On May 24, 2020, our country celebrates the Day Slavic writing and culture. Many kindergartens and schools host matinees, concerts and other events dedicated to it.
We offer one of possible options organizations children's party for the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.
Scenario of the holiday for the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture in kindergarten
The presenter will congratulate the children on the holiday and talk about Cyril and Methodius - the educators of the Slavs, the creators of the Slavic alphabet, and Christian preachers. They were born in the city of Soluni (Thessaloniki), which is located in Greece, and were very educated people.
To write texts in the Slavic language, they created an alphabet, using which they translated from Greek language Holy Scripture and several liturgical books.
– Two brothers, Cyril and Methodius,
We want to say thank you
For the letters that we really need,
To teach us to read.
Then, at a holiday dedicated to the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, a story about the alphabet will be heard for children.
– Glagolitic and Cyrillic are the first Slavic alphabet. The name of the alphabet “Glagolitic” comes from the word “verb”, which means “speech”. And the “Cyrillic alphabet” is named after its creator, Kirill.
- The letters are strictly in a row,
It's like being on a line.
Everyone knows their place
And he doesn’t dare leave.
They all stand beautifully
In order, look!
Learn them and you will be able to
Repeat all thirty-three.
Leading:
- It’s not without reason that proverbs say,
There is no way to live without them!
They are great helpers
And true friends in life.
The guys will have to continue the proverbs:
- The word is not a sparrow (if it flies out, you won’t catch it).
- What is written with a pen (cannot be cut out with an axe).
- Learning to read and write (always... useful).
There are other proverbs and sayings about language. What do they mean?
- Don't waste words.
- A person is recognized by his speech.
- You can't put a scarf over someone else's mouth.
- I wish I could drink honey through your lips.
Then the guys will read poems about their native language:
– Our language is beautiful –
Rich and sonorous
That powerful and passionate
It’s tenderly melodious.
He also has a smile,
And softness and affection.
Written by him
And stories and fairy tales.
Magic pages
Exciting books!
Love and keep
Our great language!
The holiday scenario for the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture in kindergarten may also include games for speech development: “ Extra word", "Choose a word", "Replace the letter" and others.
In addition, the guys can play Russian national games: tags, tags, burners, “third wheel”, etc.
Anna Petrishenko
Lesson for older children preschool age"Day of Slavic Literature and Culture"
Target: To cultivate love for the Motherland and respect for folk traditions.
Tasks:
To provide knowledge about Cyril and Methodius as the founders of Slavic writing.
Introduce the Old Church Slavonic alphabet;
To form in children ideas about the similarities and differences between modern and Slavic alphabets;
To form a moral and aesthetic attitude towards the world around us.
Methods and techniques:
Activation of various analyzers:
verbal ( artistic word, conversation, question-answer, problematic questions)
gaming (moving, surprise moment)
practical (entertaining exercises, reading proverbs, poems, dynamic pause, reflection)
Equipment: Demonstration: ABC, computer presentation; stone; wax crayons, sheets of paper; book exhibitions.
Musical arrangement: musical accompaniment
Preliminary work.
Cognitive development: excursion to the library, looking at books
Speech development: learning poems and proverbs on the topic of the lesson
GCD move:
Educator:
(Shows the children the ABC.)
What is this? (book, ABC, textbook)
What is it for? (children learn letters from it, learn to read)
What are all the letters together called (alphabet)
The alphabet is ours best friend, they know everything in the world!
There are many letters around, all children learn them.
Why do we need letters? (we can communicate with each other at a distance - write a letter, learn new things from books and magazines)
How did the letters appear? Now I will talk about how writing appeared.
For a long time, ancient people transmitted information to each other by drawing animals and hunting scenes on rocks and stones. These were man's first steps towards the creation of writing. (Slide)
Later, people began to replace drawings with symbols. To keep the information longer, primitive people they carved out silhouettes of animals and symbols on the rocks with a sharp stone. (Slide)
Here we have a stone from the past. Let's try to leave some kind of message like ancient people. (In the hall big stone. Children are trying to carve a sign on it)
Is it easy to write a message and deliver it to its destination? (no, it’s heavy, it’s difficult and time-consuming to emboss the design)
That's right, that's why people began to write on the material that was easier to find or make. People began to write with pointed sticks - they were called writing. Instead of paper, they used wax tablets and birch bark - birch bark. (Slide)
Time passed. They were replaced by goose feathers and paper (Slide)
Listen to the history of the alphabet.
A long time ago, our ancestors cultivated the land, farmed, built houses, wove canvas, embroidered, but did not know how to read books or write letters. At that time there lived two preacher brothers. Cyril and Methodius. The younger brother Kirill decided to write books that were understandable to the Slavs, but for this it was necessary to invent Slavic letters. This is what the brothers did. Their alphabet had 44 letters. (slide)
In honor of the enlighteners Cyril and Methodius, a holiday was established - the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. Every year, May 24th in all Slavic countries Saints Cyril and Methodius are solemnly glorified. (slide)
The first Slavic alphabets were Glagolitic and Cyrillic. The name of the alphabet “Glagolitic” comes from the word VERB, which means “speech”. And “Cyrillic” is named after its creator, Kirill. Later, this alphabet became the basis for the Russian alphabet (slides).
Books in Rus' were made from parchment: specially treated sheep skin. One book sometimes took up to 30 animal skins - a whole herd! That is why books were expensive and only very rich people bought them. (slide)
Ordinary letters were written on the cheaper material birch bark. The marks were made with a bone rod. Novgorod birch bark documents confirmed the assumption that already in Ancient Rus' there were many who knew how to write and read. (slide)
Reflection.
