Dmitry is my mother's Siberian, make a story about him. Biography of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak (presentation)

Mamin-Sibiryak wrote essays, novels and stories about the Urals. The most significant were the children's fairy tales that Mamin-Sibiryak composed for his beloved daughter.

Brief biography of Mamin-Sibiryak for children 3rd grade

In 1852, November 6, in the village of Visim, Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin was born. He studied at a factory school, then in Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg. After 6 years of studying at different faculties, he returned to the Urals and began making money by writing. We lived from hand to mouth. The writer suffered from tuberculosis. In 1911, his arm and leg were paralyzed. He died in November 1912 and was buried in St. Petersburg.

Origin and education

Dmitry’s father, Narkis Matveevich Mamin, is a priest at the church. Mother - Anna Semyonovna Stepanova - was a teacher at a church school. Dima studied at the Visimsky plant school. In 1864 he moved to Yekaterinburg, where he entered theological school. I got sick and was educated at home for a couple of years. He moved to St. Petersburg, entered the Medical Academy, where he studied the basics of the professions of a veterinarian and surgeon. He transferred to St. Petersburg University and studied law. He made his living by tutoring; there was little money, but he helped his younger brother get an education. Volodya was a politician and received recognition as a lawyer. Brief years training in the biography of Mamin-Sibiryak in St. Petersburg was completed. Due to illness, he dropped out of school and returned to his parents in the Urals, without completing a single degree.

Creativity and personal life

The writer wrote in different genres, sent manuscripts to publishing houses. I received refusals everywhere. The first success in the field of writing came from the stories “From the Urals to Moscow,” which the author signed in a new way - D. Sibiryak. Later he decided to consolidate his success by adding a successful pseudonym to his surname. With the money raised for the publication of the novel “Mountain Nest”, Dmitry purchased a house in Yekaterinburg. The following works were also successful.

The writer's first marriage lasted only 3 years. Afterwards, Dmitry Narkisovich fell in love with actress Maria Abramova, with whom he went to St. Petersburg. A year later she died, giving life to their daughter. The sickly girl was named Elena, Mamin-Sibiryak called her Alyonushka. Last time Dmitry married the girl's nanny. The governess helped Elena get a good education.

Mamin-Sibiryak dedicated Alyonushka’s Tales, published in 1896, to his daughter. The story “The Gray Neck” is a comparison of a sick daughter with a wounded bird that is fighting for life. Schoolchildren in the 3rd grade read “The Tale of the Brave Hare,” which instills in children the idea that with the help of loved ones we become strong and brave.

Mamin-Sibiryak ( real name- Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 - 1912), prose writer.
Born on October 25 (November 6, new year) in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant, Perm province, in the family of a factory priest. He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for children of workers.
In 1866 he was admitted to the Ekaterinburg Theological School, where he studied until 1868, then continued his education at the Perm Theological Seminary (until 1872). During these years, he participated in a circle of advanced seminarians and was influenced by the ideas of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, and Herzen.
In 1872, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy in the veterinary department. In 1876, without completing the academy course, he transferred to the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, but after studying for a year, he was forced to leave it due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health (tuberculosis began).
In the summer of 1877 he returned to the Urals, to his parents. The following year, his father died, and the whole burden of caring for the family fell on Mamin-Sibiryak. In order to educate his brothers and sister and be able to earn money, it was decided to move to a large Cultural Center. Yekaterinburg was chosen, where it begins new life. Here he married Maria Alekseeva, who became not only a wife-friend, but also an excellent adviser on literary issues. During these years, he makes many trips around the Urals, studies literature on history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, immerses himself in folk life, communicates with “simple people” who have a huge life experience.
The first fruit of this study was a series of travel essays “From the Urals to Moscow” (1881 - 82), published in the Moscow newspaper “Russian Vedomosti”; then his essays “In the Stones” and short stories (“At the Border of Asia”, “In Thin Souls”, etc.) were published in the magazine “Delo”. Many were signed under the pseudonym "D. Sibiryak".
The writer's first major work was the novel "Privalov's Millions" (1883), which was published for a year in the magazine "Delo" and was a great success. In 1884, the novel “Mountain Nest” appeared in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, which established Mamin-Sibiryak’s reputation as an outstanding realist writer.
Two long trips to the capital (1881 - 82, 1885 - 86) strengthened the writer’s literary connections: he met Korolenko, Zlatovratsky, Goltsev, etc. During these years he wrote and published a lot short stories, essays.
In 1890 he divorced his first wife and married a talented artist from the Yekaterinburg drama theater M. Abramova and moves to St. Petersburg, where he takes place final stage his life (1891 - 1912). A year later, Abramova dies, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shocked by this death.
The rise of the social movement in the early 1890s contributed to the appearance of such works as the novels “Gold” (1892) and the story “Okhonin’s Eyebrows” (1892). Mamin-Sibiryak’s works for children became widely known: “Alenushka’s Tales” (1894 - 96), “The Gray Neck” (1893), “Zarnitsa” (1897), “Across the Urals” (1899), etc.
The writer's last major works were the novels "Characters from the Life of Pepko" (1894), "Shooting Stars" (1899) and the story "Mumma" (1907).
At the age of 60, on November 2 (15 n.s.) 1912, Mamin-Sibiryak died in St. Petersburg.
Brief biography from the book: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.

