment when “the distance grows dark over the fields,” “the cloud grows, covers the sun and turns blue.” Lightning resembles “a sword that flashed for an instant.” Initially, Bunin titled the poem “Under a Cloud,” but then he removed the title, since such a title does not give that full picture which the poet wanted to portray. In general, many poems by I.A. Bunin's stories about nature do not have names, since it is impossible to express the state of nature and convey sensations in two or three words lyrical hero.
The poem “It’s also cold and damp...” depicts a February landscape. IN lyrical work an image of God’s world is given, which is transformed and rejuvenated with the onset of spring: “bushes and puddles”, “trees in the bosom of the sky”, bullfinches. The last stanza is significant poetic work. The lyrical hero is attracted by the landscape that does not open,
...And what shines in these colors:
Love and joy of being.
Human feelings, dreams and desires are closely intertwined in Bunin’s poetry with images of nature. Through landscape sketches I.A. Bunin conveys complex world human soul. In the poem “Fairy Tale,” reality and fantasy are mixed, dream and reality, fairy tale and reality are inseparable from each other.
The lyrical hero has a fairy-tale dream: deserted shores, the Lukomorye, “pink sand,” the northern sea.” A picture of a fairy-tale land opens before the reader. The feeling of the unreality of what is happening is conveyed by the epithets: “along the deserted shores”, “under the wild blue seaside”, “in a remote forest”, “pink sand”, “mirror reflection of the sea”, which create a mood of mysterious expectation of a miracle.
From the final quatrain of the poem it is clear that landscape sketches of a distant desert region help the poet convey a feeling of longing, longing for his irretrievably lost youth:
I dreamed of the northern sea,
Deserted forest lands...
I dreamed of the distance, I dreamed of a fairy tale -
I dreamed of my youth.
The poetic world of I.A. Bunin is diverse, but it is the pictures of nature that reveal in his poetry inner world lyrical hero. Childhood is considered the brightest, cloudless time of human life. It is about him that I.A. writes. Bunin’s poem “Childhood,” which also conveys the feelings and experiences of the lyrical hero through natural images. The poet associates childhood with sunny summers, when “it is sweeter to breathe the dry, resinous aroma in the forest.”
The lyrical hero’s feelings of happiness and fullness of life are conveyed by the following poetic epithets, comparisons and metaphors: “wander through these sunny chambers”, “sand is like silk”, “everywhere” bright light", "the bark... is so warm, so warmed up by the sun."
I.A. Bunin is rightfully considered the singer of Russian nature. In the poet's lyrics, landscape sketches reveal the feelings, thoughts, experiences of the lyrical hero, conveying a brief moment of enchantment with the pictures of life.
Bunin loved August very much, but he also enjoyed the warmth, feeling of light and joy that comes to a person with the onset of spring days.Although the first line of the poem “The hollow water is raging” promises a stormy and rapid unfolding of the lyrical picture-experience, Bunin’s description of spring is distinguished by its leisurely and soft design.
Bunin is interested in nature in itself. He is an excellent observer and discovers many things that the naked eye would not notice - for example, the sunbeams that flutter along the walls of the room, cast off by an unusual mirror - an ordinary puddle.
However, the main thing is not in these observations. Bunin’s nature exists as if in two dimensions: this is real objective world(black mounds, puddles, round loose clouds - they are easy to imagine), and at the same time it is something alive, illuminated by the presence of a person.
In this second dimension, the sky is not just painted blue, but becomes “innocent,” the sun becomes “gentle,” the wind becomes “soft” and also “quietly closing the eyes.”
Nature and the person who perceives it turn out to be inseparable; the poet’s presence is felt from the very first lines in the most seemingly familiar pictures. If hollow water can rage on its own, then the noise is “dull and drawn-out” for a person.
“Black mounds” exist regardless of man, but in the image of the fog rising above him, human perception is felt: only a person will see the fog filled with warmth and light. This is especially true for the definitions of “innocent” sky and “gentle” sun. And finally, man’s dissolution in spring nature is openly revealed in the exclamation:
Spring, spring! And she's happy about everything.