Come on, guys, and we will write a message to the past.
(we hand out paper and wax crayons)
With the advent of the Old Russian alphabet, books began to be written. These were mainly church books, teachings and scientific works. (slide)
Each letter in the Old Russian alphabet has its own name: az, beeches, vedi, earth.
The names of the letters reminded people of words such as: “good”, “live”, “earth”, “people”, “peace”
Fizminutka
Guys, do you have names? Let's play?
Whose name begins with the letter "A" - let's stomp, whoever's name starts with "B" - clap, everyone else - let's jump...
The first beech of the ancient alphabet was called “Az”, the second - “Buki”. Try folding them and see what happens. (children add up the syllables written on paper)
The result is the word "ALC."
This is what people say: “First “az” and “buki”, then science.” It is with the basics that the path of each of us into the world of knowledge begins.
Guys, do you know proverbs about the benefits of learning?
(Children read proverbs at the discretion of the teacher)
They do not write with a pen, but with their mind.
Those who are good at reading and writing will not be lost.
More literate people, fewer fools.
He who wants to know a lot needs little sleep.
Going into science means suffering.
The light stands by God's will, people live by science.
Without flour there is no science.
To think nothing means to become sour.
It took a long time before man came up with printing press. Ivan Fedorov was the first to publish printed books in Russia. This was over 400 years ago. (slide)
The first primer was written and printed in 1574. It had no pictures and was not at all like the primer we use to teach the alphabet now. Slavic letters are much more complex and difficult than Russian ones; memorizing them required more time and effort than memorizing Russian ones. “They teach the alphabet - they shout to the whole hut.” Listen to how they taught literacy in the old days.
“How a church literate taught children in the old days” (children read a poem)
In the old days, children studied -
They were taught by the church clerk, -
They came at dawn
And the letters repeated like this:
A and B - like Az and Buki,
V – as Vedi, G – Verb.
And a teacher for science
On Saturdays I flogged them.
That's how wonderful it is at first
Our diploma was there!
This is the pen they used to write with:
From a goose wing!
As time passed, difficult letters were eliminated from the alphabet and others were replaced. And our alphabet now looks like this (slide)
And now we learn letters using this ABC book (slide)
(Children read poetry)
Everyone needs letters
Letters are important to everyone
We form a word from them,
And from the word there will be speech!
People wouldn't be able to
If there were no letters,
There would be no communication.
Two brothers Cyril and Methodius,
We want to say thank you
For the letters that we really need,
We are eternally grateful to Saints Cyril and Methodius for creating the Slavic alphabet. Now we cannot even imagine how we would manage without books. We learn a lot of new and interesting things from books; books teach us a lot. Before a book comes into our home, many people put their work into creating this book, we have already talked about this in other classes, and now we invite you to consider books.
(children are invited to the book exhibition)
Themed entertainment
for children of senior preschool age.
"Celebration of Slavic literature and culture"
Target: Introduce preschoolers to Slavic culture.
Tasks: 1. Develop cognitive interest, broaden your horizons.
2. Replenish the children’s vocabulary with new words “Cyrillic”, “Rus”, Slavs.
3. To cultivate love for the Motherland, a sense of patriotism, pride for the country in which we live, respect for folk traditions.
The festive bell rings. Teachers and children in folk costumes They enter the hall and stand facing the guests.
Leading: Guys, today we are going on a journey, but not across cities and countries, but on a journey through time. We will look into the distant past of our country.
You and I live in a country that has amazing beautiful name- Russia! Many years ago, Russia was called differently - Rus', and it was inhabited by the Slavs, our distant ancestors. These are people who lived many, many years ago, these are the grandparents of our grandparents.
Child: Across our broad Rus', mother, the ringing of bells is spreading.
Nowadays the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius are glorified for their labors.
The Storyteller comes out:
Goy, our glorious guests, kind, dear children. I'll tell you about Holy Rus', oh distant times, unknown to you.
Once upon a time there were good fellows, beautiful red maidens. And they had kind mothers, bearded, wise priests.
The Slavs were strong, resilient, and hardworking. Every day was full of work worries. In those days the forest was full of game, the rivers were rich in fish. Men were hunters and fishermen, and women prepared food, planted gardens, weaved, sewed and spun. The Slavs worked hard, but they also loved to have fun, they loved to sing songs and dance in circles. But one thing upset the Slavs - they did not have literacy, the alphabet, they did not know letters and could neither write nor read. And then they went to the king with the words: “Our land is baptized, but we have no teacher who would instruct and teach us, and explain the holy books. After all, we do not know either the style of the letters or their meaning. And send us teachers who could tell us about book words and their meaning.”
Then Tsar Michael summoned two learned brothers - Cyril and Methodius, and the Tsar persuaded them and sent them to the Slavic Land (slide show with comments).
The letters were scratched out with special pointed sticks. Then books were made from calfskin. Many craftsmen worked on the creation of books, it was very hard work, so the book was expensive and valuable (slide show).
Even in old times, the Slavic peoples celebrated the memory of the holy brothers, but later the celebration was forgotten. Now this holiday has returned to Russia and other Slavic states. This holiday is celebrated on May 24 and is called the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. On this day, the brothers Cyril and Methodius, the creators of the alphabet, are remembered. A monument was erected in their honor in Moscow.
