Kipling's work is one of the most striking phenomena of the neo-romantic movement in English literature. His works show the harsh life and exoticism of the colonies. He dispelled the common myth about the magical, luxurious East and created his own fairy tale - about the harsh East, cruel to the weak; he told Europeans about powerful nature, which requires every creature to exert all its physical and spiritual strength.
For eighteen years, Kipling wrote fairy tales, short stories, and ballads for his children and nephews. Two of his cycles gained worldwide fame: the two-volume “The Jungle Book” (1894-1895) and the collection “Just Like That” (1902). Kipling's works encourage little readers to think and self-educate. Still English boys they memorize his poem “If...” - the commandment of courage.
The title "The Jungle Book" reflected the author's desire to create a genre close to ancient monuments literature. The philosophical idea of the two "Jungle Books" boils down to the statement that the life of wild nature and man is subject to general law- the fight for life. The Great Law of the Jungle determines Good and Evil, Love and Hate, Faith and Unbelief. Nature itself, and not man, is the creator of moral commandments (which is why there is no hint of Christian morality in Kipling’s works). The main words in the jungle: “You and I are of the same blood...”.
The only truth that exists for a writer is living life, not constrained by the conventions and lies of civilization. In the eyes of the writer, nature already has the advantage that it is immortal, while even the most beautiful human creations sooner or later turn to dust (monkeys frolic and snakes crawl on the ruins of a once luxurious city). Only fire and weapons can make Mowgli stronger than anyone in the jungle.
The two-volume “Jungle Book” is a cycle of short stories interspersed with poetic inserts. Not all short stories tell about Mowgli; some of them have independent plots, for example, the fairy tale short story “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”.
Kipling settled his many heroes in the wilds of Central India. The author's fiction is based on many reliable scientific facts, the study of which the writer devoted a lot of time. The realism of the depiction of nature is consistent with its romantic idealization.
Another “children’s” book by the writer that has become widely known is the collection short tales, called by him “Just like that” (can be translated as “Just fairy tales”, “ Simple stories"): "Where does the Whale get such a throat", "Why does the Camel have a hump", "Where does the Rhino get its skin", "Where do Armadillos come from", "Baby Elephant, "How the leopard got its spots", "The cat that walked by itself" " and etc.
Kipling was fascinated folk art India, and his tales organically combine the literary skill of the “white” writer and the powerful expressiveness of Indian folklore. In these tales there is something from ancient legends - from those tales that adults believed in at the dawn of humanity. The main characters are animals, with their own characters, quirks, weaknesses and strengths; they look not like people, but like themselves - not yet tamed, not classified into classes and species.
“In the very first years, long, long ago, all the land was brand new, just made” (hereinafter translated by K. Chukovsky). In the primordial world, animals, like people, take their first steps, on which their future life. Rules of conduct are just being established; good and evil, reason and stupidity are just defining their poles, but animals and people are already living in the world. Every living being is forced to find its own place in an as yet unsettled world, to look for its own way of life and its own ethics. For example, Horse, Dog, Cat, Woman and Man have different ideas about good. The wisdom of man is to “agree” with the beasts forever and ever.
During the course of the story, the author more than once turns to the child (“Once upon a time there lived, my priceless, a whale in the sea who ate fish”) so that the intricately woven thread of the plot is not lost. There is always a lot of unexpected things in action - things that are only revealed in the end. The heroes demonstrate miracles of resourcefulness and ingenuity, getting out of difficult situations. The little reader seems to be invited to think about what else could be done to avoid bad consequences. Because of his curiosity, the baby elephant was forever left with a long nose. The Rhino's skin was wrinkled because he ate a man's pie. A small mistake or fault leads to an irreparable big consequence. However, it does not spoil life in the future, if you don’t lose heart.
Each animal and person exists in fairy tales in the singular (after all, they are not yet representatives of species), so their behavior is explained by the personality characteristics of each. And the hierarchy of animals and people is built according to their intelligence and intelligence.
