Ancient India - a land of fairy tales and amazing miracles- gave the world priceless art treasures. Monuments of ancient Indian architecture, sculpture and painting are distinguished by such living power of influence and such original beauty that they cannot be confused with monuments of another country. Originating in times as distant as the culture of Western Asia and Egypt, Indian culture in ancient times followed the same path of development as these countries. But it took shape in slightly different ways natural conditions, which left a special imprint on its formation. Belief in the miraculous power of nature became the basis of all Indian mythology and Indian culture. Indian mythology has provided enormous material for fine arts. Inextricably intertwined with each other, architecture, sculpture and painting have conveyed to our time in earthly and beautiful, and sometimes frightening images of people, animals and demons that legendary-mythological sense of the world, which originated in the depths of Indian fantasy back in ancient times.
Slide 2 from the presentation “Architecture of Ancient India” for geography lessons on the topic “India”Dimensions: 960 x 720 pixels, format: jpg. To download a free slide for use in a geography lesson, right-click on the image and click “Save Image As...”. You can download the entire presentation “Ancient India.ppt” in a zip archive of 3359 KB in size.
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"Japan China India" - Koran from the Ming Dynasty. Korean women in traditional casual costumes. The population of India is a diversity of races and peoples. China. Industry in Japan first developed along an evolutionary path. "Forbidden City" in Beijing with the Imperial Palace complex - Gukong. The western part of China is located within Central Asia.
“Architecture of Ancient India” - Freely placed rathas seemed to form part of the free world. A majestic bust of a three-faced deity who simultaneously embodies the forces of destruction. The portico with massive pillars also blocked the penetration of sunlight. author Zyryanova E.V. Fighting deer 17th century. Art of medieval India.
“Religion of India” - There is no division of society into varnas (castes). Sikh. Presentation: Religions of India. Jiva is a living, spiritual principle, possessing an eternal soul and consciousness. Samaveda - sacrificial songs. Brahmanism. Atharva Veda - prayer chants and spells. Shudras are servants, dependents. "Untouchables" Rigveda is a collection of ancient hymns.
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
KOMBAINOVSKAYA BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL
NAMED AFGHAN WARRIOR ALEXEY DEMYANIK
Administrative
in history in 5th grade per course
"Story Ancient world»
2015 – 2016 academic year
Information and creative projects.
Using additional literature and online resources, collect information on one of the topics you have chosen:
Inventions and discoveries primitive people. What role did these discoveries play?inventions in the life of primitive people? Are they still in use today?
The most ancient types of writing. When, where and why did writing originate? How did ancient writing differ from our writing? What is the origin of our alphabet?
India – the birthplace of many fables and tales about animals. Get to know them. Which ones did you like best? How? What beliefs are associated with what is in ancient literature Indians actors often are animals?
Ancient culture of China. What achievements ancient culture Do living Chinese have a right to be proud of China?
Religions of the world. Followers of which ancient religions worshiped many gods? What religions are characterized by monotheism (worship of a single god)? Do not forget that one of these religions arose later than the others, in that historical era which is called the Middle Ages.
The sages of ancient times about the rules of behavior. What do these rules have in common? Why are the instructions of the biblical sages, Buddha, Confucius, Socrates valuable for people of our time? What are the teachings of Jesus Christ?
The structure of ancient states. How did governance in Athens under Pericles and in the Roman Republic differ from governance in Ancient Egypt, Persia, China?
Patriotism of the Greeks in the wars with the Persians. Why did democracy foster love for one's fatherland? What battles with the Persians and why can serve as an example of Greek patriotism?
Spectacles that arose in ancient times. Which ones are still loved today? What spectacles were prohibited at the request of Christians? Why?
Famous buildings and buildings of antiquity. What did they look like? Where and for what purposes were they created? Which of them have survived to this day?
Present the results of the project in the form of a presentation or prepare a detailed colorful message.
Interaction between teacher and students in the educational process
Stages
Teacher activities
Student activity
1. Development of design specifications
1.1 Selecting a project topic
The teacher selects possible topics and offers them to students
Students discuss and accept general solution on topic
The teacher invites students to jointly select a project topic
A group of students, together with the teacher, selects topics and proposes them to the class for discussion.
