Glinka's childhood summary. Periods of life and creativity. Films about M. I. Glinka

08.04.2019

Pushkina V. N.

In 1804, on May 20, in the Smolensk province, a boy was born into the family of the landowner Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka, who was destined to become the founder of Russian classical music. From birth the child was weak and sickly. He spent his entire childhood surrounded by women. This influence naturally affected Glinka’s character, which was already very soft. Subsequently, the gentleness of his character often turned into weakness and helplessness in everyday affairs.

One of the boy's most vivid first musical impressions was church singing and bell ringing. On holidays, Misha was taken to church. Returning home, he filled copper basins and rang them for a long time, imitating church bells. At the age of seven, when the boy was in the city, he could unmistakably distinguish the bells of every church. The music made a stunning impression on little Glinka. Once during a drawing lesson, the teacher, noticing Misha’s absent-mindedness, asked him: “You’re probably still thinking about yesterday’s music.” “What should I do,” answered the dreamy boy, “music is my soul.” Misha was taught to play the violin by a serf violinist, and the piano by a governess. However, music lessons at home were far from perfect.

In 1817, Glinka's family moved to St. Petersburg. There, Mikhail was assigned to the Noble boarding school at the Pedagogical Institute. IN student years Glinka often visited the theater, being interested in ballet and opera. During the summer holidays, he practiced conducting with his uncle's serf orchestra.

After graduating from the boarding school, Glinka received the position of assistant secretary in the office of the Railways Council. The service did not burden the composer, and he continued to focus on the main business of his life - music. Soon, due to a conflict with his superiors, Glinka was forced to resign, but this event did not upset the composer at all. By that time, his works had already been published, he was widely known in St. Petersburg as a composer and moved in the highest St. Petersburg society (gr. M. Yu. Vielgorsky, Tolstoy, Shterich, princes Golitsyn). The composer’s early years passed so cloudlessly. It seemed that the brightest future awaited him ahead. The only thing that darkened his life during these years was illness. We do not have reliable information about what Glinka’s actual illness was, just as the doctors who treated the composer did not have it. After doctors' futile attempts to improve Glinka's health, he is sent abroad.

In 1830, the composer left for Italy. Living in Milan, Glinka admires Italian music. During this period they wrote large number arias in the Italian style. But soon the first impressions began to lose their charm. Glinka concluded that for all the attractiveness of Italian music, it lacks depth. In the end, the composer was overcome by a feeling of longing for Russia and Russian art. So, far from his homeland, Glinka had the idea of creating Russian national music.

In 1834, Mikhail Ivanovich returned to St. Petersburg and enthusiastically began composing an opera about the patriotic feat of the Russian people in the image of Ivan Susanin. The plot was suggested to the composer by the poet Zhukovsky. The opera “A Life for the Tsar” was enthusiastically received by the public and strengthened the composer’s fame.

In 1837, Glinka was appointed conductor in the court Singing Chapel (Today, the St. Petersburg Chapel bears the name of this great composer.) Glinka is at the peak of his creativity. But his life is overshadowed by an unsuccessful marriage.

The discord with his wife had a depressing effect on the composer’s vulnerable soul, and ultimately led to a public divorce, which had a very bad effect on Glinka’s reputation. The composer escapes from all life’s experiences by working on the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.

Work on this work went on for five years. However, everyone to whom he showed the opera did not like the opera. Glinka was disappointed, he said bitterly: “From “Ruslan” I could make ten operas like “Life for the Tsar.” The production of the opera turned out to be very weak. The following season, the opera was completely removed from the theater’s repertoire. Under such sad circumstances, the composer left Russia.

This time Glinka leaves for France and Spain. In Paris, Mikhail Ivanovich meets the famous French composer Hector Berlioz.

In 1857, Glinka caught a cold. The disease developed very quickly, and on February 3 the composer died in Berlin. His ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Biography

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka born June 1 (May 20, old style) 1804, in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province, in a family of Smolensk landowners I. N. and E. A. Glinok(former second cousins and sister). Primary education received at home. Listening to the singing of serfs and the ringing of the bells of the local church, he early showed a craving for music. Misha was fond of playing an orchestra of serf musicians on his uncle’s estate, Afanasy Andreevich Glinka. Music classes- playing the violin and piano - began quite late (in 1815-1816) and were of an amateur nature. However, music had such a strong influence on Glinka that once, in response to a remark about absent-mindedness, he remarked: “What should I do?... Music is my soul!”.

In 1818 Mikhail Ivanovich entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 it was renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with his younger brother Alexandra Pushkina- Lev, then I met the poet himself, who “he visited his brother at our boarding house”. Governor Glinka was a Russian poet and Decembrist Wilhelm Karlovich Kuchelbecker, who taught Russian literature at the boarding school. In parallel with studies Glinka took piano lessons (first from English composer John Field, and after his departure to Moscow - from his students Oman, Zeiner and Sh. Mayr- a fairly famous musician). He graduated from the boarding school in 1822 as the second student. On the day of graduation, he successfully played a piano concert in public. Johann Nepomuk Hummel(Austrian musician, pianist, composer, author of concerts for piano and orchestra, chamber instrumental ensembles, sonatas).

After finishing the boarding school Mikhail Glinka did not immediately enter the service. In 1823 he went for treatment to the Caucasus mineral waters, then went to Novospasskoye, where sometimes “he managed his uncle’s orchestra himself, playing the violin”, then began composing orchestral music. In 1824 he was enlisted as assistant secretary of the Main Directorate of Railways (he resigned in June 1828). Romances occupied the main place in his work. Among the works of that time "Poor singer" based on poems by a Russian poet (1826), “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” for poetry Alexander Sergevich Pushkin(1828). One of the best romances early period- elegy to poetry Evgeny Abramovich Baratynsky "Don't tempt me unnecessarily"(1825). In 1829 Glinka and N. Pavlishchev from afar "Lyrical Album", where among the works of various authors there were plays Glinka.

