Modern sports marches. What is a march? Types of musical marches

29.06.2020

Definition of a march as a musical composition with a clear rhythm, strictly measured tempo, cheerful and heroic character, intended to accompany and organize the movement of people. Types of marches, their tempo and rhythm. Characteristics of musical instruments.

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MUSIC PROJECT

TOPIC: MARCH

PERFORMED BY: AFANASYEVA ANASTASIA

1. What is a march? Definition

2. Types of marches

3. Tempo and rhythm of the march

4. Musical instruments

5. Examples of marches. With description

1. What is a march?

MARCH (French marche, from marcher - to go) is a musical composition with a clear rhythm, strictly measured tempo, cheerful, courageous, heroic character, designed to accompany and organize the movement of people. Ensures synchronization of actions large number people. Due to its simplicity and energy, the march is easily recognized in any rhythm. march musical rhythm composition

The origins of the march date back to the distant past. Already in Ancient Greece various processions, according to the surviving images on the vessels, were accompanied by music, to the beat of which their participants moved. In ancient Greek tragedy, the chorus entered the stage (parod) and left it (exodus) in marching order. IN Western Europe in the 14th-15th centuries, when “walking in step” became mandatory in the armies of some countries (Sweden, Prussia), a need arose for a musical organization of the march of troops. March emerged as a genre military music.

2. Types of marches

The main types of modern military marches: drill, or ceremonial, ceremonial (performed at parades and other occasions of the ceremonial passage of troops), marching, or fast (on drill walks and festive processions), counter (when meeting and accompanying the banner, direct superiors, during most military rituals) and funeral, or mourning (at funerals and when laying wreaths). Varieties of the march are column marches (usually in 6/8 time with a single rhythmic figure in all voices, which gives its rhythm special clarity) and fanfare marches - the most festive, including signal-fanfare themes and cues.

March is an applied genre. Happens:

* solemn - during holidays and parades

* military drill, marching - when a military unit or other organized column of people is marching - “Farewell of a Slav”

* sports - at physical education parades and competitions

* mourning - "Funeral Procession" by Liszt

* fabulous - Chernomor's march from Glinka's "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

* humorous - “The Love for Three Oranges” by Prokofiev

* toy - "March of the Wooden Soldiers" by Tchaikovsky

* children's - from Prokofiev's "Children's Music"

* march song - "It's fun to walk together"

Marches can be found in music theatrical works- in operas, ballets, dramatic performances. Here they are always associated with the action on stage and usually accompany some kind of procession.

The march is widespread in the army. It is one of the main genres of military music. In addition to organizing the movement, it is designed to instill cheerfulness in soldiers and raise their morale.

3. Tempo and rhythm of the march

The march is usually in 2/4, 4/4, and 6/8 time signatures (three beats are also found in ballet). It is distinguished by characteristic rhythmic patterns, originating from drum roll, fanfare signals. A prominent place in the march is occupied by sharp dotted rhythms, syncopation, contrasts of abrupt and smooth movement (staccato and legato). In the melodic march, movement along the sounds of triads ("fanfare" intonations), bright leaps, especially fourths from the V to I degrees of the mode, and repetitions of sounds are widely used; There are often emphasized returns of melodic stops. Short and energetic initial intonations constitute the impulses for the subsequent melodic movement. Square constructions predominate; In general, the structure is distinguished by clarity of division.

Slow marches are sometimes written in 3/4 time. The tempo varies depending on the duration and speed of the movement - from 60 steps per minute in the marches of the Prussian army of the 18th century. up to 120 steps per minute in modern American and up to 140 in French marches.

The modern military march is usually written in three-part form with a short introduction, a first section, a second section and a contrasting trio, after which the first two sections are repeated. Concert marches of the older type may be somewhat freer in form. An example is two Mozart marches - the slow and solemn "March of the Priests" from The Magic Flute and the fast and cheerful march aria “Frisky Boy” from Le nozze di Figaro. Special types The marches are represented by solemn funeral marches (for example, the funeral march from Chopin's piano sonata, Op. 35) and processional marches (for example, the pilgrim chorus from Wagner's Tannhäuser).

