Barcarolle (from Italian barka - “boat”) is a folk song of Venetian gondoliers or a work written in the style of this song.
Barcarolle was born in a wonderful Italian city Venice. Built on
numerous islands, Venice has almost no streets. Instead of them
the city is cut through by canals. The doors of the houses open straight into the canals, towards the steps
long black boats - gondolas - are tied. In such boats, silently
sliding along the endless ribbons of canals, and barcarolles were born - songs
gondolier boatmen. These songs are smooth and melodious, accompanied by -
measured swaying in a peculiar rhythm, as if from attacking one after another
another wave.
These songs are unusual, how unusual
and the boatmen who perform them.
Composers fell in love with the soft song rhythm of the barcarolle (sometimes called
gondolier), and after the Venetian folk songs appeared
barcarolles created by composers different countries, vocal barcarolles and
piano
The heyday of this musical form occurred in the era of romanticism. It is reflected in the works of Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, as well as in the operas of Offenbach, Rossini, Weber, Rimsky-Korsakov and in the works of other composers. Schubert used the barcarolle form for several of his songs.
Schubert. Sl. Shtolberg - Spanish M. Gryaznova, N. Smirnova
Smoothly, like a swan, through the transparent moisture,
Quietly rocking, our shuttle floats,
Oh, when the heart is light and calm,
There is no trace of past worries in him.
In the sunset sky the rays are burning out...
The shuttle is covered in pink glitter.
Hour after hour passes unnoticed...
Then we glide along the mirror of water...
The heart is like waves, light and calm,
There is not a shadow of past worries in him...
Oh, is it really on misty wings
Morning will bring them with it again!
Offenbach - Tales of Hoffmann. Barcarolle
Mendelssohn - Song of the Venetian Gondoliers
Schubert - Barcarolle
Thomas Brooks
Tchaikovsky - Seasons. June. Barcarolle
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Barcarolle (Italian barcarola, from barca - boat) - an instrumental or vocal piece,
inspired by the songs of Venetian gondoliers; folk song of the Venetian gondoliers.
S. Dorofeev. Barcarolle.
Barcarolle is characterized by a moderate tempo and meter of 6/8 or 12/8, with accompaniment,
depicting the splash of waves outside the gondola.
The barcarolle melody is smooth and is often accompanied by elements
musical imagery.
The character of the barcarolle is lyrical, often with a tinge of melancholy or light dreaminess.
The talk of the carnival has died down,
Dew fell on the fields,
The month silvers the earth,
Everything is calm, the sea is sleeping.
The waves nurse the gondola...
“Sing, signora, a barcarolle!
Down with the black mask,
Hold me and sing!..”
“No, sir, I won’t take off my mask,
No time for songs, no time for affection:
I had an ominous dream,
He weighs on my heart."
“I had a dream, what is it?
Don’t believe your dreams, everything is empty;
Here's a guitar, don't be sad
Sing, play and kiss!..”
“No, sir, there’s no time for the guitar:
I dreamed that my husband was old
At night I quietly got up from my bed,
Quietly went out to the channel,
He wrapped his stiletto in the floor
And into a closed gondola -
Look like this one, there in the distance -
Six dumb oarsmen entered..."
Lev May.
I.K. Aivazovsky. Gondolier on the sea at night
In the 18th century, barcarolle became a genre of professional music. Particularly widespread
in the 19th century. Such barcarolles sometimes lack some typical signs of folk
barcarolles (for example, the major scale is used, size 12/8, 3/4).
This musical form flourished during the Romantic era.
Barcarolle as a chamber genre vocal music represented in the works of F. Schubert (“Barcarolle”,
“The Love Happiness of a Fisherman”), F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, M. I. Glinka (“The Blues Fell Asleep”). Available
and choral barcarolles - by F. Schubert (“The Gondolier”), J. Brahms (in “Twenty Romances and Songs
For women's choir", op. 44).
Many barcarolles are written for piano. Of these, the barcarolle op. 60 F.
