Typical Russian surnames. The most common surnames in Russia and in the world

Here is a list of the 100 most popular Russian surnames. It should be noted that this ranking used data collected several decades ago. But this is even better, because... There is no point in trusting the results of the modern population census at all.

First, the top 10 popularity leaders. These 10 surnames, according to researchers, in 1970-1980 were borne by about 50% of the rural population of Russia, and about 30% of the urban population of our country.

1. Ivanov. This surname is the undisputed leader of our rating. It is not difficult to guess that its origin is directly related to the most popular Russian name Ivan, so the first place on our list is beyond doubt. There is a well-known folk joke that confirms the widespread use of this name: “In Rus', Ivanov is like filthy mushrooms.”

2. Kuznetsov. The origin of the surname is associated with the most common and most respected peasant profession. There was a blacksmith in every village, he was revered and, as a rule, had big family, the male part of which was provided with a profession and, as a consequence, a means of subsistence. This can also explain the wide distribution of this surname. The Kuznetsovs could well have taken first place in our ranking if not for the influence of the linguistic cultures of neighboring fraternal states in the west and southwest of Russia. In the dialects of the southern and western regions of Russia, instead of kuznets, the word koval is present, which was the reason for the transformation of Kuznetsov into Kovalev.

3. Smirnov. There is no clear opinion about the origin of the Smirnov surname. A variety of versions are offered, from nomadic wanderers-educators, bringing culture to the people, introducing backward village men “to the new world,” to linking with Old Slavonic name Meek, characterizing a quiet and flexible person. However, the most prosaic (and most probable) version is based on the naming of people “humble before God” by this surname. Recent statistical studies claim that in our time the surname Smirnov has surpassed the Ivanovs and Kuznetsovs in popularity and is the most common Russian surname.

4. Vasiliev. It is not difficult to guess that this surname is based on the very popular name Vasily in Rus'. Recently, the popularity of the name Vasily continues to decline steadily, but the surname Vasilyev is firmly entrenched in the top 10.

5. Novikov. The prevalence of this surname is explained by the fact that in the old days every newcomer, newcomer, new resident was called Novik. This definition quickly became a permanent nickname and was passed on to descendants in the form of a surname.

6. Yakovlev. Another surname derived from the popular male name. The name Jacob is a secular counterpart church name Jacob. Since the majority of surnames have precisely this origin, based on the name of the head of the family, we can judge from them the distribution of certain names in Rus'.

7. Popov. Initially, the nickname “Popov” meant: “son of a priest” or “son of a priest.” In addition, the same word was used to designate a priest's worker, a farm laborer. In addition to this, in Rus' there was a proper name “Pop”, which could also form the basis of this surname.

8. Fedorov. The basis of the Fedorov surname was the church name Fedor, which was very common in Rus' in the 16th and 17th centuries. Not all areas of our vast country have adopted the difficult-to-use letter F, so the name Khodor and the surname Khodorov have the same roots.

9. Kozlov. Before the introduction of Christianity in Rus', our ancestors were pagans and naming a child with a name that was the name of an animal or plant was a very common tradition. Since ancient times, the Goat was considered a symbol of vitality and fertility. The Scandinavians considered the goat to be Thor's sacred animal. The goat was a favorite character in ancient Slavic pagan legends, especially positive character. However, with the advent of Christianity, the goat became a symbol of the devil, the damned, the sinner. At the same time, the expression “scapegoat” was born and a general negative attitude towards this proud animal began to form.

10. Morozov. Oddly enough, Moroz is also a very common secular (non-church) name in Rus'. Typically given to a child born during the harsh winter months. The image of Frost is the image of a hero, a blacksmith, who fetters rivers and has unlimited power for several months a year. Parents wanted, when they named their child Moroz, they wanted to convey to him exactly these qualities.

...and also:

The most common surnames and their history of origin:

Kuznetsov Surname from the father's name according to his occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary for everyone famous person in the village, naming on this basis was ubiquitous. Therefore, the surname Kuznetsov is one of the most common in Russia;
Thousands of Kuznetsovs lived in Moscow (second in number only to the Ivanovs, of whom there are thousands. In some areas, the surname Kuznetsov took first place in frequency (for example, in the volosts of Kerensky and Chembarsky districts of the Penza province, out of thousands of Russians included in the calculations, the Kuznetsov person) Throughout the country as a whole, the spread of the surname Kuznetsov is somewhat limited by the use of the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word koval in the same meaning of “blacksmith,” so surnames with this stem spread from the west and southwest. Other nations also have very common surnames with the stem. , meaning "blacksmith" for example the most common English surname Smith, German Schmidt. (N) Kovalev is one of the most common Russians; surnames, although the words "koval" in Russian literary language No. In southern Russia and Ukraine, a blacksmith is called a farrier. “If you’re not a farrier, don’t dirty your hands” (that is, don’t get dirty) advises folk wisdom; don't take on a job you don't know. (F) Kovalenya. One of the suffixes forming Belarusian surnames is -enya. Kowalski is a Polish or Ukrainian surname. Kovalikhin and Kuznechikhin, metronymic surnames, are derived from the name of a woman, the wife of a blacksmith. Kovalkov, Kovankov are verified Ukrainian or Belarusian surnames.

2. Smirnov Smirnov is one of the most common Russian surnames. In Moscow alone there are seventy thousand Smirnovs. Why? In a large peasant family, quiet, non-shouting children were a great relief for parents. This quality, rare for small children, was imprinted in the worldly name Smirnaya; it often became the main name of a person for the rest of his life (the church name was forgotten by those around him). From the Smirnykhs came the Smirnovs. (F) The most common Russian surname in a vast strip covering the entire Northern Volga region, most often in the Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo regions and adjacent areas of neighboring regions; to the east, this zone extends to the Kirov region. As you move away from this zone, the frequency decreases. In Moscow, the surname Smirnov took fifth place in a thousand people) By origin, it is a patronymic from the Russian non-church male name Smirna, i.e. “meek, quiet, obedient” Early examples of patronymics in the Vladimir tithe of the city “Ivan Smirnovo son of Samarin” “Stepan meek son of Kuchuk” The common noun changed its vowel and place of stress, and the surname retained its archaic form (similarly: Tolstoy Tolstoy (N ) Surnames Smirnin, Smirenkin from the ancient Slavic names Smirena, Smirenka. Smirensky, Smirnitsky seminary surnames from the same root.

3. Ivanov Patronymic from the common form Ivan from the canonical male personal name John. Ivanov is the most common surname of Russians, since the name remained the most common among Russians for several centuries (from century to century: among the peasantry it covered from up to all men. In Moscow there are thousands of Ivanovs (of which Ivan Ivanovich) It is characteristic that in this territory the surname Ivanov is usually not very common, inferior to many others, but it is widespread and therefore takes first place in large centers and throughout the country. Its relative rarity in certain areas is due to the fact that the name was used in many different forms. patronymics from which became surnames. There are significantly more than a hundred of these forms, and surnames from patronymics formed from these forms are correspondingly numerous (N) The most common male name in Rus', Ivan, “Ivanov is like filthy mushrooms,” people joked) gave rise to dozens of derivative forms. I confidently include the surname Ivin in this list, since most Ivins are not from the name of the tree, but from Iva, a shortened form of the name Ivan. Ivsha is also one of the forms of this name. Itsko, Ishko are diminutive forms of the name Ivan. Itsko is more characteristic of the Belarusian language and Smolensk dialects, Ishko Ukrainian language and South Russian dialects. Ishunya, Ishuta are ancient diminutive forms of the name Ivan. (F) V c. the surname was used with an emphasis on a. Nowadays it is more often used with the stress on the last syllable. It is characteristic that some bearers of the surname insist on a form with an emphasis on a, which seems to them more noble than the usual one with an emphasis on the last syllable.

4. Popov Not all Popovs and Popkovs are descendants of priests. As a personal name, Pop (Popko) was very common among worldly people. Religious parents willingly named their children Popili Popko. Example: landowner Popko (near Senka Pop, peasant Popko Efimov, peasant Sometimes the surname Popov was given to a worker, farm laborer. (F) One of the most common surnames in Russia, especially in the north of the country. Counting surnames in the Arkhangelsk province showed an unprecedentedly high frequency of Popovs in thousand people. In Moscow, thousand Popovs. Initially, the patronymic “son of a priest”, the patronymic “son of a priest”, from the nickname Pop; from the documents of the century. peasant Senka Pop, Don Cossack Mikhailo Pop, etc. As an assumption of the spread of this surname in the north of Russia, we can assume the election of the clergy in these areas: until the century, priests were not appointed there, but were elected by the residents themselves from among themselves (N)

5. Sokolov The names of animals and birds are one of the main sources of nicknames and surnames derived from them. "Bird" surnames occupy positions in the first hundred Russian surnames. Sokolov is the most common among the “birds” and is in seventh position in the frequency list of all Russian surnames. (U) Sokolov. Patronymic from the Russian non-church male name Sokol. One of the ten most common Russian surnames. According to B. Unbegun's calculations, in St. Petersburg it ranked seventh in frequency, and of all surnames formed from non-canonical names, it was second only to Smirnov. The unusually high frequency of Russian surnames based on the names of birds was noted by the prominent foreign Slavist V.R. Kiparsky, proving in his articles that this is dictated by the cult of birds among the Russians. My calculations confirmed that Russian surnames are indeed associated with birds more often than with animals or, for example, fish. But this phenomenon cannot be explained by the cult of birds, since most surnames are of later origin centuries. only a minority are older) and we can talk about the origin not of surnames, but of the names from which they are derived. However, in this case, the main reason is not the cult of the bird, but the enormous economic and everyday role of birds in the life of Russians: widespread industrial hunting, poultry farming in every family, grand falconry and much more (for more details, see Nikonov V.A. Name and society. M. (N) Sokolikha, wife of Sokol. Surnames in -sky may be of Ukrainian Polish origin. geographical names Sokol, Sokolovo. Similarly Sokologorsky Sokolinaya Gora. Similarly Russian Sokoltsov
Next in the ranking are:

6. Lebedev
7. Kozlov
8. Novikov
9. Morozov
10. Petrov
11. Volkov
12. Soloviev
13. Vasiliev
14. Zaitsev
15. Pavlov
16. Semenov
17. Golubev
18. Vinogradov
19. Bogdanov
20. Vorobiev
21. Fedorov
22. Mikhailov
23. Belyaev
24. Tarasov
25. Belov
26. Komarov
27. Orlov
28. Kiselev
29. Makarov
30. Andreev
31. Kovalev
32. Ilyin
33. Gusev
34. Titov
35. Kuzmin
36. Kudryavtsev
37. Baranov
38. Kulikov
39. Alekseev
40. Stepanov
41. Yakovlev
42. Sorokin
43. Sergeev
44. Romanov
45. Zakharov
46. ​​Borisov
47. Korolev
48. Gerasimov
49. Ponomarev
50. Grigoriev
51. Lazarev
52. Medvedev (from Layola: let’s remember the president of the Russian Federation)
53. Ershov
54. Nikitin
55. Sobolev
56. Ryabov
57. Polyakov
58. Tsvetkov
59. Danilov
60. Zhukov
61. Frolov
62. Zhuravlev
63. Nikolaev
64. Krylov
65. Maximov
66. Sidorov
67. Osipov
68. Belousov
69. Fedotov
70. Dorofeev
71. Egorov
72. Matveev
73. Bobrov
74. Dmitriev
75. Kalinin
76. Anisimov
77. Petukhov
78. Antonov
79. Timofeev
80. Nikiforov
81. Veselov
82. Filippov
83. Markov
84. Bolshakov
85. Sukhanov
86. Mironov
87. Shiryaev
88. Alexandrov
89. Konovalov
90. Shestakov
91. Kazakov
92. Efimov
93. Denisov
94. Gromov
95. Fomin
96. Davydov
97. Melnikov
98. Shcherbakov
99. Blinov
100. Kolesnikov

About 7 billion people live on our planet. There are many names and

surnames that were formed over centuries by our ancestors. Have you ever wondered what the most common surnames are? In this article we will present a selection of the most around the world and in Russia.

Common Russian surnames

Surely you would be interested to know what is the most common Russian surname? Unfortunately, it is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. Let's just say - there are quite a lot of them. The list below is based on the book “Russian Surnames” by B.G. Unbegun, published in 1972. Before compiling this list, the author of the book studied the St. Petersburg address book of 1910 and analyzed all the names of that time that appeared in it. So, here are the 100 most common Russian surnames.

Please note that names are listed in alphabetical order and not by importance. If you looked at the list, you probably noticed surnames of German origin in it - Schulz, Schmitd, Miller. By their presence one can judge ethnic composition of that time.

World surnames
Now let's look at the most common surnames in the world. The first place is occupied by the surname Lee (about 100 million people around the world have it, and the most famous of them is Bruce Lee). Second place is the surname Zhang, which is also shared by about 100 million people. Third place - Van. It is used as a prefix to the Belgian and (for example, Jean Claude Van Damme). Fourth place on the list of “Most Common Surnames” belongs to the surname Nguyen (about 36 million people). Fifth place - Garcia (about 10 million people wear it).

It is most common in South America, the Philippines and Spain. Sixth place - Gonzalez (10 million people). The birthplace of this surname is Spain. Seventh place belongs to the surname Hernandez (8 million people), which has Spanish-Portuguese roots. Eighth place - Smith (4 million people). The ninth place is occupied by the Russian surname Smirnov. Rounding out the top ten in the “Most Common Surnames” ranking is the German surname Müller.

The list of popular genus names is endless, because as many people there are as many opinions. Each person will point out beautiful surnames that he personally likes. But, according to the majority, the most popular are aristocratic designations of family names. Let's figure out which surnames are more common and respected, and where they even came from.

List of the most beautiful Russian surnames in the world

The word "surname" is translated from Latin as "family". This means that this indicates that a person belongs to the clan from which he came. The emergence of family nicknames was often associated with the profession that the family practiced from generation to generation or with the name of the area in which the family lived, or the name of the family indicated character traits, specific appearance, and a nickname. It’s not for nothing that there is a saying “not in the eye, but in the eye” - people have always applied labels very precisely.

In Russia, at first there were only first and patronymic names, and the first surnames appeared only in the 14th century. Naturally, noble people received them: princes, boyars, nobles. Peasants received official family names only at the end of the 19th century, when they abolished serfdom. The first names of dynasties came from the names of places of residence, birth or possessions: Tver, Arkhangelsk, Zvenigorod, Moskvin.

