Literature – 10th grade.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics»
(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)
Lesson objectives: identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.
Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;
The main idea of the work;
Main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and systematize educational material;
Improve your skills in working with text;
Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.
Progress of the lesson.
IOrg moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (Part 2,
chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.
Good afternoon, guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)
2.Build and record a chain keywords, revealing the character of Stolz, Oblomov (checking homework)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?
Let's define the lexical meaning of the words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.
Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).
What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;
In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated the best qualities of Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the paintings happy life in an estate full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.
Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”
(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life And life position. In the conclusion column, we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Embedded program
Outlook on life
Purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
Test of love
a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"
b)Origin:
…
…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, successfully serves, retires to take care of his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.
His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)
His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.
His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).
A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, princely castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”
Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).
d).Education:
…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.
From the age of eight he sat with his father geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”
Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
e) Established program.
Oblomov
Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).
“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”
What was Stolz most afraid of?
Substantiating their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“ optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity - an active beginning
“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; need to write some project or adapt new idea to the point - they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “Live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and bring the vessel of life to last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in Chapter 8 of the first part).
Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)
(Physical education minute)
Introductory speech about the meaning of life.
Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)
In what setting does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?
e) Outlook on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)
“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”
- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (arguments) often last word the author gives Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
“...he is constantly on the move...”
Sleep (inactivity)
“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”
A dream is a “shell, self-deception”
“he was afraid of every dream... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”
Fear of circumstances
“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"
The aimlessness of existence
“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)
Labor is punishment
“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)
Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed
- Is Stolz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people looking for meaning in social life- dead people, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!
Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?
Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?
Result:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Give reasons. What values(which of the heroes) will you take into your life luggage?)
- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?
Student answers:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.
- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.
2. Stolz . Strong and smart, he is in constant activity and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.
Answer to the problematic question: Are Oblomov and Stolz twins or antipodes? (student's words).
V Summing up.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.
- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.
Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.
Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.
So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adulthood independent life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, coming out of the soft teenage years into stern, embittering courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”
VI . Homework :
Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:
1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)
3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new apartment on Vyborg side at Pshenitsyna's.
Ratings
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"
Origin
from rich noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.
his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.
Education
…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow
Embedded program
… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.
… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?
Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...
Purpose of life
Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”
“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”
Friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.
Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: sometimes it will pinch you on the sly, sometimes it will suddenly come right from your forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “...“life touches!” “And, thank God!” - said Stolz.
Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”
Test of love
he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Embedded program
Outlook on life
Purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
Test of love
Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is one of the main characters of the romn “Oblomov”, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolts, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, five miles from Oblomovka. The author says this about this hero: “Stolz was only half German, according to his father: his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith; His natural speech was Russian: he learned it from his mother and from books. German he inherited from his father.”
Stolz received a specific education: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, and biblical books and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables. “Since childhood, Andrei has been accustomed to work and movement.
His upbringing, like his education, was dual: dreaming that his son would grow into a “good bursh,” his father in every possible way encouraged boyish fights, without which his son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared by heart, Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from - and every time young Stolz returned with a lesson learned. Stolz’s mother, on the contrary, sought to raise a true gentleman” - a decent, clean boy with curled curls: “in her son she saw the ideal of a gentleman, although an upstart, from a black body, from a burgher father, but still the son of a Russian noblewoman.” From this bizarre combination the character of Stolz was formed.