Russian prose writer, playwright D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak (real name Mamin) was born on October 25 (November 6), 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky factory village of the Verkhotursky district of the Perm province, 140 km from Nizhny Tagil. This village, located in the depths of the Ural Mountains, was founded by Peter I, and the rich merchant Demidov built an iron factory here. The father of the future writer was the factory priest Narkis Matveevich Mamin (1827-1878). The family had four children. They lived modestly: my father received a small salary, little more than a factory worker. For many years he taught children for free at a factory school. “I never saw my father or mother without work. Their day was always full of work,” recalled Dmitry Narkisovich.

Since childhood, the writer fell in love with the magnificent Ural nature and always remembered it with love: “When I feel sad, my thoughts are carried away to my native green mountains, it begins to seem to me that the sky there is higher and clearer, and the people are so kind, and I myself become better". This is what Mamin-Sibiryak wrote many years later, being far from his native Visim. It was then, in his early childhood years, that Mamin-Sibiryak’s love for Russian literature arose and grew stronger. "In our house the book played main role“,” the writer recalled, “and my father took advantage of every free minute to read.” The entire Mamin family took care of the small home library.

From 1860 to 1864 Mitya studied in the Visimskaya village primary school for the children of workers, located in a large hut. When the boy was 12 years old, his father took him and his older brother Nikolai to Yekaterinburg and sent them to a religious school. True, the wild bursat morals had such an effect on the impressionable child that he fell ill, and his father took him away from school. WITH great joy Mitya returned home and for two years felt completely happy: reading alternated with wanderings in the mountains, spending the night in the forest and in the houses of mine workers. Two years flew by quickly. The father did not have the means to send his son to the gymnasium, and he was again taken to the same bursa.

In the book of memoirs “From the Distant Past” D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak described his impressions of studying at the bursa. He talked about senseless cramming, corporal punishment, ignorance of teachers and rudeness of students. The school did not give real knowledge, and students were forced to memorize entire pages from the Bible, sing prayers and psalms. Reading books was considered unworthy of a “real” student. In Bursa, only brute strength was valued. The older students bullied the younger ones and cruelly mocked the “newbies.” Mamin-Sibiryak considered the years spent at the school not only lost, but also harmful. He wrote: “It took many years, a lot of terrible work, to eradicate all the evil that I carried out of the bursa, and for those seeds to sprout that were abandoned a long time ago by my own family.”

After graduating from the bursa in 1868, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the Perm Seminary, a religious institution that provided secondary education. The seminary was not much different from the bursa. The same rudeness of morals and poor teaching. The Holy Scriptures, theological sciences, ancient languages ​​- Greek and Latin - this is what seminarians mainly had to study. However, the best of them strived for scientific knowledge.