1. Sobolev
2. Morozov
3. Gromov
4. Almazov
5. Derzhavin
6. Bogatyrev
7. Mayorov
8. Admirals
9. Lyubimov
10. Vorontsov

List of the most beautiful surnames for girls:

1. Voskresenskaya
2. Lebedeva
3. Alexandrova
4. Serebryanskaya
5. Korolkova
6. Vinogradova
7. Talnikova
8. Generous
9. Zolotareva
10. Tsvetaeva

A selection of the most beautiful foreign surnames

Foreigners believe that a beautiful surname helps the family and brings good luck and happiness. But, it’s true, a person with a family nickname is teased by his peers from childhood, and subsequently he grows up insecure with a whole baggage of complexes. So it turns out that family name brought bad luck. For people with a beautiful family heritage, everything turns out differently. From childhood they know that they can do anything in this world, so they walk with their heads held high.

Each country has its own beautiful surnames, which are unusual to the Russian ear. But the origin of family designations is the same all over the world. Some took the name of their city, while others took the nickname of the founder of the clan, the occupation of the family, and their status. Among foreign names You can also often find the names of plants, birds, and animals. If a Russian person chooses foreign name, then, as a rule, he does not delve into its meaning, but makes a choice according to its euphony.

For example, Spaniards have beautiful surnames - not uncommon. The most common are:

• Rodriguez
• Fernandez
• Gonzalez
• Perez
• Martinez
• Sanchez

Russian girls often choose generic names of Spanish origin:

• Alvarez
• Torres
• Romero
• Flores
• Castillo
• Garcia
• Pascual

French surnames

All variants of French surnames are endowed with special beauty and charm. This language is very different from its other European counterparts. If it is always pronounced correctly, then French ones are pronounced differently. For example, the popular Le Pen can sound like “Le Pen”, “Le Pen”, “De Le Pen”. The first French family names were granted to the highest circle of nobility in the 11th century. It was only in the 16th century that a royal decree ordered that every French citizen be given a hereditary nickname.

Since then French surnames from generation to generation they are included in the church metrics. The most beautiful family nicknames in France come from proper names, from the occupation of the family, or from the geographical names in which the family was born. Widespread French male family names:

• Robert
• Richard
• Bernard
• Duran
• Lefebvre

Female generic names are not much different from male ones. French history ordered that no differences or other endings, as in the Russian language, exist between surnames, therefore beautiful generic names for women also have their own name, for example:

• Leroy
• Bonn
• Francois

German

Generic names in Germany arose in the same way as in other countries: first they were received by the nobility, then by feudal lords and small landowners, and then by the lower strata of the population. The entire process of forming hereditary nicknames took about 8 centuries, and the first surnames appeared based on proper names. Vivid examples are German male generic nicknames:

1. Werner
2. Hermann
3. Jacobi
4. Peters

Beautiful family designations in Germany arose from the names of rivers, mountains and other words related to nature: Bern, Vogelweid. But the most popular generic names come from the occupations of their ancestors. For example, Müller means “miller”, and Schmidt means “blacksmith”. Rare ones sound beautiful: Wagner, Zimmerman. Women in Germany, as a rule, leave their mother's surname, and the most beautiful are considered to be:

1. Lehmann
2. Mayer
3. Peters
4. Fisher
5. Weiss

American

Beautiful American family names compare favorably with other foreign ones - they are very consonant, and the owners wear them with pride. If surnames are not inherited, then any citizen of the United States can change his family name to a more harmonious one. So, the 10 most beautiful names of American men:

1. Robinson
2. Harris
3. Evans
4. Gilmore
5. Florence
6. Stone
7. Lambert
8. Newman

Regarding American women, then, as in the whole world, at birth they take the family name of their father, and upon marriage - their husband. Even if a girl wants to keep her family name, after marriage she will have a double surname, for example, Maria Goldman Mrs. Roberts (by her husband). Beautiful generic names for American women:

1. Bellows
2. Houston
3. Taylor
4. Davis
5. Foster

Video: the most common surnames in the world

The most common surnames in the world seem beautiful, because their bearers are popular people, and therefore happy. For example, there are about one hundred million people on the planet who have the generic name Li. In second place in terms of polarity is the surname Wang (about 93 million people). In third place is family name Garcia, common in South America(about 10 million people).

Table 3.

The most common surnames in the village of Baturino.

Lukins (125)

Golubev (67)

Bulygin (36)

Gorshkov (33)

Medvedev (25)

Lashkov (23)

1. Maslennikov (17)

   Gulyaev (16)

   Butorov (16)

   Sukhanov (15)

Table 4.

The names of the clergy of the Baturin Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church.

Kapustin V.T. (1765 - 1793)

Kapustin L.V. (1793 – 1816)

Popov A. S. (1817 – 1818)

Kapustin I.L. (1818 – 1857)

Kapustin N.I. (1857 – 1865)

Kapustin A.I. (1865 – 1868)

Troitsky S.G. (1868 – 1871)

Shchapkov N.I. (1871 – 1883)

Nosilov D.I. (1883 – 1905)

Baturin V.D. (1905 – 1906)

Ponomarev V.S. (1906 – 1918)

Palmov S.I. (1918 – 1929)

Lunev (mentioned in 1931)

Golubev I.A. (mentioned 1934)

Norov I.B. (1999

Appendix 2.

Toponymic dictionary (interpretation of the meanings of the surnames of local residents).

Abramov-Abram - the popular form of the baptismal name Abraham - father of nations (Old Hebrew). Related surnames: Abramkin, Abramochkin, Abrashin, Avraamov, Abramov, Avrasin, Avrashin, Avrashkov - they all came from different diminutive forms of this name.

Avdyushev - The surname could be formed from various names, or their derivative forms. And from the derivative forms of names: masculine - Avdei (Avdiy) - clergyman (Old Hebrew) and from the rarer Avdon ("servant, slave"), and from the feminine - Evdokia ("benevolence") through the colloquial form Avdotya. or diminutive forms of the baptismal name Evdokim - glorious (Greek). - Avdonya, Avdosha, Evdonya, etc. There is a whole galaxy of similar surnames in Avd-, Evd-, derived from various folk forms. See also Evdokimov, Avdeev, Avdotyev. Aldonin.

Ageev - From the baptismal name Haggai - festive, having fun (Hebrew) - several more surnames came from: Ageikin, Agishev, Agishin, Agishchev, Agushev. However, it is possible that Agishchev and Agushev may also be associated with diminutive versions of the baptismal name Agapius - beloved (Greek).

Aksakov - Aksakov means "lame" in Tatar.

Akulyshin - Oddly enough, Akulov has nothing to do with the terrible fish-beast. He has the same last name as Orlov. After all, the form Akula acquired in Rus' was the Greek baptismal name Akila - eagle. Akilina colloquially became Akulipa. Both of these names gave birth to the following surnames: Akulin, Akulinin, Akulinichev, Akulyshin, Okulov. However, the last surname could have arisen from the worldly name Okul or from a nickname meaning rogue, braggart, deceiver.

Alexandrov - From the baptismal name Alexander - protector of people (Greek). This name, like a mighty tree trunk, raised to the heights many branches and leaves - surnames formed from its diminutive forms: Alexandrikin, Alexandrovsky, Aleksankin, Aleksanov, Aleksakhin, Aleksashin, Aleksin, Aleksov, Alenev and Olenev, Alenikov and Olenikov, Alenin and Olenin, Alenichev and Olenichev, Aleinikov and Oleinikov, Alentyev, Aleinikov and Oleinikov, Alenshev, Alekov and Olekov; Aleshintsev, Aleshkov, Alegiechkin, Aleshin and Oleshin, Aleshikhin, Aleshkin and Oleshkin, Oleshunin; Alekhanov, Alekhov, Olekhov, Alesin, Alekhine; Alyutin, Alyukhin, Alyushin, Olyunin; Lexin, Lelikov, Lelkin, Lelyakin, Lelyakov, Lelyanov, Lelyashin, Lelyukhin, Lenin, Lenkin, Lenkov, Lennikov, Lenov, Leniov, Lenshin, Lekshin; Lyakin, Lyakishev, Lyalikov, Lyalin, Lyalkin, Lyalyakin, Lyashev, Lyagiutin; Sanin, Sanichkin, Sankin, Sankov, Sanov, Sankin, Sankov, Sanyutin, Sakhnin, Sakhnov, Sashenkov, Sashin, Sashkin, Sashkov. The diminutive form Shura became the basis of the only surname Shurin. We must remember that the surnames Alenin and Olenin can also be formed from the name Alena (baptismal Elena), and the surname Oleynikov could be born from the name of the profession (reindeer herder).

Alferov - From the baptismal name Elefery - free (Greek). Except<законной>The Eleferev surnames are in the same family line: Alfeev, Alferev, Luferov, Olferev.

Andreev - One of the most common Russian surnames comes from the baptismal name Andrei - courageous (Greek). From various forms of the same name were formed Andrusov, Andryunin, Andruishn and the seminary Andreevsky

Andropov - From the baptismal name Eutropius - well-behaved (Greek). Its colloquial forms: Antrop, Antrokha, Antrusha, Atroshko - gave birth to the surnames Andropov and Antropov, Antrokhin, Antrushin, Atroshkov, although their origin is just as likely from the rare name Atprop.

Anisimov - Anisim, Anis - a common variety in Rus' of the baptismal name Onesim - bringing to the end (Greek). Therefore, Onisimov gets along quite well in everyday life with Anisimov.

Anikin - This surname is from the derivative forms of the names Ioannikis and Anikita (the first is associated with the Greek word "nike" - victory, the second with the Greek "aniketos" - invincible). The expression "anika-looker" means "a short-sighted person", "anika-warrior" a bully and a braggart who suffers defeat. The latter came into use thanks to the popularly translated story of the 16th century, “The Debate between the Belly and Death” (that is, “The Dispute between Life and Death”), in which the ill-fated Anika appears. Anikeev may be a form of the surname Enikeev. The surname Anichev could be derived from female name Anna - Anya, in the Ukrainian language there are surnames from female names formed with the help of male suffixes.

Afanasyev - From the baptismal name Afanasy - immortal (Greek). Its colloquial forms gave birth to the surnames: Afanasov, Afonin, Afonichev, Afonchikov, Afonchin, Afonyushin, Afonyushkin.

Babinov - Babyonyshev. Mama's boy, sissy.

Bazhutin - Bazhan and Bazhen are extremely common Russian non-church names in the old days. The common meaning of both is: desirable, cordial, sweet. The surname Bazhanov is associated with the circumstances of the birth of a child: Bazhen - a desired child. The worldly names Bazhen and Bazhan were common throughout Rus'. The surnames Bazhenov and Bazhutin have the same meaning. Dahl's beloved is also a darling, a pampered favorite, his beloved is desirable, sweet. Bazhanov. Nobles since the 17th century. From the Turkic-Tatar bazh "brother-in-law, husband of the wife's sister." Subsequently, architects, scientists. The names Bazhin, Bazhukov from visitors’ requests. Probably have the same basis.

Balandin - Balanda is a kind of food, or chatterbox, idle talker.

Balashov- Balash is a personal name from Turkic, balash, child, son.

Baleevskikh - Balei, bali - a healer, sorcerer, wizard, as well as a doctor among our ancestors.

Bannikov - Not only a bathhouse attendant and a person who loves to wash in a bathhouse, but also a brownie who lives in a bathhouse.

Basov - Student in theological seminary. Another meaning is bass – beauty, beauty.

Baturin - Comes from the nickname Batur (stubborn, disobedient), which is formed on the basis of the Ryazan dialect word “baturit” - to be stubborn. According to another version, the surname is associated with the name of Murza Batura, a native of the Great Horde who served with the Ryazan princes.

Bakharev - Bakhar, bakhir - talker, storyteller.

Belkov - From the nickname blond, white-faced, and also a neat person.

Berdnikov - Berdnik is a master of the hip, i.e. combs of weaving looms.

Biryukov - Lone Wolf.

Bogachev - the surname comes from the word “rich”, which is how wealthy people were called in the old days.

Boyko - Boyky (boyko) – Transcarpathian Ukrainian mountaineers.

Borovikov - Borovich is a man living in the forest, engaged in forestry.

Bragin - A person engaged in the manufacture and sale of mash.

Brattsev - Patronymic from the nickname Bratukha, which arose from the dialect common noun bratukha, which in various dialects means “cousin”, “stepbrother”, “friend, comrade”, “brother”. Members of some religious sects "brotherhoods" were called brothers. In addition to bro, there were other words with the same meanings - bro, brother, brother, brother, which gave the corresponding surnames.

Bryukhov - Bryukhan is a man with a fat belly.

Bulygin - From the nickname “bulyga” (blockhead, rude), cobblestone. In pre-Petrine Rus' it was often used as a person’s personal name.

Bulychev - Bulych is a trickster. The word also served as a personal worldly name. Among the “best servants” endowed with land by Ivan the Terrible in 1550 we find Bulych Khirin. (F). At the core Russian word Bulych has several meanings in different dialects: “a roguish, trading man” (Tul.), “shameless, unscrupulous man, an arrogant rogue” (Vladim., Vyatsk.) and “stupid” (Vladim.). The word itself is borrowed from Turkic, meaning “weak, unable to have children.” The surname comes from the nickname Bulych with one of the named meanings.

Burkov-Burko is a brown horse (a person could be nicknamed by the color of his hair).

Burlakov - Burlak is a peasant who goes to a foreign land to earn money, especially on river boats. This trade made people rude, self-willed, and wild. "At home there are barge haulers, but in the forest there are brawlers." Related surname - Burlatsky. Burlo is a loudmouth, noisy person.

Butorov-Butora is the one who speaks quickly, loudly, stupidly.

Bychkov - Bykov is one of the most common surnames, derived from nicknames from the name of the animal. Included in the 100 most common, in 82nd place. Exists a whole series"bull" surnames with slightly different meanings. Bychatin - butcher, Bychatnikov - cattle driver, Bychenev, Bychkov, Bychnikov... Bykovsky, Bychkovsky, Bychenko - Ukrainian surnames with the same meaning. The related surname Porozov is from the obsolete poroz - bull.