Slide show (monument to Cyril and Methodius in Moscow)
Our alphabet is amazing! And now it amazes us with its simplicity and convenience. And how many wonderful books have been written and published. From books we learn a lot of interesting things about the history of our Russia.
Leading: In a narrow monastery cell, within four blank walls,
A monk wrote down about the land about the Old Russian story.
He wrote in winter and summer, illuminated by dim light.
He wrote year after year about our great people.
(The narrator sits on a bench and imitates playing the harp.)
Narrator: I’ll take the ringing harp and tune it in the old fashioned way.
I will start an old story about the deeds of glorious Russian heroes.
To the blue sea for silence, and to everyone good people to obedience.
Whether from the city, from Murom, or from the village, or Karacharova
A good fellow, a glorious hero, is leaving - Ilya Muromets (“the hero leaves”).
Narrator: The old Cossack Ilya Muromets heard about the strong,
The mighty hero Dobrynya Nikitich, and decided to test his heroic strength;
So Ilya went into an open field,
And the young hero Dobrynya Nikitich gallops towards him (“ Dobrynya Nikitich gallops").
Ilya Muromets: Hello, good fellow!
Tell me about your homeland, and about the Fatherland!
Dobrynya: And how will my heavy club tell you about this,
How I will cut off your head and slaughter you!
Narrator: They jumped off their good horses, got into a fight and fought,
They fought for two days, and on the third day Dobrynya asked for forgiveness:
Dobrynya: If you can’t execute me, you can have mercy.
Let's call ourselves brothers of the cross, we will ride across an open field,
To fight the evil spirits of the infidels and protect our mother earth.
Narrator: Whether a lot of time has passed or a little - we don’t know...
And just another hero was born in Rus' - Alyosha Popovich.
(Alyosha Popovich appears)
Narrator: He grew by leaps and bounds.
At that time, Tugarin, the king, got into the habit of walking around Rus':
Burn Russian lands, take girls captive.
And Alyosha Popovich was hot, he shouted in a loud voice:
Alyosha Popovich: You, you goy, are a brave squad!
Two deaths cannot happen, but one cannot be avoided.
We will attack the army - a countless force, we will free Mother Rus' from the scourge!
Narrator: Ilya Muromets heard about it,
The city and Dobrynya arrived in Kyiv and fraternized at a big feast.
The heroes among themselves: they called Ilya Muromets the eldest,
The middle one is Dobrynya Nikitich, the youngest one is Alyosha Popovich.
Bogatyrs: And now we’ll go and stand at the heroic outpost,
Let us defend the Russian land from enemies! (the heroes bow)
Narrator: That's where the epic ended, and the sun rose clear over Mother Russia -
To all good people for joy and fun.
Leading: Now let's remember that the Slavs loved not only to study and work, but also to have fun!
Children perform the round dance “There is a viburnum on the mountain.”
Leading; Fair-haired, gray-eyed, all bright in face and glorious in heart.
Drevlyans, Russians, tell me, who are we?
Children (in chorus) We are Slavs!
With their article, everyone is beautiful, everyone is different and everyone is similar,
Nowadays we are called Russians, since ancient times who are we?
Children (in chorus) We are Slavs!
We honor the white birch trees, we love our free songs.
We are called Masha, Yuli, Tanya, tell me who we are?
Children (in chorus) We are Slavs!
Leading: Rus' is rich in talents, Rus' is strong in talents.
If the guys sing, it means she will live.
The song “Let’s go, young girl, for water” sounds.
Leading: Now, guys, meet the modern alphabet.
It sounds "Great".
(Two children bring up a poster depicting the modern alphabet.)
Child: Letter to letter - there will be a word. Word by word - the speech is ready.
And melodious and harmonious, she sounds like music.
Child: So let us praise these letters! Let them come to the children.
And let our Slavic alphabet be famous!
Child: Two brothers, Cyril and Methodius, we want to say thank you,
For the letters that we really need to teach us to read.
The celebration continues outside:
Russians are being held folk games and round dances. 
Painting on easels on the theme “Let’s decorate a sundress”
Tea party
Tatyana Tikhomirova
Scenario for the holiday “Day of Slavic Literature”
Holiday scenario
«» .
Target: introduce the events of the life of Saints Cyril and Methodius, compiled by Slavic alphabet, talk about the origins writing, about the origins of Russian writing, O Slavic alphabet, about the first books in Rus', about cultural heritage Russian people, oh celebrating the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, contribute to the development of a sense of love and respect for the culture of the Russian people, for the native language.
Equipment: Multimedia presentation, book exhibition, birch, writing, pen, ink, paper, wax tablet.
Celebration progress:
I. The presenter comes out.
Goy, you our nice guests, kind, dear children! I will tell you about Holy Rus', about distant times unknown to you. Once upon a time there were kind fellows, and beautiful girls. And they had kind mothers, bearded, wise priests. They knew how to plow and mow, cut down houses and mansions, they knew how to weave canvases and embroider them with patterns.
But our ancestors did not know how to read, did not know how to read books and write letters. And two enlighteners appeared in Rus', the wise brothers Cyril and Methodius. They were originally from the state of Byzantium and Slavic lands - the city of Thessaloniki. At home two brothers spoke Slavic language, and at school education was conducted only in Greek. The younger brother Kirill dreamed of writing books that would be understandable Slavs, and for this it was necessary to invent Slavic letters. Years have passed. The brothers grew up and learned. But the dream is to create Slavic The alphabet never left my younger brother. He worked hard. And now the alphabet was ready. But coming up with ideas is half the battle. It is necessary to translate from Greek into Slavic books , to the Slavs had something to read. This turned out to be a very difficult task, and Kirill alone could not cope with it. His elder brother Methodius began to help him. Cyril and Methodius accomplished a great work! This event occurred in 863.