Chopin is a play that approaches the genre of a poem. Barcarolles for piano were also written
F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (pieces from “Songs without Words”, op. 19 No. 6, op. 30 No. 6, op. 62 No. 5),
P. I. Tchaikovsky (barcarolle from The Four Seasons), A. K. Lyadov (op. 44), S. V. Rachmaninov
(op. 10 No. 3, for piano 4 hands - op. 11 No. 1, for 2 pianos - op. 5 No. 1),
G. Faure (13 barcarolles), B. Bartok.
Some barcarolles are based on genuine folk melodies. For example, “The Gondolier” by F. Liszt from
piano cycle "Venice and Naples" based on a melody published in Italian
composer Porukini folk barcarolle, which L. Beethoven had previously processed in his
"24 songs different nations».
Claude Monet. Gondola.
The surface of the seas is reflected,
Rich Venice has fallen asleep,
The damp fog smoked and the moon
The high strongholds have been honed.
The running of a distant sail is barely visible,
Cold evening wave
The waters barely make noise with the oars of the gondola
And repeats the sounds of barcarolle.
It seems to me that this is the groan of the night,
How we, dissatisfied with our peace,
But again the song! and the guitars are ringing again!
Oh, be afraid, husbands, of this free song.
I advise, although it hurts me,
Do not let your beautiful women go;
But if you yourself are unfaithful at this moment,
Then, friends! May there be peace between you!
And peace be with you, beautiful Chichizbey,
And peace be with you, crafty Melina.
Ride along at the whim of the seas,
Love often protects the abyss;
Although fate reigns over the sea,
The eternal persecutor of happy people,
But the talisman of the desert kiss
Leads the hearts away with dark dreams.
Hand with hand, giving freedom to the eyes,
They sit in the boat and whisper among themselves;
She entrusts the monthly rays
Young breast with a captivating hand,
Hitherto covered under the epanchoa,
To press the young man more tightly to his lips;
Meanwhile, in the distance, now sad, now cheerful,
The sound of an ordinary barcarolle was heard:
Like a breeze in the distant sea,
My shuttle is always free;
Like a fast flowing river,
My oar never gets tired.
The gondola glides on the water,
And time flies in love;
The water will become equal again,
Passion will never be resurrected.
Mikhail Lermontov.
Beginning with the opera “Feast of Venice” by A. Campra (1710), the barcarolle was used in operas
mainly Italian and French composers - G. Paisiello, L. J. F. Herold
(“Zampa”), F. Obera (“The Mute of Portici”, “Fra Diavolo”, etc.), G. Rossini (“William Tell”,
“Othello”), J. Offenbach (“The Tales of Hoffmann”). The widely known barcarolle written
Rimsky-Korsakov (“Song of the Vedenetsky Guest”) for the opera “Sadko”. In ancient times in Rus', Venice
was called Vedenets, and for the Venetian merchant - Vedenets guest - the composer composed an aria
in the rhythm and character of the Venetian folk song - barcarolles.
In the 20th century, barcarolles were written by Francis Poulenc, George Gershwin “Dance of the Waves,” and Leonard Bernstein.
Richard Johnson. Golden Channel.
You are with me.
You don't need more happiness.
Melancholy will pass me by.
With a quiet splash on the granite fence
The river breaks the silver trail.
Two fragments
There's a twinkle in your eyes.
Love swaddles us with soft silk.
Floats unnoticed with the current
Everything that turns our blood into water.
Barcarolle - Rahm Brown.
A barcarolle is also sometimes called a gondolier.
Pierre Auguste Renoir. Gondola on the Grand Canal in Venice.
The Italian word "barka" means boat. A derivative of it is the barcarolle - the boatman's song. Perhaps someone will be surprised: why should the songs sung by boatmen be given a special name! After all, they can sing the same thing as everyone else... But they can’t. These songs are unusual, as are the boatmen who perform them. was born in the wonderful Italian city of Venice. Built on numerous islands, Venice has almost no streets. Instead, the city is cut through by canals. The doors of the houses open directly into the canals, and long black boats - gondolas - are tied to the steps. In such boats, silently gliding along the endless ribbons of canals, barcarolles were born - songs of gondolier boatmen. These songs are smooth and melodious, accompanied by measured swaying in a peculiar rhythm, as if from waves rolling in one after another.