Stolz is regarded as an almost certainly positive figure, designed to awaken the sleepy kingdom of the Oblomovs and call its inhabitants to useful activity. What is confusing is that it was not a Russian man who was chosen as a hero, but a German. This fact causes Stolz to be rejected by some characters in the novel, in particular Tarantiev, who speaks hostilely about Stolz because he debunks his machinations: “Good boy. A Russian person will choose one thing, and even then slowly, little by little. “
Dobrolyubov saw in the image of Stolz a type of bourgeois businessman-entrepreneur, focused only on the organization of personal happiness and well-being: “how could Stolz in his activities calm down from all the aspirations and needs that overwhelmed even Oblomov, how could he be satisfied with his position, calm down in his lonely , separate, exclusive happiness. “
Oblomov perceives his friend differently; With early years“Stolz’s youthful heat infected Oblomov, and he burned with a thirst for work, a distant but charming goal.” Oblomov is used to living according to Stolz’s orders; in the smallest matters he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stoltz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything. However, Oblomov is in no hurry to follow his friend’s advice: their concepts of life and work are too different. Not knowing how to do without outside help, Oblomov precisely in this trait of his character is the complete opposite of Stolz, who with early age was taught by his father not to count on anyone for anything except himself. He wants to do everything at the same time; Stolz is equally interested in everything - commerce, travel, writing, civil service. Parting with his father, who is sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz says that he will certainly follow his father’s advice and go to see Ivan Bogdanovich’s old friend Reingold. But this will only happen when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reinholtz. This is the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov so lacks.
Stolz's element - constant movement. In his early thirties, he feels good and at ease only when he feels his own need in all parts of the world at once: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.” The most important thing in Stolz’s character is that “just as there is nothing superfluous in the body, so in the moral directions of his life he sought a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit. The two sides walked parallel, crossing and intertwining along the way.”
One of the important components of Stolz’s philosophy is achieving a goal by any means, regardless of obstacles: “Above all else he put persistence in achieving goals.” It was this trait that most likely forced Goncharov to make his hero a German, however, with the hope that not today or tomorrow new Stolts will appear under Russian names.
Having the kindest feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya, Stolz prefers not to understand them, but to “instill”, like smallpox, love into her and Oblomov in order to fulfill his purpose - to awaken Oblomov to rational activity and high love. And when this experiment is not crowned with success, Stolz allows his own feelings to manifest themselves: he marries Olga, perceiving her not only as his beloved woman, wife, but also as a student. On it, Stolz seems to be testing his own theories and philosophy of attitude towards life.
But Stolz’s character is fully revealed at the moment when, years later, he explains to Olga in response to her causeless melancholy and sadness: “You and I are not Titans. We will not go, with the Manfreds and Fausts, into a daring struggle with rebellious issues.”
Thus, appearing in the novel’s action as a spring, as an attempt to eternally overcome the usual way of life, Stolz is of interest to readers as a hero.
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1.”…It’s tricky and difficult to live simply!..”
“...Whoever is happy and profitable in his place will not leave; and if it’s not profitable for him, then it’s not profitable for you either: why keep him?..”
“...Is consciousness really a justification?..”
“...You first throw off the fat, the heaviness of the body, then the sleep of the soul will fly away. We need both physical and mental gymnastics...”
“...There is a gentleman who puts on his own stockings and takes off his boots himself...”
“...conceit […] is almost the only engine that controls the will...” (Stolz on pride)
“...Life will flash like an instant […] Let it be a constant burning!..” “...Man was created to arrange himself and even change his nature, but he grew a belly and thinks that nature sent him this burden!..” (Stolz about fate)
“...There is no person who doesn’t know how to do something, by God no!..” “...It started with the inability to put on stockings and ended with the inability to live...” (Stolz about Oblomovism) “... He said that “the normal purpose of a person is to live four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps, and to carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain, and that an even and slow burning of fire is better than stormy fires, no matter what poetry burns in them "..."
“...A person sometimes unconsciously becomes an egoist...” “...Friendship is a good thing […] when it is love between a young man and a woman or a memory of love between old people. But God forbid, if on the one hand it is friendship, on the other hand it is love...” “... love is less demanding than friendship, it is even often blind, people do not love for merit - that’s all true. But for love you need something, sometimes trifles, that cannot be defined or named...”
“-... I thought that the heart is not mistaken. – No, he’s wrong: and how disastrous it is sometimes!..” (Stolz and Olga Ilyinskaya about love) “... My God! What won't women cry about? […] How many reasons for tears!..” (Stolz about women’s tears) “.. But isn’t joy a feeling, and, moreover, without selfishness?..”
“...Reluctantly you will begin to live as they live around you...”