It’s like you’re standing in oblivion
And you hear the fresh smell of the garden
And the warm smell of melted roofs.
Here everything includes the poet himself, and the sky above him, and the garden, and the wind, and crowing roosters. Everything is merged in a single joy of warmth and light.
Bunin's spring is a “village” spring with roosters crowing, quiet threshing floors and courtyards. The poet “looks” at nature from the estate, inhales the “fresh smell” from the garden; sunbeams jumping in the "hall". He reveals to the reader a new spring, not yet described or seen by any of the poets. It is full of new colors, smells, sounds. This early spring, when in some places layers of earth have already been exposed, but there is still no greenery.
Bunin paints like a painter, subtly conveying the color background spring landscape. At first, a black and white color scheme appears, which is unusual because it is created by a combination unfamiliar to the eye. white snow and black trees, but with black mounds of earth and white morning fog. The picture of midday is dominated by the golden-blue tones of the sky.
The light, warm color of a spring day is created by sun rays reflected in puddles and cheerful jumping bunnies. Bunin's paints are distinguished by their tenderness and the elegance of their tones is reminiscent of watercolors.
No less expressively musical accompaniment spring. It begins with the lingering and dull sound of spring waters, then against this background one hears the cheerful cry of the arriving rooks and everything falls silent to enjoy the warmth and light.
In calm and silence, smells become noticeable - “the fresh smell of the garden and the warm smell of melted roofs.”
And then the first one is repeated in a new orchestration theme song- the cry of birds against the backdrop of murmuring water. Only the water no longer makes a dull noise, but murmurs and shimmers (“it can sparkle” only by shimmering, otherwise there will be no moving reflections). And the important cry of the rooks is replaced by the more familiar domestic crowing of roosters.
Many poets are attracted by the expectation of renewal that comes with spring, the triumph of the eternal youth of nature. When reading Bunin, you don’t think about this, but simply rejoice in the pristine beauty of spring, surrender to its warmth, absorb its smells and enjoy the tenderness of spring colors.
After the silence of winter, even the crowing of a rooster seems joyful, and a feeling of love for the native land arises in the soul, where there are no overseas birds, no luxurious trees, no bright elegant colors, and in the morning rooks and roosters crow and “the gentle sun warms.”
Bunin reveals the beauty of the familiar, forcing you to look at the familiar world with “washed”, fresh eyes.
And, obeying the poet, you stop with him to absorb and forever remember the air, colors and smell of the Motherland. Bunin is a great master of landscape, although he himself said that “it is not the landscape that attracts him, it is not the colors that his greedy gaze will notice, but the fact that love and the joy of being shine in these colors.”
He - incomparable poet leaf fall:
The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing.
The greater his merit is that he does not impose himself on nature, and yet, involuntarily, from the touch of his careful and unerring brush, a natural connection is revealed between the appearance of the landscape and the soul of the poet, between the impassive life of nature and the human heart.