Composers fell in love with the soft song rhythm of the barcarolle (sometimes called a gondolier), and after the Venetian folk songs, barcarolles appeared, created by composers from different countries, vocal and piano barcarolles. In Mendelssohn we find Barcarolle in his “Songs without Words”, in Tchaikovsky - in the collection “The Seasons”, this is the play “June”. Barcarolles were written by Glinka, Chopin, Rachmaninov, Lyadov. And of the vocal barcarolles, the most famous and most unusual was written by Rimsky-Korsakov. This is “Song of the Vedenetsky Guest” in the opera “Sadko”. In the old days in Rus', Venice was called Vedenets, and for the Venetian merchant - the Vedenets guest - the composer composed an aria in the rhythm and character of a Venetian folk song, barcarolle.
View value Barcarolle in other dictionaries
Barcarolle- barcarolles, w. (Italian barcarola) (music). A type of musical or vocal work of a melodic nature at a slow tempo. (After the names of the songs of Venetian gondoliers.)
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
Barcarolle J.— 1. Song of the Venetian gondoliers. 2. A vocal or instrumental work of a lyrical nature in the style of such a song.
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
Barcarolle- -s; and. [ital. barcarola from barca - boat].
1. Song of the Venetian gondoliers.
2. An instrumental or vocal work of a lyrical nature in the style of such a song.
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary
Barcarolle- (Italian barcarola - from barca - boat), song of the Venetian gondoliers; The soft, swinging movement of the melody and lyrical character are typical. Many composers have created vocal........
Big encyclopedic Dictionary
Barcarolle— - song of the Venetian gondoliers.
Historical Dictionary
“The icy evening wave barely makes noise under the oars of the gondola and repeats the sounds of the barcarolle” - these lines are heard in the poem “Venice” by Lermontov. But what is barcarolle? Not everyone knows about this, although they have probably heard beautiful, smooth melodies, as if swaying on the waves. One of bright examples is the old Neapolitan song "Santa Lucia", loved by many.
Origin of the word
This genre was born in the most romantic city of Italy - Venice. "Barka" is translated as "boat". The verb "rollar" in Italian means "to rock, to sway." Thus, barcarolle is a “rocking boat” literally translated. Another name for the genre is “song on the water”, “gondoliera” (from the Venetian “gondolier” - boatman).
History of origin
Venice is a unique city built on 118 islands in the Adriatic Sea. There are practically no roads or streets that are familiar to us. Leaving the door of the house, you find yourself on the shore, and get to the right place only possible by water. Numerous canals cut the city lengthwise and crosswise. Long rowing barges - gondolas - glide along them. Since the emergence of Venice, they have been managed by professional boatmen - gondoliers.
While carrying passengers, rowers traditionally sang melodic, measured songs. Thus, barcarolle is folk genre, the ancestors of which were the Venetian gondoliers. Their singing could have words. The plot of the barcarolles described the everyday life and aspirations of a simple boatman. Sometimes the performer simply sang the vowels beautifully. The slow, smooth melody imitated the rhythm of the waves rocking the boat. The voice carried over a long distance. For gondoliers gifted with singing abilities, this became additional income.
Character traits
Venice has been famous since the 17th century opera houses and great voices. During the season, not only art connoisseurs, but also great composers came here. Many of them were fascinated by the local color and the romantic serenades of the gondoliers. Since the 18th century, barcarolles begin to appear in musical dictionaries. A definition of this genre is being formed.
The meaning of the word "barcarolle" has remained unchanged since then. This is a song performed in a non-standard time signature - 6/8. This rhythm is reminiscent of rhythmically rolling waves, the blows of oars on the water. The character of the music is minor and lyrical. The songs contain notes of dreaminess and light sadness.
Starting from the 18th century, in addition to folk barcarolles, professional ones began to appear. Many composers have tried themselves in this genre. Sometimes they neglected some characteristic features. This is how barcarolles appeared using major scale. There is also a violation of size. It can be 12/8, 3/4, etc.
Professional barcarolles
The heyday of the form was observed in the era of romanticism with its interest in folk, original color. At this time, vocal and instrumental barcarolles were created. The first include works by Mendelssohn-Bartholdy and Schubert ("The Fisherman's Luck of Love", "Barcarolle"). Russian composer Glinka also tried his hand at this genre. This is how the work “The Blues Fell Asleep” was created, the poems for which were written by N. Kukolnik. Brahms and Schubert have gondoliers for choirs.
