I was also interested in this question. But I couldn’t find the time. Seeing that I was not the only one interested in this, I decided to look for information and tell you everything I learned.
How many nationalities live in Russia
So what kind of peoples live in Russia? About 200 nationalities live in Russia! I think it’s not worth listing all 200; I’d rather tell you about the most basic and memorable ones.
Tatar people(5.3 million live in Russia). They most often live in villages and hamlets, and the region most populated by Tatars, oddly enough, is Tatarstan. In a Tatar family, children are always taught to respect their elders. And girls are taught to run a household from an early age.
Bashkir people(1.5 million live in Russia). Most (1 million) of this people live in Bashkortostan. It is worth talking about their main holiday, it is called Kargatuy - “rook holiday”. It is celebrated during the arrival of rooks, and its purpose is to connect with the forces of nature.
Armenian people(0.6 million live in Russia). They are very friendly people. Their beautiful music appeared before our era.
Chuvash people(1.4 million live in Russia). Lives in completely different cities, towns and villages of the country. Their main activity is agriculture.
And this (as I said above) is not all nations. It is worth mentioning the following nationalities:
- Chechen people.
- Mordovian people.
- Yakut people.
- Buryat people.
- Kazakh people.
- Avar people.
Why are there so many nationalities in Russia?
In countries such as Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus (and many others) there are much fewer nationalities than in our country. But why?
Russia is a very big country. Therefore, the Russian people alone will not be able to fill it. Thanks to this, we can live next to people of a different nationality. For example, a Tatar lives next door to me. I really enjoy communicating with him and gaining new experiences.
Russia is rich in nationalities. I think we can be proud of this.
1. Features of the national composition of Russia………………………………………2
2. Brief History settlement of Russia…………………………………………………………….5
3. Distribution of nations and nationalities by regions of Russia…………………….…..…7
4. Problems related to the development of nationalism that exist in modern stage in Russia…………………………………………………………….…….……..14
5. List of references………………………………………………………………19
Features of the national composition of Russia
One of the main indicators characterizing the population is the total number and trends in its change.
The Russian population in our country is still the largest (about 116 million people) and accounts for almost 80% of the total population. Compared to 1989, its share in the entire population of the country decreased by 1.7 percentage points. This happened mainly due to natural loss, amounting to almost 8 million people, which could not be compensated by the slightly more than three million migration increase of Russians.
The second largest population in the country is occupied by the Tatars, whose number is 5.56 million people (almost 4% of the country's population), the third place is occupied, oddly enough, by the Ukrainians, their number is approximately 2.9 million people.
Due to emigration and natural decline, the number of Jews (from 0.54 million people to 0.23 million people) and Germans (from 0.84 million people to 0.60 million people) decreased during the intercensal period.
Mainly due to migration growth, the number of Armenians (from 0.53 million people to 1.13 million people), Azerbaijanis (from 0.34 million people to 0.62 million people), Tajiks (from 0.34 million people) increased significantly 04 million people to 0.12 million people), Chinese (from 5 thousand people to 35 thousand people).
For the first time since the 1926 population census, the number of people who classified themselves as Kryashens was obtained (about 25 thousand people). Also, for the first time since the 1897 census, the number of people who called themselves Cossacks (about 140 thousand people) and a number of small peoples of Dagestan was obtained.
The number of citizens of the Russian Federation amounted to 142.4 million people (98% of all residents of the country), 1.0 million people have citizenship of other states and 0.4 million people are stateless persons. Of the total number of citizens of the Russian Federation, 44 thousand people have dual citizenship. Approximately 1.3 million people did not indicate their nationality.
National composition fully characterizes the ethnic structure of the population.
By linguistic affiliation, the peoples of Russia belong to four language families: Indo-European (89%) - Slavic, Germanic, Romance groups; Altai (6.8%) – Turkic, Mongolian groups; Caucasian (2.4%) - Abkhaz-Adyghe, Nakh-Dagestan groups; Ural (1.8%) – Finno-Ugric, Samoyed groups. Some small peoples (Kets, Nivkhs) do not belong to any of the existing language families and stand out as isolated. The rapid pace of urbanization, migration processes and the growth of interethnic marriages contributed to assimilation and integration processes.
The original Russian regions in Russia are territories stretching from the European North, North-West to the central regions of Russia. The Russian population also predominates in the regions of the Urals, southern Siberia and the Far East. Russia as a whole is characterized by a diversity of national composition in many regions.
In the Russian Federation, 32 subjects of the Federation are distinguished on a national basis (21 republics, 10 autonomous okrugs and 1 autonomous region). The total area of 32 national entities makes up 53% of the territory of Russia.