Vazhenin - 1. Vagan - a resident of the Vaga River, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. In the North, this was a broad term for a simple, uneducated peasant. Also about the surname Vazhenin - from the Vaga River. In the customs books of 1675-1676 for Ustyug and Totma, merchants from Vaga were repeatedly called: “Vazhenin Grigory Ignatov”, “Vazhenin Leontyev Peter”. The word vagan apparently arose later. 2. Vaga - a derivative form of the ancient rare name Evagrius (translated from Greek: happy on the hunt). There are other meanings of the word “vaga” - weight, heaviness (hence “important”, i.e. weighty), weight, scales, lever. 3. Vazhenin possibly from the nickname Vazhenya - “spoiled” (Old Russian vazhit “to pamper, indulge”). It is possible that the nickname Vagan is motivated by a word that exists in dialects: in Yaroslavl, North Dvina dialects - “man, vakhlak”, in Vologda - “rude, lazy person”, in Arkhangelsk, Vologda - “naughty, joker, merry fellow” In Vologda and Arkhangelsk In dialects, carriages are also called residents of Povazhye (along the Vaga River)

Vasilenko - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Vasily (from the Greek basileus - “ruler, king”) and its derivative forms. The surname is found everywhere, since the name is from the 15th to the 19th centuries. ranked second in frequency among Russians, second only to Ivan. But the frequency of the surname is only in largest cities was significant (for example, in St. Petersburg in 1910, according to B. Unbegun’s calculations, it took second place). In none of the territories included in Nikonov’s calculations, the surname was not among the ten most common, since the name was used in many derivative forms, from which different surnames were formed, for example: Bazilevich, Bazylev, Bazylin, Vasin, Vaseykin, Vasenkin, Vasechkin, Vasilevich, Vasilevsky, Vasilenkov, Vasilevsky, Vasiliev, Vasiliev, Vasilkov, Vasiltsev, Vasin, Vasinsky, Vasintsev, Vasichev, Vasischev, Vasnev, Vasnetsov, Vaskin, Vaskov, Vasyukin, Vasyukov, Vasyukov, Vasyunin, Vasyunichev, Vasyutin, Vasyutkin, Vasyutochkin, Vasyukhin, Vasyuchkov, Vasyushin, Vasyushkin, Vasyagin, Vasyaev, Vasyakin, Vasyatkin, Vasyashin, Vakhnev (Russian north-west, Ukrainian, Belarusian - Vakhno, Ukrainian - Vasilenko, Vasilyuk, Vasyuchenko, Belarusian - Vasilenok, Bulgarian - Vasiliev, Moldovan and Romanian - Vasiliu, Vasilescu, cargo. In some cases, it is difficult to decide which name the surname Vashin, Vashutin, Vashurin, Vashurkin and others owes to - from Vasily or from Ivan? Vasenya is a diminutive form of the name Vasily. Your colloquial form of the names Ivan or Vasily. Vashinets belonging to the Vashi family, Vashi’s descendants. And already the children of Vashintsev began to be written Vashintsevs and: e after w instead of i - a later mistake caused by the fact that the history of the formation of the surname was forgotten. (Cf. Vasnetsov.) Vasilets. The suffix -ets when forming surnames is used in Ukrainian and less often in Belarusian languages. Names in Vakh- and Vash- can also be formed from the name Bartholomew. Vakhnev.

Vasilyev - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Vasily (from the Greek basileus - “ruler, king”) and its derivative forms. The surname is found everywhere, since the name is from the 15th to the 19th centuries. ranked second in frequency among Russians, second only to Ivan. But the frequency of the surname only in the largest cities was significant (for example, in St. Petersburg in 1910, according to B. Unbegaun’s calculations, it took second place). In none of the territories included in Nikonov’s calculations, the surname was not among the ten most common, since the name was used in many derivative forms, from which different surnames were formed, for example: Bazilevich, Bazylev, Bazylin, Vasin, Vaseykin, Vasenkin, Vasechkin, Vasilevich, Vasilevsky, Vasilenkov, Vasilevsky, Vasiliev, Vasiliev, Vasilkov, Vasiltsev, Vasin, Vasinsky, Vasintsev, Vasichev, Vasischev, Vasnev, Vasnetsov, Vaskin, Vaskov, Vasyukin, Vasyukov, Vasyukov, Vasyunin, Vasyunichev, Vasyutin, Vasyutkin, Vasyutochkin, Vasyukhin, Vasyuchkov, Vasyushin, Vasyushkin, Vasyagin, Vasyaev, Vasyakin, Vasyatkin, Vasyashin, Vakhnev (Russian north-west, Ukrainian, Belarusian - Vakhno, Ukrainian - Vasilenko, Vasilyuk, Vasyuchenko, Belarusian - Vasilenok, Bulgarian - Vasiliev, Moldovan and Romanian - Vasiliu, Vasilescu, cargo. In some cases, it is difficult to decide which name the surname Vashin, Vashutin, Vashurin, Vashurkin and others owes to - from Vasily or from Ivan? Vasenya is a diminutive form of the name Vasily. Your colloquial form of the names Ivan or Vasily. Vashinets belonging to the Vashi family, Vashi’s descendants. And already the children of Vashintsev began to be written Vashintsevs and: e after w instead of i - a later mistake caused by the fact that the history of the formation of the surname was forgotten. (Cf. Vasnetsov.) Vasilets. The suffix -ets when forming surnames is used in Ukrainian and less often in Belarusian languages. Names in Vakh- and Vash- can also be formed from the name Bartholomew.

Vdovin - This surname is associated with the word widow, widower. Vdovin is the son of a widow. Vdovtsov, Vdovichev - the son of a widower. Vdovenko, Udovenko, Udovichenko - Ukrainian version of the surname with one of the meanings.

Veprev - The surnames Veprev, Veprikov, Veprushkin are derived from the word boar - boar, or rather from the name or nickname Vepr. Such “animal” names were common in the old days. Veprintsev. Formed from the word Veprinets, probably the name of a person at his place of residence, for example the village of Veprino, Veprevo (in the Vologda region) or from the Veprin family, like Vasin - Vasinets - Vasnetsov. The nickname could be given by neighbors to a hunter or a person with a fierce, furious disposition.

Verkhoturtsev - Possibly nicknamed Verkhotur, Verkhoturets - who came from Verkhoturye (a city in the Urals, on the Tura River).

Species – SPECIES. The meaning of this surname can be debated. Some researchers believe that it came from the nickname View, given to a respectable, handsome, prominent person. Others claim that the surname is based on the given name View, popular diminutive form of a baptismal name David- Darling (Old Hebrew).

Vinogradov - The vine has always played a huge role in Christian symbolism. Grapes are often mentioned in religious books; bunches of grapes carved from wood have long served as decoration for Orthodox churches. The surname Vinogradov, as a wish for prosperity and success, was often assigned to students of religious educational institutions. Meanwhile, many of them never managed to taste the grapes. In the central regions of Russia, it appeared on wide sale only with the development of railways, to end of the 19th century century. With the development of viticulture in Russia, the secular surname Vinogradov appeared.

Vladimirov - This surname comes from the baptismal name Vladimir (from ancient Slav - “owner of glory”). Volodya, Volosha, Voloshka is a diminutive form of the name Volodimer, Vladimir. Voloshin, in addition, like Volokh, is an old name for Romanians and Moldovans. The suffix -in, denoting belonging to a particular nationality (cf. Tatar, Bulgarian), began to be perceived as a family suffix. Volodich is a Belarusian, Volodko is a Ukrainian surname with the same meaning. Vladimirtsev, Vladimirsky - indicates the place of residence or service of the father - the city of Vladimir. or a village with a similar name. But surnames in Chinese in most cases belonged to nobles. Possibly also a seminary origin; they gave Na-sky surnames from the names of saints. Voloshinovsky (from visitors’ requests) is a Polish surname, probably from this name or Voloshenya, Volokh.

Volgin, Volozhanin - The surname Volgin is derived from the name of the Volga River, or more precisely from a nickname or non-baptismal name. The surname Volzhsky also has the basis Volga, the name of the river, but in Unbegun’s book it is listed in a group of artificial surnames formed after 1917. The surnames Volzhanin, Volzhankin indicate a resident of the Volga banks. There is only one peculiarity. Volzhanin is not from Volzhan, but in the old days a Volzhanin was a resident from the Volga. When forming a surname, Volzhaninov would have been more logical, but with the strengthening of the suffix - in as one of the main components of Russian surnames, the nickname Volzhanin passed on without changing into a surname. It’s just that the suffix -in was accepted as already a family suffix (compare Kostroma - Kostromin). But Volzhankin is a metronymic (female) surname, from his mother’s nickname - Volzhanka.

Volkov – The name Wolf actually existed in the pre-Christian era. In ancient times, it was believed that, having received a name consonant with the name of some animal or element, a person became related to it. Later, a surname with the suffix –ov was formed from the name Wolf. Worldly name Wolf was extremely popular in Rus', because it symbolized daring strength, courage, and cunning. By the way, the names Wolf among the Germans, Vuk among the Balkans, and Gurd among the Turks were equally used, and all of these are namesakes of the Wolf.

Voronin - From a worldly name Crow, very popular in the old days. By naming the child this way, they wanted to convey to him the prophetic power and longevity of this bird: a raven, according to legend, lives for three hundred years.

Vyatkin - The surname is associated with the name of the Vyatka River and belongs to the descendants of settlers from this river, from the Vyatka region. But in Veselovsky’s “Onomasticon” Vyatka, Vyatkins: Kuzma Yakovlevich Vyatka Sakharusov, metropolitan butler, 1491-1504; from him - the Vyatkins. Vyatka-1) gang, crowd (Smolensk), 2) wedge of earth (Ryazan) (Dal)

Gavrilyuk - On behalf of Gabriel (from ancient Hebrew “divine warrior”). Gavrik, Gavsha, Ganya, Gansha, Ganka are diminutive forms of this name. Ganichev (Belozero, Vozhegod, Kaduys, Ustyuzhen districts). The patronymic of the “second degree” is from the patronymic Ganich and from the diminutive form Ganya of the canonical male names Agafon, Gabriel, etc. The surname is common in Belozerye, like other surnames in -ichev. The name Gabriel (in the popular form of Gabriel) was very popular in Russia. From it came many diminutive forms - Gavrya, Gavrik, Gavryusha, Gavrilka, Gavsha, Ganya, etc. They gave rise to a wide variety of surnames. But other explanations are also possible. Gavrikov from Gavrik - on the Don he is both a cunning man and a boy, but in the Oryol region he is a simpleton, a simpleton, a simpleton. Among the Kursk people, to garrul, to garrul is to do something somehow, but in the northern dialects to garrul is to get dirty. In the south of Russia, to ruin is to disgrace, to disgrace. Gavrilikhin. Gavrilikha is Garila's wife. Near Moscow, the village of Gavshino; in the XV-XVI centuries. very common in the Novgorod region and in Western Rus' in general Gavsha - Gabriel. Names in Gan- can also be formed from other names. In the Petrovsky dictionary, Gan is a derivative form of such names as Agap, Agafya, etc.

Gaev - 1. Gai, grove in Ukrainian. 2. Guy – Russian name (born of the earth).

Gilev - Gil in some dialects is a bullfinch bird. In ancient times, turmoil was the name given to unrest and rebellion. However, there are other explanations. For example, in the Kostroma region, gil is a crowd, as well as nonsense, nonsense. In the north of Rus', gil is a joker, a joker, while in the south, gilit is to serve, serve according to the conditions of the game, for example, ball or pile.

Glazunov - Glazun - big-eyed, with bulging eyes, and also one who likes to stare: a mouthful, an onlooker. Options for nicknames could be: Glazaty, Glazach, Glazey, etc. - hence other surnames starting with Glaz- (E). In Dahl's vocabulary you can find other meanings of words with the root eye, which could become nicknames and give the basis of a surname: eye - a leaf bud, a pebble, a pearl (about a ring), a network cell. Surnames and nicknames are repeatedly mentioned in Veselovsky’s “Onomasticon”: Glaz, Glazovs, Moscow Glazun - a mouthful, a slacker; fried egg - fried egg.

Glazov is the same as Glazunov.

Gniloukhov - Many nicknames were given to a person according to his appearance, due to physical disabilities.

Goncharov - The surname comes from the name of the father’s profession, potter - “a master who makes pottery.” Goncharuk, Goncharenko are Ukrainian, and surnames with -enko are typical for the eastern regions and are found in the south of Russia, -uk - for the western regions. Surnames without special names suffixes -Gonchar- are more common in Ukraine but also exist in Russia. Goncharik is Belarusian.

Grigoriev - From derivative forms of the name Gregory (from Greek - “awake”). Grinkov - Patronymic from the diminutive form Grinko from the canonical male personal name Grigory (via the intermediate form Grinya). The Gritsky surname is an interesting evidence of resettlement processes in Russia. The derivative form Gritsko is typical for Ukrainians, and surnames with the ending - they are considered northern, were brought to Siberia and became typical Siberian surnames. Perhaps the ancestor of the owner of such a surname was a migrant from Ukraine to Siberia.

Gryazev - The surname is formed from the nickname or non-church name Gryaz, Gryazny.

Golovin - Golovan, golovach - a big-headed man. The nickname Golovan is “big-headed”, recorded in Vologda dialects. Obviously, the main advantage of the founders of these surnames was their head - either in its size or in its unsurpassed mental acuity. In addition, in the old days the boss was called the head. There were Streltsy heads, convoy heads, customs heads, written heads, etc. Variants of surnames: Golovarev, most likely, is based on the word leader in the full-voiced Old Slavonic version - golovar. Golovnev, perhaps from the word smut - smoldering coal. Golovshchikov, from golovshchik - choirmaster - head - in the monastery. In Dahl's dictionary, a golovshchik is also a merchant in a knocked-down style, selling food; criminal, criminal, criminal. There you can also find quite a few words with the root head, which could become the basis for nicknames and surnames. For example, the surname Golovyashkin, the little head is the part of the bast shoe where the fingers are.

Golubev - Dove, dove, dove - the name of the same bird, and the surname is formed from a nickname or worldly name. The surname Golubev can also be associated with color. Dahl's Dovekeeper is a lover of keeping pigeons and at the same time a dovecote hawk. Golubinsky, Golubovsky, Golubitsky may have a geographical basis.

Golubchikov - Golubtsov - cabbage roll, a forgotten word of endearment, from the modern darling.

Gorbunov - The surname comes from the nickname hunchback, hunchback. Hunchback - endearment from Hunchback. The surname is clear - they are based on the word hump. This physical defect gave rise to other surnames with the same basis. The surname Gorbenko, Gorban, Gorbatko, Gorbach, Gorbachenko is of Ukrainian origin with the same meaning. Gorbanevsky and Gorbachevsky may be derived from geographical names, and are probably of Ukrainian or Polish origin. Each surname is individual and the final answer can only be given by studying its roots.

Gorshkov - The nickname Pot could have been given for various reasons. In the story “Alyosha the Pot,” L.N. Tolstoy cites one of them: “Alyosha was the younger brother. They called him the Pot because his mother sent him to carry a pot of milk to the deaconess, he tripped and broke it. His mother beat him, and the boys began teasing him “Alyoshka Potty” - that’s how he got his nickname.” Gorshkalev is a Belarusian surname.

Grankin-Gran is an old name. From the Latin word "granum" - grain. Granya is a diminutive form of the names Gran and Evgraf (from the Greek “written handsome man”). We also encounter a curious phenomenon in Russian phonetics: the appearance of an additional sound at the beginning of a word (prosthesis, that is, an extension). But for the convenience of pronunciation of the surname Granov, a was sometimes added: Agran. This is where the Agranovs came from. (F).

Gryazev - The surname is formed from a nickname or non-church name Gryaz, Gryazny

Gulyaev - Gulyai is an Old Russian name. The common meaning of the word "walk" is: boisterous, riotous. In the same row are Pogulyaev, Podgulyaev, Razgulev, Zagulyaev. Take a walk, take a walk, take a walk - a very eloquent nickname - a boisterous, riotous, cheerful person.