What is an instrumental barcarolle? This is a very gentle and romantic melody, as if rocking us on smooth waves, sometimes giving way to swell. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Bartok, and Fauré worked in this genre. Among the Russian composers, piano barcarolles were composed by Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, and Lyadov. Particularly inspired was Chopin's work, which was close to Krasiński's poem "Dawn". In Barcarolle op. 60 of the great composer, one can hear kisses, passionate confessions, the whispers of lovers against the backdrop of nature and the splash of water.
Professional barcarolles also contain genuine folk music. Published melodies of gondoliers Italian composer Porukini. These motifs formed the basis for the works of Beethoven ("24 Songs of Different Nations") and Liszt ("The Gondolier" from the cycle "Venice and Naples").
Songs of Venetian gondoliers in opera
What is a barcarolle in opera? This is a vocal number performed at a characteristic tempo and associated with Venetian theme. The gondolier was first performed in the opera-ballet “The Carnival of Venice” by the Frenchman Andre Campra. This happened in 1710. Since then, many Italian and French composers have resorted to the barcarolle genre, including them in their operas. Examples include Giovanni Paisiello, Ferdinand Herold, and Daniel Ober.
The “song on the water” also sounds in the famous operas “Othello” and “William Tell” by Rossini. Jacques Offenbach included the barcarolle in The Tales of Hoffmann. This is one of the most famous melodies. A sensual duet written for two women's voices, creates a feeling of impending disaster. Rimsky-Korsakov also put the barcarolle into the mouth of the Vedenets guest in his opera "Sadko". Venice was called Vedenets in Rus'. The song paints an image of a distant city, where gentle warm winds blow, waves splash and love serenades sound.
So what is barcarolle? This is a soft rhythm, reminiscent of rolling waves, a romantic mood, a special peace. Listening to the barcarolle, we are transported to the world of winding canals, black gondolas, colorful gondoliers and melodies scattering over the water surface.
Municipal budget educational institution average comprehensive school №2
urban district of Bor
RESEARCH in music
Subject.
Barcarolle.
Boatman's song or music on the water?
Let's find out!
Supervisor:
Marina Vladimirovna Chistotkina - music teacher
The work was completed by:
Malakhova Ekaterina - student 4 "Z", MBOU secondary school No. 2
Potapova Evgenia - student 4 "Z", MBOU secondary school No. 2
Bor
year 2014
Goal and objectives of the project…………………….………………………………………….3
Research plan..……………………………………………………………...…3
Studying the barcarolle genre and the ability to find the features and characteristics of the genre in classical music…………………………………………………………………………………...6
Conclusions………..………………………………………………………………………………....... 7
New knowledge……………………………………..……………………………..8
Interesting Facts about composers..…….……………………………………………………….....9
Literature………………………….……………………………………………………………11
Applications…………………………………………………………………………………12
Glossary of new terms……………………………………………………..13
Photos and diagrams……………………………………………...14
Objective of the project
Studying the barcarolle genre and the ability to find features (signs) of the genre in classical music.
Project objectives
Search for information about the barcarolle genre.
Study of the signs and traits of Barcarolle.
Conduct research on which Russian composers wrote barcarolles, and whether they had been to Italy (Venice) before.
Expand your horizons and expand your vocabulary.
Conduct a survey among students in your class
II. Research methods and tools
Analysis.
Comparison (observation).
Conversation, questioning.
Work with computer.
III. Study Execution Plan
Proposing a hypothesis.
Questioning.
Selection and study additional materials on the topic of the project.
Summing up the results of the study.
Conclusions.
Project design.
Object of study - barcarolle genre
While studying the topic “Years of Wandering” in a music lesson, we encountered an interesting romance by Glinka - barcarolle “Venice Night” and Tchaikovsky’s play “June.Barcarolle”.
Barcarolle (from Italian barka - boat) - a song of a boatman, rower; musical genre in Venice.
Barcarolle is the song of a Venetian gondolier.