In the spring of 1830 Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka went on a long trip abroad, the purpose of which was both treatment (on the waters of Germany and in the warm climate of Italy) and acquaintance with Western European art. After spending several months in Aachen and Frankfurt, he arrived in Milan, where he studied composition and vocals, visited theaters, and made trips to other Italian cities. In Italy, the composer met composers Vincenzo Bellini, Felix Mendelssohn and Hector Berlioz. Among the composer's experiments of those years (chamber instrumental works, romances), the romance stands out "Venice Night" based on the poet's poems Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov. Winter and spring 1834 M. Glinka spent in Berlin, devoting himself to serious studies in music theory and composition under the guidance of a famous scientist Siegfried Dena. It was then that he conceived the idea of creating a national Russian opera.

Returning to Russia, Mikhail Glinka settled in St. Petersburg. Attending evenings with the poet Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky, he met Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky, Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky etc. The composer was carried away by the idea presented Zhukovsky, write an opera based on a plot about Ivan Susanin, about whom he learned in his youth by reading "Duma" poet and Decembrist Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev. Premiere of the work, named at the insistence of the theater management "Life for the Tsar", January 27, 1836 became the birthday of the Russian heroic-patriotic opera. The performance was a great success, the royal family was present, and in the hall among many friends Glinka were Pushkin. Soon after the premiere Glinka was appointed head of the Court Choir.

In 1835 M.I. Glinka married his distant relative Marya Petrovna Ivanova. The marriage turned out to be extremely unsuccessful and darkened the composer’s life for many years. Spring and summer 1838 Glinka spent in Ukraine, selecting singers for the chapel. Among the newcomers was Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky- later not only a famous singer, but also a composer, author of a popular Ukrainian opera "Cossack beyond the Danube".

Upon returning to St. Petersburg Glinka often visited the brothers' house Platon and Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnikov, where a circle consisting mostly of people of art gathered. There was a marine painter there Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky both painter and draughtsman Karl Pavlovich Bryullov, who left many wonderful caricatures of members of the circle, including Glinka. For poetry N. Kukolnik Glinka wrote a cycle of romances "Farewell to St. Petersburg"(1840). Subsequently, he moved into the brothers' house due to the unbearable atmosphere at home.

Back in 1837 Mikhail Glinka had conversations with Alexander Pushkin about creating an opera based on the plot "Ruslana and Lyudmila". In 1838, work began on the composition, which premiered on November 27, 1842 in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that the royal family left the box before the end of the performance, leading cultural figures greeted the work with delight (although this time there was no consensus of opinion - due to the deeply innovative nature of the drama). At one of the performances "Ruslana" visited by Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor Franz Liszt, who rated not only this opera extremely highly Glinka, but also his role in Russian music in general.

In 1838 M. Glinka met Ekaterina Kern, the daughter of the heroine of the famous Pushkin poem, and dedicated his most inspired works to her: "Waltz Fantasy"(1839) and a marvelous romance based on poetry Pushkin "I remember wonderful moment» (1840).

Spring 1844 M.I. Glinka set off on a new trip abroad. After staying several days in Berlin, he stopped in Paris, where he met with Hector Berlioz, which included in his concert program several essays Glinka. The success that befell them gave the composer the idea of giving a charity concert in Paris from his own works, which was carried out on April 10, 1845. The concert was highly praised by the press.

In May 1845, Glinka went to Spain, where he stayed until mid-1847. Spanish impressions formed the basis of two brilliant orchestral pieces: « Aragonese Jota» (1845) and "Memories of a Summer Night in Madrid"(1848, 2nd edition - 1851). In 1848 the composer spent several months in Warsaw, where he wrote "Kamarinskaya"- a composition about which the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky noticed that in it, “like an oak in an acorn, all Russian symphonic music is contained”.

Winter 1851-1852 Glinka spent in St. Petersburg, where he became close to a group of young cultural figures, and in 1855 he met Mily Alekseevich Balakirev, who later became the head "New Russian School"(or "The Mighty Handful"), creatively developed the traditions laid down Glinka.

In 1852, the composer again went to Paris for several months, and from 1856 he lived in Berlin until his death.

"In many ways Glinka has the same meaning in Russian music as Pushkin in Russian poetry. Both are great talents, both are the founders of the new Russian artistic creativity, both created a new Russian language - one in poetry, the other in music", - so he wrote famous critic Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov.

In creativity Glinka two most important directions of Russian opera were defined: folk musical drama and fairy tale opera; he laid the foundations of Russian symphonism and became the first classic of Russian romance. All subsequent generations of Russian musicians considered him their teacher, and for many, the impetus for choosing musical career became an acquaintance with the works of the great master, the deeply moral content of which is combined with a perfect form.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died on February 3 (February 15, old style) 1857, in Berlin and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery. In May of the same year, his ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Mikhail Glinka's father was a retired captain - Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Their family descended from the gentry. The composer's mother is Evgenia Andreevna. Immediately after the birth of the boy, his grandmother, Fyokla Alexandrovna, took him. She worked so hard to raise the boy that already in childhood he became painfully touchy. By the age of six, Misha was completely removed from society, even from his own parents. In 1810, the grandmother dies, and the boy is returned to be raised by his family. Education Mikhail Glinka, short biography who is incredibly interesting, from an early age he was convinced that he would devote his life to music. The fate of the musician has been known since childhood. While still a small child, he studied violin and piano. The boy was taught all this by governess Varvara Klammer from St. Petersburg.