4. Musical instruments

A typical feature of a march is the presence of a rhythmic (percussion) instrument.

Modern military marches with their characteristic rhythmic patterns appeared in European music no earlier than the 18th century. Typical for modern marches the rhythm, together with the use of cymbals and a large drum, was brought to Europe by the Janissaries of the Turkish army. Over time, it was this type of march, with a more emphasized rhythm than in the old European march, that began to predominate in the military, and by the 20th century. - and in all marching music.

Military marches are created for a military (brass) band.

Usually marches have bright, easy-to-remember melodies and simple, usually chordal accompaniment.

5. Examples of marches

An example of a heroic march is the march from G. Verdi's opera "Aida". It is performed symphony orchestra, as well as a brass band placed directly on the stage. The entire march is built essentially on the development of one theme. The character of the music is militant, jubilant, decisive, energetic, becoming lighter and more festive towards the end.

The march song in most cases is cheerful and confident, the accompaniment is always clear and cheerful, the melodic phrases are small, since it is meant to be performed while walking, it is always square and bipartite. The form can be verse. A lot of such songs were written in Soviet times.

1. “Farewell of a Slav”. V.I. Agapkin.

“Farewell Slavs” is a Russian march written in 1912-1913 by the staff trumpeter of the 7th reserve cavalry regiment stationed in Tambov, Vasily Ivanovich Agapkin, under the impression of the events of the First Balkan War (1912-1913). Having not lost any of its popularity over the past years, it is essentially a national march, symbolizing farewell to the war, military service or in long journey. Abroad it is one of the most recognizable musical emblems Russian Empire, Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

2. “Salute of Moscow”. S. Chernetsky.

3. "Varyag". N.P. Ivanov-Radkevich.

4. “Fighters for peace.” V. Vishnevetsky

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History of the origin of the march

The march emerged as a genre of military music in the late Middle Ages based on folk marching songs, military signals, and some forms of dance music.

Since the 18th century European countries Military instrumental chapels and orchestras, consisting of wood and brass instruments and drums, began to be specially created to perform marching music. By the beginning of the 19th century, metal drums were added to them - timpani, cymbals, etc.

The history of Russian military music dates back to the times Kievan Rus. The playing of wind instruments during the campaign of the princely squad is mentioned in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” The organizing and inspiring properties of military brass music were noted by many military leaders. A.V. Suvorov wrote that “music doubles and triples the army.”

Classification of marches

Military march- when a military unit or other organized column of people is marching. For example, “Farewell of the Slav”. There are several types of military march:
- drill march
- field march
- counter march
Sports March- at physical education parades and competitions (“Olympic March”).
Funeral March (Funeral March of F. Chopin).
Fairytale March (March of Chernomor from the opera by Ruslan and Lyudmila, “Six Miracles of the Sea” from the opera “Sadko”).
Humorous March (“Love for Three Oranges” by S.S. Prokofiev).
Toy march (“March” from the ballet “The Nutcracker” by P.I. Tchaikovsky).
Children's March(from “Children’s Music” by S.S. Prokofiev).
March song (“It’s fun to walk together”).
Carnival march.

March is an applied genre.

Signs of the genre "March"

strict regularity of rhythm
bipartite size
size 2/4 or 4/4
always square construction structure
chord accompaniment
most often based on two or three themes
marches have bright, easy-to-remember melodies
a significant role is given to brass and percussion instruments, and especially the pipe

March is a genre of music whose works are designed for synchronized movement large quantity Human. The march has a clear rhythm and measured tempo that does not change throughout the composition.

This genre has gained great popularity in the army, and is the main direction of military music. However, marches went far beyond the scope of military works and became widespread in the genres of stage and concert music, such as opera and ballet.

On at the moment there are a great many marches. Written in different periods time, they convey certain emotions and feelings inherent in their era. There are also works in this musical genre that have not lost their originality from the moment of their creation to the present day. Next, we will look at the most famous marches in the history of this genre.

Mendelssohn March

One of the most famous wedding marches in the world, written by German composer and musician Felix Mendelssohn in 1842. The work was originally created for the play A Midsummer Night's Dream. And in 1858, the march was performed at the wedding of Princess Victoria, after which it gained popularity and was recognized as a wedding march.