All national entities have a complex population composition. However, the share of the titular nation is in some cases relatively small. Only in 9 subjects of the Federation the share of the titular nation exceeds 50%, for example, in Ingushetia - 74.5, in Kabardino-Balkaria -57.6%, in North Ossetia-Alania -53.0%, etc. The lowest share of the titular nation is in Khanty -Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – 1.6%.
Processes of ethnicity have become widespread in the Russian Federation.
assimilation. The objects of assimilation are small ethnic groups, peoples living in strong territorial mixing with other peoples, as well as national groups (often consisting of representatives of fairly large and well-consolidated ethnic groups living separately), which are characterized by dispersed settlement. Interethnic marriages serve as an important channel of the assimilation process in Russia, but “extra-family” assimilation also takes place.
From the small peoples of Russia in the 20th century. The Turkic-speaking Soyots were assimilated and merged with the Buryat people. The yugas close to the Kets dissolved among the surrounding Russian population, the process of assimilation (linguistic and then ethnic) partially affected many others small peoples Siberia and the Far East. Assimilation also included representatives of many ethnic
communities, mainly concentrated outside of Russia, and within it
itself - dispersedly settled. True, the speed of development of assimilation processes among different people living in Russia national groups different. Representatives of two eastern countries close to them in language and culture are the fastest to merge with Russians. Slavic peoples- Belarusians and Ukrainians. In 1989, 63% of Belarusians and 57% of Ukrainians living in our country considered Russian their native language.
Those living in the Russian Federation undergo fairly rapid assimilation
representatives of other Slavic peoples: Poles, Bulgarians, Czechs,
Serbs. All these ethnic groups live dispersedly in Russia, which facilitates the process of their assimilation. Representatives of other non-indigenous ethnic groups in Russia are assimilating
Russians to a much weaker extent. So, the Germans, despite
long-term residence in our country, and a high proportion of people who have transferred
into Russian (58%), quite staunchly retain their ethnic
self-awareness. The process of assimilation of Koreans is proceeding even more slowly, which
is hampered by the pronounced cultural specificity of this ethnic
community, as well as its anthropological isolation. Although Koreans have been living in Russia for a long time and the majority of them (63%) consider Russian their native language, they, like the Germans, maintain their ethnic identity well and show high intra-ethnic solidarity.
Representatives of Turkic-speaking ethnic groups living in Russia, who make up the main population of several republics of the former USSR, also show ethnic resilience ( Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks), which is facilitated by their significant cultural specificity. The vast majority of representatives of these peoples retain their national language.
A Brief History of the Settlement of Russia
History of settlement and development of land, differences in types of population reproduction, vastness of territory and diversity natural conditions caused a very uneven distribution of the Russian population. The European part (about 30% of the area) is home to 78.5% of the population, and the Asian part is 21.5%. In addition, in the zone of continuous settlement, or the “main zone of settlement” (the European part of Russia without the European North, the south of Siberia and the Far East), which occupies only 1/3 of the territory, 93% of the population is concentrated.
The average population density in Russia is 8.5 people. per 1 km 2, it is four times less than the world average. At the same time, population density ranges from less than one person per 1 m 2 in some areas of the Eastern macroregion to 354 people per 1 km 2 in the Moscow region.
The main settlement zone is very different from the rest of the country, which belongs to the Northern zone. The first is historically economically developed due to the favorable nature and climatic conditions, benefits geographical location; located here large number major cities and the majority of the population is concentrated. The Northern zone is a territory developed relatively recently (“newly developed”), with focal settlement; only about 7% of the population lives there.
Historical migrations of the Russian population to Siberia, the Urals, the North, Far East began back in the 16th and 17th centuries. in connection with the development of new lands. The flow of immigrants to the eastern regions of Russia especially increased at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries. in connection with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Historical migrations were about forced relocations of peoples: in 1937, Koreans were resettled from the Primorsky Territory to Central Asia; in the 30s, Germans, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Crimean Tatars to the eastern regions, to Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia. In the pre-war years, organized resettlement to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East, where mineral deposits were developed and factories were built. In the 50s there was a massive development of huge tracts of land in Kazakhstan and Western Siberia. In connection with the collapse of the USSR and the aggravation of interethnic relations in a number of republics of the new abroad, the re-emigration of the Russian-speaking population from the republics intensified Central Asia and Transcaucasia.
The most numerous and constant migrations of the population in Russia in the 20th century. there were internal migrations of people from rural areas to cities, from small towns to large ones.