Brief biography of Glinka, the most important thing

Other biography options

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Interesting facts
- The birthplace of the great Russian composer is the small village of Novospasskoye in the Smolensk province. The large Glinka family lived there from the very time when their great-grandfather, a Polish nobleman, took the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar and continued to serve in the Russian army.
- see all interesting facts from Glinka's life
Biography test A short biography of Glinka will be remembered better if you pass this test: New tests Be among the first on the honor board Did you like the biography? Help the project - click on the button, tell your friends: Didn’t like it? — Write in the comments what is missing.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born on May 20, 1804. They say that at the birth of Mikhail, nightingales sang near his house all morning. There were no outstanding ancestors creative personalities, perhaps that is why no one, at first, gave much importance to this sign.

Attention

His father is a retired captain of the Russian army, Ivan Nikolaevich. The first years of the boy's life, his paternal grandmother was involved in his upbringing, who did not let his mother near him.

The grandmother was too kind to her grandson. The child grew up like a real “mimosa”. The room he was in was heavily heated, and he was allowed out for walks only in warm weather.

Already in early age little Misha reacted sensitively to folk fun and songs. Folklore made a great impression on the boy, which he cherished throughout his life.

These impressions and experiences will subsequently be reflected in the work of the great Russian composer.

Biography of Mikhail Glinka

Info

But he had to interrupt his studies (due to the death of his father) and return home. After returning to Russia, all the composer’s thoughts were occupied with music. He lives in St. Petersburg, attends poetry evenings with V.

Zhukovsky and dreams of composing his first opera. This idea haunted him even in early years. This is how the opera “Ivan Susanin” was born, the successful premiere of which took place at the Bolshoi Theater in 1836.

This date can safely be called the birthday of Russian patriotic opera. And already in 1842. The composer finished work on his second opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.

Important

But this work was less successful and was criticized. The not very successful premiere of the opera and a crisis in his personal life prompted the composer to embark on a new trip abroad. In 1845.

he settled in Paris, where he gave a charity concert of his works. Afterwards he went to Spain, where he lived until 1847.

Brief biography of Glinka

His dissatisfaction with the style required improvement, which the composer worked on meticulously. The 30s brought a move to Italy and a trip to the cities of Germany. Living on Italian soil, Glinka, whose brief biography reveals to us the essence of how the composer tries to create Italian operas, and he succeeds.

In 1833 he moved to Berlin, where he got a job. And upon receiving a letter about his father’s death, he leaves for his homeland. While in his native country, Mikhail Ivanovich had the idea to create a Russian opera. As evidenced by his painstaking work on the legend he chose to embody the idea.
The choice of hero in the legend fell on the popularly known Ivan Susanin. In the same year, Mikhail got married and moved to Novospasskoye, where he continued his work.
The result, the opera, “A Life for the Tsar,” appeared in 1836.

Brief biography of Mikhail Glinka

After Glinka graduated from the boarding school, everything was his free time he began to devote himself to music. It was during this time period that his first works were written. Also known fact is that the composer himself did not really like his early works. He constantly refined them to make them better. The heyday of this great man's work occurred in the period from 1822 to 1823.

It was in this time period that such compositions as “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily” and “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” were written. After this, the composer sets off on his trip to Europe, which gives a new round to his work. Upon returning to Russia, the composer wrote yet another great work.

Mikhail Glinka short biography

Mikhail Glinka brief biography Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804 - 1857) is a great Russian composer. Born on May 20, 1804 in Novospasskoye, Smolensk province.

Mikhail began playing the piano at the age of ten. Since 1817, he began to study at the Noble boarding school at the Pedagogical Institute of St. Petersburg. After graduating from boarding school, he devoted all his time to music and created his first compositions. As a true creator, Glinka does not fully like his works; he strives to expand everyday genre music. In 1822-1823, Glinka wrote well-known romances and songs: “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily” to the words of E. A. Baratynsky, “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” to the words of A. S. Pushkin and others. During these same years he met famous Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov and others. After traveling to the Caucasus, he goes to Italy and Germany.

M. and. Glinka. short biography of the composer

In 1833, Glinka went to Berlin. Along the way, he stopped briefly in Vienna. In Berlin, the composer intended to put his theoretical knowledge in music in order. He studied under the guidance of Z. Den. M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: returning to his homeland Glinka was forced to interrupt his studies in Berlin by the news of his father’s death. When Mikhail Ivanovich arrived in St. Petersburg, he began to often visit Zhukovsky. Writers and musicians gathered at the poet’s place every week. At one of the meetings, Glinka shared with Zhukovsky his desire to write a Russian opera for the first time. He approved of the composer's intentions and suggested taking the plot of Ivan Susanin. In 1835, Glinka married M.P. Ivanova. Happiness not only did not become an obstacle to creativity, but, on the contrary, spurred the composer’s activity. He wrote the opera “Ivan Susanin” (“Life for the Tsar”) quite quickly. In the autumn of 1836 its premiere had already taken place.

Brief biography of Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich

In particular, Dargomyzhsky and Tchaikovsky developed in their musical compositions his original ideas.

Glinka created the first Russian national opera, entitled “A Life for the Tsar,” which is based on a historical plot.
Thanks to the influence of the composer, a Russian vocal school was formed in St. Petersburg.

Interesting facts Glinka's biography is of interest to adults and children.