Why should the songs sung by boatmen be given a special name? What is this connected with? Which Russian composer wrote barcarolles? Is this related to visiting Venice?
Barcarolle was born in the wonderful Italian city of Venice. Built on numerous islands, Venice has almost no streets. Instead, the city is cut through by canals. The doors of the houses open directly into the canals, and long black boats - gondolas - are tied to the steps. In such boats, silently gliding along the endless ribbons of canals, barcarolles were born - songs of gondolier boatmen. These songs are smooth and melodious, accompanied by measured swaying in a peculiar rhythm, as if from waves rolling in one after another.
In professional music, the barcarolle appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, first in opera, later as independent work for voice, choir, piano.
Hypothesis : We believe that all Russian composers who wrote famous barcarolles visited Italy. Studying the work of famous Russian composers, we assumed that Russian composers often traveled abroad to Italy and in particular to Venice.
We conducted a survey of class students. The results are shown in the diagram in Appendix No. 1.
We concluded that most of the guys had heard about Venice - a city on the water. What did they learn after the lesson and can say what genre of music Venice is known for.
But they don’t know which of the Russian composers wrote barcarolles and what features of this genre they have.
Therefore, we decided to work on this topic. And to introduce the results of our research not only to the students of our class, but also to everyone, especially since there was a week of music ahead of us.
IV. Studying the barcarolle genre and the ability to find features of the genre in classical music.
Composers fell in love with the soft song rhythm of the barcarolle (sometimes called the Gondoliera), and after the Venetian folk songs, barcarolles appeared, created by composers from different countries, vocal and piano barcarolles. In Tchaikovsky's collection "The Seasons", this is the play "June". Barcarolles were written by Glinka, Rachmaninov, Lyadov. And of the vocal barcarolles, the most famous and most unusual was written by Rimsky-Korsakov. This is "Song of the Vedenetsky Guest" in the opera "Sadko". In the old days in Rus', Venice was called Vedenets, and for the Venetian merchant - the Vedenets guest - the composer composed an aria in the rhythm and character of a Venetian folk song, barcarolle.
Oh, this Italy! Sitting on the balcony on a warm night in Milan, “admiring the huge white-stone cathedral and inhaling the aroma of the night” (from Glinka’s letter), Mikhail Ivanovich thought about how all this could be expressed in music.
This is how the romance “Venice Night” was born and the Venetian barcarolle became St. Petersburg.
As a result of the search, we identified which of the Russian composers wrote barcarolles. And they identified the main features of this genre. So: this is Glinka, who wrote the vocal barcarolle, Rimsky - Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Lyadov and Rachmaninov - the instrumental barcarolle.
Rimsky-Korsakov, after graduating from the Naval Corps, circumnavigated the world on a military training clipper: Almaz. Subsequently, “Sea” impressions will be reflected in his works and in particular in the opera “Sadko”.
Rachmaninov emigrated to the United States of America and lived there until the end of his days, but never visited Venice.
Lyadov’s entire life is connected with St. Petersburg; he has never been to Venice.
V . conclusions :
Having analyzed the biographies of Russian composers, we came to the conclusion that Italy is very musical country. She always attracted creative people– composers, poets, artists. Almost all famous composers We visited Italy, but the Russian composers were Glinka and Tchaikovsky. And everyone took away from there not only enthusiastic impressions, but also the themes of the melodies they heard written down in notebooks. folk songs. Then, like musical souvenirs, plays emerged from them and became very popular. The same regularity of rhythm and smooth melody, as if dissolving over water.
So, as a result of comparing vocal and instrumental ballads, we came to the conclusion that the smooth, gentle melody, leisurely movement - everything resembles a song; we seem to hear a thoughtful human voice, full of bright dreaminess and peace.
What the works have in common is a soft, swinging rhythm, a lyrical melody - common features of these works, ease of accompaniment, monotonous rhythm, swaying, smooth, calm melody.
We talked about this country, listening to the music of Russian composers. Analyzing the melodies, we became convinced that there are no boundaries for music. The main thing is to convey your vision of a world in which beauty lives everywhere. The boatman's song smoothly and calmly became music on the water.
VI.New knowledge
While working on the project, we learned that the history of us in Russia is a city in which the rivers and canals are full of sadness, especially in the moonless shine of the nights...