In the Perm Theological Seminary in the early 1860s there was a secret revolutionary circle. Teachers and seminarians - members of the circle - distributed revolutionary literature at Ural factories and openly called for action against the owners. At the time when Mamin entered the seminary, the circle was destroyed, many seminarians were arrested and expelled, but they managed to save the underground library. It contained Herzen's forbidden works, works, and Chernyshevsky's novel "What is to be done?" and books on natural science (Ch. Darwin, I.M. Sechenov, K.A. Timiryazev). Despite all the persecution, the spirit of freethinking remained at the Perm Seminary, and students protested against hypocrisy and hypocrisy. In an effort to gain knowledge to benefit the people, Dmitry Mamin left the seminary after the 4th grade without graduating: he no longer wanted to be a priest. But it was during his stay at the Perm Theological Seminary that his first creative attempts dated back.

In the spring of 1871, Mamin left for St. Petersburg, and in August 1872 he entered the veterinary department of the Medical-Surgical Academy. He was carried away by the stormy social movement 1870s, attended revolutionary student circles, read the works of Marx, and participated in political disputes. Soon the police put him under surveillance. Life was difficult for him. I had to save on everything: on an apartment, on lunch, on clothes, on books. Together with a friend, Dmitry rented a cold, uncomfortable room in big house, where students and the urban poor lived. D.N. Mamin was sympathetic to the populist propagandist movement, but chose a different path for himself - writing.

In 1875, he began reporting work for the newspapers Russkiy Mir and Novosti, which, in his words, gave him knowledge of the “ins and outs” of life, “the ability to recognize people and a passion for plunging into the thick of everyday life.” In the magazines "Son of the Fatherland" and "Krugozor" he published action-packed stories, not without, in the spirit of P.I. Melnikov-Pechersky, ethnographic observation, stories about robbers, Ural Old Believers, mysterious people and incidents ("The Elders", 1875; "The Old Man", "In the Mountains", "Little Red Hat", "Mermaids", all - 1876; "Secrets of the Green Forest", 1877; the novel "In the Whirlpool of Passions", author's title "The Guilty ", 1876, etc.).

Student Mamin studied seriously, read a lot, listened to lectures, and visited museums. But, having decided to become a writer, in the fall of 1876, without completing the course at the Medical-Surgical Academy, he transferred to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, believing that he needed to study social sciences, which would help him better understand the life around him. In his future books, he wanted to open the Urals to people, talk about the hard work of factory workers, about the life of gold miners and peasants. Dmitry Mamin rereads the works of his favorite writers, writes a lot, works hard on his language and style. He becomes a newspaper reporter and writes short articles on assignments from various newspapers. Soon the first stories and essays of the young writer began to appear in St. Petersburg magazines.

Leading the life of a literary bohemia, Mamin was engaged in reporting and writing stories. His first work of fiction, “Secrets of the Green Forest,” was published without a signature in the magazine “Krugozor” in 1877 and is dedicated to the Urals. The beginnings of talent, acquaintance with nature and the life of the region are noticeable in this work. He wants to live for everyone, to experience everything and feel everything. Continuing to study at the Faculty of Law, Mamin writes a long novel “In the Whirlpool of Passions” under the pseudonym E. Tomsky, the novel is pretentious and very weak in all respects. He took the manuscript of the novel to the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, which was edited by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. A big blow for the aspiring writer was the negative assessment of this novel given by Saltykov-Shchedrin. But Mamin correctly understood that he lacked not only literary skill, but, above all, knowledge of life. As a result, his first novel was published only in one little-known magazine.

And this time Mamin failed to complete his studies. He studied at the Faculty of Law for about a year. Excessive work, poor nutrition, lack of rest broke the young body. He developed consumption (tuberculosis). In addition, due to financial difficulties and his father’s illness, Mamin was unable to pay the tuition fee and was soon expelled from the university. In the spring of 1877, the writer left St. Petersburg. The young man reached out to the Urals with all his heart. There he recovered from his illness and found strength for new works.