Quite recently in our country appeared holiday Slavic culture and writing. It's a pity that it's very late, because in others Slavic countries, in Bulgaria, for example, this day celebrated a long time ago, popularly, very colorfully and truly festively.
Look back at our ancestors,
To the heroes of days past.
Remember them kind words -
Glory to them, tough fighters!
Glory to our side!
Glory to Russian antiquity!
And about this old thing
I'll start telling you
So that people can know
About the affairs of our native land.
Today we will talk about our history, about the emergence Slavic writing. Every year May 24 is celebrated in Russia Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. Without culture, literacy, A nation cannot live by writing, people, state.
Reader:
Volumes with a blue cover,
Familiar volumes
The pulse of Russia beats in them,
Life itself is eternal in them.
Page after page...
You will find the answer to everything.
No, they won't get dusty
And after many years.
Leading:
Writing- a real treasure that a person has mastered.
So in ancient times, people exchanged information by sending each other various objects. It turned out cumbersome and not particularly clear. When people realized that exchanging message objects was a troublesome task, they began to draw these objects. (Figure No. 1)
Such images were found on the walls of caves where ancient people once lived. These are man's first steps towards creating writing. Gradually, people began to replace drawings with symbols. (picture No. 2)
Inscriptions were made on stones, rocks, and on boards. Of course, endure such « letters» It was difficult over distances and these signs could be understood in different ways.
Time passed. Gradually, people moved from drawings to signs, which they began to call letters. This is how it was born writing.
You see (Figure 3) image of two brothers in monastic robes - Cyril and Methodius. These saints have long been considered patrons "book people"– teachers and students. Since 1987 in our country this holiday Days began to coincide Slavic literature and culture. But this is not only today’s tradition, and a hundred years ago in Russian schools this holiday was celebrated especially solemnly, because the next academic year was ending.
The bell rings and the readers come out.
Across broad Rus' - our mother
The bells ring out.
Now the holy brothers, Cyril and Methodius,
For your efforts are glorified.
They remember Cyril and Methodius,
Brothers glorious Equal-to-the-Apostles,
In Belarus, in Macedonia,
In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia,
The wise brothers are praised in Bulgaria,
In Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia.
All the peoples who write in Cyrillic,
What is called since ancient times Slavic,
They glorify feat of the first teachers,
Christian enlighteners.
Fair-haired and gray-eyed,
Everyone is bright in face and heart glorious,
Drevlyans, Rusichi, glades,
Tell me, who are you? We - Slavs!
Your article is all nice,
All different and all similar,
Now you are called Russians,
Since ancient times, who are you? We - Slavs!
Leading:
Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius are the pride of everything Slavic world. They talked: doesn't the sun shine for everyone, doesn't it for everyone it's raining, doesn’t the earth feed everyone? All people are equal, all people are brothers, everyone is equal before God, and everyone needs literacy. Orthodox The church canonized the brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Reader:
In a narrow monastery cell,
In four blank walls,
About the land about ancient Russian
The story was written down by a monk.
He wrote in winter and summer,
Illuminated by dim light.
He wrote year after year
About our great people.
(N. Konchalovskaya)
Leading: (pointing to posters with alphabets)
Glagolitic and Cyrillic are the first Slavic alphabet. Alphabet name "Glagolitic" comes from the word VERB, which means "speech". A "Cyrillic" named after its creator. In Ancient Rus', the Glagolitic alphabet was used to transmit church texts and existed for 3 centuries, and in everyday life writing Cyrillic alphabet was used. There are 43 sister letters in total; they became the basis of the modern Russian alphabet.
Reader:
Two brothers, Cyril and Methodius,
We want to say thank you
For the letters that we really need
Walking under the sun of enlightenment
From far away glorious old times,
We are now Slavic brothers,
Faithful to the first teachers!
To the apostles highly renowned
Holy love is deep.
Cases of Methodius - Cyril
IN the Slavs will live for centuries!
Leading:
Currently Old Church Slavonic the language is dead - it is not spoken or written.
Let's look deep into the centuries and see what happened before the appearance of the Cyrillic alphabet.
The initial letter is the alphabet Slavs, used over a vast territory that belonged to the Rus. There were also runitsa (priestly letter, Glagolitic (trade letter, features and cuts (the simplest of written) . The largest was the Vseyasvetnaya charter - 147 characters.
The initial letter is best known to us - under the name of the Cyrillic alphabet, trimmed and cleaned of unnecessary letters and sounds.
Old Slavic The initial letter had 49 initial letters. Modern - only 33.
To translate the Bible into our language, the Byzantine monks Cyril and Methodius remade our Old Slavic initial letter, and the letters they didn’t understand were removed (those that were not in Greek). These letters were also incomprehensible because the sounds they denoted were not found in Greek words. The Greeks still have only 24 letters.
Appearance of letters Slavic the alphabet helps us see the world through the eyes of our ancestors. Each letter is individual, unique and has its own Name: lead, people, beeches, az, earth. The names of the letters were supposed to remind people of words that they had forgotten it is forbidden: "good", "live", "Earth", "People", "peace".
"Az" And "Buki". The result is a word "ABC".
That's what people say: "At first "az" Yes "beeches", then science.” It is with the basics that the path of each of us into the world of knowledge begins.
Guys, do you know the proverbs about the benefits of learning?