Gusev - A surname formed from a non-church name or nickname Goose, Gusak. "Bird" names were not uncommon in Russian villages. Dahl's goose farmer is a goose trader or goose shepherd.

Davydov - From the Orthodox baptismal name David - Davyd and comes from a male name from ancient Hebrew. "favorite" and its derivative forms.

Denisov - From Greek name Denis (Dionysius - “god of the vital forces of nature, god of winemaking”). colloquial. Denisy, old. Dionysius. All surnames are from the baptismal name Denis and its derivative forms. The main surname Denisov ranks 97th in the list of the most common Russian surnames. Dionisov, a seminarian could also get such a surname. There was a tradition in seminaries to give students surnames after mythological characters. Denisenko, Denisyuk of the suffixes in Ukrainian onomastics, two are especially common: -enko in the east of Ukraine and -uk, -yuk in the west. Denisenko and Denisyuk originally meant “little Denis”, and then “son of Denis”, and finally they turned into hereditary surnames.. Denisevich Patronymic surnames in -ich and -ovich/-evich are typical for Ukrainian nomenclature (not found in Russian ) and can be formed from the full or diminutive form of the baptismal name. Surnames in -ich, however, are more likely to belong to the Belarusian than to the Ukrainian area. . Dzeniskevich. A surname with c or d should be read Belarusian if it comes from an Orthodox baptismal name, which is hardly used in the Polish environment associated with the Catholic tradition, for example: Dzeniskevich Dzyanis (Ukrainian Denis, Polish Dyonizy).

Deryabin - Deryabin in the Vladimir province was called a crybaby, a roar, in Ryazan - a brawler, a bully. In the Middle Urals, a restless child is still called a mess. The surname is originally a patronymic from the church male name (or nickname) Deryaba, which is based on the common noun Deryaba, widespread with different meanings over a vast territory: “crybaby”, “brawler”, “bully”, “arrogant”, “arrogant”, “ singing out of tune,” “drinking vodka” (cf. deryabnit - “drink vodka” (Sl. Russian gov.). With such diversity of meanings, it is impossible to establish which of them served in one case or another as the source of the surname. Deryaba (or Deryaga) in addition, it can have another meaning, fieldfare bird or fieldfare - 1) fieldfare, 2) screamer, roar, 3) fighter.

Dmitriev - Last name Dmitriev formed from the full form of the male name Dmitry (church. Dimitri Greek demetrios - subject to Demeter, the goddess of fertility and agriculture), by adding the patronymic suffix -ev. But maybe the surname Dmitriev was formed from the surname Dimitriev, because... in Russian speech, an unstressed vowel in the middle of a word can be dropped. Similar surnames, going back to the full forms of male names, are the most common among Russian surnames. All these surnames could be formed from various derivative forms from the name Dmitry - Dima, Dmitro, Mitya, Mityai, Mityunya, etc. A small number of Russian surnames of Bulgarian origin are the surnames of Bulgarian emigrants who came to Russia mainly in the 19th century (for example, Dmitrov) . Some colonies of Bulgarian peasants in Bessarabia and Ukraine apparently did not have much influence on Russian onomastics. Most of them are now completely assimilated and are no longer considered surnames of Bulgarian origin. In the surname Dimitrov, this origin is indicated by the suffix -ov and the final accent (in Russian it will be Dimitriev). Dmitrienko, Dmiterko, Dmitro, Dmitruk - as a rule, Ukrainian surnames. Some of the surnames could come from forms of other church names, for example, Dimiy (Dim, Greek name Demios from dimios - national, chosen by the people), Mitrofan (Mitya, Greek mitir, meter + faino - mother + show, represent), Vladimir ( truncated Dima, from ancient German Valdemar from valdan + mar - to possess + glory; reinterpreted from the basics of the words to possess + peace). Dima- toponym (geographical name), Greek city. Dimitrovo, Dmitriev, Dmitrievka, Dmitrov, Dmitrovka, Dmitrovsk- toponyms (geographical names). Michura- old glory Name; in some dialects a gloomy, taciturn, grumpy person. Mitusit- look with one eye, squint with one eye; fuss.

Dmitrievsky - see - Dmitriev.

Dolganov - tall people were called dolgans and dolgush in Rus'.

Dunaev - Everyone will remember the Danube River, but the matter is not so simple. The Danube flowed far from the ancient Russian populated territories. The word "Danube" has long been held in high esteem by the Eastern Slavs, both as a personal name and as an element of song refrains. The mystery is still unresolved; it is believed that the Danube Eastern Slavs- the pagans named any fast and full-flowing river, and the name Danube was given to children in honor of such a river, or rather, in honor of the spirit of such a river. In Russian epics there are heroes named Danube and Stream. But Dunaevsky, Dunaysky, Dunaevtsev most likely come from the name of the river, and indicate the homeland or place of service of the ancestor of the family.

Dyakov - Deacon - assistant priest (servant of the Orthodox Church).

Evdokimov - On behalf of Evdokim (from Greek - “glorious, surrounded by honor”). Evdosha, Evdak is a derivative form of this name. There is a whole galaxy of similar surnames, derived from various folk and diminutive forms of the baptismal name Evdokim - glorious (Greek): Avdonya, Avdosha, Evdonya, etc. - Avdonin, Avdonkin, Aldakov, Aldonin, Aldoshin, Evdakov, Evdonin, Evdoshin, Eldonin. To the ear it seems that the surname Evdokimov (Ovdokimov) is very far from them, but in fact, here it is capitalized.

Evseev - Evsey, Ovsey, Avsey - derivative forms of the name Eusebius, which translated from Greek means “pious”. Patronymic from the everyday form Evsey from the canonical male name Eusebius (ancient Greek eusebes - “pious”). From the same name - other derivative forms, of different degrees, also formed patronymics, which became surnames: Avseev, Avseenko, Avseykin, Avsyukov, Evseichev, Evseykin, Evsyutin, Evsyutkin, Evsyukhin, Evsyushin, Evsyushkin, Ovseev and others. Evseichev. Patronymic of the 2nd degree “son of Evseich”, i.e. in turn, from the patronymic “son of Evsey”, thus Evseichev is “grandson of Evsey”.

Egorov -In the Russian language, the anonical name Georgiy (Georgiy - from the Greek "farmer") was fixed in three forms: church - Georgiy, Scandinavian, who came with the Varangians - Yuri, and Russian colloquial - Egor (Egoriy). Egoshin - Patronymic from the form Egosha , which could arise from the colloquial form Egor (the canonical male personal name Georgiy) or from the dialect verb egoshitsya - in the Ural dialects “to fidget, to sit restlessly.” Egorikhin from Egorikh - Egor’s wife.

Elantsev - Elan - a large clearing, an open place.

Elizarov - Patronymic on behalf of Elizar, Russian version of the baptismal name Eleazar (from ancient Hebrew - “God has had mercy”).

Epanchintsev - Wide, sleeveless cloak; Epanchinnik is a tailor who sews boots.

Eremin - The surname is derived from the folk form Erem or the calendar name Ermiy, Ermey.

Ermakov - On behalf of Ermalai, Ermey.

Ershov - Patronymic from the non-church name Ersh. “Fish” nicknames were common in the old days and became names in parallel with church ones. Ershikha is the wife of the one whose name is Ersh.

Zhidelev – This surname was given in a Tatar family and reflected the children’s account. Russian version - Semerikov.

Zhikharev - Zhikhar: 1) a wealthy old-timer; 2) daredevil, daredevil, dancer. It’s not for nothing that the saying goes: “The devil is such that he can out-dance everyone.” The Zhikharevs are a noble family. Their ancestor, Inozem Zhikharev, was a clerk in Pskov in 1577. Stepan Danilovich Zhikharev was the ruler of the Vyatka Viceroyalty in 1780. Sergei Stepanovich Zhikharev, who lived in the 19th century, was a senator.

Zhukov - Surnames derived from the names of insects are quite common. Insects have always been in the field of human vision, and the diversity of their species and characteristics has led to the choice of some for nicknames. Two surnames from the names of insects are included in the hundred most common Russian surnames: Zhukov (61st place) and Komarov (80th). Related surnames: Zhukovsky, Zhuchkov and Komarovsky are more rare.

Zavyalov - 1. Zavyal, wilted - lethargic, sleepy, so slow that in winter it can be covered with snow (withered) while walking. They joked about the late winter guests: “We thought they were withering, but with the cart in the yard.” 2. Zavyal - a non-church name common in the old days. In dictionaries there are two meanings of the words wilted: “blizzard, blizzard” (Kaluga, Onega) and “sluggish, slow” (Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod). The first could be given to a child born during a snowstorm, the second could also become a nickname. The suffix -ov indicates the existence of a nickname in the form Zavyal or Zavyalo. The surname is found in the Vladimir region, the Middle Volga region, Transbaikalia and with a record high frequency in the Tobol region.

Zamyatin- Hush- a blizzard, a blizzard, but also noise, screaming, indignation. In ancient times there was a "protective" name Jams: screamer, screamer. Already from the 15th century. it can be traced as a surname, taking the form Zamyatnin. Somewhat later, it became an independent surname Zamyatin.

Zakharov - The surname is derived from the baptismal name Zachary (ya) (from ancient Hebrew - “joy; memory of God”), in common parlance Zakhar. The name was used by both Ukrainians (surnames Zakharuk, Zakharchuk, Zakharenko) and Belarusians (surnames Zakharchenok, Zakharchenya).

Zuev - Zuy, plover - the regional name for some wading birds from the genus of waders. Figuratively: a nickname for a living, active person. There is a saying: “Wiggle like a prick.” The surname is ubiquitous. Zuy is an old male name. Found in documents from the 15th to 17th centuries. In Veselovsky’s “Onomasticon” it is noted: “Zuy, Zuiko, Zuev is found everywhere.” Another meaning is given there: a boy-cook in an artel.

Zyryanov - The surname is based on the ethnonym Zyryan, which in the past was mistakenly called the Komi people. The nickname Zyryan, Zyryan, Zyryan could have been received not by a representative of this people, but by 1. or a person similar in features to a Zyryan, 2. or who lived for a long time among the Zyryans and then settled in a Russian village.

Ivanov - The most common surname in Rus' comes from the baptismal name John - the mercy of God (Hebrew) - in its worldly form Ivan. Over the course of many centuries, several dozen surnames arose from the colloquial forms of this name. Ivakin, Ivanaev, Ivanishin, Ivanishchev, Ivankin, Ivanusev, Ivanushkin, Ivanyev, Ivankov, Ivanshin, Ivakhnov, Ivachev, Ivashishin, Ivashkin, Ivashkov, Ivashnev, Ivashnikov, Ivashov and many others, right there Ioannov.

Ivkov - Iva, Ivka - can be a derivative form of the name Ivan, or an independent name or nickname. In Veselovsky’s “Onomasticon”: Iva Ivan Borisovich Galitsky, second half of the 15th century; from him - Ivina.

Ivlev - Ivliy - a variant of the ancient Russian name Ioliy (Joel), in Hebrew - Lord God. In Ertel's novel "Gardenins" a headman named Ivliy is introduced. The diminutive form Ivlya gave rise to the name Ivlichev. Surnames that include two patronymics: Ievl, Iovl, Ivl, i.e. svn Job (Ieva).

Izotov - the surname comes from the Russian name Izot.

Inyutin - on behalf of Innocent.

Isakov is a surname found among both Jews and Slavs; it is formed from the name Isaac.

Istomin - Patronymic from the non-church male personal name Istoma, common among Russians until the 17th century. Sl contains more than a hundred examples. Tupikov, mainly from the northern half of European Russia; some researchers suggest southern origin this surname. The basis of the name is Istoma; perhaps the name is associated with difficult childbirth (like Tomilo).

Kazakov - A lively, daring man, as well as a farm laborer who was hired for a year.

Kazantsev - from the word kazanets - a resident of the city of Kazan. Similar surnames were common among merchants traveling to different places.

Kamyshev - The basis is the word Kamysh, and not a common noun, but a proper name. In the old days there were popular names and nicknames from the names of plants or animals. Reed is one of these names.

Kapustin - Patronymic from the non-church male personal name Cabbage, not uncommon among Russians in the 15th-16th centuries.

Karataev - Karatay (low), Karatay - ethnic group (Tataria).

Karelin - Perhaps (Karenin) from the nickname korotay - short.

Karpov - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Karp (Greek karpos - “fruit”), the fish carp has nothing to do with it. Many derivative forms of this name have developed in Russian usage; Their patronymics also became surnames. Ukrainian - Karpenko, Karpushenko, Karpovich, Karpun, etc. (N) The common surname Karpov can come from both the baptismal name Karp and the name of the fish carp. The relatively high frequency of this surname (73rd place in the frequency list) suggests that it most likely comes from a baptismal name. From some derivative forms of the name Karp, the following surnames were formed: Karputkin Karputka, Karpyshev Karpysh, Karpukhin Karpukha, Karptsev Karpets, Karpunichev Karpunya Karpushkin Karpushka Karpeev Karpy, the form is formed by adding -ey to the full name Karp. Karpovtsev. Surnames in -ovtsev go back to baptismal names not directly, but through the place names -ob, or -ovo, formed from them. Karpishin. Some Ukrainian surnames are formed from the mother’s name, which itself is an andronym, that is, derived from the husband’s name. If, for example, the husband's name was Karp, then his wife was called Karpikha, and then the andrometronymic surname will end in -ishin. Karpenya. Although the type of surnames is -en-, -yonya. and is found in Ukrainian, but it is more typical of Belarusian onomastics. Karpets. Surnames with the diminutive suffix -yots are rare in Belarusian onomastics. The surname Karpinsky comes from the name of the settlement Karpin, which in its

Kataev - Roll, live without looking back, spin, hence roll - a reckless, riotous person.

Kaurov-Kaury is a horse with light chestnut reddish hair, hence the nickname

a person with the same hair color.

Kirillov - Patronymic from various forms of the canonical male personal name Kirill (the name is believed to be from ancient Greek kyrios - “lord, ruler”); the suffixes -ov and -in are equivalent, forming possessive adjectives (whose son), but -in is added to the stems on a, therefore Kirilin is from the form Kiril, and Kirilov from Kiril and Kirilo. In both cases, the spelling fluctuated - with one l or with two. Modern Russian orthography, having eliminated the doubling of consonants in many common nouns, allows (but does not oblige, since first names, patronymics and surnames are written not according to rules, but according to documents) to simplify the writing of proper names. Other surnames arose from diminutive forms. In some dialects, the initial Kir- was replaced by Kur-, which in turn gave a whole series of surnames, Kirilov - Kurilov, Kirilin - Kurilin, etc. Kirilyuk, Kirilenko, Kirichenko are Ukrainian surnames of similar origin.