The teacher participates in the discussion of topics proposed by students
Students independently select topics and propose them to the class for discussion.
1.2 Identification of subtopics in project topics
The teacher preliminarily identifies subtopics and offers them to students to choose from.
Each student chooses a subtopic or proposes a new subtopic
The teacher takes part in a discussion with students about the subtopics of the project
Students actively discuss and propose options for subtopics. Each student chooses one of them for himself (i.e., chooses a role for himself)
1.3 Formation creative groups
The teacher conducts organizational work to unite students who have chosen specific subtopics and activities
Students have already defined their roles and are grouped according to them into small teams.
1.4. Preparation of materials for research
work
If the project is voluminous, then the teacher develops assignments, questions for search activities and literature in advance
Individual high school and middle school students take part in developing assignments.
Questions to find answers can be developed in teams followed by class discussion
1.5. Definition
forms of expression
results of the project
activities
The teacher takes part in the discussion
Students in groups and then in class discuss the forms of presenting the result. research activities: video film, album, natural objects, literary living room, etc.
2. Development
project
Students carry out search activities
3. Design
results
The teacher advises, coordinates the work of students, stimulates their activities
Students, first in groups, and then in interaction with other groups, formalize the results in accordance with accepted rules
4. Presentation
The teacher organizes an examination (for example, invites senior schoolchildren or a parallel class, parents, etc. as experts)
Report on the results of their work
5. Reflection
Evaluates his activities in the pedagogical management of children’s activities, takes into account their assessments
They reflect on the process, themselves in it, taking into account the assessment of others.
Group reflection is desirable
Project evaluation criteria are
Significance and relevance
Correctness of methods
Participants' activity
Depth of penetration into the problem
Evidence of conclusions
Registration of results
Project content:
title of the project topic;
relevance of the project, problem;
fundamental and problematic issues;
goals and objectives of the project;
problem solution hypothesis;
form for presenting the results of the project and materials prepared in accordance with it;
used literature and information resources;
problems that the authors encountered while working on the project, how they solved them, and what they learned.
M, " Children's literature", 1988
“The children huddled around a gray-bearded storyteller in a snow-white turban. It’s stuffy in the house, but here, in the courtyard, fenced with a blank wall, under the tropical Indian night sky with large stars and bright moon, breathe easier. Grandfather's speech flows smoothly and smoothly. Grandfather tells a fairy tale. At the same time, attention, delight, enthusiasm, and an incomparable feeling of joy from meeting the wonderful were imprinted on the children’s faces,” with these fabulous words begins Volume 3 of the series “Tales of the Peoples of the World” - “Tales of the Peoples of Asia.” The compiler of the volume and the author of the introductory article and notes - Nikulin Nikolay Ivanovich. Indian folk tales included in our audio book are taken from this volume: “Brother Ambe and Brother Rambe”, “The Stupid Crocodile”, “Once Upon a Time There Was a Sparrow”, “The Nightingale and the Cotton Bush”, “About That , as the Sun, Moon and Wind went to dinner", "This is for that", "Good Dhir Singh", " golden fish", "Pepper Seed", "Poor Weaver", "Three Princes", "Who is Afraid of Whom?", "Sant and Basant", "Test of the Mind", "Stupid Brahmin", "Tenali Ramakrishna's Cat", "Pull", “Son of Pandit”, “What did the bear whisper in your ear?”, “Hard of hearing”, “Light from the temple”, “The man who went to seek his destiny”, “Sweets from heaven”, “The rooster and the cat”, “You listen to a fairy tale I don’t mind, but I can’t stand hunger,” “The Hunter and the Crow,” “Ugly Name,” “The Pea and the Bean.” Mostly fairy tales are magical, about animals, and everyday.
Animals in fairy tales talk and understand human speech, they help positive hero. In many Indian tales you will sense a mocking attitude towards monkeys; they apparently reminded the storytellers of fussy and unlucky people. It is not for nothing that in Ancient India they were said to be “changeable, like the thoughts of monkeys.”