Funeral March

Another famous march, known throughout the world, was written in 1837 by Frederic Chopin and is the third movement of four Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor. This simultaneously mixed in the music such feelings as grief, melancholy, sadness and hopelessness, which could not leave the listener indifferent. It was the author himself who became the first person to be buried to the sounds of this work. Subsequently, this music was heard more and more often at funerals. various peoples world, which brought fame to this march.

March "Farewell of the Slav"

Russian march created by trumpeter Vasily Agapkin in 1912-1913. From its inception to this day it has been considered a national march. To its sounds, people are seen off on long journeys, to military service, and the march also symbolizes farewell to the war. IN foreign countries is the most recognizable piece of music symbolizing Russian Federation.

Parade march "Victory Day"

The famous Soviet song, written by the composer D. Tukhmanov to the words of the poet V. Kharitonov, initially became a popular drill song in the Soviet Union and subsequently Russian army. And then a parade march, without which not a single celebration of May 9, Victory Day, is complete.

Military march of the Army of the Rhine (Marseillaise)

The most famous march French Revolution(1789-1794) written in 1792 by Rouget de Lisle was originally called “Military March of the Army of the Rhine”. After a battalion of volunteers from Marseille entered Paris in June 1792, singing this march, he got his famous name"Marseillaise". A year later it was chosen as the official anthem of France.

The most famous marches given in this article are only a small part brilliant creations different eras, since march is a very multifaceted and expressive musical genre. Marches can be completely different in style:

Military drill.
Solemn.
Mourning.
Sports.
Fairy.

Such diversity naturally cannot go unnoticed by great composers. Marches can be found in major works by M. Glinka, L. Beethoven, P. Tchaikovsky, M. Mussorgsky and many others brilliant composers.

Perhaps the most popular march in the world is Mendelssohn's Wedding March. Listen to lift your spirits full version march:

Traditionally sounded on football matches in the USSR, and also sounds at matches of the Russian Championship, Ukrainian Championship and other football tournaments in the territory of the former USSR.

Written by Blanter at the request of the famous sports radio commentator Vadim Sinyavsky. The first to hear the melody were composer Dmitry Shostakovich and his son Maxim, future pianist and conductor.

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An excerpt characterizing the Football March

People of this former army they fled with their leaders without knowing where, wanting (Napoleon and each soldier) only one thing: to personally extricate themselves as quickly as possible from that hopeless situation, which, although unclear, they were all aware of.
That is why, at the council in Maloyaroslavets, when, pretending that they, the generals, were conferring, presenting different opinions, the last opinion of the simple-minded soldier Mouton, who said what everyone thought, that it was only necessary to leave as soon as possible, closed all their mouths, and no one , even Napoleon, could not say anything against this universally recognized truth.
But although everyone knew that they had to leave, there was still the shame of knowing that they had to run. And an external push was needed that would overcome this shame. And this impulse came to right time. This was what the French called le Hourra de l'Empereur [imperial cheer].
The next day after the council, Napoleon, early in the morning, pretending that he wanted to inspect the troops and the field of the past and future battle, with a retinue of marshals and a convoy, rode along the middle of the line of troops. The Cossacks, snooping around the prey, came across the emperor himself and almost caught him. If the Cossacks did not catch Napoleon this time, then what saved him was the same thing that was destroying the French: the prey that the Cossacks rushed to, both in Tarutino and here, abandoning people. They, not paying attention to Napoleon, rushed to the prey, and Napoleon managed to escape.
When les enfants du Don [the sons of the Don] could catch the emperor himself in the middle of his army, it was clear that there was nothing more to do but run as quickly as possible along the nearest familiar road. Napoleon, with his forty-year-old belly, no longer feeling the same agility and courage in himself, understood this hint. And under the influence of the fear that he gained from the Cossacks, he immediately agreed with Mouton and gave, as historians say, the order to retreat back to the Smolensk road.
The fact that Napoleon agreed with Mouton and that the troops went back does not prove that he ordered this, but that the forces that acted on the entire army, in the sense of directing it along the Mozhaisk road, simultaneously acted on Napoleon.