Once in his native place, Dmitry Narkisovich collects material for a new novel from Ural life. Trips around the Urals and the Urals expanded and deepened his knowledge folk life. But new novel, conceived back in St. Petersburg, had to be postponed. My father fell ill and died in January 1878. Dmitry remained the only breadwinner big family. In search of work, as well as to educate his brothers and sister, the family moved to Yekaterinburg in April 1878. But even in a large industrial city, the dropout student failed to get a job. Dmitry began giving lessons to lagging schoolchildren. The tedious work was poorly paid, but Mamin turned out to be a good teacher, and he soon gained fame as the best tutor in the city. He did not leave in a new place and literary work; When there was not enough time during the day, I wrote at night. Despite financial difficulties, he ordered books from St. Petersburg.

In the early 1880s, stories, essays and novellas began to be published in magazines in St. Petersburg and Moscow. famous writer D. Sibiryak. Soon, in 1882, the first collection of travel essays, “From the Urals to Moscow” (“Ural Stories”), was published. The essays were published in the Moscow newspaper "Russkie Vedomosti", and then in the magazine "Delo" his essays "In the Stones" and short stories ("At the Border of Asia", "In Thin Souls", etc.) were published. The heroes of the stories were factory workers, Ural prospectors, Chusovsky barge haulers; the Ural nature came to life in the essays. These works attracted readers. The collection quickly sold out. This is how the writer D.N. entered literature. Mamin-Sibiryak. His works became closer to the requirements of the democratic journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and Saltykov-Shchedrin already willingly published them. So, in 1882 the second period begins literary activity Mom's. His Ural stories and essays regularly appear in “Foundations”, “Deed”, “Bulletin of Europe”, “Russian Thought”, “Otechestvennye Zapiski”. In these stories one can already feel an original depicter of the life and morals of the Urals, a free artist who knows how to give an idea of ​​gigantic human labor and depict all sorts of contrasts. On the one hand, marvelous nature, majestic, full of harmony, on the other hand, human turmoil, a difficult struggle for existence. Having attached a pseudonym to his name, the writer quickly gained popularity, and the signature Mamin-Sibiryak remained with him forever.

The writer's first major work was the novel "Privalov's Millions" (1883), which was published for a year in the magazine "Delo". This novel, begun in 1872, is the most popular of his works today, but was completely unnoticed by critics at the time of its appearance. The hero of the novel, a young idealist, is trying to get an inheritance under his guardianship in order to pay off the people for the cruel family sin of oppression and exploitation, but the lack of will of the hero (a consequence of genetic degradation), the utopian nature of the social project dooms the enterprise to failure. Vivid episodes of everyday life, schismatic legends, pictures of the morals of “society”, images of officials, lawyers, gold miners, commoners, relief and accuracy of writing, abundant folk sayings and proverbs, authenticity in the reproduction of various aspects of Ural life made this work, along with other “Ural” novels by Mamin-Sibiryak, a large-scale realistic epic, an impressive example of domestic social-analytical prose.

In 1884, the next novel of the “Ural” cycle, “Mountain Nest,” appeared in the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski,” which established Mamin-Sibiryak’s reputation as an outstanding realist writer. The second novel also depicts the mining Urals from all sides. This is a magnificent page from the history of the accumulation of capitalism, acutely satirical work about the failure of the “magnates” of the Ural mining plants as organizers of industry. The novel talentedly depicts the mountain king Laptev, a complete degenerate, “a remarkable type of all that have ever been encountered in our literature,” according to Skabichevsky, who highly rated the novel “Mountain Nest” and found that “Laptev can safely be placed on a par with such eternal types like Tartuffe, Harpagon, Judushka Golovlev, Oblomov."

In the novel "On the Street" (1886; original title), conceived as a continuation of "Mountain Nest" Stormy stream") Mamin-Sibiryak transfers his "Ural" heroes to St. Petersburg, and, talking about the rise and collapse of a certain newspaper enterprise, emphasizes negative character social selection in a “market” society, where the best (the most “moral”) are doomed to poverty and death. The problem of searching for the meaning of life by a conscientious intellectual is raised by Mamin-Sibiryak in the novel “The Birthday Boy” (1888), which tells about the suicide of a zemstvo figure. At the same time, Mamin-Sibiryak clearly gravitates towards populist literature, striving to write in the style of G.I., whom he revered. Uspensky and N.N. Zlatovratsky - in a “fictional-journalistic” form, according to his definition. In 1885 D.N. Mamin wrote the play “Gold Miners” (“On the Golden Bottom”), which did not have much success. In 1886 he was admitted to membership in the Society of Amateurs Russian literature. The attention of the literary community was attracted by Mamin-Sibiryak’s collection “Ural Stories” (vols. 1-2; 1888-1889), in which the fusion of ethnographic and cognitive elements (as later with P.P. Bazhov) was perceived in the aspect of originality artistic manner writer, his skill as a landscape painter was noted.