We love fairy tales no less. These are fairy tales in which supernatural forces are necessarily at work. All the interest in a fairy tale is focused on the fate of the positive hero.
Later, everyday tales appeared. They do not have supernatural powers, magical objects or animals possessing magical power. IN everyday tales the hero is helped by his own dexterity, ingenuity, as well as the stupidity and slow-wittedness of his opponent. The hero of an Indian fairy tale, the intelligent and resourceful Tenali Ramakrishna, skillfully deceives the tyrant king. In everyday fairy tales there is a hero whom A. M. Gorky aptly called “ironic success”, classic example which may be Ivanushka - the fool from Russian fairy tales. He is stupid, narrow-minded, but luck accompanies him everywhere. In Indian folklore, such a hero is a stupid brahmana - a priest. He pretends that he is learned and smart, that he understands fortune-telling books, but in fact he shakes with fear every time he needs to show his art. But invariably, chance comes to his rescue every time, and the glory of a wise soothsayer is more and more firmly assigned to him. These are certainly funny tales.
The literature of every nation is rooted in oral folk art. The Indian epic poems Mahabharata and Ramayana are closely associated with Indian folklore. The authors of the ancient Indian collections of stories “Panchatantra” (five books of fables and stories) and “Jataka” drew motifs, plots and images of their works from folk tales. IN literary monument The 11th century Indian poet Somadeva's "Ocean of Tales" contains over three hundred inserted stories: a fairy tale is intertwined with a myth, an anecdote, or a short story. Funny motives Indian fairy tales included in the huge collection “Ancient Tales”, which appeared in the 11th century in Japan.
Centuries pass, generations change, but interest in the fairy tale does not dry up. Let the most modern format - audio fairy tales - sound tempting in your home. Listen online, download and enjoy Indian folk tales!
“Brother Ambe and Brother Rambe” is an Indian folk audio tale about animals about resourceful mice who managed to outwit the cat, adapted by S. F. Oldenburg. "In one big house There lived a cat, and there were a lot of mice in the house. The cat caught mice, ate them and lived freely. A lot of time passed, the cat grew old, and it became difficult for him to catch mice. Thought, he thought how...
Indian folk audio tale "The Stupid Crocodile", translation by N. Tolstoy. A tale about animals: a predatory, stupid crocodile and a cunning jackal, who every time manages to outwit the crocodile and thereby save his life. “Once upon a time there lived a jackal in his hole near the river... And in the river there lived a crocodile. Every day he hid near the shore under the bushes in the hope that...
“Once upon a time there was a sparrow” is an Indian folk audio tale from the series “Tales of the Peoples of the World, Volume 3 - Tales of the Peoples of Asia, translation by G. Zograf. “Once upon a time there was a sparrow with a heifer, and there lived a king. The sparrow and the hen built a nest in the royal palace. The king lived in his chambers, and the sparrow and sparrow lived in their nest. Once the king dressed up in a new dress -...
“The Nightingale and the Cotton Bush” is an Indian folk audio tale about animals, arranged by S. F. Oldenburg, and tells about the habits of the nightingale in our tale. A fabulous explanation is given why nightingales never land on cotton bushes. The fairy tale ends in the following words: "...The nightingale got angry and, when the birds flew away, he said to the cotton...
“How the Sun, the Moon and the Wind Went to Dinner” is an Indian folk legendary audio tale from the series “Tales of the Peoples of the World”, arranged by S. F. Oldenburg. The etymological Indian folk tale reflects the natural world of India. In a fabulous way explains why the scorching sun in India (“...from now on your rays will be burning, and...
Indian folk audio tale about animals “This is for that”, arranged by S. F. Oldenburg. “Once upon a time there lived two friends - a camel and a jackal, and then the jackal said to the camel: “On the other side of the river there is a sugar cane field. Let’s cross the river, you eat sweet cane, and I will catch some fish for myself, and we will have a good dinner.” The camel took the jackal on your back...
Indian folk magic audio tale "Good Dhir Singh", translation by A. and L. Barkhudarov, volume 3 "Tales of the Peoples of Asia". The fairy tale teaches kindness, through small actions of the heroes it highlights, separates good and evil. Once upon a time there lived a king. He was famous not for military victories, but for the construction of beautiful houses and temples. Good king!? He built the most beautiful palace. Same...