He who wants to know a lot needs little sleep.
Going into science means suffering.
Do you know what “Az-Buki-Vedi” means? “I know the letters,” the alphabet tells us. Imagine - three letters hide a whole phrase! For our ancestors - Slavs the alphabet was not just a collection of letters, but a reflection of the harmony of the world in the word.
1 reader:
So these are our origins,
They float, glowing in the twilight,
Solemnly strict lines,
Cast Slavic script.
So this is where, this is where for the first time
Found at the foot of the mountains
Under fire sign Sofia
Diamond hardness verb.
2 reader:
The great mystery of sound,
Contemptible decay and death,
On the blue Dnieper bends
The motionless firmament shook.
And Rus' is over the foaming water,
Open to free winds,
"I am!"- declared to the Universe,
"I am!"- declared to the centuries.
Leading:
It's hard to believe, but once upon a time our ancestors - the Slavs had no books at all because there were no letters with which to write Slavic speech.
After accepting the Christian religion Slavs began to use Latin and Greek letters instead of their simplest signs.
But this was not very convenient, since these letters could not convey all the features Slavic speech.
And two enlighteners, wise brothers, appeared in Rus'...
Since the 10th century, literature based on the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabet has been spreading in the Old Russian language. Most often these were church books, teachings, and scientific works. Getting to know the exhibition.
Books were very expensive. The production of ancient handwritten books was labor-intensive. The material for them was parchment (Figure 4)- specially crafted leather. The best parchment was made from soft, thin skin of lambs and calves. She was cleared of wool and washed thoroughly. Then they pulled them onto drums, sprinkled them with chalk and cleaned them with pumice. After air drying, the rough edges were cut off from the leather and sanded again with pumice. The tanned leather was cut into rectangular pieces and sewn into notebooks of eight sheets. It is noteworthy that this ancient order of stitching has been preserved to this day. day. The stitched notebooks were collected into a book. Depending on the format and number of sheets, one book required from 10 to 30 animal skins - a whole herd! According to the testimony of one of the scribes who worked at the turn of the 14th-15th centuries, three rubles were paid for the leather for the book. At that time these money you could buy three horses.
Books were usually written with a quill pen and ink. The privilege of writing swan and even peacock feather had the king. Manufacturing written accessories required a certain skill. The feather was always removed from the left wing of the bird so that the bend would be comfortable for the right writing hand. The feather was degreased by sticking it into hot sand, then the tip was cut off obliquely, split and sharpened with a special penknife. They also scraped out errors in the text.
Medieval ink, unlike the blue and black we are used to, was brown in color, as it was made on the basis of ferrous compounds, or, more simply, rust. Pieces of old iron were dipped into the water, which, rusting, painted it brown. Ancient recipes for making ink have been preserved. In addition to iron, oak or alder bark, cherry glue, kvass, honey and many other substances were used as components, giving the ink the necessary viscosity, color, and stability. Centuries later, this ink has retained its brightness and color strength. Unfortunately, very few ancient books have survived. Only about 130 copies priceless evidence from the 11th and 12th centuries. came to us. There were few of them in those days.
To decorate manuscripts, titles in the Middle Ages were written in a special, decorative font - script. (Figure 5)
The letters, extended upward, intertwined with each other (hence the name - ligature, forming a text similar to a ribbon of an ornament. They wrote in ligature not only on paper. Gold and Silver vessels, fabrics were often covered with elegant inscriptions. Of all types of ancient letters before 19th century. It was the ligature that was preserved, although only in Old Believer books and decorative inscriptions. (Figure 6)
On the pages ancient Russian books the text was arranged in one or two columns. Letters were not divided into lowercase and uppercase. They filled the line in a long sequence without the usual intervals between words. To save space, some, mainly vowels, letters were written above the line or replaced with a sign - title - with a horizontal line. The endings of words that were well known and frequently used were also truncated. The tradition of placing an accent mark on each word - force - was borrowed from Byzantium.
For a long time there was no pagination. Instead, the word that started the next page was written at the bottom right.
Some features of Old Russian punctuation are also curious. Of the punctuation marks familiar to us, only the period was in use, borrowed from the Byzantine writing. They placed it arbitrarily, sometimes defining the boundaries between words, sometimes indicating the end of a phrase. In the 15-16th centuries. writing has become more complex. In books, for example, commas appeared to indicate pauses, and a semicolon replaced a question mark.
The work of a scribe is not easy. The work moved slowly. On average, for day I managed to write only two or four pages, not only without errors, but also beautifully.
Medieval handwritten books decorated elegantly. Before the text, they always made a headband - a small ornamental composition, often in the form of a frame around the title of a chapter or section. The first, capital letter in the text - the initial - was written larger and more beautiful than the others, decorated with ornaments, sometimes in the form of a man, animal, bird, or fantastic creature. Usually the initial was red. Since then they say - write from the red line. The section ended with a ending - a small drawing, for example, an image of two birds that looked like peacocks.
1 reader:
From the well, such blue depths
My Kitezh is growing, four walls,
Gilded ridge, lace shutters - apart...
The east is turning pink. Ros is illuminated.
Wooden fairy tale, lake peace,
Why do I need your shore, so lacy?
In the whimsical curves of patterned roofs?
Yes, a shepherd's horn? Yes, pipe reed?
2 reader:
Apparently, the archival memory began to hurt,
If there is nothing to regret in the concrete wilds -
So at least lure you from the depths,
From Cyrillic woven epic songs.
Wooden fairy tale, forgotten Ros,
You pierce my soul right through with an arrow.