14 years of the writer’s life (1877-1891) pass in Yekaterinburg. He marries Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, who became not only a wife and friend, but also an excellent adviser on literary issues. During these years, he makes many trips around the Urals, studies literature on history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, immerses himself in folk life, communicates with “simpletons” who have extensive life experience, and is even elected as a member of the Yekaterinburg City Duma. Two long trips to the capital (1881-1882, 1885-1886) strengthened the writer’s literary connections: he met Korolenko, Zlatovratsky, Goltsev and others. During these years he writes and publishes many short stories and essays.

But in 1890, Mamin-Sibiryak divorced his first wife, and in January 1891 he married the talented artist of the Yekaterinburg Drama Theater Maria Moritsovna Abramova and moved with her to St. Petersburg, where the last stage of his life took place. Here he soon became close to the populist writers - N. Mikhailovsky, G. Uspensky and others, and later, at the turn of the century, with the greatest writers of the new generation - A. Chekhov, A. Kuprin, M. Gorky, I. Bunin, highly who appreciated his works. A year later (March 22, 1892), his dearly beloved wife Maria Moritsevna Abramova dies, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shocked by this death.

Over the years, Mamin is increasingly occupied with the processes of people's life; he gravitates towards novels in which the main actor It turns out that it is not an exceptional person, but an entire working environment. The novels of D.N. became very famous. Mamin-Sibiryak “Three Ends” (1890), dedicated to the complex processes in the Urals after the Peasant Reform of 1861, “Gold” (1892), describing the gold mining season in harsh naturalistic detail, and “Bread” (1895) about the famine in the Ural village in 1891 -1892. The writer worked for a long time on each work, collecting enormous historical and contemporary material. A deep knowledge of people's life helped the author to clearly and truthfully show the difficult situation of workers and peasants and indignantly expose the rich factory owners who appropriated the natural resources of the region and exploited the people. The gloomy drama, the abundance of suicides and disasters in the works of Mamin-Sibiryak, the “Russian Zola”, recognized as one of the creators of the Russian sociological novel, revealed one of the important facets of the public mentality of Russia at the end of the century: the feeling of a person’s complete dependence on socio-economic circumstances that fulfill modern conditions function of unpredictable and inexorable ancient rock.

Colorful language major key Mamin-Sibiryak's historical stories "The Gordeev Brothers" (1891; about Demidov's serfs who studied in France) and "Okhonin's Eyebrows" (1892; about the uprising of the Ural factory population in the era of Pugachev), as well as legends from the life of the Bashkirs, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyz ( "Swan Khantygal", "Maya", etc.). “Stumpy”, “strong and brave”, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, a typical “Ural man”, Mamin-Sibiryak since 1892, after the bitter loss of his beloved wife, who died at the birth of their daughter Alyonushka, has also been nominated as an excellent writer about children and for children . His collections "Children's Shadows" and "Alenushka's Tales" (1894-1896) were very successful and became part of Russian children's classics. Mamin-Sibiryak’s works for children “Winter quarters on Studenoy” (1892), “Grey Neck” (1893), “Zarnitsa” (1897), “Across the Urals” (1899) and others became widely known. They reveal the high simplicity, noble naturalness of feelings and love for life of their author, who inspires with the poetic skill of domestic animals, birds, flowers, and insects. Some critics compare Mamin's fairy tales with Andersen's.

Mamin-Sibiryak took children's literature very seriously. He called a children's book a "living thread" that takes the child out of the children's room and connects him with the wider world of life. Addressing writers, his contemporaries, Mamin-Sibiryak urged them to truthfully tell children about the life and work of the people. He often said that only an honest and sincere book is beneficial: “A children’s book is a spring ray of sunshine that awakens the dormant powers of a child’s soul and causes the seeds thrown on this fertile soil to grow.”