"The Golden Fish" is an Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the Peoples of the World", translated by N. Gurov. A fairy tale about a greedy old woman and a weak-willed old man - a fisherman. Thanks to A.S. Pushkin - known to everyone Russian amateurs fairy tale plot. The audio fairy tale “Golden Fish” ends with these words: “... An old woman sits and weeps bitterly: I looked at her...
Indian folk magic audio tale "Pepper Seed", translation by N. Gurov, "Tales of the Peoples of Asia" - volume 3 of "Tales of the Peoples of the World". The mother had two hunter sons. One day they did not return home in the evening. The old woman was frightened - how could she live alone now: scared and hungry. A passing sorcerer gave her 6 peppercorns, ordered her to put them in a jug,...
"The Poor Weaver" is an Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the Peoples of the World", volume 3 - "Tales of the Peoples of Asia", translated by G. Zograf. Fairy tale about magical assistant objects, about a gullible weaver and a deceiver and thief, an old woman who at the end of the fairy tale was taught a lesson by the poor weaver. He himself “...since then he was no longer in poverty.” To listen...
“Three Princes” is an Indian folk audio tale from the cycle “Tales of the Peoples of the World” - volume 3 “Tales of the Peoples of Asia”, translation by V. Balin. “In ancient times, there lived a king. He had three sons, one better than the other: brave, smart, and prudent. When the king grew old, he decided to leave his kingdom and live the rest of his days as a hermit in a holy monastery....
"Who's Afraid of Whom" is an Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the Peoples of the World", translated by N. Gurov. A fairy tale about an evil spirit. “Not far from one village there grew a tall tree. On this tree for a long time lived a rakshasa - an evil spirit - a cannibal... One day, two women, two sisters, came there from the village and stood under the very tree for themselves...
Indian folk audio tale "Sant and Basant", translation by A. Barkhudarov, "Tales of the Peoples of Asia" - volume 3 of "Tales of the Peoples of the World". Once upon a time there lived a king and a queen, they had two sons. The eldest was called Sant and the youngest was Basant. Happy, loving family it was. In the queen's bedchamber, a bird built a nest, and two chicks hatched there. Caring birds fed...
"Test of the Mind" is an Indian folk audio tale - a parable from the cycle "Tales of the Peoples of the World", translated by G. Zograf. The young king had an old adviser - experienced and wise. "...The young king highly respected the adviser and did everything as he said. The other courtiers saw how the adviser was held in high esteem, and they were deprived of peace - envy tormented them. Everyone was vying with each other...
Indian folk audio tale "The Foolish Brahman" is about a lazy and cowardly Brahman. Brahman is a person from the upper priestly class in Ancient India. God Brahma is the highest deity of the Hindus. Goddess Bhavani (who was prayed to by the unlucky but lucky brahman) is a Hindu goddess, the guardian mother of the earth. Pandit is a scientist...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "Tenali Ramakrishna's Cat", translation by N. Gurov, "Tales of the Peoples of Asia" - volume 3 of "Tales of the Peoples of the World". About a resourceful poet and the need for wise decisions of rulers. “Many years ago, the smart and cheerful poet Tenali Ramakrishna lived at the court of the great king Krishnadevaraya. They say that he once called for...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "Pull" about a clumsy boy and a savvy rogue servant, translated by G. Zograf. “Once upon a time there was a boy. He was so simple-minded, slow-witted, he couldn’t stand up or turn around. They invited him once to a wedding. So his father sent a servant with him. And the servant was very smart. All the way he instructed the boy to be a guest. ..
Indian folk audio tale "The Son of a Pandit" (a pandit is a learned Brahman), translation by B. Kuznetsov. "At the court of King Pradip, poets and pandits were held in high esteem. Among them there was one pandit named Vidyadhar - the source of knowledge. Vidyadhar's father, grandfather and great-grandfather were court poets. After the death of his father, Vidyadhar took his place. But from his...