Not many people know that Fyokla Alexandrovna, Mikhail Glinka’s grandmother, his father’s mother, took the boy to be raised for a reason. A year before Misha was born, the family had a son who died in infancy.
The grandmother blamed the mother for this, and therefore, with the appearance of Misha, she took the child to her place. She had unbridled autocracy, and therefore no one dared to object to her - not her daughter-in-law, not even her own son.
Mikhail Ivanovich's first wife, Maria Petrovna, was uneducated.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

She was a huge success with the public and even with the emperor. M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: new works Even during Pushkin’s lifetime, the composer had the idea to write an opera based on the plot of his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.

It was ready in 1842. Soon the production took place, but the opera was less successful than “A Life for the Tsar.” It was not easy for the composer to survive criticism. Two years later he went on a trip to France and Spain.

New impressions returned creative inspiration to the composer. In 1845, he created the Aragonese Jota overture, which was a great success.

Three years later, “Night in Madrid” appeared. In a foreign land, the composer increasingly turned to Russian songs. On their basis, he wrote “Kamarinskaya”, which laid the foundation for the development symphonic music new type. Mikhail Glinka.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka short biography about the most important things

After Mikhail learned the first basics of art, he was sent to be raised in the St. Petersburg boarding school, which is located at the Pedagogical Institute. Wilhelm Kuchelbecker becomes his first tutor.

Glinka takes lessons from great music teachers, including John Field and Karl Zeiner. It is here that the future composer meets Alexander Pushkin.

Strong friendships are established between them, which last until the death of the great poet. The heyday of Glinka’s creativity, whose biography is full of many events, was fascinated by music from early years By the age of ten, he was already skilled with the piano and violin.

Music for Mikhail Glinka has been a calling from an early age. After graduating from the Noble Boarding School, he gives performances in salons and is actively engaged in self-education, studying the history and features of Western European music.

Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich

Great Russian composer, founder of Russian classical music.

Biography

Children's and teenage years

M.I. Glinka was born on May 20 (June 1), 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, near Yelnya, Smolensk province, on the estate of his father, a retired captain, Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. A sickly and weak child, he was raised by his grandmother (on his father's side), a tough and powerful woman, a terror to the serfs and his loved ones. He received his primary education at home. Musical lessons with a governess, Varvara Fedorovna Klamer, invited from St. Petersburg, playing the violin and piano, began quite late (1815-1816) and were of an amateur nature. Musical ability At this time they expressed their “passion” for bell ringing; Glinka was able to deftly imitate bell ringers on copper basins.

At the beginning of 1817, Glinka was taken to St. Petersburg, where he was placed in the newly opened Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute. This guesthouse was privileged educational institution for children of nobles. In the year the Noble boarding school opened, Lev Pushkin, the poet’s younger brother, entered there. He was a year younger than Glinka, and they met and became friends.

At the same time, Glinka met the poet himself, who “came to visit his brother at our boarding house.” In parallel with his studies, Glinka took piano lessons. He studied music with the best St. Petersburg teachers of that time: violinist Franz Böhm, pianist John Field, Charles Mayer. He began to learn singing from the Italian Todi M. Glinka. At the beginning of the summer of 1822, Glinka was released from the boarding school, turning out to be one of the best students. On the day of graduation, he and his teacher Mayer successfully played Hummel's piano concerto in public.

Creative years

Glinka's first experience in composing music dates back to 1822, the time he graduated from boarding school. These were variations for harp or piano on a theme from the then fashionable opera by the Austrian composer Weigl, “The Swiss Family.” From that moment on, continuing to improve in playing the piano, Glinka paid more and more attention to composition and soon was composing an enormous amount, trying his hand at the most different genres. For a long time he remains dissatisfied with his work. But it was during this period that well-known romances and songs were written: “Do not tempt me unnecessarily” to the words of E.A. Baratynsky, “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” to the words of A.S. Pushkin and others.

At the beginning of March 1823, Glinka went to the Caucasus, to mineral waters, but this treatment did not improve his poor health. In September he returned to Novospasskoye and took up music with new zeal. He studied music a lot and stayed in the village until April 1824, and then left for St. Petersburg and entered the service of the Ministry of Railways (1824-1828). But since his service took him away from his music studies, Glinka soon retired. Gradually, Glinka’s circle of acquaintances in St. Petersburg goes beyond social relations. He meets Zhukovsky, Griboyedov, Mitskevich, Delvig, Odoevsky. In April 1830, deteriorating health forced Glinka to go to Germany and Italy for treatment.

After spending several months in Aachen and Frankfurt, he arrived in Milan, where he studied composition and vocals, visited theaters, and made trips to other Italian cities. In Italy, Glinka studied bel canto and Italian opera, met Bellini and Donizetti. After living in Italy for about 4 years, Glinka went to Germany in July 1833. There he met the talented German theorist Siegfried Dehn and took lessons from him for several months. Abroad, Glinka wrote several bright romances: “Venice Night”, “Winner”, etc. At the same time, he conceived the idea of creating a national Russian opera.

In 1834, he began working on the opera “Ivan Susanin,” the plot of which was suggested to Glinka by Zhukovsky. Glinka's studies in Berlin were interrupted by the news of his father's death. Glinka immediately leaves for Russia. The trip abroad ended unexpectedly, but he basically managed to carry out his plans. Returning to his homeland, Glinka began composing a Russian opera. Neither family losses (the death of his father, and later his brother), nor acquaintances and amorous adventures (like the story with the German Louise), nor matchmaking and marriage could interfere with this work.

(In April 1835, Glinka got married; his chosen one turned out to be Marya Petrovna Ivanova, a pretty girl, his distant relative. But this marriage turned out to be extremely unsuccessful and darkened the composer’s life for many years).