The storyteller tells about ancient times with humor. No, no, and even modern details appear on its primitive land. Thus, the head of a primitive family makes a remark to his daughter: “How many times have I told you that you cannot speak in common language! “Horrifying” is a bad word...” The stories themselves are witty and instructive.
Municipal government special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with disabilities health "Special (correctional) primary school-kindergarten No. 10" V-type
extracurricular reading
Fairy tale by Rudyard Kipling
“Where did armadillos come from?”
Prepared and conducted:
Novokuznetsk urban district
Purpose of the lesson: introduce pupils to the works of R. Kipling; expand your reading horizons; develop expressive reading, improve reading technique, sense of humor; instill interest and love for books; educate careful attitude to books.
Material for the teacher
Rudyard Kipling is a poet and prose writer of great talent. Inexhaustible Wealth visual arts, precise and bold language, vivid imagination, keen observation, extensive and versatile knowledge - all these wonderful properties, combined together, make Kipling a writer belonging to all humanity.
Kipling’s playfully ironic “fairy tales” attract young readers with their unique invention, bright colors and lively spoken language. As if answering countless children’s questions “why” and “why”, the author tells with sly humor where the elephant’s trunk came from, why the leopard became spotted, how the camel got a hump, why the rhinoceros has rough skin in folds, why the whale has a narrow throat , how the first letter was composed and how the first alphabet was invented, how domestic animals appeared. Answering all these questions, Kipling gives free rein to creative imagination and at the same time makes children think about many things.
Kipling's tales are full of funny jokes and jokes. His tales are unexpectedly interrupted by appeals to young listeners. The main text is complemented by funny poems and expressive author's illustrations with witty explanations. These are all parts of a single plan.
"Where did armadillos come from"Decipher the title of the fairy tale
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Answer:"Where did armadillos come from?"
Questions about content
Did you like the fairy tale?
What impression did she make on you?
What do you remember most?
Where do the events described in the fairy tale take place? (On Amazon.)
Name the main characters of the fairy tale?
Tell us how the hedgehog and the turtle lived?
How did the jaguar spend his time?
Who explained to the jaguar how to catch turtles and hedgehogs?
What advice did the mother give to her son?
Tell us how the first meeting of a jaguar with a turtle and a hedgehog took place?
Why didn't the jaguar catch anyone?
Tell us how the animals confused the jaguar?
Did the jaguar try to catch the hedgehog and turtle again?
How did the hedgehog and the turtle manage to deceive the jaguar?
What did the hedgehog learn?
What did the turtle learn?
What question does the fairy tale ask us?
What animals did the turtle and the hedgehog turn into?
Kipling wrote an entertaining an interesting fairy tale, but admit scientific fact she can't. Why?
Where can we get reliable information and scientific answers to the questions: who are armadillos? What is known about the life of a hedgehog and turtles? (Encyclopedias, reference books.)
Find the fairy tale heroes in the table
Horizontally: hedgehog, turtle, armadillo. Vertically: jaguar.
Digital dictation
The teacher reads statements to the children; if the children agree with the statement, they give 1 (one); if they disagree, they give 0 (zero).
1. The events in the fairy tale take place on the Amazon River.
2. The turtle ate frogs. (Green salad.)
3. The hedgehog ate snails.
4. The hedgehog was called Zlyuchka-Thorn.
5. The turtle was called Hasty. (Leisurely.)
6. The jaguar was called Painted.
7. The hedgehog is not afraid of water. (Fears.)
8. Mother taught the jaguar to catch turtles and hedgehogs.
9. The turtle pricked the jaguar. (Hedgehog.)
10. The hedgehog learned to curl up into a ball. (Turtle.)
11. The hedgehog and turtle turned into armadillos.
Answers: 101 101 010 01.