Indian folk audio tale "What did the bear whisper in your ear?" has a similar plot to Russian folk tale"Two comrades." "Two friends were walking through the forest. Suddenly they saw a bear. One, in fear, climbed a tree and hid in the foliage. The other remained in front of the bear without any protection. He fell to the ground and lay as if dead. He once heard that...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "Deaf of Hearing" - Indian interpretation of what funny situation It happens when people talking can’t hear each other. “There lived in a village a shepherd with his wife and his parents. And all four of them were hard of hearing. Once a shepherd was plowing a field, and two passers-by walked past. They asked him: “We need to go to Ramnagar. Which one is there...
Indian folk audio tale "The Light from the Temple", translation by G. Zograf. “There lived a rich man in one village, and opposite his house there was a pond. Once a poor man came to the rich man and asked for help. The rich man said: “If you stay in the pond all night, I’ll give you twenty rupees.” “I’ll do it,” said the poor man and made the rich man swear three times, that he will not refuse what he promised..."...
Indian folk magic audio tale "The Man Who Searched for His Destiny", arranged by S. F. Oldenburg. Once upon a time there lived a man. He had a wife and twelve children, but not a single rupee of money. The children were crying from hunger, and the parents did not know what to do. The man got angry with God and went to seek his destiny. In the forest he met a camel with...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "Sweets from Heaven", with a well-known international plot, incl. the plot of the Spanish fairy tale “When donuts fell from the sky”, translation by G. Zograf. One poor woman lived by spinning thread. She had a son. Once she gave him the threads to take to the market to sell. He walks and walks, and lo and behold, a lizard is sitting on the fence. Lizard...
Indian folk audio tale "The Rooster and the Cat". Once upon a time there lived a rooster. And a cat often ran into the house and always stole something from the kitchen. Every time the rooster cried ku-ka-re-ku at the sight of a cat, people came running and chased the cat away. The cat decided that she needed to lure the rooster to become her ally. She promised him that she would share the rooster...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "You wouldn't mind listening to a fairy tale", translated by G. Zograf - about a stingy housewife and a hungry passerby. Once upon a time there lived a husband and wife in the same village. They were very stingy. God forbid a passerby knocks on their door. They won’t feed him, won’t give him something to drink, they’ll barely find a place for him to spend the night, and they’ll even force him to work. I knocked on them...
Indian folk magic audio tale "The Hunter and the Crow". The hunter had a crow. She fed from him, then flew away early in the morning and returned at night. She spent the whole day in the courtyard of the god Brahma. There she learned all the news and plans of Brahma and told the hunter what to do. No matter how hard Brahma tried to destroy the rice harvest and arrange...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "Ugly Name", translation by G. Zograf, "Fairy Tales of the Peoples of Asia" - volume 3 of "Fairy Tales of the Peoples of the World". There lived a peasant and his wife in the same village. His name was Thunthuniya. Every day, his wife told him: “What an ugly name you have!” Take something else - a beautiful one. One morning Thunthuniya left home to look for...
Indian folk audio fairy tale "The Pea and the Bean" is about two sisters: the older one is angry, lazy and grumpy, and the younger one is kind and hardworking. Once upon a time there lived two sisters. The eldest, Bobok, was grumpy and angry, and the youngest, Pea, was kind and affectionate. One day, Goroshina invited her sister to visit her father together. She replied that she didn’t want to for the sake of...
Business card Country area: 3 million 288 thousand km 2 Population: 1 billion 10 million people Capital: Delhi Form of government: republic ATU: federation India is one of ancient states peace. In the past it was a colony of Great Britain, after the Second World War it achieved independence.
Economic-geographical position It is separated from China by the mountainous country of the Himalayas. Along the foot of the Himalayas flows through the lowlands great river Ganges. It is considered the sacred river of India. With the discovery of sea routes to India by Europeans, the era of the Great began geographical discoveries. The world's maritime trade routes pass through India. Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, and it is also located halfway between the Middle and Far East.
Population India ranks second in population in the world, after China. Scientists count about 1.6 thousand dialects here. The official language is Hindi (the language of Hindustani, the largest Indian nation) and English. Bilingualism is widespread. The distribution of India's population is uneven.