Children's works are very diverse and intended for children of different ages. The younger children know Alyonushka's Tales well. Animals, birds, fish, insects, plants and toys live and talk happily in them. For example: Komar Komarovich - long nose, Shaggy Misha - short tail, Brave Hare - long ears - slanting eyes - short tail, Sparrow Vorobeich and Ruff Ershovich. Talking about the funny adventures of animals and toys, the author skillfully combines fascinating content with useful information, kids learn to observe life, they develop feelings of camaraderie and friendship, modesty and hard work. Mamin-Sibiryak’s works for older children tell about the life and work of workers and peasants in the Urals and Siberia, about the fate of children working in factories, industries and mines, about young travelers along the picturesque slopes of the Ural Mountains. A wide and diverse world, the life of man and nature, is revealed to young readers in these works. Mamin-Sibiryak’s story “Emelya the Hunter,” which was awarded an international prize in 1884, was highly appreciated by readers.

One of best books Mamin-Sibiryak is an autobiographical novel-memory of his St. Petersburg youth, “Characters from the Life of Pepko” (1894), which tells about Mamin’s first steps in literature, about attacks of acute need and moments of deep despair. He clearly outlined the writer’s worldview, the dogmas of his faith, views, ideas that formed the basis of his best works: deep altruism, aversion to brute force, love of life and, at the same time, longing for its imperfections, for “a sea of ​​​​sadness and tears ", where there is so much horror, cruelty, and untruth. “Can you really be satisfied with your life alone? No, living a thousand lives, suffering and rejoicing in a thousand hearts - that’s where life and real happiness are!” - says Mamin in “Characters from the life of Pepko”. The writer's last major works were the novel "Shooting Stars" (1899) and the story "Mumma" (1907).

The last years of his life the writer was seriously ill. On October 26, 1912, his fortieth anniversary was celebrated in St. Petersburg creative activity, but Mamin already had a bad reaction to those who came to congratulate him - a week later, on November 2 (15), 1912, he died. Many newspapers carried obituaries. The Bolshevik newspaper Pravda dedicated a special article to Mamin-Sibiryak, in which it noted the great revolutionary significance of his works: “A bright, talented, warm-hearted writer has died, under whose pen the pages of the past of the Urals came to life, an entire era of the march of capital, predatory, greedy, who knew no restraint. not with anything". “Pravda” highly appreciated the writer’s achievements in children’s literature: “He was attracted by the pure soul of a child, and in this area he gave whole line wonderful essays and stories."

D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak was buried at the Nikolskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra; two years later, the suddenly deceased daughter of the writer “Alyonushka”, Elena Dmitrievna Mamina (1892-1914), was buried nearby. In 1915, a granite monument with a bronze bas-relief was erected on the grave (sk. I.Ya. Ginzburg). And in 1956, the ashes and monument of the writer, his daughter and wife, M.M. Abramova, were moved to the Literatorskie bridge of the Volkovsky cemetery. On the grave monument of Mamin-Sibiryak the words are carved: “To live a thousand lives, to suffer and rejoice in a thousand hearts - that’s where real life and true happiness."

“The native land has a lot to thank you for, our friend and teacher... Your books helped us understand and love the Russian people, the Russian language...” - this is what D.N. wrote. Mamin-Sibiryak A.M. Bitter.

Tales of Mamin-Sibiryak

Mamin-Sibiryak wrote many stories, fairy tales, novellas for adults and children. The works were published in various children's collections and magazines, printed separate books. Mamin-Sibiryak’s tales are interesting and informative to read; he truthfully, with strong words, talks about hard life, describes his native Ural nature. For the author, children's literature meant a child's connection with the adult world, which is why he took it very seriously.

Mamin-Sibiryak wrote fairy tales with the goal of raising fair, honest children. A sincere book works wonders, the writer often said. Wise words thrown on fertile soil will sprout, because children are our future. Mamin-Sibiryak's tales are varied, designed for children of any age, because the writer tried to reach every child's soul. The author did not embellish life, did not justify or make excuses, he found warm words that convey the kindness and moral strength of the poor. Describing people's lives and nature, he subtly and easily conveyed and taught how to take care of them.