The opera progressed quickly, but it was difficult to achieve its production on the stage of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater It turned out to be no easy task. Director of the Imperial Theaters A.M. Gedeonov with great persistence prevented the acceptance of the new opera for production. Apparently, trying to protect himself from any surprises, he gave it to the conductor Kavos, who was the author of an opera on the same plot, for trial. However, Kavos gave Glinka's work the most flattering review and removed his own opera from the repertoire. Thus, “Ivan Susanin” was accepted for production, but Glinka was obliged not to demand remuneration for the opera.

The premiere of the opera "A Life for the Tsar" (in subsequent productions - "Ivan Susanin") took place on November 27, 1836. The success was huge. Glinka wrote to his mother the next day: “Yesterday evening my wishes were finally fulfilled, and my long labor was crowned with the most brilliant success. The public received my opera with extraordinary enthusiasm, the actors went wild with zeal... the Emperor... thanked me and talked with me for a long time..."

"A Life for the Tsar" was followed in 1837 by the brilliant "Night View" and the musically excellent "Cherubimskaya", written for the St. Petersburg Court Chapel, where Glinka, after the brilliant success of his first opera, received the position of bandmaster (1837-1840). Back in 1837, Glinka had conversations with Pushkin about creating an opera based on the plot of “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. In 1838, work began on the composition; the composer dreamed that Pushkin himself would write a libretto for it, but the poet’s premature death prevented this. The opera was created at a difficult time for Glinka. He divorced his wife, and in November 1839, exhausted by domestic troubles, gossip and tedious service in the Court Chapel, Glinka submitted his resignation to the director; in December of the same year, Glinka was fired.

In 1838, Glinka met Ekaterina Kern, the daughter of the heroine of Pushkin’s famous poem, and dedicated his most inspired works to her: “Waltz-Fantasy” (1839) and a romance based on Pushkin’s poems “I Remember a Wonderful Moment” (1840).

In the spring of 1842, Glinka completed work on his second opera, “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” which lasted more than five years. Its first performance took place on November 27, 1842, to the same day, 6 years after the premiere of Ivan Susanin. However, Glinka's new opera, in comparison with Ivan Susanin, aroused stronger criticism. Royal family left the box before the end of the premiere performance, and soon the opera was completely removed from the stage; "Ivan Susanin" was also rarely staged. The composer takes this hard. In mid-1844, he took another long trip abroad - this time to France and Spain. Soon, bright and varied impressions return Glinka to a high vitality. In 1845, he wrote the concert overture “Aragonese Jota”, and having returned to Russia (1848), Glinka wrote another overture “Night in Madrid” (1851), at the same time the symphonic fantasy “Kamarinskaya” was composed on the theme of Russian songs.

In May 1851, the composer's mother, E.A., died. Glinka. The news he received shocked the composer so much that he lost consciousness. right hand. My mother was the closest person, and it turned out to be difficult to live without her. Glinka was not yet fifty, and his physical strength was weakening. In 1852, Glinka hoped to improve her health in Spain, but upon reaching Paris she stayed there for two years. Recent years During his life, Glinka lived alternately in St. Petersburg, then in Warsaw, Paris, and from 1856 - in Berlin. It was full creative plans, but did not have enough strength to complete the planned works. Glinka grew weaker and weaker, and on February 3 (15), 1857, he passed away.

He died in Berlin, in a foreign land, far from family and friends. He was buried there in a modest grave in the Lutheran cemetery. In May of the same year, the composer’s younger sister Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova and her friends transported the body to Kronstadt by ship. On May 24, 1857, the coffin with Glinka’s body was lowered into Russian soil at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg. In 1859, at the grave of M.I. A monument to Glinka was unveiled (architect I.I. Gornostaev, designer N.A. Laveretsky), and 46 years later, in January 1906, L.I. was buried nearby. Shestakova. Graves of Glinka M.I. and Shestakova L.I. Initially, the composer and his sister were buried near the entrance to the cemetery, in 1936, during the reconstruction of the necropolis, the ashes of M.I. Glinka and L.I. Shestakova was moved deep into the cemetery, onto the Composer's Path.

Major works

Operas

"Life for the Tsar" (1836)

"Ruslan and Lyudmila" (1837-1842)

Symphonic works

Symphony on two Russian themes (1834, completed and orchestrated by Vissarion Shebalin)

Music for the tragedy of N. V. Kukolnik “Prince Kholmsky” (1842)

Spanish Overture No. 1 “Brilliant capriccio on the theme of the Aragonese Jota” (1845)

"Kamarinskaya", fantasy on two Russian themes (1848)

Spanish Overture No. 2 "Memories of a Summer Night in Madrid" (1851)

"Waltz Fantasy" (1839, 1856)

Chamber instrumental compositions

Sonata for viola and piano (unfinished; 1828, revised by Vadim Borisovsky in 1932)

Brilliant divertissement on themes from Bellini's opera La Sonnambula for piano quintet and double bass

Grand Sextet in Es major for piano and string quintet (1832)

“Trio Pathétique” in d-moll for clarinet, bassoon and piano (1832)

Romances and songs

"Venetian Night" (1832)

"Here I Am, Inesilla" (1834)

"Night View" (1836)

"Doubt" (1838)

"Night Zephyr" (1838)

“The fire of desire burns in the blood” (1839)

Wedding song “The marvelous tower stands” (1839)

"A Passing Song" (1840)

"Confession" (1840)

“The Healthy Cup” (1848)

“Margarita’s Song” from Goethe’s tragedy “Faust” (1848)

"Mary" (1849)

"Adele" (1849)

"Gulf of Finland" (1850)

“Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life”) (1855)

"Don't Say It Hurts Your Heart" (1856)

Hymn Russian Federation

The patriotic song of Mikhail Glinka was the official anthem of the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2000.