Population The most densely populated fertile lowlands, plains in valleys and river deltas and sea coast. The level of urbanization (urban growth) in India is relatively low (30 – 40%). Major cities India: Delhi, Kolkata, Bompey, Chennai. The majority of the population lives in villages (there are more than 600 thousand), large and crowded. Almost ¼ of Indians live below the official poverty level.
Religion Hindus, Muslims 80% of the population are Hindus, Muslims constitute the largest religious minority - 11%, Sikhs - Buddhists 2.2% - Sikhs, Buddhists only 0.7%, most of whom converted to Buddhism quite recently. India is a secular state and any discrimination on religious grounds is punishable by law.
Industry B chemical industry The production of mineral fertilizers stands out. Pharmaceuticals are developing. India is the world's chromium exporter. She takes leading place in reserves of graphite, beryl, thorium, zirconium, and second place in the world in titanium production. Light industry is a traditional sector of the Indian economy, especially cotton and jute. Food industry produces goods for both domestic consumption and export. India ranks first in the world in tea exports.
Indian Agriculture Leading Industry agriculture India - crop production. In India they grow: grain crops: rice, wheat, corn, millet. The main industrial crops are cotton, jute, tea, sugar cane, tobacco, oilseeds (peanuts, rapeseed, etc.). Coconut palms, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, citrus fruits, herbs and spices are also grown.
Livestock Livestock farming is the second most important agricultural sector in India, far behind crop production. India ranks first in the world in the number of cattle and one of the last in the consumption of meat products, since the religious views of Hinduism support vegetarianism and prohibit eating beef and killing cows (in ancient india they were a symbol of fertility and prosperity). In coastal areas great value has a fishery.
Aviation, automobile, maritime and river transport. Indian car "Tata Nano" An-32. Indian Air Force Indian warship "Tabar"
Indian cuisine characterized by a wide variety of regional styles and sophisticated use of kitchen roots, herbs and seasonings. The main food products in the regions are rice and wheat. The most famous seasoning, originally originating from the Indian subcontinent and now consumed throughout the world, is black pepper.
Panchatantra (Sanskrit - “five books”, or according to another interpretation “five tricks”, more precisely - “the science of management called Panchatantra”) is a famous collection of fables and parables that arose in India around the 3rd century. n. e. and through the mediation of the Persians (Pahlavi translation of the 6th century) and Arabs (translation from the Pahlavi Ibn Moqaffa of the 8th century) became the property of world literature.
Like almost all the epic works of ancient India, the Panchatantra is built on the principle of framing in the form of five prose stories (“Separation of Friends”, “Gain of Friends”, “War of Crows and Owls”, “Loss of Gain” and “Reckless Deeds”, the heroes of the first story are jackal-ministers Karataka and Damanaka, after whom the collection in Arabic translation was named); These stories, in turn, are united by an introductory story about the sage Vishnusharman, who wrote the Panchatantra as an instruction for the royal sons, and are the frame for many inserted parables, fables and poetic sayings. In addition to independent versions of the Panchatantra, both in its entirety and in excerpts, is included in a whole series others epic works ancient India: in large poetic collections of tales of Somadeva and Kshemendra, in prose framed collections “Hitopadesha”, “Seventy Tales of a Parrot”, etc.
The content of the Panchatantra is a discussion in narrative form of difficult incidents presented to the ruler; its goal is to teach diplomacy and good Sanskrit to young men of noble families. Thus, Panchatantra is a kind of educational book, a didactic work. But Panchatantra didactics has very little to do with morality. It arose among sectarian city dwellers, equally opposed to both Brahmanism and Buddhism, expressing the interests of this environment and the demands it made on state power. Its goal is to show that moral laws are not absolute, that they recede into the background before the idea of the welfare of the state.
It is clear that this is a worldview, this artistic method easily found an echo wherever the prerequisites for the isolation of the “urban class” already existed, where representatives of merchant capital began to feel constrained under the conditions of the feudal system. It is not for nothing that most of the Panchatantra plots were so easily adopted by the urban class of the medieval West and used by them to ridicule monks, priests and knights.
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