Mamin-Sibiryak worked a lot and hard on himself, on his skills, before he began to create literary masterpieces. Tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are loved by adults and children; they are included in school curriculum, staging children's matinees in gardens. The author's witty and sometimes unusual stories are written in the style of a conversation with young readers.

Mom's Siberian Alyonushka's tales

They start reading Mamin-Sibiryak with kindergarten or junior school classes. Alyonushka's collection of Mamin-Sibiryak's tales is the most famous of them. These short tales from several chapters speak to us through the mouths of animals and birds, plants, fish, insects and even toys. The nicknames of the main characters touch adults and amuse children: Komar Komarovich - long nose, Ruff Ershovich, Brave Hare - long ears and others. Mamin-Sibiryak Alyonushkina’s fairy tales were written not only for entertainment; the author skillfully combined useful information with exciting adventures.

The qualities that Mamin-Sibiryak’s tales develop (in his own opinion):

• Modesty;
• Hard work;
• Sense of humor;
• Responsibility for the common cause;
• Selfless strong friendship.

Alyonushka's tales. Reading order

1. Saying;
2. A fairy tale about a brave Hare - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail;
3. The Tale of Kozyavochka;
4. A fairy tale about Komar Komarovich - a long nose and about shaggy Misha - a short tail;
5. Vanka's name day;
6. A fairy tale about Sparrow Vorobeich, Ruff Ershovich and the cheerful chimney sweep Yasha;
7. A fairy tale about how the last Fly lived;
8. The Tale of the Black Little Crow and yellow bird Canary;
9. Smarter than everyone else;
10. The tale of Milk, oatmeal Porridge and the gray cat Murka;
11. It's time to sleep.

Mamin-Sibiryak. Childhood and youth

Russian writer Mamin-Sibiryak was born in 1852 in the village of Visim in the Urals. The place of birth largely predetermined his easy character, hot kind heart, love for work. The father and mother of the future Russian writer raised four children, working hard for many hours to earn their bread. From childhood, little Dmitry not only saw poverty, but lived in it.

Childhood curiosity led the child to completely different places, discovering pictures of arrested workers, arousing sympathy and at the same time interest. The boy loved to talk for a long time with his father, asking him about everything he saw that day. Like his father, Mamin-Sibiryak began to acutely feel and understand what honor, justice, and lack of equality are. Over the years, the writer has repeatedly described the harsh life common people from his childhood.

When Dmitry felt sad and anxious, his thoughts flew to his native Ural mountains, memories flowed in a continuous stream and he began to write. For a long time, at night, pouring out my thoughts on paper. Mamin-Sibiryak described his feelings this way: “It seemed to me that in my native Urals even the sky was clearer and higher, and the people were sincere, with a broad soul, it was as if I myself was becoming different, better, kinder, more confident.” The most good fairy tales Mamin-Sibiryak wrote precisely at such moments.

The love of literature was instilled in the boy by his adored father. In the evenings, the family read books out loud, replenished the home library and were very proud of it. Mitya grew up thoughtful and enthusiastic... Several years passed and Mamin-Sibiryak turned 12 years old. It was then that his wanderings and hardships began. His father sent him to study in Yekaterinburg at the Bursa school. There, all issues were resolved by force, the elders humiliated the younger ones, they fed poorly, and Mitya soon fell ill. His father, of course, immediately took him home, but after several years he was forced to send his son to study at the same bursa, since there was not enough money for a decent gymnasium. Studying at the bursa left an indelible mark on the heart of what was then just a child. Dmitry Narkisovich said that it later took him many years to expel terrible memories and all the accumulated anger from his heart.

After graduating from the bursa, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the theological seminary, but left it, as he himself explained, that he did not want to become a priest and deceive people. Having moved to St. Petersburg, Dmitry entered the veterinary department of the Medical-Surgical Academy, then transferred to the Faculty of Law and never graduated.