Test
2. On what river did the events take place?
a) On the Volga b) On the Amazon
3. What kind of water was in the river?
a) Cloudy b) Clean
4. Who was hunting for the turtle and the hedgehog?
a) Leopard b) Jaguar
5. What was the name of the hedgehog?
a) Spiny-thorn b) Spiny side
6. What was the name of the turtle?
a) Toropyshka b) Medlyanka
7. What was the name of the Jaguar?
a) Painted b) Clockwork
8. What did the turtle learn?
a) Swim b) Run
9. What did the hedgehog learn?
a) Swim b) Run c) Jump
10. What happened to the turtle and the hedgehog after swimming?
a) Scales b) Spines c) Shell
11. What animals did the hedgehog and the turtle turn into?
a) In jaguars b) In turtles c) In armadillos
Answer: 1 - in; 2 - b; 3 - a; 4 - 6; 5 - a; 6 - in; 7 - a; 8 - in; 9 - a; 10 - a I - c.
Decipher the fairy tale characters
I. Cross out all the repeated letters and read the word.
Answer: jaguar.
Answer: hedgehog.
2. Match the numbers from the right column with the letters of the left column and read the word.
Answer: turtle.
3. Read only Russian letters.
DBFWRPYOLHNEZQHWOSCYEUЦIW
Answer: armadillo
Game: “Guess who said it?”
1. “If, son, you find a Hedgehog, quickly throw it into the water. Hedgehog
will unfold on its own in the water. And if you find a Turtle, scratch it out of its shell with your paw.”
2. “I threw another animal into the water. He said his name was Turtle, but I didn't believe him. It turns out that it really was the Turtle. She dove into the water, into the muddy Amazon River, and I never saw her again. And so I was left hungry and I think that we need to move from here to other places. Here, in muddy water Amazons, all the animals are so smart. Poor me can’t handle them.”
3. “After all, if, as you say, I said what she said, what I said, then it turns out that I said what she said. And if you think that she said that you should turn me around with your paw, and not throw me into the water along with my shell, I have nothing to do with it, don’t I?”
4. “You curl up so well - just like my brothers and sisters. Two holes you say? Okay, just don't puff so loudly, otherwise the Painted Jaguar will hear. Be brave! When you're done, I'll try to dive and stay under the water longer. You say it's very easy. The Painted Jaguar will be surprised! But how the shields on your shell have shifted! Before they were side by side, but now they are one on top of the other.”
Answers: 1. Jaguar mother. 2. Jaguar. 3. Turtle. 4. Hedgehog.
Recover corrupted text. Fill in the missing words
“Dear..., I’ll tell you again... about Distant and Ancient Times. Then there lived Zlyuchka-... Hedgehog. He lived on... a river.... he ate snails and various things. And he had... a Turtle... who also lived on the muddy Amazon River, ate various varieties and... lettuce. Everything was going... wasn’t it, dear boy?”
Words for reference:boy, fairy tale, thorn, muddy, amazon,friend, leisurely, green, good.
Answer:“Dear boy, I will again tell you a fairy tale about Distant and Ancient Times. Then there lived the Thorny Hedgehog. He lived on the muddy Amazon River, ate snails and various varieties. And he had a friend, the Slow Turtle, who also lived on the muddy Amazon River, ate various varieties and green salad. Everything was going well, wasn’t it, dear boy?”
Book Just Tales
It is precisely the universal humanity poured out in this novel by Kipling, as in his other best works, that seems to isolate “Kim” from the ideology of this writer and introduce him to the stream of high literature.
The same can be said about another amazing creation of Kipling, which appeared in the same years - the book “Just Fairy Tales” (1902).
Like many other things by this writer, they were created gradually.
Just Tales is Kipling's most "universal" book. ( This material will help you write correctly on the topic. The book Just Fairy Tales. Summary does not make it possible to understand the full meaning of the work, so this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, stories, plays, poems.) In it he acted not only as a storyteller and poet, but also as an artist. For those at home, this, I think, was not a surprise - after all, he even notebooks he wrote in a special way: instead of ordinary notes, he covered them with some kind of squiggles, reminiscent of hieroglyphs, and interesting line drawings. But outside the family, of course, they did not know this, and when Kipling also emerged as a strong professional artist, who did not escape the influence of Burne-Jones, but was quite original, the public was amazed. Since then, Kipling's drawings have formed an unchanging, organic part of each individual edition of Just Fairy Tales.