And I don’t know why this is necessary,
Like water from a well, your old man...
Historian: (in robe and confederate hat)
For a long time in Rus' they used other materials for letters - birch bark(Figure 7). Birch bark is a very convenient material for letters, although it required some preparation. Birch bast was boiled in water to make the bark more elastic, then its rough layers were removed. The birch bark sheet was cut from all sides, giving it a rectangular shape. Wrote on inside bark, squeezing out letters with a special stick - a pen - made of bone, metal or wood. One end of the writing was pointed, and the other was made in the form of a spatula with a hole and hung from the belt. Technique letters on birch bark allowed texts to be preserved in the ground for centuries.
Over time, more convenient machines appeared, and with them the modern alphabet.
(wax tablets + birch bark)
Reader:
A good book, my companion, my friend,
Leisure time with you can be interesting.
You teach to be truthful and valiant,
To understand and love nature, people.
I cherish you, I take care of you.
I can't live without a good book.
Leading:
Today, I think it’s worth talking about musical notation letter, since many of you are involved in music. The appearance of notes is largely due to man's need to store information about the melody he has invented and pass it on to subsequent generations.
The history of notes goes back thousands of years since the appearance of the first musical instruments. True in those days musical notation there were no sounds made musical instruments, were written in the form of notations invented by musician: dashes, dots, various curlicues. Ancient collections were written with hooks - non-linear notes. Such hooks were also called "hatchets" or "kondakar" sheet music (from the word KONDak - verse) (sheets of music and book). This type of music letters disappeared in the 13th century. Later, these symbols began to be written on horizontal lines. But the different designation of notes for each musician brought chaos to music world- this became the prerequisite for the appearance of notes similar to modern ones. They had to bring order to the recording process musical compositions and make them easy to read for other people.
re-enactment"ABC"
Letters A, Z, B, U, K, A – 6 children
A child runs in with a letter "A" on the sign.
Letter "A":
Trouble, trouble!
Leading:
What's happened?
Letter "A":
The word is gone, the word is gone!
Leading:
What word?
Letter "A":
Once upon a time there was a word.
Played, studied, went to school
And overall life was wonderful.
Leading:
But here's what was remarkable about him:
It listened to its teachers inattentively,
And I couldn’t remember what it meant.
And that's how it is in life, guys. It happens:
One day, waking up early,
Got dressed, washed, took the basket,
And he went into the forest to pick mushrooms,
Not far here - next to us.
I walked for a long time, I got hungry,
Sat on a stump - ate a pie,
It stood up, suddenly stumbled, fell and crumbled!
The letters got confused, mixed up and lost.
And we have only one left - a letter "A".
And the word didn’t know what it meant,
And how can the word come together again - the letter "A" doesn't know.
In the meantime, the letter "A" crying -
Our main task is to help her!
This is the task we have for you guys!
And every task has its own rules.
You guys and I must help the letter "A" collect the missing word. But to do this, we need to unravel all the letters that made up this word. The letters will read poems to us, and you and I will try to guess them and make up the whole word. Our task: listen carefully to the poem and name the letter that is repeated more often than others in this poem. Well, what do you guys think, will we guess the word today? Let's help our letter "A"?
The children answer.
Suddenly the second letter runs in "A".
Leading:
Ah, here is our second letter. Well, how (referring to the letter, remember your poem.
2nd letter "A":
Leading:
Well, then read, and the guys and I will listen to him carefully and try to guess you.
2nd letter "A":
Alexandra and two Ali
Asters were planted in the garden,
And Arthur and two Alyoshas
The alphabet was read to the cat.
Leading:
Well, guys, guess what this letter is?
Children answer and say how this letter sounds in Cyrillic.
Leading:
Well, guys, you and I already have two whole letters "A" from the missing word.
"TO").
Letter "TO":
Hello! I am a letter, but I don’t know which one, I’m lost (sighs).
Leading:
Hello! Oh, you're probably a letter from the missing word?
Letter "TO":
Leading:
Well, then you are not lost, but rather found! The guys and I are just helping your friends here. (points to two letters A) solve the missing word. Come on, quickly read your poem, and the guys will guess you!
Letter "TO":
Katya doll Camilla
She fed me porridge with manna:
“Eat, Katya, eat, baby,
We have some candy for tea."
Leading: Well, guys, what is this letter, have you guessed?
The children answer.
A child enters with a sign (letter "Z").
Leading: Well, guys, another letter has come to us! Let's listen to her poem and try to guess!
Letter "Z":
“Zoya, Zinochka, Zakhar!
The samovar is boiling!
Strawberries for tea today.
Come in - I’ll treat you!”
Historian: So, what is this letter? Surely you guys guessed it?
The children answer.
Historian:
Now we already have 4 letters, guys. Soon we will compose the whole word!
A child enters the hall with a sign (letter "U")
Leading:
And here is another letter. Well, read your poem, and the guys will listen carefully and try to guess you.
Letter "U":
At Ulyanka's birthday.
Wow, what a treat:
Duck, oysters, apricots -
Help yourself, everyone!
Leading:
So what is this letter, guys?
The children answer.
Leading:
Right! Well done. Letter "U" in the Russian alphabet, and in Slavic it's called the alphabet "UK". So, we have dear friends, already as many as 5 letters - I’ll tell you a secret, we only have to guess one more letter, and you and I will be able to compose the entire word!
A child enters the hall with a sign (letter "B")
Leading:
And here is our last letter! Well, guys, let's listen carefully to the poem and guess it!