Currently, internal migrations account for 80% of the migration turnover of the Russian population. The determining direction of internal migration is the Center, the Volga region and the South of the country, which as a result has led to a significant reduction in the population of the regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East.
In 23 regions of the Federation, the population has increased over the past period. The greatest growth was observed in the Republic of Dagestan - by 43%, Moscow - 17%, Krasnodar Territory - by 11%, Belgorod and Kaliningrad regions - 10% each. The increase in population occurred due to natural growth and the influx of migrants.
IN economic geography and regional studies, the main issues in the study of the population are the causes, patterns and features of the spatial and functional behavior of the population depending on trends in changes in the external environment.
Russia is rich not only amazing monuments nature, beautiful architectural structures and other wonderful sights. It also has a multinational indigenous population. At the beginning of this decade, more than two hundred diverse nationalities were officially attested. The country has about 145 million residents who live there permanently, of which the largest group is Russians, there are 116 million of them in Russia, which is 80% of the total population.
It is worth adding that the national composition of our country is not some kind of static indicator; it is constantly changing under the influence of various processes (migration, wars, relocation, etc.).
Russia ranks 7th in the world in terms of population and 2nd in density, second only to the United States of America. 1/5 of our country's population lives in 13 largest cities countries. 7 peoples living in Russia have a population exceeding a million people.
Indo-European group
This vast group includes two subgroups: the Slavic, which is the most numerous, and the group of other peoples. IN Slavic group includes Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles. The peoples of other groups include Jews, Ossetians, Armenians and Germans.
From time immemorial, the Central regions of the country, the North-West and the European North have been considered Russian regions, but Russians live everywhere.
The Ukrainian people in Russia make up a little more than 2% of the total population (4 million 360 thousand people). Ukrainians take their origins from the Circassians. The main thing in the diet of this nationality is flour (dumplings, dumplings, dumplings) and vegetable (borscht, cabbage soup) foods, as well as porridge (favorites are buckwheat and wheat). The most common meat products are pork and lard. On all holidays, Ukrainians dress up in national sundresses and embroidered shirts.
Belarusians make up about 1% of the population of our country. This nationality is the descendants of the ancient Vends, who settled in the territory of what is now Smolensk, Vitebsk, Pskov, Minsk and Mogilev regions. The Belarusian table has long consisted of milk, cabbage, cottage cheese, eggs, peas, beans, rye bread, in general, everything that can be prepared from products household. Indigenous Belarusians are distinguished by their short stature, sunken eyes, thick build, and round face framed by light brown hair.
The number of Poles in Russia is about 70 thousand people. This nationality is characterized by short representatives. Traditionally, on great holidays, Poles wear their national clothes: striped skirts, aprons, men's trousers made of white cloth, plain shirts and leather belts. National dishes are kvasnitsa, zhur, barshch with the addition of sour cream, lard or butter. Potatoes, mushrooms, apples, homemade sausage, cheese, cottage cheese and milk. The Poles have well-developed folk crafts: carving, embroidery, painting on glass surfaces, ceramics, basketry, sculpture and weaving.
Jews in Russia make up about 0.5% of the country's total population. “Russian Jews” are distinguished by their low religiosity compared to the indigenous population of Israel. Jews have an elongated nose with a curved tip, which indicates their belonging to this nation. They are distinguished by a cheerful disposition, resistance to stress, and good intelligence.
There are about 515 thousand Ossetians living in our country, which is 1.8% of the country's population. They are mainly located in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. This nationality is considered to be the descendants of the Alans. Ossetians for the most part have dark eyes and hair, dark skin tone, and tall stature. These people are quite moderate in food, the diet mainly consists of wheat, barley, corn, cheese, millet and milk; on holidays they eat meat. 
Armenians make up more than 4% of the total population of the Russian Federation, which is approximately 1 million 150 thousand people. The Armenian family is characterized by a large number with a clear definition of the rights and responsibilities of its members. Traditional food is grain crops, from which they bake lavash, butter cookies, make noodles, make porridge and pilaf. Among dairy products, the most popular are various cheeses, buttermilk, milk, and matsun.
The German nation in Russia makes up 2.1% (843 thousand). It is typical for Germans to have a small family with one or two children. There is quite a lot of severity in the appearance of representatives of this nationality; they are silent and inhospitable, but at the same time neat, friendly and practical.
Altai group
This group is divided into two subgroups: Turkic, which numbers about 11 million people in our country, and Mongolian, whose representatives in Russia are about 800 thousand. The Turkic group is represented by such peoples as: Tatars, Kazakhs, Chuvashs, Azerbaijanis, Bashkirs, Yakuts and Tuvans. The Mongolian group includes Kalmyks and Buryats.