Knyazev - the surname is derived from the nickname Prince, very common among Novgorod peasants. A person who was in the service (military or civil) of a real prince could be called a prince. In an ancient wedding ceremony, the groom was called a prince on his wedding day. In different places in Russia, every Tatar was called a prince as a joke or as a sign of respect.

Kovalev - From the word “koval” - blacksmith. The most common surname among Poles is Kovalevsky, among the southern Slavs there are numerous bearers of surnames from the word “kovach” - blacksmith, the same meaning among German surname Schmidt, among English-speaking peoples - Smith.

Kokorin - A stooped, bow-legged man.

Kolesnikov - Possibly a Russian surname Kolesnikov formed from the name or nickname Kolesnik, by adding the Russian patronymic suffix -ov. The complex suffix -nik is typical for surnames derived from the names of professions ending in -nik. In the nickname Kolesnik, the suffix -ik actually indicates the profession, and the suffix -n- acts as an adjective suffix. Those. A wheelwright is a wheelwright (compare Shaposhnikov, Reshetnikov, Myasnikov, etc.). Therefore, the nickname Kolesnik belonged more likely to a person who makes wheels than to a madman or a bespectacled man. The surname Kolesnikov may be of Ukrainian origin and sounded like Kolesnik (compare with the Ukrainian surnames Berdnik, Melnik, Miroshnik, etc.), and then was Russified. Kolesnik- a wheelwright who makes riding or carriage wheels; in some dialects, a humorous nickname for a person wearing glasses (especially pince-nez); naughty, crazy (talking nonsense).

Kolchin - Kolcha is someone who has one leg shorter than the other.

Komarov - Surnames derived from the names of insects, through corresponding nicknames, are not numerous compared to “bird” and “animal” surnames. Nevertheless, two of them were included in the first hundred of used Russian surnames - Komarov (80) and Zhukov (61). The nickname mosquito could have been given to a short or annoying person. In some dialects, instead of “mosquito” they say “kumar”. Komarovsky, Komarevsky Ukrainian or Polish surnames from a name like Komarovo, Komarya.

Konin - 1. Nickname Horse, 2. A person who cares for horses.

Konnov - Kononov - from Konon; it was a very common name in the old days, borrowed from the Greeks. Konnov - contracted form from Kononov; the remaining surnames are from various derivative forms of the name Konon.

Konovalov - Konoval is a man who treats horses.

Kopylov - Surname from a nickname for household items, “kopyl” is part of a spinning wheel.

Korobitsin - Shipbuilder, owner, boss. A shipbuilder is a servant on a ship.

Korotovskikh, Korotaev, Korotkov - Korotaev. 1) Karatai is a representative of an ethnic group living in several villages in Tataria. 2) Korotai is a short, that is, short person. In Cherepovets dialects, korotyai means “short.” The remaining surnames also come from nicknames characterizing a person’s height. Karataev may also be of Turkic origin.

Koryakin - From the colloquial form of Koryak. The snag is the one that squirms.2 Stubborn and intractable.

Krivonogov - Kokora - a tree uprooted, or its lower part. Nickname for a stooped, bow-legged person. They said about this: “Krivulin in his youth, kokor in old age.” Patronymic from the nickname Kokora, documented back in the 15th century. The surname Kokorin is widespread in the Southern Trans-Urals. The common noun kokora, common in the north of European Russia, the Urals and Siberia, had many meanings, of which the basis of the nickname could be “stump”, “crooked tree”; kokoristy - “stubborn, wayward, stingy” Kokora, kokor - a timber with a rhizome or with a knee for building ships

Krivykh - Krivets is a crooked, one-eyed man.

Kruglikov - A plump, round person was called a Kruglikov. But this could also be the name of a person who baked puff pastry rounds for sale.

Krylov - The surname was often assigned to students of theological seminaries. It seemed to symbolize taking off upward, to the heavens. It is no coincidence that angels have always been depicted with wings.

Kudin - Various forms of the church name Akindin (from Greek "safe") have given rise to many surnames. Kudimov, Udimov can also be a form of the name Nikodim (from Greek “victorious people”). Kadimov - possibly a variant of Kudimov; Kinyashev from Kinyash from Kin, a short form of this name. Kudinovs. From Kudinov Kadysh (Kadyr), who switched to Russian service, probably from Kazan and was a former serving Tatar, ambassador in 1554 - 1556. The surname is possibly from the distorted Kazan-Tatar Kudai - Khudai “god, Allah” (Gafurov 1987, p. 154).

Kuznetsov, Kovalenko - Patronymic from the father's name by occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary and well-known person in the village, naming on this basis was universal. Therefore, the surname Kuznetsov is one of the most common in Russia; 78 thousand Kuznetsovs lived in Moscow (1964) (second in number only to the Ivanovs, of whom there were 90 thousand). In some localities, the surname Kuznetsov took first place in frequency (for example, in 17 volosts of the Kerensky and Chembarsky districts of the Penza province in 1917, out of 69 thousand Russians included in the calculations, 1031 people were Kuznetsovs). In the country as a whole, the spread of the surname Kuznetsov is somewhat limited by the use of the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word koval with the same meaning of “blacksmith,” so surnames with this stem spread from the west and southwest. Other nations also have very common surnames with a stem meaning “blacksmith,” for example, the most common English surname is Smith, and the most common German surname is Schmidt. Kovalev is one of the most common Russians; surnames, although the word “koval” does not exist in the Russian literary language. In southern Russia and Ukraine, a blacksmith is called a farrier. “If you’re not a farrier, don’t dirty your hands” (that is, don’t get dirty) - popular wisdom advises; don't take on a job you don't know. Kovalenya. One of the suffixes forming Belarusian surnames is -enya. Kowalski is a Polish or Ukrainian surname. Kovalikhin and Kuznechikhin, metronymic surnames, are derived from the name of a woman, the wife of a blacksmith. Kovalkov, Kovankov - Russified Ukrainian or Belarusian surnames.

Kuzmin - the surname comes from the male name Kuzma.

Kulikov - Surnames with bird roots are widespread in the Russian environment. Veselovsky has Ivan Ivanovich Kulik Samarin; Kulikovs. landowners, late 15th century, Novgorod. Surnames in ----- are usually Ukrainian or Polish, while in -i they are typical for the North and Siberia.

Kutikov - From the nickname of the clergy: a hint of their attachment to funeral food.

Lebedev - The names of animals and birds were the sources of nicknames from which many “bird” surnames were subsequently formed. The Lebedevs are in 2nd place among them, and in the frequency list of all Russian surnames they are in 13th place. This surname is widespread among the Russian clergy and can be of artificial origin, just like surnames in -Sky. Another variant of origin has the same root surnames Lebedintsev, Lebezheninov, Lebedinsky and Lebedyansky from the names of the cities - Lebedin (Sumy region) and Lebedyan (Lipetsk region) (F). The Turkic Lebedin people are also known in the former Biysk and Kuznets districts, in Siberia. However, Lebedinsky may also have seminary warneys, in honor of the noble bird. And the winch (Lebedkin) in some dialects.

Ledenev - Ice - ice floe, piece of ice. Apparently a nickname for a cold, emotionless person.

Litvinov - Litvins: Russians and Belarusians who, before the reunification of Russia, lived as part of the Lithuanian and Polish-Lithuanian states.

Litovko - Not all Litvinovs are descendants of Lithuanians. The Russians also called Belarusians Litvins, who, before reunification with Russia (the end of the 18th century), lived for a long time as part of the Lithuanian and then the Polish-Lithuanian state. IN Belarusian language Instead of the Russian soft d, it is pronounced dz. There was a proverb about a Belarusian: “No matter how much a Litvin repents, he will not dzek” (when he starts speaking Russian). Litvinets is a form of nickname for a Lithuanian, like a Ukrainian. Litvinenko, Litvinonko are Ukrainian surnames of the same origin.

Lobanov - 1. All surnames come from words denoting a big-browed, large-browed person.

2. In some places, a large, strong person is called a loban. Loban, forehead - this is how in Rus' they called a person who was savvy, quick-witted, and sometimes distrustful, secretive, and it’s not without reason that they say: “squinting from under his brows.” Related surnames: Lobarev, Lobastov, Lobachev, Lobashkov, Lobashov, Lobashev. S.N. Lobanov (Donetsk) recalls the common family surname of the Lobanov-Rostov princes, whose ancestor, the foreigner Vauban, passed on at the end of the 15th century. into the service of the Moscow Tsar and became the ancestor of the Lobanovs. This is recorded in the genealogies. But it should be taken into account that many genealogies of noble families are falsified (in order to hide the common origin, they invented, for example, a foreign ancestor). In addition, many branches of the Lobanovs are older than the named one, for example, the branch coming from the Ryapolovsky prince Andrei Loban, the beginning of the 15th century. Finally, the very transformation of Vauban into Loban is due precisely to the rethinking of the familiar Russian name Loban. But the main thing is that there are many Lobanovs; the author of the letter himself indicates that his ancestors were serfs. The surname is undoubtedly based on the patronymic from the Russian non-ecclesiastical name Loban from the common noun loban - “foreheaded (with a large forehead)”, in some dialects - “tall”.

Lukinykh - This surname is derived from the names Luka (from Lat. - “luminous”) and Lukyan (from Lat. - “son of Luka, bright”). Lukonia, Lukuta, Lutonya, Lutokha are diminutive forms of the names Luka, Lukyan. Luksha from the canonical male name Lukian (everyday - Lukyan) with the suffix -sh-(a), like Vansha, Niksha and other colloquial formations. Sochetanik-kshin is typical for the north-western regions. (see Akinshin) Last name Lunchenkov from visitors' requests. Her true name is Luncha Lunya Lukain. The suffix -enkov is typical either for Russified Ukrainian surnames (Lunchenko), or for Russians, common in the south of Russia, in areas bordering Ukraine. The surname Lukmanov may have other origins.

Lytkin - The surname is associated with the old Russian word lytka, which denoted the leg and its parts, the verb lytat - “to run away, wander, shirk from business.” The nickname Lytka was recorded in Novgorod in 1478, repeatedly in the scribe book of Yaroslavl in 1671; Probably, the Novgorodians brought it to the Perm lands, where by the end of the 19th century. The surname Lytkin is not uncommon. The All-Russian census of 1897 documented this surname in the Trans-Urals in the forms Lydkin and Lytkin (Yurginskaya vol. of Yalutorovsky district, Garinskaya vol. of Turinsky district // Tobolsk archive, f. 417, sv. 214, 189) - this is not a mistake of the scribes : in Northern Russian dialects the word lydy is “legs” or “long legs” (according to Dahl - Eastern Russian and Vologda).

Lyapunov - Blooper, blunder - the one who does everything somehow, clumsily, hastily and poorly; speaks rudely and inappropriately, “blurs out.” Despite such negative meanings, Lyapa and Lyapun as personal names (non-church names) were very common in the old days. Perhaps they have become so accustomed to them that they have ceased to be associated with the original common meaning of both words. Lyapa - this is how a blow with the palm of the hand was called in the old days, a slap, a slap in the face and an appropriate nickname was given to those prone to assault. Lyapun is a lousy craftsman or painter. The residents of Arkhangelsk have a blunder - a mallet for killing fish. In addition, this word, as well as the lyapunok, has the meaning - moth. Surnames could come from these nicknames.

Lyakhov - Originally a patronymic from the father's name Lyakh, as the Poles were called for a long time, from the name of the Slavic tribe Lyakh (lekh). In the Moscow state, this was the name given not only to the Poles themselves, but also to other subjects of the Polish state; The nickname Poles was also given to those who visited Poland or adopted some Polish trait, for example, in clothing - during close communication with Poland in the 16th-17th centuries. this was not uncommon.

Makarov - Patronymic name from the name Makar (from the Greek "makarios" - happy). Makasha - diminutive forms. Makarenko is Ukrainian, Makarevich is Belarusian forms of this surname. Makarikha is the wife of Makar. Makarychev is the grandson of Makar. Makarovsky - either from a geographical name or from a name. Makarenkov - either Russified Ukrainian, or South Russian, from the regions bordering Ukraine.

Maksimovsky - All surnames are formed from the name Maxim (from Greek - “greatest, huge”) and derivative colloquial forms of this name - Maksak, Maksyuta, Makshey.

The surname Maksakov may also be of Mordovian origin: Erzyan. maksak - “mole”. (N) Less commonly from other canonical names: Maximian (from Latin - belonging to Maxim), Maxian, Maxmilian (from the combination of the names Maxim + Emilian). The Ukrainian surname Maksimonko is an affectionate form of the name; the Ukrainian surname Maksimyat actually means “one of the Masimyat family,” originally “son of Maksim.”

Malyshev - the surname comes from ancient Russian, non-church names and affectionate nicknames that were given to children.

Markov – Mark are derivative forms of the name Mark.

Maslennikov - Maslennik is an oil merchant. But Maslov (from visitors’ requests) from a non-baptismal name or nickname Maslo. Such names, from the names of products, were known in Rus'. Maslovsky, possibly a Ukrainian surname, from the geographical name Moaslovo, Masvloka, etc. In Dahl's dictionary, there are many derivative words from the word butter, oily with different meanings. Maslyak is a goat mushroom, Maslyak is also a mushroom, Masleik is a favorite, a darling.

Makhnev – Makhno is a derivative form of the name Matvey and Epimakh. "Epimah" - provides medical assistance.

Medvedev - in Rus', the leaders of a tamed bear were called bear bears.

Medvedkov - see Medvedev.

Mezentsev - Mezen - a resident of the banks of the Mezen River, which flows into the White Sea.

Meluzov - from the nickname of a small, frail person.

Moiseev - From the baptismal name Moses - saved from the water (other Hebrew) and its forms: Monya - Monin, colloquial Mosey - Moseyev, etc.

Mokrousov - From nicknames going back to the word wet - raw. Mokrousov is someone who drinks a lot, not necessarily alcohol. Mokrusha can be someone who often walked wet as a child, or lived in a wet place, near a swamp. Mokrotovarov is a merchant of damaged goods, and maybe one day he drowned the goods, but the nickname was preserved and became a part of the children’s surnames. The replacement of Makrosov could have occurred either because of a clerk's mistake or because of a bad speech.

Mokritsky is a Ukrainian surname from a geographical name with the same root. Mokryakov may also come from the nickname crybaby.

Mochalov – From the worldly name Mochalo (using a “fake” name in order to protect yourself from “evil forces”).

Mylnikov - Mylnik is a person engaged in the production and sale of soap.

Nazarov - From the baptismal name Nazar - dedicated to God (Hebrew) - other surnames originated. Nazartsev, Nazarev, Nazarev...

Nemchinov - Nemchin, a German is not necessarily a resident of Germany, as we call them now. In the old days, for a Russian person, a German was any foreigner, a stranger, because he did not speak Russian, he was, as it were, dumb. A German is a mute. Options: Nemtsov, Nemchinin, Nemushkin.