It is no coincidence that the city was romantically called the “Venice of the north.”
– What city are we talking about?
– This is St. Petersburg. With its fogs, bridges that open at night and light sadness.
Here in St. Petersburg, in this “Venice of the North,” barcarolles could not help but sound.
The spring night was breathing
Light southern beauty,
Quietly Brenta swam by
Silvered by the moon...
VII. Interesting Facts
M. I. Glinka, enchanted by the beauty of Venice, wrote the romance Venice Night.
The spring night was breathing
Light southern beauty;
Quietly Brenta flowed,
Silvered by the moon;
Reflected by a fiery wave
The shine of transparent clouds,
And fragrant steam rises
From the green shores.
Azure vault, languid murmur
Slightly crushed waves
Pomeranians, myrtle whispers
And the loving light of the moon,
Intoxication of aroma
And flowers and fresh herbs,
And in the distance the chant of Torquatus
Harmonic octaves -
Everything secretly pours joy,
The senses dream of a wonderful world,
The heart beats, youth rushes
There is a spring feast on love;
Gondolas glide across the waters,
Sparks splash under the oar,
The sounds of a gentle barcarolle
There is a light breeze.
These lines in early XIX century was written by the Russian poet Ivan Kozlov. The most amazing thing is that he wrote these lines while being completely blind, completely motionless, bedridden. But in his imagination, this “dear blind man,” as Pushkin called him, flew away to where:
Everything secretly pours joy,
The senses dream of a wonderful world,
Heart beats
While working on the project, we gained a lot of new knowledge that we can put into practice. Learned to recognize, hear in musical works features of such beautiful genre like a barcarolle. We learned about interesting cities, both in Italy and in Russia. And they realized that beauty can motivate a person to be creative.
Literature
1. Musical encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow, " Soviet encyclopedia" 1991
2. Schoolchild’s dictionary “Fine art and music”. Moscow, Sovremennik. 1997.
3. Cycle “Biographies of Composers” (“ TVNZ", 1998):
Glinka, T.2
Rimsky – Korsakov, T.6
Tchaikovsky, T.1
Lyadov volume 12
Rachmaninov volume 1
4. “Where the music lives.” A. Klenov Moscow. "Pedagogy-Press" 1994
5. www. en.wikipedia.org
6. www.historystudies.org
7. www.bibliopskov.ru
8. www.erudit-menu.ru
9. www.edka.ru
10. www.glavrecept.ru
11. www.recipes.in.ua.
Appendix I
Glossary of new terms
Hypothesis(from ὑπόθεσις - “ground”, “assumption”) - an unproven statement, assumption or guess.
hypothesis subsequently or , turning it into established , or , transferring to the category statements.
An unproven and unrefuted hypothesis is called open problem.
Barcarolle(from IT.barka - boat) - a song of a boatman, rower; musical genre in Venice. Subsequently, this became the name for instrumental pieces and vocal works of a melodious nature, in the melody of which one can often discern the measured swaying of a boat and the splash of waves crashing against each other.
Gondola, Italian Góndola (Venetian gondola) is a traditional Venetian rowing boat. It is one of the symbols of Venice.
Historically, it was the main means of transportation along the city’s canals, and currently serves to entertain numerous tourists. According to historians, in the 18th century there were several thousand gondolas in Venice.
Licenses for this work can be inherited from father to son, as a result of which it is not easy for an outsider to become a gondolier.
Gondolier - male profession which requires great skill. It is usually inherited from father to son. There is no room for romanticism in this profession; it’s not for nothing that gondoliers even have special kind songs called barcarolle (from Italian barca - “boat”). In 2009, the first female licensed gondolier appeared in Venice.
Vedenets- In the old days, Venice was called that in Rus'.
Can you recognize the features of barcarolle in the music?
Do you know which Russian composer wrote barcarolles?
Appendix III
Mikhail Ivanovich GlinkaPeter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Nikolai Andreevich Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov
Rimsky-Korsakov
Rachmaninov Sergei Vasilievich Tchaikovsky P.I.
Seasons. Notes
Song of the Vedenetsky guest from the opera “Sadko”
Venice
Saint Petersburg