“...This is not your sadness; it is a common affliction of humanity. One drop splashed on you... All this is scary when a person is detached from life... when there is no support..."
2. A reader delving into the images of such absolutely opposite personalities may have a fair question: how could they be friends? But perhaps some will be surprised to learn that at first Andrei and Ilya were similar in character. But it was their upbringing, the environment in which the young friends lived, that made them as different as the South and the North. However, close comrades cope well with their differences and complement each other perfectly.
Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”
These two people, different in temperament, were able to appreciate each other. Stolz sees him in Oblomov beautiful soul, and he, in turn, notices the best qualities of a true, devoted friend.
“...I knew many people from high qualities, but I have never met a purer, brighter and simpler heart; I loved many, but no one as firmly and ardently as Oblomov. Once you know him, you can’t stop loving him…” says Andrei Ivanovich about Ilya Ilyich.
He loves his friend for his sincerity, he thinks very good person, even despite his imposingness, apathy and laziness. Stolz hopes that someday it will be possible to remake Ilya Ilyich and is trying to take appropriate measures. But will he succeed?
3. Father did not spoil little Andryusha. Old Stolz loved his son, but was strict and cold with him. His father gave Stolz freedom and allowed him to play pranks. Stolz was accustomed to work from childhood. As a result, Stolz grew up to be an independent boy. Already at the age of 14-15, he himself traveled to the city on behalf of his father.
4. Meeting Olga Ilyinskaya makes a real revolution in Oblomov’s life. With the advent of Olga, Oblomov becomes a different person, alive and active. He gets up early, dresses beautifully, etc.: All this time, Oblomov and Olga hide their relationship from others. They see each other in the park under the guise of friendly walks. No one around has any idea about their love. Gradually, Olga pulls Oblomov out of his “sleepy life” and tries to change him. Oblomov is really changing: he sleeps less, moves more, starts reading a lot, etc. Oblomov does all this for Olga, and not for himself. The relationship between Oblomov and Olga is developing. The heroes are becoming closer and closer to each other. Sometimes Oblomov gets tired of the life that the active Olga imposes on him. Oblomov tries last bit of strength to please your beloved. Gradually, his love for Olga seems like a service to him.
The absolute opposite of Oblomov is Stolz, who becomes the embodiment of calculation, activity, strength, determination, and determination. In Stolz’s German upbringing, the main thing was the development of an independent, active, purposeful nature. When describing the life of Stolz, Goncharov most often uses the words “firmly,” “straight,” and “walked.” And Stolz’s surname itself is sharp, abrupt, and his whole figure, in which there was not a fraction of roundness and softness, as in Oblomov’s appearance - all this reveals his German roots. His whole life was outlined once and for all; imagination, dreams and passions did not fit into his life program: “It seems that he controlled both sorrows and joys like the movement of his hands.” The most valued quality in a person for Stolz is “persistence in achieving a goal,” however, Goncharov adds that Stolz’s respect for a persistent person did not depend on the quality of the goal itself: “He never refused to respect people with this persistence, no matter how their goals were not important."
Stolz's goal in life, as he formulates it, is work and only work. To Oblomov’s question: “Why live?” - Stolz, without thinking for a moment, answers: “For the work itself, for nothing else.” This unequivocal “nothing else” is somewhat alarming. The results of Stolz’s work have a very tangible “material equivalent”: “He really made a house and money.” Goncharov speaks very vaguely, casually about the nature of Stolz’s activities: “He is involved in some company that sends goods abroad.” For the first time in Russian literature, an attempt appeared to show a positive image of an entrepreneur who, not having wealth at birth, achieves it through his labor.