Nesterov - Patronymic from the canonical male personal names Nester, Nestor and Nestorius. Nesterenkov is a Russified form of a Ukrainian surname with the same base. Nesterenko, Nesteruk - Ukrainian.

Novikov - One of the most common surnames could be formed in several ways: Novik - 1) princely servant, page; 2) rookie, novice; newly entered into office, into the service, accepted into a share, artel, society, brotherhood. Novik is a new month. Due to family traditions, nobles have traditionally placed the emphasis in this (and some other surnames) on the last syllable - Novikov. Consonant - Novichikhin, Novichkov, related - Novozhilov, Novoseltsev

Nosov - The surname is so familiar that it is difficult to even imagine that it was not formed at all from the word sock - short stocking. It appears in documents in the 15th-16th centuries. - Well, what kind of socks are there? There was a nickname or worldly name Nosko, but in general a sock is just a nose. Freckled, short, long, snub-nosed, aquiline, hooked, beautiful - in a word, some special sock became the basis for a nickname and surname. Related: Nosov, Nosakin, Nosachev, Nosenkov, Nosyrev. Well, in a way, since the nose is given to us for smelling: Nyukhalov and Nyukhachev.

Nurpiisov - Surname of Turkic origin. Formed on behalf of Nurbek (Nurbek). This name is a compound of nur - light and bek - master, master. There are several surnames of a mixed type in which the Hyp element - Arabic - comes first. Nur "light", Nuraliev, Nurgaliev "light Ali" Nurmukhamedov - Muhammad is the name of the prophet Nurpeisov Kazakh, pejis/bejis Persian. behist/bihiSt "paradise" Nurberdyev Berdy Turkic. berdi "he gave", perfect form of the verb bermek "to give". Nurumkhanov Khan "overlord".

Butt - The butt is the part of the ax opposite the blade. And in a figurative meaning - deaf, unheard.

Ovsyannikov - Ovsyannik - seller of oats, bread made from oat flour. The proverb: “Don’t break the oatmeal, don’t be a roll.”

Opletaev - Patronymic from the nickname Opletay from the dialect verb to entangle - “to deceive”.

Osipov - The surname of our great poet refers to the whole<гнезду>surnames derived from the baptismal name Esip (Joseph) - God's reward (Hebrew). These are: Yesenev, Yesinin, Yesinov, Esipov, Esichev, Eskin, Eskov. The surnames Osipov and Osichev are derived from the form Osip. However, there are two more possibilities to explain the surname Yesenin. Firstly, in the Ryazan region, the homeland of Sergei Yesenin, yesenya means autumn, and it was in autumn that the poet was born. Secondly, in Rus' there was a nickname Yesenya, first documented in 1590 by the Esipovs - noble families. The founder of the oldest of them, Esip Vasilyevich, was a Novgorod mayor in 1435, his sons: Vasily - thousand, Bogdan and Dimitri - mayors.

Osokin - There are several explanations for the surname, noted back in the 16th century. Kalgan is a capricious, restive, capricious person. The same word means in Tver, Ryazan and Tambov dialects a simple wooden cup, roughly hewn with an ax: a ladle, a bucket, a veal feeder. There is also a plant called galangal: its spicy root is used as food; it is not without reason that they say: galangal vodka, galangal gingerbread. Among the related surnames that arose from the names of plants are: Badyanov, Buryanov, Veresov, Diaghilev, Kamyshev, Konoplin and Konoplev, Krapivin, Kronov (a type of flax), Lozin, Mokhov, Osokin, Plushov, Polynov, Pshenitsyn, Travin (Travkin), Khvoshchev, Khmelev, Shalfeev, Yachmenev.

Okhapkin - the surname comes from the word “armful”.

Pavlenko - From the name Pavel (from Latin - “small”) and its diminutive forms - Pavsha, Pashka, Pashunya, Pashanya, etc. The ancestor of the Pavshins is a warrior who did not fall in battle, and Pavel, nicknamed the diminutive Pavsha. Diminutive forms of names with -sha were finally characteristic of the north-west of Russia, Pskov and Novgorod dialects. There was also a female baptismal name Pavel (derived from the male one) which could also become the basis of some surnames. Pavlikhin - from Pavlikh - Pavel's wife. Pavlenko, Pavlyuchenko, Pavlutsky, Pavlyuk, - Ukrainian surnames, and on -enko are typical for the eastern regions of Ukraine, and on -uk for the western regions.. Pava (Pavin) - short form several names for Pavel - Paul, Peacock, Pavsikakiy (from Greek: remove evil), Pausilipus (Greek: quenching suffering).

Pavlov - One of the most common surnames comes from the baptismal name Pavel - small (Greek). From this name, like from a seed, a powerful “family tree” grew. Pavelev, Pavkin, Pavlenkov, Pavlenov, Pavlikov, Pavlinin, Pavlinov, Pavlikhin, Pavlishentsev, Pavlishchev, Pavlovtsev. Pavlukhin, Pavlukhov, Pavlushin, Pavlushkin, Pavlushkov, Pavlychev, Pavlychin, Pavlyukov, Pavlyuchikov, Pavshin, Pavshukov, Pashaev, Pagianin, Pashenkov, Pashetkin, Pashin, Pashinin, Pashinkin, Pashinov, Pashintsev, Pashikhin, Pashkeyev, Pashkin, Pashkov, Pashnev, Pashunin, Pashutin. Surnames formed from diminutive forms of the name Pavel could also be formed from the names Pankraty and Panteleimon: Panaev, Panin, Panichkin, Pankeev, Pankin, Pankov, Panchishin, Panchurin, Panshin, Pankov.

Palmov - A surname based on the name of an exotic tree that did not grow in Russia, it was sometimes given to seminary students. But there was also a female baptismal Orthodox name Palmyra, and its derivative form Palma is known.

Panov - Tenant - a position at the court in Ancient Rus' for protection and execution of urgent orders. Later, already in the 19th century, farm laborers who lived in the master's house were called tenants. Other similar surnames are known, denoting social status: Barchukov, Bogachev, Boyarinov, Gospodinov, Counts, Dvoryaninov and Dvoryankin, Factories, Korolev, Peasants, Meshchaninov, Millionshchikov, Panov, Princes, Raskolnikov, Starostin, Fabrikantov, Owners, Kholopov, Tsarev.

Pankov – formed on behalf of Pankratiy, Panteleimon.

Pakhomov - One of three: either this surname is based on the verb churning - to whip milk, sour cream; or distorted halibut, palatukhi - fish; or a colloquial form that has taken on such a bizarre form from the name Pakhom, Pachomius - broad-shouldered (Greek). This name and its folk forms also gave rise to surnames: Pafomov, Pakhomychev, Pakhomyev, Pakhmutov. However, perhaps the latter is based on a distorted surname Bakhmutov from bakhmat - a short horse (Turkic).

Pechenkin - From the name of the organ of the human body, the liver. More correctly from the nickname Liver, perhaps a person similar to the liver of an animal. Probably burned, charred, with skin that was caked. The connection with the verb oven is clear. In Dahl's dictionary, pecheya is a cook, a cook, pecheya is a kitchen. But also liver - bruise, bruise, liver - mushroom, liver (tver.) - dear, dear. And there are also the words pecha (from it sadness) - care, zeal, from which nicknames for pecha- could have been formed.

Piskunov - The archaic Russian word bibik meant either bad food or a person with some kind of disadvantage. By the way, there are many surnames that characterize the founder of the surname by his moral or physical shortcomings: Govorunov, Gorlachev and Gorlokhvatov (the one who achieves everything by shouting), Zhmurov (unfriendly), Zashein, Kuksin (sulking - sulking, whining), Merzlyakov, Mokryakov (either a crybaby or..), Molchanov, Morgalev and Morgunov, Piskunov, Plaksin, Puzanovp Pugachev, Revin, Slepakov, Tikhokhodov, Khrapachev, Khripunov and others. The Bibikovs are one of the most famous noble families in Rus', dating back to a native of the Blue Horde Zhidimir.

Plekhanov - Patronymic from the Old Russian non-church male name Plekhan from the common noun Plekhan - “bald”. In Suzdal Rus', Plekhan is a pagan deity; remnants of his cult survived for several centuries, and yet not until the time of the appearance of surnames.

Plotnikov - Carpenter is one of the most ancient occupations in Rus'. At first it was associated with the word raft - dam, fence.

Polev - A few surnames are derived from the word field: Polev, Polevoy, Zapolsky, Polevykh. The latter is one of the ancient polysyllabic surnames in the s: Arzhany and Rye, Berezhny, Blue, Ninth, Wooden, Yellow (covered with abscesses), Golden, Burry, Kovrizhny, Unknown, Nepochaty, Otradny, Memorable, Cook, Jealous, Angry, Knotty , Usatikh, Cheremnykh.

Poluyanov - Surname from the form Poluyan, which was prevalent in Russia, from the canonical male name Polien with a partial reinterpretation of an incomprehensible name, as in the surnames Poluektov, Polukarpov.

Ponomarev - Last name from the father's title: sexton - the lowest rank of the Orthodox Church.

Popov - Popov, Protopopov - senior priest.

Pospelov - To keep up, to keep up means and<созреть>, And<угодить>. One of the most capacious and mysterious proverbs of the Russian people is associated with the word ripe.<Умирает не старый, а поспелый (т. е. готовый для загробной жизни)>. In former times there was a secular name Pospel, which meant a young man who had grown up to military service or marriage (Pospel - a girl of marriageable age). And in seminaries, a student of great age could be called Pospel.

Potekhin - Surname from the non-church male name Potekha, not uncommon in Russia in the 15th-17th centuries. The surname from its diminutive form Poteshka became the surname Poteshkin. According to the 1897 census several families with this surname are recorded in the village of Chindyanovo (now Dubensky district of Mordovia).

Prahov - The surname, most likely, does not come from the usual meanings of the word “dust”. In dialects, the dust is a trader, a dealer, as well as a spendthrift, a reveler.

Pronin – From the folk version Pronya – Prokhor.

Prokhorov - From the baptismal name Prokhor - singer, leader (Greek) - other surnames also originated. Surnames starting with Prosh- can also be derived from derivatives of the name Prokofy.

Ptitsin - Many "bird" signs are formed from nicknames that go back not to the name of a specific bird, but to the general name Bird, Ptah (Ptukha), Pichuga. Such nicknames could be given to agile, nimble, short people. And their descendants became Pichugins, Birds, Ptahinmi, etc.

Wheatgrass - Wheatgrass is a common herbaceous plant. At the end of the 15th century, Pyray Osokin's son Travin lived (an interesting example of homogeneous, in this case “plant” names in one family). The Pyryevs came from him.

Raspopov - Neither the monk nor the abbot - the abbot of the monastery - could marry. So the surnames of Monks and Igumnov could have been born from nicknames (possibly ironic) or from benefactors who sent someone else’s capable child, for example, to study in the city. Option - Monk. Other Orthodox clergy married, and then surnames arose naturally: Popov, Protopopov (senior priest), Dyakonov (assistant priest), Protodyakonov, Ponomarev (clerk, lighting candles and ringing bells), Raspopov (disposed priest), Razdyakonov.

Rudakov, Rudnov - Rudak, ruden - ore (Rudov), that is, red. Rudakov - patronymic from a nickname or non-church male name Rudak. The Common Slavic and Old Russian word ore is “blood”, from which rudak is “red, red”. In the North, the surname Rudakov was very common, here ore - “dirt, stain” and rudak - “dirty, stained”.

Rumyantsev - RUMYANTSEV Rumyantsev was the name given not only to the complexion itself, but also to a ruddy person..

Russians - The first one to be called Russian may have lived in a village where the majority of the inhabitants were not Russians (for example, Komi-Zyryans or Permyaks). Then he could move, but the nickname (or already the surname) remained. And the endings - they are typical for the surnames of just those regions - the north, north-east of Russia.. Such surnames were formed from the address “whose will you be?” - Russians. This appeal can still be heard in villages. It recalls the tradition of large families, when 5-7 generations lived in one yard.

Rybin, Rybnikov - The family of “fish” surnames in Rus' is quite extensive. These surnames could be formed from nicknames or non-baptismal names such as Ryba, Rybka, Rybushka.

Rykunov - Roar - growl. This could be the nickname for a loud child or an adult with a loud voice. Roarer, Roarer - the one who roars. All these words are common Old Russian names. Rychko is a diminutive form of the name Ryk.

Ryumin - Representatives of this family can be proud of their ancestors, information about which is contained in various documents confirming the mark they left in the history of Russia. The surname Ryumin originated from the northeastern regions of the ancient Russian state and has been known since the 17th century. Of course, over time, representatives of this family may live in other historical areas.

The surname Ryumin belongs to a rare and unusual group of Russian surnames formed from intra-family names. The child received an intra-family name only from his parents, and this is the only sign by which intra-family names differ from the nicknames that were usually assigned by neighbors. Of course, not all children had a family name in addition to the official one.

Savintsev - Surname from various forms of diminutive forms of the name Savva (translated from Aramaic - “elder”, “grandfather”), as well as other Christian names beginning with the syllable sa: Savvatiy (ancient Hebrew - Saturday), Savely (ancient. -Heb. - asked from God), Saveriy, Savin (lat. - Sabine). Saushkin - the same as Savushkin, only it fell between the vowels; a frequent phenomenon in Russian phonetics (deushka from girl, Leushka from Levushka). Originally the surname Savinykh - genitive plural adjectives: whose child? - Savinykh. The form of surnames with -i (s) is characteristic of the Russian North and the central black earth regions; from these territories it came to Siberia. Savanin may be from Savanya, a derived form of one of these names. Surnames starting with -enko, -yuk, -uk are Ukrainian, -enok are Belarusian. Savvinsky is a seminary surname, on behalf of a saint or a church named after him.

Savrasov - Savrasy - light red with a black tail and mane, horse color. Probably, the hair color of the ancestors of the family somewhat reminded those around them of the color of a horse. The patronymic from the nickname from the common noun savrasy or savras - “grayish, grayish” (in a figurative meaning it became the nickname of a horse based on color, and then received an evaluative meaning with a touch of condemnation - “rushes like a savras without a bridle”).

Salamatov, Salamatin - Salamata, or salomata, is a folk food: jelly or liquid porridge made from flour with lard or butter. This could be the nickname for a lover of this dish. It is based on the common noun salamata - “liquid food made from cereals or flour with fat and salt” (it is assumed that the word was borrowed from Turkic languages, but this raises objections: there it is borrowed from Russian). It is possible that the surname owes its origin not to this meaning, but to a secondary, derivative one: in some Russian dialects salamata - “chatterbox, chatterbox”, the patronymic from this nickname could become a surname. The surname is often found in the form Solomatin. Straw is the same as straw. Strawman - a merchant or manufacturer of straw. In Dahl's dictionary, salamakha is a sweet and drunken drink, as well as a sluggish, sluggish woman.