Memory

At the end of May 1982, the M. I. Glinka House Museum was opened in the composer’s native village of Novospassky.

In 1907, the sister of the great composer L.I. Shestakova founded a school named after. M.I.Glinkiv, Elnya, Smolensk region.

Monuments to M. I. Glinka

Created in Smolensk folk remedies, collected by subscription, opened in 1885 on the east side of the Blonier garden; sculptor A. R. von Bock. In 1887, the monument was completed compositionally with the installation of an openwork cast fence, the design of which was composed of musical lines - excerpts from 24 works of the composer

In St. Petersburg, it was built on the initiative of the City Duma, opened in 1899 in the Alexander Garden, near the fountain in front of the Admiralty; sculptor V. M. Pashchenko, architect A. S. Lytkin

In Veliky Novgorod on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia” among 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities V Russian history(for 1862) there is a figure of M. I. Glinka

Built in St. Petersburg on the initiative of the Imperial Russian musical society, opened on February 3, 1906 in the park near the Conservatory (Teatralnaya Square); sculptor R. R. Bach, architect A. R. Bach. Monument of monumental art of Federal significance.

In Zaporozhye it was opened in 1956 opposite the entrance to the Glinka Concert Hall

In Chelyabinsk it was opened on July 20, 2004 on the square in front of the Academic Opera and Ballet Theater; sculptor Vardkes Avakyani, architect Evgeny Alexandrov

On May 20, 1899, the house in Berlin where M. I. Glinka died was immortalized with a memorial plaque

Prizes and festivals named after M. I. Glinka

In 1884, M. P. Belyaev established the Glinkin Prizes, which existed until 1917

From 1965 to 1990 there was the State Prize of the RSFSR named after Glinka

Since 1958, the All-Russian music festival named after M. I. Glinka

Since 1960, the International (formerly All-Union) Glinka Vocal Competition has been held.

Films about M. I. Glinka

In 1946, Mosfilm produced a feature biographical film “Glinka” about the life and work of Mikhail Ivanovich

In 1952, Mosfilm released the feature biographical film “Composer Glinka”

In 2004, for the 200th anniversary of his birth, it was filmed documentary about the life and work of the composer “Mikhail Glinka. Doubts and passions..."

Mikhail Glinka in philately and numismatics

Postage stamps of Russia, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of M. I. Glinka, 2004, (CFA (ITC) #942-944; Mikhel #1174-1176)

In 1951, a USSR postage stamp was issued for the 175th anniversary of the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow, on which the portrait gallery of Russian composers is headed by a portrait of M. I. Glinka (DFA (ITC) #1613; Scott #1554)

In 1954, two were released in the USSR postage stamps, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of M. I. Glinka (TsFA (ITC) #1781-1782; Scott #1723-1724), one of them depicts a portrait of the composer, the other - a scene from the opera “Ivan Susanin”

In 1957, two USSR postage stamps were issued dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the composer’s death (TsFA (ITC) #1979-1980; Scott #1907-1908)

In 1958, stamps with a portrait of M. Glinka were issued by the post offices of Bulgaria (Mikhel #1052) and Romania (Mikhel #1712)

In 1991, as part of the “International Year of Russian Culture,” the USSR Ministry of Communications issued an envelope with an original stamp, the original portrait of which was I. Repin’s painting “M. I. Glinka composing the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, and on the envelope there is a reproduction from the lithograph “M. Yu. Vielgorsky Quartet”

On May 20, 2004, the Russian Post issued three postage stamps for the 200th anniversary of the birth of M. I. Glinka. On one of the miniatures there is a portrait of M. Glinka, on the other two there are scenes from the operas “Ivan Susanin” or “A Life for the Tsar” and “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. On the coupon, which unites all the stamps into a single whole, there is a facsimile of the composer and a sheet with the notes of the anthem-march “Glory” (CFA (ITC) #942-944; Mikhel #1174-1176)

On June 18, 2004, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative coin with a face value of 2 rubles

In 2004, B. G. Fedorov financed the minting of a commemorative medal with the image of the composer in honor of the 200th anniversary of his birth.

Named in honor of M. and Glinka

State Academic Chapel of St. Petersburg (in 1954).

Moscow Museum musical culture(in 1954).

Novosibirsk State Conservatory (Academy) (in 1956).

Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory (in 1957).

Magnitogorsk State Conservatory.

Minsk music school

Chelyabinsk academic theater opera and ballet.

St. Petersburg Choral School (in 1954).

Dnepropetrovsk music conservatory them. Glinka (Ukraine).

Concert hall in Zaporozhye.

State String Quartet.

Streets of many cities in Russia, as well as cities in Ukraine and Belarus. Street in Berlin.

In 1973, astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh named the minor planet she discovered in honor of the composer - 2205 Glinka.

Crater on Mercury.

Childhood and adolescence

Creative years

Major works

Anthem of the Russian Federation

Addresses in St. Petersburg

(May 20 (June 1) 1804 - February 3 (15), 1857) - composer, traditionally considered one of the founders of Russian classical music. Glinka's works had a strong influence on subsequent generations of composers, including members of the New Russian School, who developed his ideas in their music.

Biography

Childhood and adolescence

Mikhail Glinka was born on May 20 (June 1, New Art.) 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province, on the estate of his father, retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Until the age of six, he was raised by his paternal grandmother Fyokla Alexandrovna, who completely removed Mikhail’s mother from raising her son. Mikhail grew up as a nervous, suspicious and sickly little gentleman - “mimosa”, according to own characteristics Glinka. After the death of Fyokla Alexandrovna, Mikhail again came under the complete control of his mother, who made every effort to erase traces of her previous upbringing. At the age of ten, Mikhail began learning to play the piano and violin. Glinka’s first teacher was governess Varvara Fedorovna Klammer, invited from St. Petersburg.