True, in calling this collection of Kipling this way, one has to follow the tradition of Chukovsky’s translation, which conveyed this title exactly in this way, nothing more. In English it reads more like “Simple Stories.” However, such “simplicity” was only possible for Kipling.
In order to write these fairy tales, one had to first of all love children very much. Kipling's sister Trix, married to Mrs. Fleming, recalled that during walks he struck up a conversation with every child he met. “It was an incomparable joy to watch him when he played with the child, because at that time he himself became a child,” she wrote. As for Just Fairy Tales, she says, it “anticipates any question a child might ask; in illustrations, he cares about exactly those details that the child expects to see.” The children repaid him with the same unaccountable love. One day during sea travel a ten-year-old boy, whom his mother could not calm down, rushed to Kipling, sat on his lap and instantly stopped crying. It is easy to understand how Kipling was adored by his own children and nephews. For them, he began to tell stories for the first time, which were later included in the collection “Just Fairy Tales.” After The Jungle Books, he was no longer afraid to consider himself a children's writer, and the first listeners of his fairy tales confirmed this opinion at every step. There were bedtime stories that Kipling told his daughter Effie (Josephine) in Vermont, and when repeated, she would not allow a word to be changed. If he missed a phrase or word, she immediately filled it in. There were other fairy tales intended for a large group of children - they were constantly altered until they acquired their final form. In America, the first version of the fairy tale “The cat walked by itself” appeared. It is also known that the stories about the rhinoceros, the camel and the whale were first told in Brattleboro. The researchers guessed that the last of them was born in America because “suspenders” are designated American there, and not English word, and the stations Winchester, Ashuelot, Nashua, Kini and Ficheoro, which the whale lists, are railway stations on the way to Brattleboro. When the family went to South Africa for three months in January 1898, there was a tale of a curious baby elephant and perhaps a leopard. Returning to England, Kipling created the fairy tale “How the First Letter Was Written”, before a new trip to Africa he wrote “The Crab Who Played with the Sea”, and in the first months of 1902 on the Rhodes estate - “The Moth Who Stamped His Foot” and "Cats" remade. This is how this book gradually came together. Each fairy tale was born when its time came. He drew illustrations for the book with great pleasure, also consulting with the children all the time.
Kipling’s nephews later told how in his English house “Elms” (“Elms”) they were invited into the study, a cozy room with a clerestory window, and Uncle Ruddy read to them about the sailor - very resourceful, smart and brave, about his braces: “ please don’t forget your suspenders, my dear.” In print, they recalled, “Just Tales” were nothing compared to what they heard. What pleasure they got when Uncle Ruddy told them in his deep, confident voice! There was something ritualistic about it. Each phrase was pronounced with a certain intonation, always the same, and without it they were just a shell. His voice had unique modulations, he emphasized certain words, highlighted certain phrases, and all this, they said, made his reading unforgettable.
In print, “Simply Fairy Tales” also remained an outstanding work of literature. And with all their simplicity - not only children's literature. Of course, the word “simplicity” applies to them with certain reservations. First of all, it should be noted that the poems accompanying these tales are distinguished by rare rhythmic and lexical sophistication, and the simplicity that distinguishes the main text of the tales is akin to the simplicity of a fable. These stories are simple because there is nothing superfluous in them.
But the main advantage of these tales is their extraordinary originality. The fairy tale tradition as a whole is distinguished by a certain “continuity”, and not only within the boundaries of any particular country. The common medieval roots of fairy tales are visible at every step, and it is extremely difficult to create something radically new in this area. Kipling was one of the few who succeeded. Of course, this cannot be said about all of his tales. “The Crab That Played with the Sea” directly correlates with the mythological plot set out in Walter Skeet’s book “Malay Magic” (1900), published a year earlier, and in the fairy tale “Where the Armadillos Came From” he seemed to subordinate himself to that “logic of the absurd” , which features “Alice in Wonderland! and “Through the Looking Glass” by his beloved Lewis Carroll - he knew both of these books almost by heart.