Samsonov - From the Orthodox baptismal name Samson (from ancient Hebrew - solar).

Shoemaker - Shoemaker - the one who makes boots, shoes, shoemakers - the son of a shoemaker. But Sapozhkov from the non-baptismal name Sapozhok. Such names from the name of clothing were common in Rus' in the old days.

Sergeev - The surname is formed from the patronymic of the name Sergei (from Latin - “highly revered, high”) and from derivatives of this name. Sergiev, Sergievsky is a surname not formed in Russian traditions; this form, close to the canonical one, was characteristic of the clergy. Sergevnin is a metronymic surname formed from the mother's name after her father's name Sergevna - the daughter of Sergei. The actual Sergevnin is Sergei’s grandson on his mother’s side.

Sidorov - From the name Sidor, common in the old days (Isidore, from Greek - “servant of the goddess Isis”). Sidorenko, Sidochuk is a surname of Ukrainian origin, Sidorenkov is a Russified form of this surname. Sidorovnin has a slightly different origin, but with the same root. From the female Sidorovna - the daughter or wife of Sidor.

Simakov - From various diminutive forms of the names Simeon/Semyon, Sim, Seraphim.

Skvortsov - Possibly a Russian surname Skvortsov formed from the name or nickname Starling, by adding the Russian patronymic suffix -ov. Parents could call a child a starling (in the past, generic names or nicknames from the names of food, household items, and animals were popular), or they could call an adult this way for the ability to whistle beautifully or sing like a starling. In any case, the first bearer of the nickname Starling probably evoked associations with this particular bird among those around him. The prevalence of this surname probably indicates its appearance in the second half of the 19th century. - during the period of “familization” of the Russian population. At the same time, along with the surname Skvortsov, other “bird” surnames Sorokin, Voronin, Grachev, Vorobyov, etc. appeared. Other surnames could be formed from other forms of the nicknames Skvarko, Skvorets, Skvorko and its various forms.

Smetanin - The surname comes from the nickname or non-church name of a person: Smetana - Smetanin. Using the name of a food product as a name was not uncommon in Russian villages. This surname is found everywhere. Sour cream - Ukrainian version. But the sour cream man, sour cream maker, is a trader or manufacturer of sour cream.

Smirnov - Smirnov is one of the most common Russian surnames. In Moscow alone there are seventy thousand Smirnovs. Why? In a large peasant family, quiet, non-shouting children were a great relief for parents. This quality, rare for small children, was imprinted in the worldly name Smirna; it often became the main name of a person for the rest of his life (the church name was forgotten by those around him). From the Smirnykhs came the Smirnovs.

Solovyov - Surnames of this type did not come from the name of the bird, but from the nickname (or non-church name) of a person: Solovey - Solovyov.

Solomin - The surname is derived from the non-baptismal name or nickname Soloma. Such “plants” were widespread in Rus'. In the Dal dictionary, a straw is also a pipe, a strawman is a shed for storing straw, a strawman, a strawman is a straw merchant. . Or from the baptismal name Solomon through the form Soloma or Solome.

Corned beef - Salt has nothing to do with it, but we’ll have to remember the biblical sage King Solomon! Solya, Solonya are diminutive forms of the Christian name Solomon (from ancient Hebrew - “healthy, prosperous”). And in Pskov dialects, a solonya is a slob.

Spirin, Sviridov, Spiridonov - From the name Spiridon (presumably from the Greek “gift of the soul” or from the Latin personal name meaning: born out of wedlock; food basket). Spirya, Svirya is a diminutive form of this name. Svirid is a variant of the name Spiridon.

Stepanov - Patronymics from the diminutive forms Stepunya, Stepukha, Stepusha - derived from the canonical male name Stefan (ancient Greek stefane - “wreath”). Since the sound [f] was not characteristic of the Old Russian language, this name was pronounced in everyday speech as Stepan. These surnames have nothing to do with the word steppe. Stepurin is a patronymic from the affectionate or ironic Stepura form of this name. Stenin - of course, not from "sten", but from the name Sten - a diminutive form of the name Stepan. The remaining surnames are from derivative forms of the same name. Moreover, surnames starting with -enko (Stepanenko, Stepchenko), -uk/-yuk (Stepanyuk, Stepuk) are most likely Ukrainian, because the suffix -enko is common in eastern Ukraine, and -uk/-yuu in western Ukraine.

Strelkov - In the Old Russian language, strelnik meant the same thing as shooter. Strelchenko is a Ukrainian surname.

Strunin - The surname Strunshev could have arisen as a patronymic Strunyashev (i.e. “son of Strunyash”) from the nickname Strunyash, which is based on the verb stronit with the meaning “to strum, to jingle on a stringed instrument” or “to bind, to bind” (cf. to restrain) . However, Strunyash is not recorded anywhere, so the proposed interpretation of the nickname Strunyash remains only a guess. Strunin, Strunnikov obviously have the same explanation.

Stupin - Patronymic from the nickname Stupa from the dialect stupa - “fat, clumsy.” Stupisha is a derived form from Stupa.

Suzdalov - From the name of the father at the place of previous residence, Suzdal - from the ancient Russian city of Suzdal. One of the options for explaining the name of the city refers to the ancient male name Suzdal. Hence the surname Suzdalov. Suzdal may go back to the ancient verb sezdati (modern create) which originally meant “to make from clay” (from Old Russian зъд - clay). Perhaps it was the name of a potter or brickmaker.

Surovtsev - Surovtsev is a stern man. A noun formed from an adjective, just like “lucky” “arrogant”...

Suslov - Wort is fresh, unfermented beer. There is a proverb: “Where the wort is good, the beer will be good.” Or a sweetish drink made from malt and flour, popular in old Rus'. An ancient non-ecclesiastical name. Suslopar is the one who steams (cooks) the wort.

Sutormin - from the word sutora - vanity, disorder.

Sukhanov - Surnames from nicknames or names, going back to the adjective dry - meaning thin or callous, insensitive. Sukhan is skinny and dry. Sukhomlya is a dry, thin person. Dryness - sick or excessively thin. And there are also Sukhorebrov, Sukhorebry, Sukhobokov, Sukhoparov. Redkorebrov is also here.

Sukhonosov - The size and shape of the nose are reflected in many surnames: Gorbonosov, Dolgonosov, Kolbonosov, Karnonosov (i.e. snub-nosed), Grosbeak (with a large nose), Krivonos, Perebeinos (with a broken nose), Shilonosov, Sukhonosik (with a small pointed nose) , Kurnosov, Mokronosov, Kapinosov. Grosbeak is a bird distinguished by a massive beak, hence the man with a large nose. Shilonosov - patronymic from shilonos, i.e. "sharp-nosed".

Sukhorukov - the surname reflected the size and shape of his hands, a man with small, thin hands.

Takmakov - Tokmak, tokmach - wooden hammer, mallet. Perhaps this nickname was given to stubborn, persistent people who “kept at the same thing” until they got their way. The surname Takmakov obviously has the same meaning, only the “acoustic” version.

Talan - Talan" should not be confused with "talent". A person may have talent, but talent - good luck, luck - may not be enough. In order for happiness and good luck to accompany their son all his life, loving parents gave him the name Talan. "Whoever has talent, he will be an ataman." Sayings about a loser: "Our Ivan has no talent for anything," "My talent was eaten by a ram." There is also a seminary surname Talantov, from the word "talent", which could be received by students who were successful in their studies, and Talanin, Talankin could be colloquial forms of this surname..

Cockroaches - It happened in ancient times, although not often, that a person received a nickname from the name of an insect. This is how the surnames that exist in our time appeared: Blokhin, Botkin, Zhukov, Klopov, Komarov, Kuznechikov, Motylev, Moshkin, Mukhin, Muravyov and Muravlev, Murashkin, Murashkov, Murashov, Paukov, Pautov (pautov - gadfly), Pchelin and Pchelkin , Saranchin and Saranchev, Sverchkov, Slepnev (horsefly - gadfly), Cockroaches, Trutnev (drone - male bee), Khrushchev (Khrushchev - bumblebee), Shershnev, Shmelev. Of these, the most common are Zhukov and Komarov.

Tarasov - From various forms of the baptismal name Taras (troublemaker, rebel - Greek). Tarasov / Taranov Taras / Taran, i.e. Taran form of the name Taras. Taran, Tarasyuk, Tarasenko are Ukrainian surnames, Tarasenkov is already Russified Ukrainian from Tarasenko. Tarasenya, Tarasik, Tarasenok, Tarasevich - Belarusian.

Tebenkov - The surname is from the naming of the father from the Turkic word tebenek - “short”. The surname was recorded in Perm - 1972.

Temnyakov - In ancient times, a temnik was a military leader over a large army: darkness is a thousand (old). However, there was another meaning - foundling, foundling; In addition, dark in the old way is blind. Related surnames: Temny, Temnyaev.

Titov - Surname from the canonical male name Titus (presumably from Latin titulus - “honor, inscription”).

Tokarev - 1. This is a professional surname, but not from the modern concept of the term turner. In the old days, in villages there were sharpeners, turners who either sharpened knives, scythes and other tools, or turned wooden utensils. In Dahl's dictionary there is a phrase “The entire Semenovsky district is turning, sharpening wooden utensils.” 2. These are “Bird” surnames: turner, tokui - popular name black grouse.

Trefilov - From the baptismal name Trefilius - clover (Greek) - also arose: Trefilov, Trefilyev, Trifilov, Trifin, Filyushin.

Trinity - In the XVII-XIX centuries. Orthodox clergy were named primarily by the name of the church. In official documents, Trinity priest Ivan, etc. are common. This tradition also prevailed when distributing surnames to students of church educational institutions.

Trunov - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Tryphon (ancient Greek tryphon - “gentle”). Trishechkin - originally - a patronymic from the affectionate (probably with a touch of irony) form Trishechka from the canonical male name Trifon (Trifon Trisha Trishka Trishechka). Surnames in this form (in -echkin, -ichkin, -ochkin with an emphasis on the base rather than on the suffix) are most common in the Upper Poochie, especially in the Khvastovichi district Kaluga region, Belevsky and Bolkhovsky districts of the Oryol region and adjacent areas. Trishkin is a patronymic from the derogatory form Trishka from the canonical male personal name Trifon through the intermediate diminutive form Trisha. Trunov possibly comes from a nickname from the dialect (Vologda) word trun - “rags, rags.” The surname is recorded in Kursk, Orel, Tula. Trufanov. The surname is not uncommon in the North (Shenkur., Pinezh. districts of the Arkhangelsk region), in the Trans-Urals, in the central black earth regions (Gorshechensk. Kursk district. region, there are in Kursk, Lipetsk, Orel, Tambov). In the study by V.A. Nikon's surname is associated with the northern word trufni (a type of shoe). In Moscow they pronounce the surname - Trufanov. But nevertheless, a trip to the North in 1980 convinced Nikonov that only Trufanov from the male name Trufan is correct. This etymology was also indicated by G.Ya. Simina. The author claims in vain that this name is a trace of Novgorod colonization; in Kursk and adjacent regions, as reported by I.G. Dobrodomov, the Trufan uniform is common, but the Novgorodians have never been there. The change and - y (Tryphon - Trufan) came along with the name from Byzantium: graphically, the Greek letter epsilon could also be transmitted by the letter y. (N) Trunya, Trun - diminutive forms of the names Trufan (Tryphon) or Fortun. Trukhan is a variant of the name Trifon. (F) The dialect word trun is also known - rags, rags and trunity - to make fun of, from both meanings nicknames and then surnames could be formed.

Trusov - the surname comes from the word “coward”.

Trufanov - The surname is not uncommon in the North, in the Trans-Urals, in the central black earth regions. In the study by V.A. Nikonov "Northern surnames" surname is associated with the northern word trufni (a type of shoe). In Moscow they pronounce the surname - Trufanov. But still a trip to the North in 1980. convinced Nikonov that only Trufanov from the male name Trufan is correct. This etymology was also indicated by G.Ya. Simina. The author claims in vain that this name is a trace of Novgorod colonization; in Kursk and adjacent regions, the Trufan form is common, but the Novgorodians have not been there. The change and - y (Tryphon - Trufan) came along with the name from Byzantium: graphically, the Greek letter epsilon could also be transmitted by the letter y.

Uvarov - 1. “The cabbage soup was boiled down well,” says the hostess, but the surname has a completely different root - from the name Uar, in common parlance Uvar, Uva. The name is of Greek origin, its meaning is unclear. 2. From the Latin word "uva" - grape brush; in the latter case - the seminary surname.

Ufimtsev – Initially, a patronymic from the nickname Ufimets, that is, “who came from Ufa,” the capital of Bashkiria. The surname Ufimtsev, among many other “geographical” surnames of the clergy, is considered one of the most common.

Fatkin - Fatey - from Photiy (first Fotey, then, in Akka dialects, it began to be pronounced and written Fatey). The name Photius has the same root as “photo”, “photon” (from the Greek “phos”, gender “photos”, - light). Fatya, Fat, Fatyan are diminutive forms of the names Photius, Fotin, Josaphat, Bonifatius. Fatyan could also be formed from the name Favstian. Fatyanov Patronymic from the Russian everyday form Fatyan from the church male name Photius (ancient Greek fos - “light”) The surname Fatkin probably has the same basis, from the short form Fatya - Fatka.

Fedorov - Patronymic from the male church name Theodore (ancient Greek Theodoros - “gift of the gods”), in the 16th-17th centuries. one of the most common names among Russians, which was second in frequency of use only to Ivan and Vasily. In everyday pronunciation, the combination of vowels [e o], which is not typical for the Russian language, has disappeared. The surname Fedorov is most often found in the Novgorod and Pskov regions, where it ranks fourth among others, and, for example, in the Middle Volga region - much less often. Other forms of surnames arose from derived dialectal forms of the name. In other forms this name came into the Russian language from other languages, for example: Polish Theodor, Bulgarian Todor. The sound [f], alien to the Old Russian language, was conveyed as [x] or [xv] - Khodor, Khvedor, from which dozens of surnames arose: Fedin, Fedonin, Fedoreev, Fedykin, Fedkin, Fedkunov, Fedyunin, Fedyaev, Fedyakin, Fedyanin, Fedyahin, Fedyashin , Fedyashkin, Khodorov, Todorov and many others. Feodrov. Surnames from the full forms of the name can also have seminary origin. Fedorov, Fedorovsky. You can read about surnames with -their/s here. In Siberia, Fedorovsky could become a flock of Fedorovskys. Fedorovsky, Fedoriv, ​​Fedchenko, Fedorenko, Fedchun, Fedorosyuk, Fedorozyuk, Fedko, Fedoruk are Ukrainian surnames from the same name. The most common suffix in Ukrainian surnames is enko, the suffix -iv, -ovich are very common, the suffix -uk/yuk are typical for the western regions of Ukraine. Fedorovich, Fedorkevich, Fedchenok, Fedrinchik are Belarusian. (U). Fedorovskikh, Federyakin Fedeshov, Fedoriv, ​​Fedorosyuk, Fedorozyuk, Fedoryaka, Fedko, Fedyunov, Fedyainov, Fedyna - from the requests of visitors. Surnames starting with -enko, -iv, -uk, -yna are Ukrainian.