Mamin-Sibiryak. First work

Mamin-Sibiryak was an excellent student, did not miss classes, but was an enthusiastic person, which for a long time prevented him from finding himself. Dreaming of becoming a writer, he identified two things for himself that needed to be done. The first is working on your own language style, the second is understanding people's lives, their psychology.

Having written his first novel, Dmitry took it to one of the editorial offices under the pseudonym Tomsky. It is interesting that the editor of the publication at that time was Saltykov-Shchedrin, who gave, to put it mildly, a low assessment of Mamin-Sibiryak’s work. The young man was so depressed that he left everything and returned to his family in the Urals.

Then troubles fell one after another: the illness and death of his beloved father, numerous moves, unsuccessful attempts to get an education... Mamin-Sibiryak passed through all the tests with honor and already in the early 80s the first rays of glory fell on him. The collection "Ural Stories" has been published.

Finally, about the tales of Mamin-Sibiryak

Mamin-Sibiryak began writing fairy tales when he was already an adult. Many novels and stories were written before them. A talented, warm-hearted writer - Mamin-Sibiryak brought the pages to life children's books, penetrating young hearts with his kind words. You need to read Mamin-Sibiryak’s tales of Alyonushka especially thoughtfully, where the author easily and informatively laid down the deep meaning, the strength of his Ural character and the nobility of thought.

The biography of Mamin-Sibiryak is full of tragic moments, although they did not in any way affect his work.

The writer was born on October 25 (11/06), 1852 at the Visimo-Shaitansky plant (Ural) in the family of a parish priest named Mamin.

Education

The family was very intelligent, and Dmitry Narkisovich received a good education at home, which he continued at the Visim school, and then at the Ekaterinburg Theological School and Perm Seminary.

It was at this time that the young man began to understand that the work of a priest was not for him. From Perm he transferred to St. Petersburg, first to the Medical-Surgical Academy (he studied at the department of veterinary medicine, and then at the general surgical department), and then to the Faculty of Natural Sciences at St. Petersburg University, and later to the Faculty of Law. It was a real search for himself, the future writer tried to understand what was really interesting to him).

First marriage and early work

A year later, due to a sharp deterioration in health (the writer struggled with tuberculosis all his life), Dmitry Narkisovich returned to his parents in the Urals.

After the death of his father, he became the main breadwinner of the family (there were 2 younger brothers and a sister). At the same time, he married Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, who became his main assistant and adviser in his first literary experiments.

They settled in Yekaterinburg, and in 1880 Mamin-Sibiryak began to write. He drew inspiration from trips to his native Urals. He also often visited St. Petersburg, where he worked with magazine editors.

Personal drama

In 1890, the writer filed for divorce from his first wife and married again, actress Maria Abramova. The marriage was short-lived: Maria died in childbirth, leaving her daughter from her first marriage, sick with chorea, in the arms of her husband.

The writer for a long time sought custody of Elena (or Alyonushka, as she was called in the family). In a short biography of Mamin-Sibiryak for children, it is mentioned that he dedicated a whole series of works to her, “Alyonushka’s Tales,” and, having completed the adoption procedure, raised her as his own daughter.

It should be noted that tragic death his wife put the writer into deep depression. Exactly literary work, working on fairy tales helped him survive the tragic period and not break down.

Bibliography

Between 1876 and 1912, the writer published more than 15 novels and about 100 short stories, essays and novellas (the last major work was published in 1907). At the same time, he collaborates a lot with such famous writers, like V. G. Korolenko, N. N. Zlatovratsky. His most famous works are now being studied by children in the 3rd grade.

Last years

Over the past few years, the writer has been seriously ill. He suffered a stroke, paralysis, and suffered from pleurisy. The writer died in 1912 in St. Petersburg, where he was buried in one of the cemeteries of the Northern capital. His stepdaughter did not survive her father for long. She died of tuberculosis in 1914.

Other biography options

• The writer’s entire life was in one way or another connected with the Urals. That is why it was founded in 2002 literary prize named after him, which is awarded to writers who write about the Urals.
• The writer's brother was a fairly famous politician and even became a deputy of the Second State Duma.
• The writer did not have higher education: He never graduated from medical or law faculties.
• Mamin-Sibiryak had a very interesting hobby: He collected unusual surnames.