He was also familiar with Andrew Lang's book Myth, Ritual and Religion (1887), but from it he merely borrowed the names of the gods Nka, Nking and Nkong in The Tale of the Old Kangaroo. Found in Kipling small quotes and reminiscences from the Bible and the Koran. “The Moth That Stamped Its Foot” was created not without the influence of one of Robert Browning’s poems. Experts in Eastern literature also talk about the influence that Buddhist tales had on Kipling. But Kipling not only found a new, his own intonation. In most cases, he himself invented the plots of his fairy tales. According to Roger Lanceline Green, author famous book Kipling and the Children (1965) and Just Stories give the impression of something created out of nothing. We are not always even able to understand from what clay Kipling sculpted; his figures, and one cannot help but appreciate the genius with which he breathed life into them.” Characteristic feature his tales, he continues, are, in his opinion, their “ highest degree verifiable inconceivability, proven with infallible logic.” To this we can add one more interesting feature of Kipling’s tales. Despite their peculiar ancient basis, they are full of modern details. In this respect, Kipling resembles Thackeray, in whose fairy tale “The Ring and the Rose” the hero, living in unknown times and in non-existent kingdom-states, cleans his boots with Warren's paste and does not generally refuse the benefits of modern civilization available to him.
Elizabeth Nesbit, who in her book A Critical History of Children's Literature (1953) diligently searches for the sources of Just Fairy Tales, also correlates them not with any specific works of folklore, but only with the general spirit of the ancient fairy tale tradition. According to her, “these stories, written in the knowledgeable twentieth century, represent such a skillful recreation of the primordial impulses that give rise to the many “whys and whys” of world folklore that it is even difficult to believe. Kipling, no worse than our prehistoric ancestor, grasps the main features or internal properties of an elephant and a camel, a leopard, a cat and a moth, and from all this he manages to weave a narrative in which everything shown is given an exhaustive explanation... But in any case, this is the same Kipling with with its unique style and aroma.” Gilbert Keith Chesterton said something similar about this book by Kipling in his review, published a month after its publication. “The special charm of these new Kipling stories,” he wrote, “is that they read not like fairy tales that adults tell children around the fireplace, but like fairy tales that adults told each other at the dawn of mankind. In them, animals appear as prehistoric people saw them - not as species and subspecies and a developed scientific system, but as independent creatures marked with the stamp of originality and extravagance. The baby elephant is a weirdo with a shoe on his nose; a camel, a zebra, a turtle - all these are particles of a magical dream, watching which is not at all the same as studying biological species.”
Of course, Chesterton forgets that in Kipling’s tales the spirit of European expediency is quite strong, and no matter how incredible the way the baby elephant acquired its trunk, the author has no doubt that now he lives better than before. But the reviewer of the first edition of “Simply Fairy Tales” rightly noted the author’s understanding of the spirit of the world’s most ancient civilizations.
“Just Fairy Tales” is the last of Kipling’s works that have become firmly established among readers and are recognized as classics. They were published in October 1902, in other words, more than two months before he turned thirty-six years old - halfway through his life path. It can be said that it was precisely at this time that the creative impulse Kipling received in India was exhausted. Of course, later he had successful stories and poems, but only from time to time. When five years later Nobel Committee awarded him a prize for literature, it was given to a writer who had already done almost everything he was capable of - in a novel, in a story, in poetry.
Sources:
- Rudyard Kipling Stories. Poetry. Fairy tales / Comp., preface, commentary. Yu. I. Kagarlitsky.- M.: Higher. school, 1989.-383 p.
annotation:
In the collection of a wonderful English writer late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century by Rudyard Kipling includes the most significant stories, poems, and fairy tales written by him in different years.
The publication is equipped with a preface, commentary, as well as a dictionary of oriental words found in the works of R. Kipling.