In 1817, Mikhail’s parents brought him to St. Petersburg and placed him in the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding house at St. Petersburg University), where his tutor was the poet, Decembrist V. K. Kuchelbecker. In St. Petersburg, Glinka takes lessons from major musicians, including the Irish pianist and composer John Field. At the boarding house, Glinka meets A.S. Pushkin, who came there to visit his younger brother Lev, Mikhail’s classmate. Their meetings resumed in the summer of 1828 and continued until the poet’s death.

Creative years

1822-1835

After graduating from boarding school in 1822, Mikhail Glinka intensively studied music: he studied Western European musical classics, participated in home music playing in noble salons, and sometimes led his uncle’s orchestra. At the same time, Glinka tried herself as a composer, composing variations for harp or piano on a theme from the opera “The Swiss Family” by the Austrian composer Joseph Weigl. From that moment on, Glinka paid more and more attention to composition and soon she was composing an enormous amount, trying her hand at a variety of genres. During this period, he wrote well-known romances and songs today: “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily” to the words of E. A. Baratynsky, “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” to the words of A. S. Pushkin, “Autumn night, night dear” to the words of A. Ya. Rimsky-Korsakov and others. However, he remains dissatisfied with his work for a long time. Glinka persistently seeks ways to go beyond the forms and genres of everyday music. In 1823 he worked on a string septet, an adagio and rondo for orchestra and two orchestral overtures. During these same years, Mikhail Ivanovich’s circle of acquaintances expanded. He meets Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov, Adam Mitskevich, Anton Delvig, Vladimir Odoevsky, who later became his friend.

In the summer of 1823, Glinka made a trip to the Caucasus, visiting Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk. From 1824 to 1828, Mikhail worked as assistant secretary of the Main Directorate of Railways. In 1829, M. Glinka and N. Pavlishchev published the “Lyrical Album,” where among the works of various authors there were also Glinka’s plays.

At the end of April 1830, the composer went to Italy, stopping along the way in Dresden and making a long journey through Germany, stretching throughout the summer months. Arriving in Italy in early autumn, Glinka settled in Milan, which at that time was a major center of musical culture. In Italy he meets outstanding composers V. Bellini and G. Donizetti, studies the vocal style of bel canto (Italian. bel canto) and he himself composes a lot in the “Italian spirit”. In his works, a significant part of which are plays on themes from popular operas, there is nothing left to be studentish; all compositions are executed masterfully. Special attention Glinka devotes his time to instrumental ensembles, writing two original works: Sextet for piano, two violins, viola, cello and double bass and Pathétique Trio for piano, clarinet and bassoon. In these works, the features of Glinka’s composer’s style were especially clearly evident.

In July 1833, Glinka went to Berlin, stopping for some time in Vienna along the way. In Berlin, Glinka, under the guidance of the German theorist Siegfried Dehn, worked in the fields of composition, polyphony, and instrumentation. Having received news of his father's death in 1834, Glinka decided to immediately return to Russia.

Glinka returned with extensive plans for creating a Russian national opera. After a long search for a plot for the opera, Glinka, on the advice of V. Zhukovsky, settled on the legend of Ivan Susanin. At the end of April 1835, Glinka married Marya Petrovna Ivanova, his distant relative. Soon after this, the newlyweds went to Novospasskoye, where Glinka began writing an opera with great zeal.

1836-1844

In 1836, the opera “A Life for the Tsar” was completed, but Mikhail Glinka managed with great difficulty to get it accepted for production on the stage of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. This was obstructed with great tenacity by the director of the imperial theaters A. M. Gedeonov, who handed it over to the “director of music”, conductor Katerino Kavos, for trial. Kavos gave Glinka’s work the most flattering review. The opera was accepted.

The premiere of “A Life for the Tsar” took place on November 27 (December 9), 1836. The success was enormous, the opera was enthusiastically received by the leading part of society. The next day Glinka wrote to his mother:

On December 13, A. V. Vsevolzhsky hosted a celebration of M. I. Glinka, at which Mikhail Vielgorsky, Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vasily Zhukovsky and Alexander Pushkin composed a welcoming “Canon in honor of M. I. Glinka.” The music belonged to Vladimir Odoevsky.

Soon after the production of A Life for the Tsar, Glinka was appointed conductor of the Court Singing Chapel, which he led for two years. Glinka spent the spring and summer of 1838 in Ukraine. There he selected singers for the chapel. Among the newcomers was Semyon Gulak-Artemovsky, who later became not only famous singer, but also a composer.

In 1837, Mikhail Glinka, not yet having a finished libretto, began working on a new opera based on the plot of A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. The idea of the opera came to the composer during the poet’s lifetime. He hoped to draw up a plan according to his instructions, but the death of Pushkin forced Glinka to turn to minor poets and amateurs from among his friends and acquaintances. The first performance of “Ruslan and Lyudmila” took place on November 27 (December 9), 1842, exactly six years after the premiere of “Ivan Susanin”. Compared to “Ivan Susanin,” M. Glinka’s new opera aroused stronger criticism. The most vehement critic of the composer was F. Bulgarin, at that time still a very influential journalist.

1844-1857

Hardly experiencing criticism of his new opera, Mikhail Ivanovich in mid-1844 undertook a new long trip abroad. This time he leaves for France and then to Spain. In Paris, Glinka met the French composer Hector Berlioz, who became a great admirer of his talent. In the spring of 1845, Berlioz performed works by Glinka at his concert: a Lezginka from “Ruslan and Lyudmila” and Antonida’s aria from “Ivan Susanin”. The success of these works gave Glinka the idea of giving a charity concert of his compositions in Paris. April 10, 1845 big concert Russian composer was successfully held in the Hertz Concert Hall on Victory Street in Paris.