The Tatars are the most numerous nationality in the Russian Federation, after the Russians, they make up 3.8% of the entire population of the country, that is, approximately 5.5 million people. Tatars are distinguished by their bright appearance: brown eyes, dark hair, well-defined cheekbones, wide nose, narrowed eyes. These people are hospitable, hardworking and clean, but they are also characterized by stubbornness and indifference.
There are more than 655 thousand Kazakhs. They live mainly in Western Siberia, the Lower Volga region and the south of the Urals. Traditionally, Kazakhs are engaged in livestock breeding (cattle, sheep, goats, camels). It is customary for women to work with wool, and for men to work with jewelry, leather, wood and metal.
The number of Chuvash in our country is 1.2%. The Chuvash are traditionally employed in the agricultural sector, but now many representatives of this nation are employed in the services, culture and trade sectors. 
Azerbaijanis live in the Republic of Dagestan; they account for 4.5% of the total number of residents of this republic. The traditional occupation of Azerbaijanis is gardening, farming and viticulture; common crafts are leather working, jewelry making, and making copper objects.
Bashkirs live mainly in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is part of the Russian Federation. There are approximately 1 million 670 thousand people. They have a memorable appearance: a straight, wide nose, a protruding chin, a large head, and short stature.
The Yakuts number 444 thousand people and live primarily in the Republic of Sakha. Here the share of the urban population is low, since the traditional occupation of the Yakuts is farming and other agricultural activities. Residents live in small villages.
The nationality of Tuvans in our country is about 223 thousand inhabitants, living mostly in the Republic of Tyva.
The Buryats number about 460 thousand people, they are settled in the Republic of Buryatia. Folk crafts - fishing, hunting, livestock breeding, farming.
Kalmyks settled in the Republic of Kalmykia, Rostov, Astrakhan, Orenburg and Volgograd regions, there are 147 thousand of them.
Ural group
This family includes Finnish and Ugric group. Finnish consists of representatives of the Mordovians, Komi, Mari, Karelians, and Udmurts. And Ugric - Mansi and Khanty.
Mordva lives in the Republics of Mordovia, Chuvashia, Bashkiria, in the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Orenburg and Penza regions, the population is 1 million 720 thousand people. The occupations of the Mordovians are not very different from the Russians; preference is given to agriculture. 
There are almost 605 thousand Mari people in the population of Russia. Since ancient times they have been engaged in the cultivation of oats, hemp, rye, barley, buckwheat, carrots, onions, flax, turnips, hops and potatoes.
The number of Karelians in the Russian Federation is approximately 100 thousand people. The traditional crafts of the Karelians are weaving, hunting, fishing, embroidery, and reindeer herding. The national drink is turnip kvass.
There are 637 thousand Udmurts in our country. The national clothes of this people are very bright and painted. However, in holidays Udmurts wear exclusively white outfits. The territory where the Udmurts live is perfect for growing all types of grains, so this activity is a priority here.
The Khanty and Mansi are representatives of the peoples of the North. The first nationality consists of 21 thousand representatives, and the second - of only 7.6 thousand.
Caucasian group
This group included representatives of the peoples of Dagestan, Ingush, Chechens, Georgians, and Kabardians.
The Ingush number 411 thousand people, whose main occupation is agriculture, growing grapes, tea, honey production, and gardening. In addition, horse and cattle breeding is common.
The number of Chechens is more than 1 million 300 thousand people. They live in villages and eat wheat stew, home-made bread, corn porridge, urek and shish kebab. They are engaged in the production of carpets, shoes and clothing, cloth and felt. 
More than half a million Kabardians live in our country. The etiquette of communication between older and younger generations, women and men is preserved here. From time immemorial, Kabardian men have been considered excellent warriors; national clothing contains many devices for carrying weapons and ammunition. Women's clothing distinguished by long, closed dresses and high headdresses.
There are 131 thousand Georgians in the Russian Federation. Positive traits Their character is hospitality, friendliness, tact and tolerance.
Welcome to Russia!!!
Russia has always been multinational; this feature is closely connected with the history of the country, during which it influenced the consciousness and way of life of the people inhabiting the country. Multinational composition of the state is also indicated in the constitution, where it is called the bearer of sovereignty and the source of power.
Due to the heterogeneous composition of the country's population since ancient times, many people who consider themselves to have different roots in fact and can be considered to the same extent representatives of other nationalities. But in the USSR, mandatory recording of ethnicity was adopted, which served as the basis for determining the number of nationalities and their percentage. Today it is not necessary to indicate your origin, and the census data does not have an exact figure - some people did not indicate their origin.