Letter "B":
Bella, Borya and Bulat
Whole bagels day eat.
Bobbie spins at your feet:
Bobik couldn't eat the bagel.
The children answer.
Leading:
That's right, guys. The second letter of the Russian alphabet is the letter "B", and in Slavic it's called the alphabet "BUKI".
Well - we have guessed all the letters - now all that remains is to form a whole word from them.
All letters are placed in a row, children, with the help of the leader, form a word "ABC".
The ringing of a bell. The letter Verb is included.
Verb:
Hello! I am a letter "Verb".
Leading:
What a beautiful name you have! What does it mean?
To verb means to speak. But before you speak, you need to think carefully... among the people talked: “If you say a word, you won’t get it back, and you’d give a lot for a word, but you won’t be able to redeem it.”. There are many proverbs about the benefits of learning. I will read some of them to you now, and last word you will name them yourself.
(Names the beginning of the proverb, students finish)
1. Az, beeches, lead, are scary like... bears.
2. What is written with a pen cannot be cut out... with an axe.
The ringing of a bell. Included letter:
Kind day! My name is "Good".
What a good name you have!
Kindness - best feature character of a person.
It's not easy to be kind
Kindness does not depend on height,
Kindness does not depend on color,
Kindness is not a carrot, not a candy.
You just have to be very kind
So that in times of trouble we don’t forget each other.
And the peoples will live more friendly,
If we are kinder to you.
Kindness brings people joy
And in return it does not require a reward.
Kindness does not age over the years,
Kindness will warm you from the cold.
If kindness shines like the sun,
Adults and children rejoice.
A new guest is rushing to us from the ABC!
The ringing of a bell. Comes in letter:
I am a letter "People".
You people live in harmony,
Bring affection and love.
We cannot divide the radiant sun into parts,
And the eternal land cannot be divided.
But a spark of happiness
You can, you must
You can give it to your friends.
Children sing a song: “This is what a true good friend means...”
The ringing of a bell. Included letter:
Hello! My name is "Think".
What a wise letter has come to us!
I brought you riddles. Guess them.
1) The seed is flat,
The field is smooth
Who can
He sows
The seed doesn't sprout
And it bears fruit. (Paper and words written on it.)
2) My mother carried me,
My mother dropped me
People lifted me up
They took me to the market to trade,
They cut off my head, I started drinking
And speak clearly. (Quill feather).
Our ancestors wrote goose feathers, very rarely swan feathers, and one manuscript mentions a pavier feather - a peacock feather.
Goose feathers were subjected to special processing: stuck on short time into sand or ash, and then scraped off the unnecessary membranes.
3) Not a bush, but with leaves.
Not a shirt, but sewn,
Not a person, but a storyteller. (Book).
Leading:
In the old days, books were written by hand. The work progressed slowly. It sometimes took five to seven years to produce one - a single manuscript - book. The scribe had to have clear and beautiful handwriting. Each letter was often not even written, but drawn.
The ink was carefully selected; they even wrote with dissolved gold or silver. The opening line of a new chapter was highlighted in red ink, hence the expression - start with a red line.
The copied sheets were decorated with drawings and bound in leather-covered wooden boards. On the covers they put gems, gold or silver clasps. In the old days they loved speak: “The book word walks in pearls”. This book cost a lot of money.
There are letters that hiss,
There are whistling letters
And only one of them -
The letter is growling.
The bell is ringing. A letter comes in.
Hello! I am the letter "Rtsy".
No wonder I'm proud of myself,
After all, I am the beginning of the word “Rus”.
Thank you, letters, for teaching us beauty, kindness, wisdom.
Hymn " Glory to you, brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs”.
(music by M. P. Rosengeym, lyrics by V. I. Glavach).
Glory to you, brothers, Slavic enlighteners,
Churches Slavic Holy Fathers!
Glory to you, teachers of the truth of Christ,
Glory to you, certificates from our creators! / 2 times
Be well to the Slavs as a link of unity,
Holy brothers: Methodius, Cyril!
May the spirit of reconciliation overshadow him
By your prayer before the Lord of hosts! / 2 times
Leading:
43 sister letters look at us and invite us to further acquaintance. But that will happen next time. Now meet the modern Russian alphabet.
Music is playing.
The Russian alphabet comes out.
Russian language.
I love my native language!
It is clear to everyone
He is melodious
He, like the Russian people, has many faces,
As our power, mighty.
He is the language of the moon and planets,
Our satellites and rockets,
At the round table meeting
Speak in it m:
Unambiguous and direct
He is like the truth itself.
Leading:
We serve our Fatherland faithfully,
You are one of the sons.
Grow so that you are needed
Dear to your Motherland!
A reward awaits you for your work -
A beautiful goal in the distance
But you have to look around
On the path that we have passed.
There is nothing better, more beautiful
Dear thy Motherland!
Look back at our ancestors,
To the heroes of days gone by!
Remember them with a kind word -
Glory to them, stern fighters,
Glory to our side!
Glory to Russian antiquity!
Development content
Holiday scenario
"Journey to the Land of Letters"
dedicated to the Day Slavic literature and culture .
Goals: introduce children to the holiday of Slavic writing, with Saints Cyril and Methodius. Expand children's understanding of the cultural heritage of our people. Develop creativity, imagination, attention, memory. Promote the development of interest and love for the book.
Progress of the holiday.
Leading:
Dear guys! Today we are going on an unusual journey, to the fairyland of letters. They celebrate their birthday and invite us to visit (music plays, children line up in a column, “like a train”).