I. A. Bunin with extraordinary skill describes in his works the natural world full of harmony. His favorite heroes are endowed with the gift of subtly perceiving the world around them, the beauty of their native land, which allows them to feel life in all its fullness. After all, a person’s ability to see beauty around him brings peace and a feeling of unity with nature into his soul, helps him better understand himself and other people. We see that not many heroes of Bunin’s works are given the opportunity to feel the harmony of the world around them. Most often this simple people, already wise life experience. After all, only with age does the world open to a person in all its completeness and diversity. And even then, not everyone can comprehend it. The old farmhand Averky from the story “The Thin Grass” is one of those heroes of Bunin who achieved spiritual harmony. This no longer a young man, who has seen a lot in his life, does not experience horror from the knowledge of approaching death. He waits for it resignedly and humbly, because he perceives it as eternal peace, deliverance from vanity. Memory constantly returns Averky to the “distant twilight on the river”, when he met “that young, dear one, who now looked at him indifferently and pitifully with senile eyes.” This man carried his love throughout his life. Thinking about this, Averky remembers both the “soft twilight in the meadow” and the shallow creek, turning pink from the dawn, against which a girl’s figure can be seen. We see how nature participates in the life of this hero Bunin. Twilight on the river now, when Averky is close to death, gives way to autumn withering: “Dying, the grass dried up and rotted. The threshing floor became empty and bare. A mill in a deserted field became visible through the vines. The rain sometimes gave way to snow, the wind howled through the holes of the barn, angry and cold.” The onset of winter caused in the hero of “The Thin Grass” a surge of life, a feeling of the joy of being. “Ah, in winter there was a long-familiar, always pleasing winter feeling! First snow, first blizzard! The fields turned white, drowned in it - hide in a hut for six months! In white snowy fields, in a snowstorm - wilderness, game, and in a hut - comfort, peace. They will sweep the bumpy earthen floors clean, scrub them, wash the table, heat the stove with fresh straw - good!” In just a few sentences, Bunin created a magnificent living picture of winter. Like his favorite heroes, the writer believes that the natural world contains something eternal and beautiful that is beyond the control of man with his earthly passions. The laws of life of human society, on the contrary, lead to cataclysms and upheavals. This world is unstable, it is devoid of harmony. This can be seen in the example of the life of the peasantry on the eve of the first Russian revolution in Bunin’s story “The Village”. In this work, the author, along with moral and aesthetic problems, touches on social problems caused by the reality of the early 20th century. The events of the first Russian revolution, reflected in the village in peasant gatherings, burning landowners' estates, the revelry of the poor, bring discord into the usual rhythm of life in the village. There is a lot in the story characters. Her characters are trying to understand their surroundings, to find some kind of support for themselves. So, Tikhon Krasov found it in money, deciding that it gives confidence in the future. He devotes his entire life to accumulating wealth, even marrying for profit. But Tikhon never finds happiness, especially since he has no heirs to whom he could pass on his wealth. His brother Kuzma, a self-taught poet, is also trying to find the truth, deeply experiencing the troubles of his village. Kuzma Krasov cannot calmly look at the poverty, backwardness and downtroddenness of the peasants, their inability to rationally organize their lives. And the events of the revolution further aggravate social problems villages, destroy normal human relationships, and pose insoluble problems to the heroes of the story. The Krasov brothers are extraordinary individuals who are looking for their place in life and ways to improve it not only for themselves, but also for the entire Russian peasantry. They both come to criticize the negative aspects of peasant life. Tikhon is amazed that in the fertile black earth region there can be hunger, ruin and poverty. “The owner should come here, the owner!” - he thinks. Kuzma considers the reason for this situation of the peasants to be their profound ignorance and downtroddenness, for which he blames not only the peasants themselves, but also the government “empty talkers” who “trampled and killed the people.” The problem of human relationships and the connection of a person with the world around him is also revealed in the story “Sukhodol”. At the center of the narrative in this work is the life of an impoverished noble family Khrushchev and their servants. The fate of the Khrushchevs is tragic. Young lady Tonya goes crazy, Pyotr Petrovich dies under the hooves of a horse, and the feeble-minded grandfather Pyotr Kirillovich dies at the hands of a serf. Bunin shows in this story the extent to which human relationships can be strange and abnormal. This is what the former serf nanny of the Khrushchevs, Natalya, says about the relationship between masters and servants: “Gervaska bullied the barchuk and grandfather, but the young lady bullied me. Barchuk - and, to tell the truth, grandfather themselves - doted on Ger-vaska, and I doted on her.” And what does such a bright feeling as love lead to in Sukhodol? To dementia, shame and emptiness. The absurdity of human relationships is contrasted with the beauty of Sukhodol, its wide expanses of steppe with their smells, colors and sounds. The world beautiful in Natalya’s stories, in the conspiracies and spells of holy fools, sorcerers, wanderers wandering around native land. “There is no nature separate from us; every slightest movement of air is the movement of our own soul,” wrote Bunin. In his works, imbued with deep love for Russia and its people, the writer was able to prove this. For the writer himself, the nature of Russia was that beneficial force that gives a person everything: joy, wisdom, beauty, a sense of the integrity of the world: * No, it is not the landscape that attracts me, * It is not the colors that I strive to notice, * But what shines in these colors, * Love and joy of being.