Composition
English writer, prose writer and poet Rudyard Joseph Kipling Joseph Kipling (1865-1936) entered children's literature as the author of the famous story about Mowgli and the playfully ironic “Fairy Tales,” although the writer also had other works intended for children and youth. His tales closely united the traditions of English folk humor and folklore of those countries and continents that the writer knew: South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
The books were created in close communication between Kipling and children. The writer thought of them as answers to the questions of his own children. Kipling told this about one of his daughters, Elsie, in verse, completing the tale of the baby elephant. Elsie's curiosity cannot be compared with Kipling's own: Each servant has his own name: “How”, “Why”, “Who”, “What”, “When”, “Where”. But the writer’s daughter has “special youth” - not six, but “hundreds of thousands of servants” - “and there is no peace for everyone”: this is “five thousand where, seven thousand how, one hundred thousand why.” As a playful and ironic response to these countless where, how, why fairy tales were written. They are named: “Where do armadillos come from”, “Why does a camel have a hump”, “Where does a whale have such a narrow throat”, “Where does a rhinoceros have folded skin”, etc. Kipling’s tales follow the tradition of the so-called “etiological tales” (“ etiological" from the Greek words "reason", "concept, doctrine"), i.e. just those that explain something, for example, why a hyena's hind legs are shorter than its front ones, why a hare is cowardly. Etiological tales are known to all peoples of the world - there are many of them in African and Australian folklore. Of course, this does not mean that the writer was focused on reproducing any specific folk-poetic plot from the fairy-tale folklore of Africa and Australia. Kipling did not process existing fairy tales, but created his own, having learned general principles folk tales.
His tales begin with a loving appeal to a child: “It’s only now, my dear boy, that the elephant has a trunk.” But the point, of course, is not only in the conversion itself. The entire artistic structure of the fairy tale bears the imprint of the live communication of the narrator with the child listening to him. As shown by researchers, Kipling even used specific children's vocabulary, which was completely understandable to children. Communication with a child is most noticeable in the special intonation of Kipling the storyteller: “It was a long time ago, my dear boy. Once upon a time there lived a Keith. He swam in the sea and ate fish. He ate bream, and ruff, and beluga, and stellate sturgeon, and herring, and the nimble, fast eel. Whatever fish he comes across, he will eat. He opens his mouth, and he’s done!” The fairy-tale narration is interrupted by interpolated replicas, specially intended for little listeners, so that they remember some detail, pay attention to something especially important for themselves.
About the Sailor, who was in the womb of the Whale, Kipling says: “The Sailor is wearing blue canvas trousers and suspenders (look, my dear, don’t forget about the suspenders!), and a hunting knife at the side of his belt. The Sailor is sitting on a raft, with his legs dangling in the water (his mother allowed him to dangle his bare legs in the water, otherwise he would not have dangled, because he was very smart and brave).” And whenever the subject of the Sailor and his blue trousers comes up, Kipling will not fail to remind again and again: “Please don’t forget about your suspenders, my dear!” This manner of Kipling the storyteller is explained not only by the desire to play up an essential detail in the development of the action: the Sailor used suspenders to tie up thin splinters that he inserted into Keith’s throat - “Now you understand why you should not have forgotten about the suspenders!” But even after everything has been told, at the very end of the tale, Kipling will again talk about the suspenders that came in handy for the Sailor: “The blue canvas trousers were still on his feet when he walked on the pebbles near the sea. But he was no longer wearing suspenders. They remained in Keith's throat. They tied together splinters, from which the Sailor made a lattice.”
The cheerful inspiration of Kipling the narrator gives fairy tales a special charm. That's why he plays up some detail he likes, repeating it many times. For the same reason, the writer gives the child fantastic paintings imbued with everyday humor. The whale, sailing towards England, is likened to a conductor and shouts out the names of the stations: “It’s time to get out! Transfer! Nearest stations: Winchester, Ashuelot, Nashua, Keene and Fitchboro.”