Trying to elevate his hero, Goncharov convinces the reader that from his mother, a Russian noblewoman, Stolz learned the ability to feel and appreciate love: “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world.” However, in Stolz’s love everything is subordinated to reason; it is no coincidence that the “reasonable” Stolz never understood What happened between Oblomov and Olga, What became the basis of their love: “Oblomov! Can't be! – he added again affirmatively. “There’s something here: you don’t understand yourself, Oblomov, or, finally, love!” “This is not love, this is something else. It didn’t even reach your heart: imagination and pride, on the one hand, weakness, on the other.” Stolz never understood that there are different types of love, and not just the kind that he calculated. It is no coincidence that this inability to accept life in its diversity and unpredictability ultimately leads to the “Oblomovism” of Stolz himself. Having fallen in love with Olga, he is ready to stop, freeze. “I found mine,” thought Stolz. – I’ve waited!.. here it is, the last happiness of a person! Everything has been found, there is nothing to look for, there is nowhere else to go!” Having already become Stolz’s wife, experiencing true love for him, realizing that she has found her happiness in him, Olga often thinks about the future, she is afraid of this “silence of life”: “What is this? - she thought. -Where should we go? Nowhere! There is no further road. Is it really not, have you really completed the circle of life? Is everything really here, everything?”
Their attitude towards each other can say a lot about the characters. Oblomov sincerely loves Stolz, he feels true selflessness and generosity towards his friend; one can recall, for example, his joy at the happiness of Stolz and Olga. In his relationship with Stolz, the beauty of Oblomov’s soul is revealed, his ability to think about the meaning of life, activity, and its focus on man. Oblomov appears as a man who passionately seeks, although he does not find, a standard of life. In Stolz there is some kind of “lack of feeling” towards Oblomov; he is not capable of subtle emotional movements: on the one hand, he sincerely sympathizes with Ilya Ilyich, loves him, on the other hand, in relation to Oblomov he often turns out to be not so much a friend as “formidable” teacher." Stolz was for Ilya Ilyich the embodiment of that stormy life that always frightened Oblomov, from which he tried to hide. To Oblomov’s bitter and annoying: “Life touches,” Stolz immediately responds: “And thank God!” Stolz sincerely and persistently tried to force Oblomov to live more actively, but this persistence sometimes became harsh and sometimes cruel. Without sparing Oblomov and not considering that he has the right to do so, Stolz touches on the most painful memories of Olga, without the slightest respect for his friend’s wife he says: “Look around, where are you and who are you with?” The very phrase “now or never,” menacing and inevitable, was also unnatural to Oblomov’s soft nature. Very often, in a conversation with a friend, Stolz uses the words “I will shake you,” “you must,” “you must live differently.” Stolz drew up a life plan not only for himself, but also for Oblomov: “You must live with us, close to us. Olga and I decided so, so it will be!” Stolz “saves” Oblomov from his life, from his choice - and in this salvation he sees his task.
What kind of life did he want to involve his friend in? The content of the week that Oblomov spent with Stolz was inherently different from the dream on Gorokhovaya Street. There were some things to do this week, lunch with a gold miner, tea at the dacha in a large society, but Oblomov very accurately called it vanity, behind which no person is visible. In his last meeting with his friend, Stolz said to Oblomov: “You know me: I set myself this task a long time ago and will not give up. Until now I was distracted by various things, but now I am free.” So the main reason emerged - various matters that distracted Stolz from his friend’s life. And indeed, between the appearances of Stolz in Oblomov’s life - like failures, like abysses - years pass: “Stolz did not come to St. Petersburg for several years,” “a year has passed since Ilya Ilyich’s illness,” “it’s been five years since we have seen each other.” It is no coincidence that even during Oblomov’s life, “an abyss opened up” between him and Stolz, “a stone wall was erected,” and this wall existed only for Stolz. And while Oblomov was still alive, Stolz buried his friend with an unequivocal sentence: “You are dead, Ilya!”
The author's attitude towards Stolz is ambiguous. Goncharov, on the one hand, hoped that soon “many Stolts would appear under Russian names,” on the other hand, he understood that in artistically It is hardly possible to call the image of Stolz successful, full-blooded, he admitted that the image of Stolz is “weak, pale - the idea from it looks too bare.”
The problem of the hero in the novel “Oblomov” is connected with the author’s thoughts about the present and future of Russia, about the generic traits of the Russian national character. Oblomov and Stolz are not just different human characters, they are different systems moral values, different worldviews and ideas about the human personality. The hero’s problem is that the author does not give preference to either Oblomov or Stolz, reserving to each of them his right to the truth and choice of life path.