Child:
Look what a miracle train we have created.
You can board the train.
Very soon he will rush
From border to border,
Through the steppes to the blue mountains
At a green traffic light (children take their seats)
Leading:
In order to hit the road, we need a map with which we will travel through fabulous cities.
(The presenter explains the work on the map)
Leading:
This is the first city we will go to from kindergarten. Letters live in it, which is why it is called ABVGDeika.
Child:
We are in a hurry to the city of ABVGDeyka.
The path is open to us today,
There's no way you can be late
Let's go friends! (children set off to the music)
Leading:
Guys, we have arrived in the city. Look how interesting it is here. They live in it different letters: ancient and Russian. Where are they?
Here they are, look - these are Russian letters, (children come out - letters)
Letter A:
Everyone knows the letter A.
The letter is very nice.
And besides, the letter A
Main in the alphabet.
Letter O:
Letter O - moon and sun,
The house has a round window,
And the clock and the wheel -
And that, it seems, is not all.
Letter B:
Cheerful fat clown
Plays the trumpet.
On this pot-bellied one
Looks like the letter B.
Letter B:
B is a very important letter,
I imagined it was terrible.
The chest is like a wheel, the stomach is inflated,
As if there is nothing more important here.
Leading:
Thank you, dear letters, for your beautiful poems. Guys, did you like the letters?
Leading:
And there are other letters that were there before. Here they are. (children look at the Cyrillic alphabet)
Leading:
Look at these letters. Are they familiar to you?
Children:
A little unclear.
Leading:
This is the letter “Az”, our Russian letter “A” is similar to it. This is the letter "Buki". Our letter “B” is similar to it. This is "Lead". The letter “B” looks like it.
Leading:
Guys, all these letters were invented by two brothers - Cyril and Methodius, now all people know them. Thanks to Cyril and Methodius, you and I can communicate with each other, write books, and read. They served God and people so much that the Lord glorified them as saints. People pray and ask them for help in their studies and in everything good deeds(look at the icons). Guys, look at this icon. It depicts the Holy Brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Across broad Rus' - our mother
The bells ring out.
Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius
They are glorified for their efforts.
Remember Cyril and Methodius,
Glorious brothers
In Belarus, in Macedonia,
In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia,
The wise brothers are praised in Bulgaria,
In Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia.
All the peoples who write in Cyrillic,
What have been called Slavic since ancient times,
They glorify the feat of the first teachers,
Christian enlighteners.
Leading:
What is St. holding in his hands? Kirill?
Children:
Leading:
That's right, this is the ancient alphabet. They taught these letters to all the people and thanks to them, people learned to write and read, and learned a lot of new things.
Leading:
And now the guys invite us to play with the letters. Listen to the riddles:
Riddle one: 33 sisters sat on the pages.
They sat down next to each other, they were not silent, they told us riddles.
If you know their secret, you will find the answer to everything. (Letters)
Riddle two: She speaks silently, but clearly and not boringly.
If you talk to her more often, you will become four times smarter. (Book)
Riddle three: The first book where you study letters,
What do you call her? (Primer)
Riddle four: It has no legs and no wings,
He's flying fast, you can't catch him . (Time)
Riddle five: Not by measure, not by weight,
But all people have it . (Mind)
Riddle six: Near the wall is large and important,
The house is multi-story.
We've already read all the residents on the ground floor . (Bookshelf)
Leading:
Well done kids, you know how to solve riddles. Which nice city ABVGDeyka, how many new things we learned here! We've been busy. It's time for us to continue on our way. We will travel by train again. Let's take a look at our map! Where does the arrow point us?
Children:
For books.
Leading:
That's right guys, we're going to a very interesting city books.
The horn is buzzing without any falsehood.
Attention, we have arrived in the city of books. We already know that Cyril and Methodius invented letters, and other people write books using these letters. Look how many books there are here! These books are written in letters that were invented by two holy brothers. This book is called "Psalms". This is the “Trebnik”, in this book special prayers are written that people read on different cases life. And this is the Orthodox alphabet, it is called that because all its letters and words speak about God, about faith in Him.
Leading:
Guys, let's try to make books too. There are book sheets in front of you. They are different in color. You need to collect sheets of the same color and fasten them with tape (children collect books).
Leading:
Well done guys, what beautiful books you turned out!
Leading:
Here is the next city - Skillful hands. Here you and I will be masters. And, like Cyril and Methodius, we will decorate the first letter of our name.
Olya, what letter does your name begin with?
Guys, what do you think we can use to decorate the letters? (pattern, colors) (show on the board elements that can be used to decorate) Look how I decorate my letter. My name starts with the letter O (children decorate their letters.)
Guys, what beautiful letters you got it. Show them to your guests. (show letters)
Leading:
Was it difficult for you guys to come up with a pattern? (answer) Now you know how difficult it was for Cyril and Methodius to come up with such beautiful letters. In honor of the holiday of Cyril and Methodius, let's give these letters to our parents and explain to them what holiday it is today.
Leading:
Our holiday has come to an end. In conclusion, I would like to say to you, dear guys: “Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed on to us by our predecessors!.. Treat this powerful weapon with respect; in the hands of skilled people it is capable of performing miracles "
Child:
We are grateful for enlightenment.
Science - Sun, warm your soul!
Blessed by the hand of the fathers,
Go into history boldly!
Child:
Fate has brought us back to life,
Creators Methodius and Cyril,
Time has not forgotten their names,
The Slavic people have not forgotten.
Children form a group to the music