The poetic detailing of the action reveals the humorous and ironic intent of the fairy tale, bringing it closer to the cheerful humoresques of English folk children's poetry. In the fairy tale about the cat, the word “wild” is played out many times - the action takes place in a distant time, when tame animals were still wild: “The Dog was wild, and the Horse was wild, and the Sheep was wild, and they were all wild and wild and wandered wildly Wet and Wild forests. But the wildest was the Wild Cat - she wandered wherever she pleased and walked on her own.” Everything in the world was still wild - and it is said about people: “That evening, my dear boy, they dined on wild sheep, roasted on hot stones, seasoned with wild garlic and wild pepper. Then they ate wild duck, stuffed with wild rice, wild grass and wild apples; then cartilages of wild bulls; then wild cherries and wild pomegranates.” And even the Wild Horse's legs, Wild Dog wild, and they themselves say “wild”. The varied use of the same word brings the narrative closer to a humorous joke.
By skillful repetition, the writer achieves something remarkable. comic effect. The stupid Jaguar, who decided to follow the advice of the Jaguar Mother, was completely confused by the smart Turtle and the cunning Hedgehog. “You say that I say that she said something else,” said the Turtle. “So what of that?” After all, if, as you said, she said what I said, then it turns out that I said what she said.” From such confusing speeches, the painted Jaguar feels that “even the spots on his back hurt.”
In Kipling's fairy tales, the same turns, words, expressions, phrases and even entire paragraphs are repeated many times: mother Jaguar gracefully waves her graceful tail, the Amazon is called “ muddy river”, and Limpopo - “dirty, dull green, wide”, the Turtle is “slowly” everywhere, and the Hedgehog is “snarky-thorny”, the Jaguar is “painted”, etc. The whole set of these figurative and stylistic devices gives fairy tales an unusually bright artistic originality- they turn into a fun word game. Kipling revealed to his little listeners the poetry of distant travels, strange life on distant continents. Fairy tales call to the world of the unknown, mysteriously beautiful:
*From Liverpool Harbor
*Always on Thursdays
* uda go swimming
* To distant shores.
* They are sailing to Brazil,
* Brazil, Brazil,
* And I want to go to Brazil - To distant shores.
With his poetry of recognition of the world, spiritual health, irony and jokes, Kipling as a writer gained universal recognition among teachers. The best properties of his artistic talent were revealed precisely in fairy tales. Children really liked the story from “The Jungle Book” - about the brave mongoose fighter of cobras (“Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”). He exudes the poetry of tropical adventures, dangers and victories.
In other works, especially those intended for adult readers, they found themselves negative sides writer's personality. In them, Kipling appears as a militant ideologist of the English colonialists, glorifying in poetry and prose the “civilizing” role of the British Empire among “backward” peoples. Even before the revolution, Russian writers pointed out this feature of Kipling's worldview. A. I. Kuprin wrote: “And no matter how fascinated the reader is by this wizard, he sees because of his lines a real cultural son of cruel, greedy, merchant, modern England, a poet inspiring English mercenary soldiers to robbery, bloodshed and violence with his patriotic songs..."
The treasury of world culture includes those creations of Kipling that are marked by the spirit of humanism, subtle skill, observation, poetic courage and originality, closeness to the democratic traditions of folklore of English and other peoples. Along with fairy tales foreign writers in children's reading habits preschool age widespread folk tales different nations peace. These are fairy tales too Slavic peoples(Czech fairy tale “Goldilocks”; Polish “Wonderful Apple Tree”; Bulgarian “Ashes”, “The Boy and the Evil Bear”; Serbian “Why the Moon Has No Dress”, etc.); tales of others European peoples(Hungarian “Two Greedy Little Bears”, French “The Goat and the Wolf”, English “The Tale of the Three Little Pigs”, Italian “Kittens”, etc.); fairy tales of the peoples of Asia (Korean fairy tale “Swallow”, Japanese “Sparrow”, Chinese “Yellow Stork”, Indian “Tiger, Peasant and Fox”, etc.). Fairy tales from peoples of different continents have significantly expanded the range of children's books. Together with the writers' fairy tales, they entered the "golden fund" of literature for preschoolers.