In 1859, the novel by I.A. was published. Goncharov's "Oblomov", rightly considered the pinnacle of the writer's creativity, and for the first time the word "Oblomovism" was heard throughout Russia. The deep meaning of this new concept was revealed to readers by N. Dobrolyubov in the article “What is Oblomoshchina?” Speaking in his article about the novelty of Goncharov’s novel, Dobrolyubov compared the image of Oblomov with many previous heroes of Russian literature: Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin, Beltov. They all carried within themselves, in their psychology, in their way of thinking, and, most importantly, in their way of life, the traits of “Oblomovism.” What was new was not Oblomov himself, but the fact that such a hero was in the spotlight. Traits that were previously reflected in the character of Onegin, Pechorin and others as secondary, have now come to the fore. And although all these heroes are strong natures, people with high and noble aspirations, “the same Oblomovism hangs over all these faces.” This trait, while not being the main, defining one, is deeply hidden in the psychology of the mentioned heroes, although it is Oblomovism that is the reason for their disorder, their inability to adapt to life and all other troubles. “It is very likely,” wrote Dobrolyubov, “that under other living conditions, in another society, they would have found something to do... The fact is that they all have one common feature- a fruitless desire for activity, the consciousness that much could come of them, but nothing will come of it.” And this is the most correct definition"Oblomovism".
In Goncharov’s work it was in the center of the image, and the author himself repeatedly introduces this concept at the climax of the narrative. For the first time this word comes from the lips of Andrei Stolts, as a response to the idyllic picture of life drawn by Oblomov:
“- This is... (Stolz thought and looked for what to call this life). Some kind of... Oblomovism,” he finally said.”
Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is contrasted with Oblomov in the novel. initially he was thought of by Goncharov as goodie, a worthy antipode to Oblomov. The author dreamed that over time many “Stoltsevs will appear under Russian names.” He tried to combine in Stolz German hard work, prudence and punctuality with Russian dreaminess and gentleness, with philosophical thoughts about the high destiny of man. Stolz's father is a businesslike burgher, and his mother is a Russian noblewoman. But Goncharov failed to synthesize German practical and Russian spiritual breadth. In Stolz, the mind prevails over the heart. This is a rational nature, subordinating even the most intimate feelings to logical control, and distrustful of poetry free feelings and passions.
Of course, Stolz has a lot good qualities, which favorably distinguishes him from Oblomov. He is active and energetic, a “man of action.” He knows how to go towards his goal, “bravely walking through all obstacles.” True, he did not have that courage that would allow him, closing his eyes, headlong, to jump across the abyss. No, he will first carefully measure the abyss “and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will leave, no matter what they say about him.” Goncharov very accurately noted here Stolz’s lack of imagination and inspiration, his lack of wings. Like Oblomov, he is kind and honest, but at the same time firm and calculating. Stolz is completely absorbed in his affairs, in which he sees the only meaning of life. But why and in the name of what does he work? This is what he doesn’t know. However, Stolz answers Oblomov like this: “For the work itself, for nothing else. Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine. So you drove work out of life, what does it look like?” Goncharov astutely captured in the image of Stolz a bourgeois businessman, entrepreneur and acquirer, alien to high spiritual impulses and devoid of social ideals, for whom work has no meaning. moral meaning and serves only as a means of continuous enrichment.
So, Stolz as a kind of “positive hero”, as a counterweight to Oblomov, clearly did not materialize. And the author himself felt this, noting that this image is “weak, pale” and that “the idea peeks out too barely from it.” Condemning and rejecting Oblomov, Stolz himself carries elements of Oblomovism. For the absence high goal in life deprives her of wings, turning her human existence all in the same hopeless Oblomovism.
Tasks and tests on the topic “Andrey Stolts as a “man of action.”
- SPP with adverbial adverbial clauses (adverbial comparisons, manner of action, measure and degree) - Complex sentence 9th grade