In addition, this is a rather vague concept; ethnographers divide some nationalities into several parts, while others are separated into separate groups. Some disappear or are assimilated.
Number of nations in Russia
However, census data make it possible to calculate an almost exact number of nations whose representatives live on Russian territory. There are more than 190 of them, although only about 80 nationalities make up a more or less significant part of the population: the rest get thousandths of a percent.
In the first place are the Russians or those people who consider themselves Russians: these include the Karyms, Ob and Lena old-timers, Pomors, Rusko-Ustyintsy, Mezentsy - there are a lot of self-names, but they all make up a nation. The number of Russians in the country is more than 115 million people.
In second place are the Tatars and all their varieties: Siberian, Kazan, Astrakhan and others. There are five and a half million of them – that’s almost 4% of the country’s population. Next come the Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Armenians, Belarusians, Mordovians, Udmurts and many other nationalities: Caucasian, Siberian. Part of the population - about 0.13% - is . Germans, Greeks, Poles, Lithuanians, Chinese, Koreans, and Arabs live on Russian territory.
Thousands of percent are allocated to such people as the Persians, Hungarians, Romanians, Czechs, Sami, Teleuts, Spaniards, and French. There are also representatives of very few nationalities in the country: Laz, Vod, Svans, Ingiloys, Yugs, Arnauts.
It is difficult to calculate how many nationalities there are in the world, since there is always a merging of peoples in the world. There are 251 countries in the world. But there are approximately 2000 nationalities, with their own language and religion, but this figure is constantly changing, due to the fact that some peoples simply disappear from the face of the earth.
There are more than 2000 nationalities in the world, but these are the main nationalities.
But every nationality has ethnic peoples, as for example among the Dagestanis - Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais, Rutulians, Tsakhurs, Agulians, etc.
If by nationality, then 252.
No one can name the exact number of nationalities living on Earth; the number gradually changes, some nationalities disappear or merge with others. As of 2015, there are about two thousand nationalities.
Although the humanity of the Earth was usually divided into races, and these are four main ones: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid and Australoid. But they are only 70% of the total population of the world, and 30% are already racial groups that arose as a result of the mixing of these main races. There are 3-4 thousand in the world various peoples. Mixing of blood occurs constantly in our world. If there was a time when national borders coincided with state ones, where 90% of the population consisted of the main nationality, for example Denmark, Poland, many states Latin America, then now people migrate more often.
It all depends on what you mean by nationality. So, in the domestic understanding, nationality is the ethnic origin of an individual, that is, to which nation he belongs. In the West, the term nationality refers to citizenship, or state affiliation of a person. If we evaluate the number of nationalities in the domestic sense of the word, then their number per different estimates will be from 4500 to 6000. In the second case, the number of nationalities coincides with the number of states and becomes the number 192.
If by the term nationality you mean some belonging to one or another ethnic group of a certain individual, then in the whole world there are about 2000 such groups that are registered in official sources, but I do not agree with this, because I believe that if a person has modern world there was a mixing of blood, then it will be a different nationality, and not a choice between mother or father
Now there are from 4500 to 6000 nationalities on Earth, but no one can say for sure how many nationalities actually exist on our Earth; they only estimate these numbers approximately, many ethnic groups, groups of nationalities that differ in their characteristics and language, external characteristics (appearance, eyes).
There are more than 180 nationalities in Russia alone.
But total number There are from 2500 to 5000 languages on earth.
They say that the number nations equal to the quantity states, but there are even more nationalities.
There are no exact data, because different countries have their own concept of nationality, moreover, some of them do not have specific information due to poor organization of the population census.
If we consider that in Russia alone there are more than 200 nationalities, then I think this figure will reach more than 1000.
The names of all nationalities living in our country can be found on WIKIPEDIA at the link:
There are many nationalities on Earth, some indicate the number from 800 to 2 thousand. The discrepancies are so great for the reason that not all countries keep records of their national composition and the population census is poorly developed.
I found information that there are 252 nationalities living on Earth. WITH full list and the number of peoples can be found in the photo below.
Nobody knows the exact number of nationalities of people living in our time for one simple but global reason: **INTERRACIAL AND INTERNATIONAL MIXING**, for example: a Ukrainian woman gives birth to a black man, a Russian woman to a Kazakh woman, a Polish woman to a Chinese man, etc. The approximate number of nationalities is about 2000 thousand
No one can say the exact number of nationalities on the planet, but official sources put the figure at about 2000. Only according to official data, about two hundred nationalities live in our country.