Filimonov - Patronymic from the church male name Philemon (ancient Greek phileo - “to love”). Philimoniha - wife or widow of Philemon .

Firsenko - Firsak on behalf of Firs.

Frolov - Folk version of Flor (many names).

Kharin - Surname from various forms of the church male name Khariton (ancient Greek hariton - “generous”) The surname Kharin is unlikely to have anything to do with the rough word “muzzle”, that is, muzzle, mug. Kharya is a diminutive of the name Khariton (Greek for “generous”). Let me remind you that the city of Kharkov, it is believed, owes its name to the first settler - the Cossack Khariton, nicknamed Kharko. Patronymic from the short form Kharya from the church male name Khariton (ancient Greek hariton - “generous”). Kharchenko is a Ukrainian surname. Kharko, Kharchko, Kharyuk are derivative forms of the name Khariton.

Kharlov - From the baptismal name Khariton - generous (Greek) - other surnames came from: Kharin, Kharinov, Kharitoshin, Kharichkov, Kharlov, Kharchikov. And Kharkov, Kharisov, Kharyukov could also have been formed from the baptismal Kharisim. - pleasant (Greek).

Khokhlov - Khokhlach is the one who has a forelock, a crest on his head. From the non-church name or nickname Khokhol, Khokholok, about a person wearing a forelock, Khokhol. In Dahl's dictionary, khokhol, hahal - lover, friend, hahal (Vologda).

Khudyakov - Patronymic from the non-church personal name Khudyak. A skinny person is not necessarily a skinny person, but above all a poor person. A thin man, a thin man, is a poor man; Posad people were divided into the best, average and worst.

Chashkin - One of the surnames formed from names kitchen utensils. Chashkov, maybe from Chashko Chashka, Chalice.

Chebykin - In the Urals, Chevyks are people who pronounce “ch” instead of “ts”: chicken, chvetok, chel.

Cherdyntsev - From the city of Cherdyn, Perm region. Cherdyn - a city in the north. parts of the Perm region. It was first mentioned in 1472. The basis could be the word cherda, now preserved by the Mari language in the meaning of “forest,” but it was not found either in the Permian or Ugric languages.

Cheremisin - The surnames are based on Cheremis, Cheremis - this is how the Mari were called in the old days. Cheremiskin is the son of Cheremiska.

Cherepanov - Cherepan in the old days was a potter, potter. Residents of the city of Cherepovets were also called cherepans.

Chernavin - Surnames in -Sky 1. or from rivers and settlements named Chernyava, Chernyavka - there are such in the Minsk, Mogilev, Vinnitsa and Zhytomyr regions; 2. or from dark-skinned - a dark-skinned, black-haired person. "The dark-haired maiden" is mentioned in epics. Chernavka is a servant, a servant for the dirtiest, most menial jobs; in the old days there was such a worldly name. Hence the black surnames Chernavin, Chernavkin, Chernavsky.

Chernotinsky - From the family name Chernysh, reflecting the external characteristics of the named (dark color of hair, skin or eyes.

Chesnokov - The surname refers to a nest of “vegetable gardeners”, such as Onions, Cucumbers. However, there is another meaning of the word garlic - palisade, palisade. The main name of the surname is the worldly name Garlic, known in ancient times - 1) garden plant, 2) palisade, palisade

Chingin – The surname is nothing more than an ancient pre-Muslim name associated with the memory of the famous conqueror (Tatar prince Chingin).

Chudinov - Chukhnoy, in the old days representatives of the Baltic Finnish peoples were called Chukhonians: Finns, Ingrians, Estonians, etc. From the ancient name of the Chud (Chukhna) people. There is also the surname Chukhnov and Chudinov.

Chudov - Chudikha is the wife of the one whose nickname is Miracle, Miracle. If a woman raised a child alone, then he became Chugdikhin. This kind of surnames were not uncommon in the old days, Chugun - Chugunkha - Chugunikhin.. A connection with the ethnonym Chud is possible.

Churikov - Chura in ancient times was the name of a slave, in later times - a servant-squire. The Eastern Slavs named their children Chur and Chura, probably in honor of Chur, the Slavic pagan deity of the hearth. Chursa - from the root chur and the ancient suffix sa. Churik is a diminutive of Chur. Surnames associated with Old Russian name Chur, or Chura, which the Eastern Slavs called children, probably in honor of Chur - the Slavic pagan deity of the hearth. The form of the name Chursa was formed from the root chur- and the ancient suffix -s(a). Surnames are widespread in different areas.

Chusovitin - The surname is based on the Chusovaya River in the Urals. It can be added that such surnames have two forms: na-Yaninov and -Yanov. The first is formed from the singular nomenclature: Chusovlyanin - Chusovlyaninov. The second - from the plural name: Chusovlyans (a family or group of people who came from the Chusovaya River) - Chusovlyanov. Plural naming is typical for the Russian North and Siberia. Another suffix that forms vamilias from geographical names is itin: Chusovitin, Chasovitin is simply a variant of the same surname. Chusovaya - r. in the Urals, left tributary of the river. Kama. Etymology unknown. It is assumed that from the Komi language - Chuosi "patron, sacred", but this requires serious evidence. The opinion was expressed about what was repeated three times on different languages the word “river” is chu-su-va (the first two are Turkic, the third is Permian), but this is very artificial and strained, for this territory it is unusual for chu, unjustifiably so, instead of su. Chusovaya, lion. tributary of the Kama (Sverdlovsk and Perm regions, sources - in Chelyabinsk). There have been many attempts to explain the name Chusovaya. The opinion that Chusovaya was formerly called Chasovaya is due to the Russian folk rethinking: supposedly its level is rapidly changing, and it turns from poor water into a raging stream. This interpretation is also shared by the 18th century traveler. I. I. Lepekhin: “It may turn out that the name of the sowing river is somewhat spoiled, and it should be called the Hour River, and not the Chusovaya: for it must wait for a certain time or hour at which the ships can be released.” This view is contradicted by the modern form of the name Chusovaya, as well as the existence of the Severny and Poludenny Chus rivers in the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, Lake Chusovskoye near Sverdlovsk and Lake Chusovskoye in the Kolva basin in the north of the Perm region. It is absurd to think that the toponym Chusovaya consists of four words with the meaning “river”: chu (Tibetan), su (Turkic), va (Komi-Permyak), ya (Mansi), that is, “River-river-river-river”. The point of view that the Komi hydronym is based on the word chuosi or chauso, supposedly meaning “patroness”, “sacred river”, is also unfounded. It is possible that this name was adopted by the Russians from some Perm language, where it sounded like Chusva. True, there is no such word in the modern Komi-Permyak language, but the Udmurt chus means “glib”, “agile”. Chusova’s “fighting” river is difficult to find in the Middle Urals, so the meaning of the word chus is very suitable. It can be assumed that the word chus was forgotten in the Komi-Permyak language, but was preserved in its related Udmurt language. Therefore, chus - “brisk”, va - “water”? But there are also objections to this version: in particular, the name of Lake Chusovskoye in the Perm region... Nevertheless, already in XIX century There was a widespread view that Chusovaya was “Fast Water.” It still prevails today. Secondary are the names of Lake Chusovskoye southwest of Sverdlovsk, which is located on right side Chusovoy, the city of Chusovoy in the Perm region, founded as a settlement at the Chusovsky metallurgical plant in 1879 and received the rank of a city in 1933, the working village of Verkhne-Chusovskie Gorodki in the Perm region, which arose as a settlement of salt workers back in 1616, as well as the village of Chusovoe in the Shalinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. (the former Staroshaitansky plant, built in 1727 by Nikita Demidov at the mouth of the Shaitanka River, the left tributary of the Chusovaya). Matveev Geographical names of the Urals.

Shabalin - Shabala - trash, rags, talker. Originally - a patronymic from a nickname from the common noun Shabala, in which two different words are probably mixed: in the southern Russian dialects Shabala is “chatterbox” (and in a number of Siberian ones), and in the northern and Volga dialects it is “rags, rags”. (N) If the surname came from the southern Russian regions, then here the nickname Shabala, Shabalda was given to a chatterbox, a chatterbox, or a loiterer. It’s not for nothing that there was an expression: “Beat Shabalu” - loiter around idle, sharpen your lasses. In the Ryazan, Tambov and Nizhny Novgorod regions, shabala - cast-offs, worn-out clothes. And among Kostroma and Perm residents the same word means an aspen block from which dishes are made. This word could also mean scraps. Such a nickname could be given to a small person - either by appearance or by morals. Namesakes: Shabaldin, Shebolaev, Shebalin.

Shadrin - The surname originated in the Russian North: here Shadra is the nickname of the pockmarked one, covered with natural pockmarks. Namesakes: Shadrunov, Shchedrin, Shchedrinin.

Shalamov - Shalim - Turkic name; from "shalym" a handful. It was given to babies to emphasize their diminutiveness: they say, so small that you can fit it in a handful. Even in ancient times this name was used by Russians as an addition to the church, secular name. The Shalimov surname is dated in the Armorial Book of 1741. It comes from the Turkic proper name SalimSah "alim" "king, ruler and "scientist, enlightened" + suffix -ov>Shalimov. No less probable is the origin of the Shalimov surname from the Turkic (Kazakh, Karakalpak.) salym “handful”, salymly kisi “hard-working, strong, strong person.” (B) The distorted Shalam, from Shalim, could also give the surname Shalamov..

Shamonin - Shama, Shamonya, Shamsha - the one who mutters, speaks in a lisp. The surname Shamin is dated by the Armorial Book of 1741. The origin of this surname seems controversial. It is possible that its basis is the Russian nickname Shama~Shamonya “the one who speaks with a mumble, mumbles” (Dal). Its structure, therefore, can be very simple: Shama + surname formation suffix -in> Shamin. It is less legitimate to elevate this surname to the basis of sham “litter, rubbish” (Vasmer). However, it is possible that the surname Shamin is of Eastern origin and goes back to the meaning "originating from Damascus" or, less likely, to Tur. Sama “lamp, lamp” and, finally, to cama~saina “to be able, the strength that is necessary to do something; assessment by eye”>“one who evaluates by eye” (Radlov) - with the same structure - with adding the suffix -in>Shamin. Shamin can also mean “shuffling, dragging feet.” Shamov. From the Prince of Kazan Shamov Shabas, the butler of Shah Ali, in 1550 - 1552. who accompanied his overlord to Kazan, Moscow, and, obviously, accepted Russian citizenship with him.

1) large bran, 2) talkative, liar (Dal) Mum-speak indistinctly, mumble-chew (modern)

Shamaev - see Shamonin. Shama - the one who speaks with a mumble, mumbles.

Sharkunov - A person whose external gloss and sophistication of manners covers up the inner emptiness (literally, the one who shuffles his feet, shuffle).

Shakhov - From the Persian shah (sovereign), which penetrated into the Russian language not only as a common noun, but also as a personal name. The first of the Shakhovsky princes bore the loud nickname Shah. The surname Shakhovskaya is based on the word of Iranian origin, Shah Persian, borrowed through the Turkic language. ““Shah, Tsar, Monarch” “This word, added to common nouns,” as L. Budagov notes, “determines the superiority of the objects they mean compared to others.” Derived from the nickname Shah and the possessive form of Shah from the word Shah, Shakhovo, which could serve as the name of a property that belonged to a person who had the nickname Shah, the Shakhovskaya surname was formed through the suffix -skaya. The origin of this surname from the nickname is confirmed by the absence of heraldic features usually found in the coats of arms of families genetically associated with the East. from terms related to fishing: shah - a stake for drying a net, also derived from the nickname Shah.

Shepelev - The word “little lisp” has been lost in the language; it probably meant "lisp." In dialects, “lisp” has been preserved in this meaning. Shepel, chepel - an iron spatula for cleaning hemp from the fire (Dal).

Shirobokov - Patronymic from the nickname Shirobokiy, the meaning of which may not be related to appearance (“fat”), it could indicate the character and lifestyle of a person. The surname was common in Siberia, its other centers are the village of Dolzhanka, Cheremisinovsky district, Kursk region, the village of Semenovskoye, Ankovsky district, Ivanovo region.

Shulgin - Shulga is left-handed. Shulgin. A common surname of early origin, found almost everywhere. It arose as a patronymic (“son of Shulga”) from shulga, an ancient Russian word that is still preserved in some dialects with the meaning “left hand” and “left-handed.” Shulgins. A surname of secondary origin - from the same surname; meant belonging to the Shulgin family, recorded early - in 1669, in documents on Verkhoturye in the Urals the peasant I. Shulgin (V.I. Shunkov) was mentioned. Like other surnames with -i, -s, Shulgins are found in the Kursk region, in the North, the Urals, and in Siberia. Shulzhenkov. The surname is also associated with the word shulga - “left-handed”, but further formation took place not with the help of the Russian suffix -enok, but with the Belarusian or Ukrainian -enko: Shulzhenko, which also means “son of Shulga”; the phonetic change g-->zh is natural (cf.: snow - snowy, new fish - newborn, etc.). The surname is recorded in the Elninsky district of the Smolensk region, in the south of the Pskov, in the Bryansk, Smolensk regions. Related surname - Shuleikin.

Shumilov - Shumilo is a screamer, one who constantly makes noise, screams. The surnames are common throughout as some of the very early ones. These are former patronymics from the most common Russian non-church male names of the 16th-17th centuries, i.e. the period of formation of Russian surnames, on the eve of their widespread distribution. It is based on the verb to make noise: Shumilo is the name given to a noisy, loud child. The suffix -il(o) formed the “name of the figure” (cf.: crammer, thug, chisel, sharpener, etc.), respectively, personal names - Tomilo, Yarilo. Patronymic names from them arose in the form of possessive adjectives formed by the suffix -ov or, if the stem ended in -a (Shumila, Tomila), by the suffix -in. From the derogatory form Shumilka - the Shumilkina surname.

Shupletsov - V.I. Dahl gives the Pskov (and Novgorod) word shopel - “healer, sorcerer”, the Smolensk verb shopit - “to know, to know”, but all meanings are given with a question mark. Shupletsov. The patronymic from the nickname shuplets, the basis of which could be associated with the archaic dialect word shupel - “rubbish, rubbish of no value,” the suffix -ets indicated the person who dealt with this rubbish.

Shchipachev - 1. Shchipach is the one who plucks tow, bast, fluff, etc. or pinches. 2. The poet Stepan Shchipachev received his surname from his native Siberian village of Shchipachi. Shchipunov. The nickname shchipun stuck not only to the one who is a nipper, but also to the lover of bribes and extortions.