On May 13, 1845, Glinka went to Spain. There, Mikhail Ivanovich studies the culture, customs, and language of the Spanish people, records Spanish folk melodies, observes folk festivals and traditions. The creative result of this trip were two symphonic overtures written in Spanish folk themes. In the autumn of 1845, he created the overture “Aragonese Jota”, and in 1848, upon returning to Russia, “Night in Madrid”.

In the summer of 1847, Glinka set off on his way back to his ancestral village of Novospasskoye. Glinka's stay in his native place was short-lived. Mikhail Ivanovich again went to St. Petersburg, but changed his mind and decided to spend the winter in Smolensk. However, invitations to balls and evenings, which haunted the composer almost daily, drove him to despair and to the decision to leave Russia again, becoming a traveler. But Glinka was denied a foreign passport, so, having reached Warsaw in 1848, he stopped in this city. Here the composer wrote symphonic fantasy“Kamarinskaya” on the themes of two Russian songs: the wedding lyric “Because of the mountains, high mountains” and a lively dance song. In this work Glinka approved new type symphonic music and laid the foundations for it further development, skillfully creating an unusually bold combination different rhythms, characters and moods. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky spoke about the work of Mikhail Glinka:

In 1851, Glinka returned to St. Petersburg. He makes new friends, mostly young people. Mikhail Ivanovich gave singing lessons, prepared opera parts and chamber repertoire with such singers as N.K. Ivanov, O.A. Petrov, A.Ya. Petrova-Vorobyova, A.P. Lodiy, D.M. Leonova and others. The Russian vocal school took shape under the direct influence of Glinka. He visited M.I. Glinka and A.N. Serov, who in 1852 wrote down his “Notes on Instrumentation” (published in 1856). A. S. Dargomyzhsky often came.

In 1852, Glinka went on a journey again. He planned to get to Spain, but tired of traveling in stagecoaches and railway, stopped in Paris, where he lived for just over two years. In Paris, Glinka began work on the Taras Bulba symphony, which was never completed. Start Crimean War, in which France opposed Russia, was the event that finally decided the issue of Glinka’s departure to his homeland. On his way to Russia, Glinka spent two weeks in Berlin.

In May 1854, Glinka arrived in Russia. He spent the summer in Tsarskoye Selo at his dacha, and in August he moved again to St. Petersburg. In the same 1854, Mikhail Ivanovich began writing memoirs, which he called “Notes” (published in 1870).

In 1856, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka left for Berlin. There he began studying ancient Russian church chants, the works of old masters, choral works Italian Palestrina, Johann Sebastian Bach. Glinka was the first secular composer to compose and arrange church melodies in the Russian style. An unexpected illness interrupted these activities.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died on February 16, 1857 in Berlin and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery. In May of the same year, at the insistence of M.I. Glinka’s younger sister Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova, the composer’s ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and reburied at the Tikhvin Cemetery. At the grave there is a monument created by the architect A. M. Gornostaev. Currently, the slab from Glinka's grave in Berlin is lost. At the site of the grave in 1947, the Military Commandant's Office of the Soviet sector of Berlin erected a monument to the composer.

Memory

At the end of May 1982, the M. I. Glinka House Museum was opened in the composer’s native estate Novospasskoye

Monuments to M. I. Glinka:

in Smolensk, created with public funds collected by subscription, opened in 1885 on the eastern side of the Blonie Garden; sculptor A. R. von Bock. In 1887, the monument was completed compositionally with the installation of an openwork cast fence, the design of which was composed of musical lines - excerpts from 24 works of the composer
in St. Petersburg, built on the initiative of the City Duma, opened in 1899 in the Alexander Garden, near the fountain in front of the Admiralty; sculptor V. M. Pashchenko, architect A. S. Lytkin
In Veliky Novgorod, on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia”, among 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities in Russian history (for 1862), there is the figure of M. I. Glinka

in St. Petersburg, built on the initiative of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, opened on February 3, 1906 in the park near the Conservatory (Teatralnaya Square); sculptor R. R. Bach, architect A. R. Bach. Monument of monumental art of Federal significance.
opened in Kyiv on December 21, 1910 ( Main article: Monument to M. I. Glinka in Kyiv)

Films about M. I. Glinka:

In 1946, Mosfilm produced a feature biographical film “Glinka” about the life and work of Mikhail Ivanovich (played by Boris Chirkov).
In 1952, Mosfilm released the feature biographical film “Composer Glinka” (played by Boris Smirnov).
In 2004, for the 200th anniversary of his birth, a documentary film was made about the life and work of the composer “Mikhail Glinka. Doubts and passions..."

Mikhail Glinka in philately and numismatics:

The following were named in honor of M. I. Glinka:

State Academic Chapel of St. Petersburg (in 1954).
Moscow Museum of Musical Culture (in 1954).
Novosibirsk State Conservatory (Academy) (in 1956).
Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory (in 1957).
Magnitogorsk State Conservatory.
Minsk Music College
Chelyabinsk Academic Opera and Ballet Theater.
St. Petersburg Choral School (in 1954).
Dnepropetrovsk Music Conservatory named after. Glinka (Ukraine).
Concert hall in Zaporozhye.
State String Quartet.
Streets of many cities in Russia, as well as cities in Ukraine and Belarus. Street in Berlin.
In 1973, astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh named the minor planet she discovered in honor of the composer - 2205 Glinka.
Crater on Mercury.